1
|
Purwestri YA, Nurbaiti S, Putri SPM, Wahyuni IM, Yulyani SR, Sebastian A, Nuringtyas TR, Yamaguchi N. Seed Halopriming: A Promising Strategy to Induce Salt Tolerance in Indonesian Pigmented Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2879. [PMID: 37571030 PMCID: PMC10420915 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Unfavorable environmental conditions and climate change impose stress on plants, causing yield losses worldwide. The Indonesian pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Cempo Ireng Pendek (black rice) and Merah Kalimantan Selatan (red rice) are becoming popular functional foods due to their high anthocyanin contents and have great potential for widespread cultivation. However, their ability to grow on marginal, high-salinity lands is limited. In this study, we investigated whether seed halopriming enhances salt tolerance in the two pigmented rice cultivars. The non-pigmented cultivars IR64, a salt-stress-sensitive cultivar, and INPARI 35, a salt tolerant, were used as control. We pre-treated seeds with a halopriming solution before germination and then exposed the plants to a salt stress of 150 mM NaCl at 21 days after germination using a hydroponic system in a greenhouse. Halopriming was able to mitigate the negative effects of salinity on plant growth, including suppressing reactive oxygen species accumulation, increasing the membrane stability index (up to two-fold), and maintaining photosynthetic pigment contents. Halopriming had different effects on the accumulation of proline, in different rice varieties: the proline content increased in IR64 and Cempo Ireng Pendek but decreased in INPARI 35 and Merah Kalimantan Selatan. Halopriming also had disparate effects in the expression of stress-related genes: OsMYB91 expression was positively correlated with salt treatment, whereas OsWRKY42 and OsWRKY70 expression was negatively correlated with this treatment. These findings highlighted the potential benefits of halopriming in salt-affected agro-ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (S.N.); (T.R.N.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurbaiti
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (S.N.); (T.R.N.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sekar Pelangi Manik Putri
- Biotechnology Master Program, The Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (S.P.M.P.); (I.M.W.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Ignasia Margi Wahyuni
- Biotechnology Master Program, The Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (S.P.M.P.); (I.M.W.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Siti Roswiyah Yulyani
- Biotechnology Master Program, The Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (S.P.M.P.); (I.M.W.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Alfino Sebastian
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan;
| | - Tri Rini Nuringtyas
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (S.N.); (T.R.N.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Plant Stem Cell Regulation and Floral Patterning Laboratory, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mo Y, Li G, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li J, Yang M, Chen S, Lin Q, Fu G, Zheng D, Ling Y. OsGRF4AA compromises heat tolerance of developing pollen grains in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1121852. [PMID: 36909437 PMCID: PMC9992635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extreme high temperature at the meiosis stage causes a severe decrease in spikelet fertility and grain yield in rice. The rice variety grain size on chromosome 2 (GS2) contains sequence variations of OsGRF4 (Oryza sativa growth-regulating factor 4; OsGRF4AA ), escaping the microRNA miR396-mediated degradation of this gene at the mRNA level. Accumulation of OsGRF4 enhances nitrogen usage and metabolism, and increases grain size and grain yield. In this study, we found that pollen viability and seed-setting rate under heat stress (HS) decreased more seriously in GS2 than in its comparator, Zhonghua 11 (ZH11). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that, following HS, genes related to carbohydrate metabolic processes were expressed and regulated differentially in the anthers of GS2 and ZH11. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and key transcription factors, including eight male sterile genes, were inhibited by HS to a greater extent in GS2 than in ZH11. Interestingly, pre-mRNAs of OsGRF4, and a group of essential genes involved in development and fertilization, were differentially spliced in the anthers of GS2 and ZH11. Taken together, our results suggest that variation in OsGRF4 affects proper transcriptional and splicing regulation of genes under HS, and that this can be mediated by, and also feed back to, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, resulting in a reduction in the heat tolerance of rice anthers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Mo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meizhen Yang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shanlan Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qiaoling Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Ling
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao Y, Zhou J, Cheng C, Niu F, Zhang A, Sun B, Tu R, Wan J, Li Y, Huang Y, Xie K, Dai Y, Zhang H, Hong JH, Pan X, Zhu J, Zhou H, Liu Z, Cao L, Chu H. A conserved clathrin-coated vesicle component, OsSCYL2, regulates plant innate immunity in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:542-555. [PMID: 34866195 PMCID: PMC9305246 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking (CMVT) is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic species, and indispensable to organism's growth and development. Recently, it has been suggested that CMVT also plays important roles in the regulation of plant immunity. However, the molecular link between CMVT and plant immunity is largely unknown. SCY1-LIKE2 (SCYL2) is evolutionally conserved among the eukaryote species. Loss-of-function of SCYL2 in Arabidopsis led to severe growth defects. Here, we show that mutation of OsSCYL2 in rice gave rise to a novel phenotype-hypersensitive response-like (HR) cell death in a light-dependent manner. Although mutants of OsSCYL2 showed additional defects in the photosynthetic system, they exhibited enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. Subcellular localisation showed that OsSCYL2 localized at Golgi, trans-Golgi network and prevacuolar compartment. OsSCYL2 interacted with OsSPL28, subunit of a clathrin-associated adaptor protein that is known to regulate HR-like cell death in rice. We further showed that OsSCYL2-OsSPL28 interaction is mediated by OsCHC1. Collectively, we characterized a novel component of the CMVT pathway in the regulation of plant immunity. Our work also revealed unidentified new functions of the very conserved SCYL2. It thus may provide new breeding targets to achieve both high yield and enhanced resistance in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Can Cheng
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fuan Niu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Rongjian Tu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jianing Wan
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and LifeShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Kaizhen Xie
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and LifeShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuting Dai
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Han Hong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology ProgrammeDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Cao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Huangwei Chu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiong E, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Peng T, Chen Z, Zhao Q. A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998850. [PMID: 33257942 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University (HAU), China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- College of Agriculture, HAU
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rani MH, Liu Q, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Islam MA, Zegeye WA, Cao L, Cheng S. ES5 is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis and impacts on early senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:501-515. [PMID: 31919641 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00961-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which affects plant growth and yield in rice, is an ideal target for crop improvement and remarkable advances have been made to identify the mechanism underlying this process. We have characterized an early senile mutant es5 (early leaf senescence 5) in rice exhibiting leaf yellowing phenotype after the 4-leaf stage. This phenotype was confirmed by the higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the disintegration of chloroplasts, reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) like Osh36, OsI57, and OsI85. Positional cloning revealed that the es5 phenotype is the result of one base substitution in ES5, encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) family protein, which is involved in the base-exchange type reaction to synthesize the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Functional complementation of ES5 in the es5 plants completely restored the wild-type phenotype. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis showed that es5 plants had increased levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased level of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These results provide evidence about the role of PS in rice leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Anowerul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Workie Anley Zegeye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rani MH, Liu Q, Yu N, Zhang Y, Wang B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Islam MA, Zegeye WA, Cao L, Cheng S. ES5 is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthesis and impacts on early senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:501-515. [PMID: 31919641 PMCID: PMC7026238 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, which affects plant growth and yield in rice, is an ideal target for crop improvement and remarkable advances have been made to identify the mechanism underlying this process. We have characterized an early senile mutant es5 (early leaf senescence 5) in rice exhibiting leaf yellowing phenotype after the 4-leaf stage. This phenotype was confirmed by the higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the disintegration of chloroplasts, reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) like Osh36, OsI57, and OsI85. Positional cloning revealed that the es5 phenotype is the result of one base substitution in ES5, encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) family protein, which is involved in the base-exchange type reaction to synthesize the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Functional complementation of ES5 in the es5 plants completely restored the wild-type phenotype. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis showed that es5 plants had increased levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased level of phosphatidylcholine (PC). These results provide evidence about the role of PS in rice leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Anowerul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Workie Anley Zegeye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|