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Volkos P, Kritsotakis EI, Symvoulakis EK. Psychotropic medicine use without current or prior medical advice, storage at home and association with perceived stress in a primary health care setting in Greece. Semergen 2024; 50:102150. [PMID: 38064767 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychotropic medicines use alters according to socio-economic factors and perceived stress. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of use of psychotropic medicines and supplements (PMS) without medical advice, including storage at home, and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics and perceived stress in primary care patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional sample of adult attendees in an urban primary care unit in Crete, Greece, were surveyed during regularly scheduled appointments during a three-week period in October 2020. A questionnaire was distributed to investigate PMS use during the last 12 months. The validated Greek version of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was adopted to measure perceived stress. RESULTS Of 263 respondents (mean age 46.3±14.5 years; 66.5% females), 101 (38.4%; 95%CI 33.1-43.7%) recalled having psychotropic medicines stored at home cabinets and 72 (27.4%; 95%CI 22.4-32.3%) reported using PMS without medical advice in the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a high prevalence of PMS use without medical advice, including storage at home. People>59 years of age, experiencing irregular sleep and scoring high in PSS, displayed increased prevalence of storing PMS at home or using them without medical advice. The findings could potentially inform primary care providers to focus on patients most likely to be users of PMS without medical advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Volkos
- 4th Local Health Team-Academic Unit of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - E I Kritsotakis
- Division of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E K Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Scoppetta O, Avendaño BL, Cassiani C. Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Drugs: a Review of Reviews. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Beghi M, Ferrari S, Biondi L, Brandolini R, Corsini C, De Paoli G, Sant’Angelo RP, Fraticelli C, Casolaro I, Zinchuk M, Pashnin E, Urh L, Castelpietra G, Cornaggia CM. Mid-term psychiatric consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: a 4 months observational study on emergency room admissions for psychiatric evaluation after the (first) lockdown period in Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1283-1289. [PMID: 35279745 PMCID: PMC8917958 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study is to evaluate the number and the features of admissions to the emergency room (ER) requiring psychiatric consultation, in the period between May 4th and August 31st 2020. METHODS We carried out a retrospective longitudinal observational study examining the 4 months following the initial lockdown imposed during the COVID-19 outbreak (May 4th and August 31st 2020). More specifically, the ER admissions leading to psychiatric referral were reviewed at all seven public hospitals of AUSL Romagna (Emilia Romagna region, Italy). Socio-demographic variables, history of medical comorbidities or psychiatric disorders, reason for ER admission, psychiatric diagnosis at discharge, and actions taken by the psychiatrist were collected. RESULTS An 11.3% (p = 0.007) increase in psychiatric assessments was observed when compared with the same period of the previous year (2019). A positive personal history of psychiatric disorders (OR:0.68, CI: 0.53-0.87) and assessments leading to no indication for follow-up (OR: 0.22, CI: 0.13-0.39) were significantly less frequent, while there was a significant increase of cases featuring organic comorbidities (OR: 1.24, CI: 1.00-1.52) and suicidal ideation/self-harm/suicide attempt (OR: 1,71, CI: 1.19-2.45) or psychomotor agitation (OR: 1.46, CI: 1.02-2.07) as reason for admission. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an increase in ER psychiatric consultations compared to the previous year, underlying the increased psychological distress caused by the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Beghi
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, AUSL Romagna, Piazzale Giommi, 47521, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Biondi
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy ,Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Brandolini
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Claudia Corsini
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Paoli
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, AUSL Romagna, Piazzale Giommi, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Rosa Patrizia Sant’Angelo
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Dependencies, AUSL Romagna, Piazzale Giommi, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Carlo Fraticelli
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casolaro
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Mikhail Zinchuk
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Pashnin
- Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lina Urh
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, GSD Research and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Maria Cornaggia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, GSD Research and Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Beghi M, Brandolini R, Biondi L, Corsini C, Fraticelli C, Sant'Angelo R, De Paoli G. Effects after the lockdown on emergency room admissions for psychiatric evaluation: An observational study from the province of Forlì-Cesena, Italy. EMERGENCY CARE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/ecj.2021.9827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to study the number of accesses to the Emergency Room (ER) requiring psychiatric evaluation in the four months following the lockdown period for the COVID-19 outbreak (May 4th, 2020-August 31th, 2020). The study is a retrospective longitudinal observational study of the ER admissions of the Hospitals of Cesena and Forlì (Emilia Romagna region) leading to psychiatric assessment. Sociodemographic variables, history for medical comorbidities or psychiatric disorders, reason for ER admission, psychiatric diagnosis at discharge and measures taken by the psychiatrist were collected. An increase of 9.4% of psychiatric assessments was observed. The difference was more pronounced in the first two months after lockdown, with a 21.7% increase of number of ER accesses, while after two months numbers were the same as those of the year before. Admission with anxiety symptoms and history of psychiatric disorder decreased significantly. Moreover, there is an age trend with an increasing age of admission.
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Silva M, Antunes A, Azeredo-Lopes S, Cardoso G, Xavier M, Saraceno B, Caldas-de-Almeida JM. How did the use of psychotropic drugs change during the Great Recession in Portugal? A follow-up to the National Mental Health Survey. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:215. [PMID: 32393219 PMCID: PMC7216710 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that economic recessions might be associated with a higher use of psychotropic drugs, but literature is scarce and contradictory in identifying the most vulnerable groups. This study aims to assess possible changes in the use of psychotropic drugs due to the economic recession in Portugal, by comparing self-reported consumption in 2008/09 and 2015/16. METHODS Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative Portugal (2008/09) and the National Mental Health Survey Follow-Up (2015/16) were used (n = 911). McNemar's tests were performed to estimate changes in consumption of any psychotropic drug and of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics/sedatives. Multiple Generalised Estimating Equations models with interaction effects were used to estimate the population odds of consuming psychotropic drugs according to year, gender and age. RESULTS An increase of 6.74% was estimated in the consumption of psychotropic drugs from 2008/09 to 2015/16. Population odds of consuming any psychotropic drugs in 2015/16 were estimated to be 1.5 times higher than in 2008/09 (OR = 1.50;95%CI:1.13-2.01), particularly for hypnotics/sedatives (OR = 1.60;95%CI:1.14-2.25). Women and older individuals presented higher odds of consuming any psychotropic drugs (OR = 2.79;95%CI:2.03-3.84, and OR = 1.80;95%CI:1.28-2.54), after adjusting for year of assessment and education. However, when evaluating the interaction effect of the year with gender and age, men and younger individuals reported higher odds of consuming any psychotropic drugs in 2015/16, when compared to 2008/09 (OR = 1.85;95%CI:1.08-3.17, and OR = 1.95;95%CI:1.32-2.90, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the period of economic recession was associated with an increased risk of psychotropic drugs use in Portugal. Consumption of psychotropic drugs remained higher among women and older individuals, but the results suggest that the economic crisis had a disproportionate impact on men and younger individuals. This identification of the most vulnerable population groups is useful to design effective and targeted public health interventions aimed at alleviating the effects of economic recessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Silva
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health. Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, n°5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Antunes
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health. Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, n°5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Azeredo-Lopes
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Cardoso
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health. Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, n°5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Xavier
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC). Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, n°5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Benedetto Saraceno
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health. Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, n°5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health. Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, n°5, 1150-190, Lisbon, Portugal
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Anand P, Esposito L, Villaseñor A. Depression and economic status: evidence for non-linear patterns in women from Mexico. J Ment Health 2018; 27:529-551. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1521918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Anand
- School of Politics, Philosophy, Economics, Development, Geography, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Lucio Esposito
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK
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Jordão NM, Freitas CD, García Ramírez M. Efeitos da crise económica e das políticas de austeridade na saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde da população migrante em países do sul da Europa: revisão scoping. REMHU: REVISTA INTERDISCIPLINAR DA MOBILIDADE HUMANA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-85852503880005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objectivo deste artigo é reunir e sintetizar o conhecimento existente sobre o impacto da crise económica e das consequentes políticas de austeridade no estado de saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde das populações migrantes em países do sul da Europa, nomeadamente Portugal, Espanha, Itália e Grécia. Os resultados analisados indicam que a crise económica e as políticas de austeridade tiveram um impacto negativo na saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde dos migrantes em três países, já que não se encontraram dados relativos a Portugal. Os seus efeitos negativos espelham-se na saúde mental, saúde ocupacional, doenças transmissíveis e não transmissíveis, saúde infantil e na perceção subjetiva de saúde. A acessibilidade dos cuidados de saúde tornou-se mais limitada em Espanha, especialmente para a população de imigrantes em situação irregular.
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Carta MG, Atzeni M, D’Oca S, Perra A, D’Aloja E, Brasesco MV, Moro MF, Minerba L, Sancassiani F, Moro D, Mausel G, Bhugra D. Depression in Sardinian immigrants in Argentina and residents in Sardinia at the time of the Argentinian default (2001) and the Great Recession in Italy (2015). BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:59. [PMID: 28178943 PMCID: PMC5299775 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to measure in two samples of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires and representatives of the population in Sardinia the prevalence of depressive symptoms at the time of an economic crisis in Sardinia and to compare these results with those collected at the time of a similar crisis in Argentina more than 10 years before. METHODS Observational study. The associations of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires provided the lists of families of Sardinian origin. A random sample of one fifth of registered families was selected. The sample of a study carried out in Sardinia was used as the control. The results were compared with those of the previous study performed in 2001-2002. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) was used for the screening of depression. RESULTS The Sardinian immigrants show a lower rate of scoring positively on PHQ9 (i.e. less risk of being depressed) and reach statistical significance after standardization (8.7% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.046). Young women (≤40) are at higher risk. On the contrary, the risk of depression was higher in Sardinian immigrants in Argentina during the 2001-2002 crises. CONCLUSION The study indicates a risk for depressive episodes linked to the fallout of the economic crisis (in Argentina in 2001-2002, in Sardinia in 2015) and specifically more in females than in males. Due to the associated socio-demographic risk factors, these results could be interpreted as due to an increase in non-bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Michela Atzeni
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Oca
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perra
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D’Aloja
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Francesca Moro
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Moro
- 0000 0004 1755 3242grid.7763.5Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gustavo Mausel
- grid.441630.4Universidad del Museo Social Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cKing’s College, London, UK
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