New catalytic approach for nano-sized V(IV), Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III)-triazole complexes: detailed spectral, electrochemical and analytical studies

Preparation, Characterization, In Vitro Biological Evaluation, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking Investigations of 1H-Imidazole-2-Carboxylic acid and Histidine-Based Mixed-Ligand Complexes

Mixed-ligand complexes incorporating 1H-Imidazole-2-Carboxylic acid (IMCA) and Histidine (LHIS) show promise for biomedical and biotechnological applications. This study synthesizes and characterizes FeIMCALHIS, CoIMCALHIS, and NiIMCALHIS coordination compounds using metal chloride salts (FeCl3.6H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O) in ethanolic solutions. The complexes are characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-vis, and mass spectra), elemental analysis, conductivity, magnetic, and thermal analysis. Molar conductivity indicates their non-electrolytic nature. UV-vis spectra reveal absorption bands with pathochromic shifts, and electronic spectra show characteristic metal-ligand transitions, indicating their structural configuration and coordination geometry. 3D geometry optimization shows six-coordination around Fe(III) and Co(II) in FeIMCALHIS and CoIMCALHIS, and four-coordination around Ni(II) in NiIMCALHIS. Analysis of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) suggests decreased electron donation ability upon coordination. Electronic structure parameters (HOMO, LUMO, ionization potential, energy gap, electron affinity, chemical potentials, and electronegativity) provide further insights into stability and reactivity. The metal complexes exhibit enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity compared to individual ligands, with FeIMCALHIS showing notable antimicrobial activity. Molecular docking analysis reveals strong binding interactions with target proteins, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications.

A Literature Review Focusing on the Antiviral Activity of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazoles

Out of a variety of heterocycles, triazole scaffolds have been shown to play a significant part in a wide array of biological functions. Many drug compounds containing a triazole moiety with important antimicrobial, anticancer and antidepressant properties have been commercialized. In addition, the triazole scaffold exhibits remarkable antiviral activity either incorporated into nucleoside analogs or non-nucleosides. Many synthetic techniques have been produced by scientists around the world as a result of their wide-ranging biological function. In this review, we have tried to summarize new synthetic methods produced by diverse research groups as well as provide a comprehensive description of the function of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazole derivatives as antiviral agents. Antiviral triazole compounds have been shown to target a wide variety of molecular proteins. In addition, several strains of viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus, SARS virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, influenza virus, Hantavirus, and herpes virus, were discovered to be susceptible to triazole derivatives. This review article covered the reports for antiviral activity of both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole moieties up to 2022.

Al-Hussain S, E. A. Zaki M, H. Asghar B, A. Muhammad Z. Synthesis of spiropyrazoles under organic and nonorganic catalysis

Abstract:

Spiropyrazoles display many biological biological activities such as antitumor, vasodilation, analgesic, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, aldosterone antagonistic, anabolic, androgenic, anti-inflammatory, progestational and salt-retaining activities and they also exert neuroprotection in dopaminergic cell death. Many efforts have been made to obtain these derivatives with high yield and excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Most of the spiroprazole synthesis methods were proceeded in good to excellent yield in the presence of organic catalysts as for examples squaramide, NHC pre-catalyst, pyrrole derivatives, bis-oxazoline, DMAP, DABCO, thiourea derivatives, DBU, acetic acid and quinoline catalysts. In addition, the inorganic and organo-metallic catalysts have been proven their efficiency in synthesis of various types of spiro-pyrazoles in excellent yield. Thus, in this review we have compiled all citations for the synthesis of spiropyrazoles in the presence of various types of catalysts such as organic, inorganic, and metalorganic catalysts in the range 2020 to 2012. This review article is a useful compilation for researchers interested in the synthesis of spiropyrazole derivatives and will assist them in selecting appropriate catalysts for preparation of their spiropyrazoles.