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Zheng HF, Xu J, Ding YH. A sixteen-valence-electron carbon-group 13 family with global penta-atomic planar tetracoordinate carbon: an ionic strategy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3975-3982. [PMID: 32022042 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) has always been a challenge due to its unique bonding mode that necessitates the perfect balance between the carbon center and surrounding ligands both electronically and mechanically. A unique type of 18-valence-electron (18ve) template, i.e., CAl42-, has been found to be very effective in designing various novel 18ve-species upon skeletal substitution. In this work, we showed that though ptC is not the global structure for the parent 16ve-CAl4, suitable skeletal substitution can allow for a series of global minimum ptC species. Theoretical calculations at the level of CCSD(T)/def2-QZVP//B3LYP/def2-QZVP for 35 carbon-group 13 systems with 16-ve, i.e., CXaYbZcKd (X, Y, Z, K = Al/Ga/In/Tl; 0 ≤ a, b, c, d ≤ 4, a + b + c + d = 4), showed that 9 systems (CAl3Tl, CGa3Tl, CGa2Tl2, CAl2GaTl, CAl2InTl, CGa2InTl, CAlGa2Tl, CGa2InTl and CAlGaInTl) possess global minimum ptC and 2 systems (CAl3In and CAl2Tl2) have quasi-GM ptC. Except for CAl3Tl and CAl3In, all the ptCs were predicted for the first time. All these stable ptC structures have the same skeleton and can be described as the same ionic sub-structure, i.e., [A-]B+. This study not only enriches 16ve-ptC, but also directly demonstrates that utilizing an ionic strategy, non-ptC CAl4 also can be used as a template to extend the ptC family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Optical Engineering Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng HF, Xu J, Ding YH. Mono-silicon isoelectronic replacement in CAl 4 : van't hoff/le bel carbon or not? J Comput Chem 2020; 41:119-128. [PMID: 31663141 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In cluster studies, the isoelectronic replacement strategy has been successfully used to introduce new elements into a known structure while maintaining the desired topology. The well-known penta-atomic 18 valence electron (ve) species C Al 4 2 - and its Al- /Si or Al/Si+ isoelectronically replaced clusters CAl3 Si- , CAl2 Si2 , C AlSi 3 - , and C Si 4 2 + , all possess the same anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel skeletons, that is, nontraditional planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) structure. In this article, however, we found that such isoelectronic replacement between Si and Al does not work for the 16ve-CAl4 with the traditional van't Hoff/Le Bel tetrahedral carbon (thC) and its isoelectronic derivatives CAl3 X (X = Ga/In/Tl). At the level of CCSD(T)/def2-QZVP//B3LYP/def2-QZVP, none of the global minima of the 16ve mono-Si-containing clusters CAl2 SiX+ (X = Al/Ga/In/Tl) maintains thC as the parent CAl4 does. Instead, X = Al/Ga globally favors an unusual ptC structure that has one long C─X distance yet with significant bond index value, and X = In/Tl prefers the planar tricoordinate carbon. The frustrated formation of thC in these clusters is ascribed to the CSi bonding that prefers a planar fashion. Inclusion of chloride ion would further stabilize the ptC of CAl2 SiAl+ and CAl2 SiGa+ . The unexpectedly disclosed CAl2 SiAl+ and CAl2 SiGa+ represent the first type of 16ve-cationic ptCs with multiple bonds. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People's Republic of China
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Sun YW, Wang HY, Ding YH. Predicting viable isomers of [X,C,N] and [H,X,C,N] (X = Sn, Pb). RSC Adv 2019; 9:40772-40780. [PMID: 35542652 PMCID: PMC9076368 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08943h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal cyanide/isocyanide and hydrometal cyanide/isocyanide compounds are key metal-carriers in interstellar space. Lighter group 14 elements (X = C/Si/Ge) cyanides/isocyanides and hydrocyanides/hydroisocyanides have been studied theoretically and experimentally. However, no reports are available on the analogues of tin (Sn) and lead (Pb). In this work, we carried out the first theoretical study on the structures and stabilities of [X,C,N] and [H,X,C,N] (X = Sn/Pb) at the CCSD(T)/def2-QZVPP//B3LYP/def2-QZVPP level. Comparisons were made with the lower analogues (X = C/Si/Ge) concerning the structural, energetic and bonding properties. Significantly different from that of c-C2N, a dative-bonded valence structure of c-XCN for heavier X was revealed for the first time, which can account for the rather worse kinetic stability of cyclic [X,C,N] for heavier X = Si/Ge. A unique kind of agostic bonding was found within three isomers of [H,Pb,C,N], whereas it is absent for X = C/Si/Ge/Sn. The computed structural and spectroscopic data could aid future laboratory and astrophysical detection of the [X,C,N] and [H,X,C,N] (X = Sn/Pb) isomers. Two new metal cyanide/isocyanide and hydrometal cyanide/isocyanide compounds of Sn and Pb were studied to assist their interstellar detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wang Sun
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China .,College of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
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Xin JF, Han XR, He FF, Ding YH. Global Isomeric Survey of Elusive Cyclopropanetrione: Unknown but Viable Isomers. Front Chem 2019; 7:193. [PMID: 31001519 PMCID: PMC6456661 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great interest in energy storage application, stable neutral CnOn (n > 1) structures either in thermodynamics or kinetics have yet been largely limited due to the rather high tendency to release the very stable CO molecule. The neutral cyclopropanetrione (C3O3) cluster has long remained elusive since no isomer with sufficient kinetic stability has been found either experimentally or theoretically. In this work, we constructed the first global potential energy surface of singlet C3O3 at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level, from which the kinetic stability of a wide range of C3O3 isomers can be determined by investigating their isomerization and fragmentation pathways. Amongst, a three-membered ring structure 01 is the global C3O3 isomer with a barrier of 10.6 kcal/mol at the sophisticated W1BD level. In particular, two carbene-type isomers 02 and 04 possess appreciable destruction barriers of 20.3 and 24.7 kcal/mol at W1BD, respectively. Thus, 02 and 04 can be useful building blocks for constructing larger high-energy density carbon-oxygen clusters. Moreover, with the carbene center, both might effectively functionalize various nano-materials while retaining the electrochemical active carbonyl and epoxyl moieties that are very desirable in alkali metal-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fan Xin
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Han
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei-Fei He
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zheng HF, Yu S, Hu TD, Xu J, Ding YH. CAl 3X (X = B/Al/Ga/In/Tl) with 16 valence electrons: can planar tetracoordinate carbon be stable? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26266-26272. [PMID: 30324197 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04774j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a perpetual chemical curiosity, planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) that violates the traditional tetrahedral carbon (thC) has made enormous achievements. In particular, the 18-valence-electron (18ve) counting rule has been found to be very effective in predicting ptC structures, as in CX42- (X = Al/Ga/In/Tl). By contrast, the corresponding neutral CX4 with 16ve each takes the thC form like methane. Herein, we report a mono-substituted neutral 16ve-CAl3X (X = Al/Ga/In/Tl). Our theoretical results showed that the competition between thC and ptC can be well tuned upon variation of X, and for X = In and Tl, the ptC structure becomes isoenergetic to and even more stable than thC, respectively. Thus, a low-lying ptC can be achieved in the 16ve-CAl3X set without acquiring additional electrons. This unintuitive result can be ascribed to the increased energetic preference of the ionic sub-structure [CAl3-]X+ from X = Al to Tl. We thus predict the first penta-atomic ptC species with 16ve, and the ionic strategy presented in this work is expected to promote novel designs of ptC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Yu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
| | - Tian-Ding Hu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
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He FF, Ding YH. Global picture of isomerization and dissociation of CN 2O 2: new metastable isomers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive potential energy surface of CN2O2, covering 15 new isomers and 30 new transition states was constructed to predict three new observable isomers 14, 22 and 29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-fei He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Through an extensive isomeric search utilizing a “skeleton-ligand” cluster-growth strategy, the global minimum of C2B4H4 is found to adopt a ribbon-like structure (01) rather than the previously reported hypercloso structure (04).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
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Abstract
In this paper, we reported the smallest main-group dicarbide with all deltahedras, which is also the first main-group dicarbide with (n + 1) polyhedral skeletal electron pairs (PSEPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Sui
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- People's Republic of China
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Ponikvar-Svet M, Zeiger DN, Keating LR, Liebman JF. Interplay of thermochemistry and structural chemistry, the journal (volume 24, 2013, issues 1–2) and the discipline. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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