Transition metal (II) complexes of hydrazones derived from tetralone: synthesis, spectral characterization, in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies

Metallo-Organic Complexes Containing Transition Metals; Synthetic Approaches and Pharmaceutical Aspects

Coordination compounds offer a flexible framework for the thoughtful design of novel therapeutic-metallodrugs because of the unique properties of metal ions, such as their ability to coordinate with a wide range of organic ligands, variable oxidation states, a wide range of geometries, and coordination numbers. The pharmaceutical potential of a metal ion and associated substances is validated by the prevalence of various disease states linked to a metal ion's excess or deficiency within the biological system. Researchers have sought more selective, efficacious metallodrugs that cause fewer adverse effects. Attempts have resulted in considering a large range of organic ligands, preferably polydentate ligands with demonstrated biological activity, and a large range of metals from the periodic table, primarily from the d-block. In this review, we have outlined the key coordination complexes comprising N-, O-, and S-donor ligands reported in the last six years to demonstrate the potential applications of these metallo-organic complexes. The synthetic pathways of ligands, their complexes, and their potential for therapeutic applications are highlighted.

Hydrazones, hydrazones-based coinage metal complexes, and their biological applications

Hydrazone-based compounds distinguished by their azomethine -NHN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH group and their respective coinage metal complexes have emerged as leading candidates in the search for effective anticancer and antibiotic agents. Because of their varied pharmacological potential and simplicity of synthesis, these compounds have been the subject of substantial research. Hydrazones exhibit versatile coordination chemistry, allowing for the formation of stable complexes with metals such as copper, silver, and gold. Hydrazone derivatives and their metal complexes demonstrate significant biological activities, displaying potent anticancer properties inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and disrupting angiogenesis. Furthermore, they exhibit vigorous antibiotic activity by compromising microbial cell membranes and inhibiting essential enzymes. This review article highlights the versatility and effectiveness of hydrazone-based compounds and their coinage metal complexes reported for the last five years, underscoring their potential as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing these compounds for more excellent selectivity, potency, and biocompatibility, which is expected to advance their practical biological applications.

Transition metal complexes of triazole-based bioactive ligands: synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial, anticancer and molecular docking studies

In the present research work, four new heterocyclic Schiff base ligands (1–4) were synthesized by the condensation of 4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenol with salicylaldehyde derivatives in 1:1 molar ratio. The synthesized Schiff base ligands were allowed for complexation with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) metal ions. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds (1–20) was elucidated with the help of various spectral and physicochemical techniques. Spectroscopic data confirm the tridentate nature of ligands which coordinate to the metal via deprotonated oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thiol sulphur. Conductivity data showed the non-electrolytic nature of complexes. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic bacterial strains and two pathogenic fungal strains. The observed results of microbial activity reveals that compound 3 and its complexes (13–16) were found most potent against the pathogenic strains. In addition, the anticancer activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against human carcinoma cell lines i.e. HCT-116, DU145 and A549 using MTT assay. Among the tested compounds 12, 19, and 20 were found to show promising potency against the cancer cell lines. To rationalize the preferred modes of interaction of most potent compounds with the active site of human EGFR protein (PDB id: 5XGM), molecular docking studies were performed.