1
|
Driever SM. Measurement of O 2 Uptake and Evolution in Leaves In Vivo Using Stable Isotopes and Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:149-162. [PMID: 38649571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is both product and substrate of photosynthesis and metabolism in plants, by oxygen evolution through water splitting and uptake by photorespiration and respiration. It is important to investigate these processes simultaneously in leaves, especially in response to environmental variables, such as light and temperature. To distinguish between processes that evolve or take up O2 in leaves in the light, in vivo gas exchange of stable isotopes of oxygen and membrane inlet mass spectrometry is used. A closed-cuvette system for gas exchange of leaf discs is described, using the stable isotopes 16O2 and 18O2, with a semi-permeable membrane gas inlet and isotope mass separation and detection by mass spectrometry. Measurement of evolution and uptake, as well as CO2 uptake, at a range of light levels allows composition of a light response curve, here described for French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays) leaf discs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panda D, Mohanty S, Das S, Mishra B, Baig MJ, Behera L. Light intensity-mediated auxin homeostasis in spikelets links carbohydrate metabolism enzymes with grain filling rate in rice. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1233-1251. [PMID: 36847862 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) stress during the grain-filling stage acutely impairs the quality and quantity of starch accumulation in rice grains. Here, we observed that LL-induced poor starch biosynthesis is modulated by auxin homeostasis, which regulates the activities of major carbohydrate metabolism enzymes such as starch synthase (SS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in rice. Further, during the grain-filling period under LL, the starch/sucrose ratio increased in leaves but significantly decreased in the developing spikelets. This suggests poor sucrose biosynthesis in leaves and starch in the grains of the rice under LL. A lower grain starch was found to be correlated with the depleted AGPase and SS activities in the developing rice grains under LL. Further, under LL, the endogenous auxin (IAA) level in the spikelets was found to be synchronized with the expression of a heteromeric G protein gene, RGB1. Interestingly, under LL, the expression of OsYUC11 was significantly downregulated, which subsequently resulted in reduced IAA in the developing rice spikelets, followed by poor activation of grain-filling enzymes. This resulted in lowered grain starch accumulation, grain weight, panicle number, spikelet fertility, and eventually grain yield, which was notably higher in the LL-susceptible (GR4, IR8) than in the LL-tolerant (Purnendu, Swarnaprabha) rice genotypes. Therefore, we hypothesize that depletion in auxin biosynthesis under LL stress is associated with the downregulation of RBG1, which discourages the expression and activities of grain-filling enzymes, resulting in lower starch production, panicle formation, and grain yield in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Panda
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Swagatika Das
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Baneeta Mishra
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Mirza Jaynul Baig
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
An D, Zhao B, Liu Y, Xu Z, Kong R, Yan C, Su J. Simulation of Photosynthetic Quantum Efficiency and Energy Distribution Analysis Reveals Differential Drought Response Strategies in Two (Drought-Resistant and -Susceptible) Sugarcane Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1042. [PMID: 36903903 PMCID: PMC10005361 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selections of drought-tolerant cultivars and drought-stress diagnosis are important for sugarcane production under seasonal drought, which becomes a crucial factor causing sugarcane yield reduction. The main objective of this study was to investigate the differential drought-response strategies of drought-resistant ('ROC22') and -susceptible ('ROC16') sugarcane cultivars via photosynthetic quantum efficiency (Φ) simulation and analyze photosystem energy distribution. Five experiments were conducted to measure chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under different photothermal and natural drought conditions. The response model of Φ to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature (T), and the relative water content of the substrate (rSWC) was established for both cultivars. The results showed that the decreasing rate of Φ was higher at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures, with increasing PAR under well-watered conditions. The drought-stress indexes (εD) of both cultivars increased after rSWC decreased to the critical values of 40% and 29% for 'ROC22' and 'ROC16', respectively, indicating that the photosystem of 'ROC22' reacted more quickly than that of 'ROC16' to water deficit. An earlier response and higher capability of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) accompanied the slower and slighter increments of the yield for other energy losses (ΦNO) for 'ROC22' (at day5, with a rSWC of 40%) compared with 'ROC16' (at day3, with a rSWC of 56%), indicating that a rapid decrease in water consumption and an increase in energy dissipation involved in delaying the photosystem injury could contribute to drought tolerance for sugarcane. In addition, the rSWC of 'ROC16' was lower than that of 'ROC22' throughout the drought treatment, suggesting that high water consumption might be adverse to drought tolerance of sugarcane. This model could be applied for drought-tolerance assessment or drought-stress diagnosis for sugarcane cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng An
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Zhanjing Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Baoshan Zhao
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Zhanjing Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Zhanjing Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College, Jiaxing 314036, China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- Zhanjing Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Ran Kong
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Chengming Yan
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Junbo Su
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-Term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arce Cubas L, Vath RL, Bernardo EL, Sales CRG, Burnett AC, Kromdijk J. Activation of CO 2 assimilation during photosynthetic induction is slower in C 4 than in C 3 photosynthesis in three phylogenetically controlled experiments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1091115. [PMID: 36684779 PMCID: PMC9848656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their importance for the global carbon cycle and crop production, species with C4 photosynthesis are still somewhat understudied relative to C3 species. Although the benefits of the C4 carbon concentrating mechanism are readily observable under optimal steady state conditions, it is less clear how the presence of C4 affects activation of CO2 assimilation during photosynthetic induction. METHODS In this study we aimed to characterise differences between C4 and C3 photosynthetic induction responses by analysing steady state photosynthesis and photosynthetic induction in three phylogenetically linked pairs of C3 and C4 species from Alloteropsis, Flaveria, and Cleome genera. Experiments were conducted both at 21% and 2% O2 to evaluate the role of photorespiration during photosynthetic induction. RESULTS Our results confirm C4 species have slower activation of CO2 assimilation during photosynthetic induction than C3 species, but the apparent mechanism behind these differences varied between genera. Incomplete suppression of photorespiration was found to impact photosynthetic induction significantly in C4 Flaveria bidentis, whereas in the Cleome and Alloteropsis C4 species, delayed activation of the C3 cycle appeared to limit induction and a potentially supporting role for photorespiration was also identified. DISCUSSION The sheer variation in photosynthetic induction responses observed in our limited sample of species highlights the importance of controlling for evolutionary distance when comparing C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Arce Cubas
- The University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Vath
- The University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel L. Bernardo
- The University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - Angela C. Burnett
- The University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- The University of Cambridge, Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Cassava to Short-Term Extreme Cool and Hot Temperature. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172307. [PMID: 36079689 PMCID: PMC9460903 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most critical factors affecting cassava metabolism and growth. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to extreme cool (15 °C) and hot (45 °C) temperature on photosynthesis, biochemical and proteomics changes in potted plants of two cassava cultivars, namely Rayong 9 and Kasetsart 50. One-month-old plants were exposed to 15, 30, and 45 °C for 60 min in a temperature chamber under light intensity of 700 μmol m−2 s−1. Compared to the optimum temperature (30 °C), exposure to 15 °C resulted in 28% reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) and 62% reduction in net photosynthesis rate (Pn). In contrast, gs under 45 °C increased 2.61 folds, while Pn was reduced by 50%. The lower Pn but higher electron transport rate (ETR) of the cold-stressed plants indicated that a greater proportion of electrons was transported via alternative pathways to protect chloroplast from being damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, a marker related to the amount of ROS, were significantly higher at low temperature. Proteomics analysis revealed some interesting differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) including annexin, a multi-functional protein functioning in early events of heat stress signaling. In response to low-temperature stress, AP2/ERF domain-containing protein (a cold-related transcription factor) and glutaredoxin domain-containing protein (a component of redox signaling network under cold stress) were detected. Taken together, both cultivars were more sensitive to low than high temperature. Moreover, Rayong 9 displayed higher Pn under both temperature stresses, and was more efficient in controlling ROS under cold stress than Kasetsart 50.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bellasio C, Ermakova M. Reduction of bundle sheath size boosts cyclic electron flow in C 4 Setaria viridis acclimated to low light. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1223-1237. [PMID: 35866447 PMCID: PMC9545969 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When C4 leaves are exposed to low light, the CO2 concentration in the bundle sheath (BS) cells decreases, causing an increase in photorespiration relative to assimilation, and a consequent reduction in biochemical efficiency. These effects can be mitigated by complex acclimation syndromes, which are of primary importance for crop productivity but are not well studied. We unveil an acclimation strategy involving the coordination of electron transport processes. First, we characterize the anatomy, gas exchange and electron transport of C4 Setaria viridis grown under low light. Through a purposely developed biochemical model, we resolve the photon fluxes and reaction rates to explain how the concerted acclimation strategies sustain photosynthetic efficiency. Our results show that a smaller BS in low-light-grown plants limited leakiness (the ratio of CO2 leak rate out of the BS over the rate of supply via C4 acid decarboxylation) but sacrificed light harvesting and ATP production. To counter ATP shortage and maintain high assimilation rates, plants facilitated light penetration through the mesophyll and upregulated cyclic electron flow in the BS. This shade tolerance mechanism, based on the optimization of light reactions, is possibly more efficient than the known mechanisms involving the rearrangement of carbon metabolism, and could potentially lead to innovative strategies for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of BiologyUniversity of the Balearic Islands07122PalmaIlles BalearsSpain
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonACT2601Australia
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonACT2601Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Zhang Z, Fang S, Liu Y, Shang X. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unravel the Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Photosynthesis of Cyclocarya paliurus under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031161. [PMID: 35163101 PMCID: PMC8835658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the primary life process in nature, and how to improve photosynthetic capacity under abiotic stresses is crucial to carbon fixation and plant productivity. As a multi-functional tree species, the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus possess antihypertensive and hypoglycemic activities. However, the regulatory mechanism involved in the photosynthetic process of C. paliurus exposed to salinity has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the photosynthetic characteristics of C. paliurus seedlings, such as photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and electron transfer rate (ETR), were investigated under different salt concentrations, while the metabolome and transcriptome analyses were conducted to unravel its molecular regulatory mechanisms. Salt stress not only significantly affected photosynthetic characteristics of C. paliurus seedlings, but also severely modified the abundance of metabolites (such as fumaric acid, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and 3-phospho-d-glyceroyl phosphate) involved in central carbon metabolism, and the expression of photosynthetic genes. Through the co-expression network analysis, a total of 27 transcription factors (including ERFs, IDD, DOF, MYB, RAP) were identified to regulate photosynthetic genes under salt stress. Our findings preliminarily clarify the molecular regulatory network involved in the photosynthetic process of C. paliurus under salt stress and would drive progress in improving the photosynthetic capacity and productivity of C. paliurus by molecular technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Zijie Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.S.)
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-25-854-28603
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Xulan Shang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.S.)
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Szabó M, Zavafer A. Photoinhibition, photo-ecophysiology, and biophysics, a special issue in honor of Wah Soon Chow. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:1-3. [PMID: 34338942 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milán Szabó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary.
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia.
| | - Alonso Zavafer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|