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Negro G, Gonnella G, Lamura A, Busuioc S, Sofonea V. Growth regimes in three-dimensional phase separation of liquid-vapor systems. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:015305. [PMID: 38366419 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.015305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The liquid-vapor phase separation is investigated via lattice Boltzmann simulations in three dimensions. After expressing length and time scales in reduced physical units, we combined data from several large simulations (on 512^{3} nodes) with different values of viscosity, surface tension, and temperature, to obtain a single curve of rescaled length l[over ̂] as a function of rescaled time t[over ̂]. We find evidence of the existence of kinetic and inertial regimes with growth exponents α_{d}=1/2 and α_{i}=2/3 over several time decades, with a crossover from α_{d} to α_{i} at t[over ̂]≃1. This allows us to rule out the existence of a viscous regime with α_{v}=1 in three-dimensional liquid-vapor isothermal phase separation, differently from what happens in binary fluid mixtures. An in-depth analysis of the kinetics of the phase separation process, as well as a characterization of the morphology and the flow properties, are further presented in order to provide clues into the dynamics of the phase-separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Negro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Gonnella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Lamura
- Istituto Applicazioni Calcolo, CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S Busuioc
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara, Bd. Vasile Pârvan 4, 300223 Timişoara, Romania
| | - V Sofonea
- Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy, Bd. Mihai Viteazul 24, 300223 Timişoara, Romania
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Duan Z, Jiao Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhai H. Effects of hole shape and bottom gap on the flow characteristics behind butterfly porous fence and its application in dust diffusion control in large open-air piles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56148-56160. [PMID: 36913021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In view of the possible dust pollution of atmospheric caused by large open-air piles, a scheme of using butterfly porous fences is proposed. Based on the actual cause of large open-air piles, this study makes an in-depth study on the wind shielding effect of butterfly porous fences. The effects of hole shape and bottom gap on the flow characteristics are investigated behind the butterfly porous fence with the porosity of 0.273 through the combined methods of computational fluid dynamics and validating PIV experiments. The streamlines distribution and X-velocity behind the porous fence of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results and based on the research group's previous work, the numerical model is feasible. The concept of the wind reduction ratio is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the wind shielding effect of the porous fence. The results show that the butterfly porous fence with circular holes provided the best shelter effect with the wind reduction ratio of 78.34%, and the optimal bottom gap ratio is about 0.075 with the highest wind reduction ratio of 80.1%. When a butterfly porous fence is applied on site, the diffusion range of dust in open-air piles is significantly reduced compared with that without a fence. In conclusion, the circular holes with the bottom gap ratio of 0.075 are suitable for the butterfly porous fence in practical applications and provide a solution for wind-induced control in large open-air piles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Duan
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiheng Jiao
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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Kavle P, Zorn JA, Dasgupta A, Wang B, Ramesh M, Chen LQ, Martin LW. Strain-Driven Mixed-Phase Domain Architectures and Topological Transitions in Pb 1- x Sr x TiO 3 Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203469. [PMID: 35917499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential for creating hierarchical domain structures, or mixtures of energetically degenerate phases with distinct patterns that can be modified continually, in ferroelectric thin films offers a pathway to control their mesoscale structure beyond lattice-mismatch strain with a substrate. Here, it is demonstrated that varying the strontium content provides deterministic strain-driven control of hierarchical domain structures in Pb1- x Srx TiO3 solid-solution thin films wherein two types, c/a and a1 /a2 , of nanodomains can coexist. Combining phase-field simulations, epitaxial thin-film growth, detailed structural, domain, and physical-property characterization, it is observed that the system undergoes a gradual transformation (with increasing strontium content) from droplet-like a1 /a2 domains in a c/a domain matrix, to a connected-labyrinth geometry of c/a domains, to a disconnected labyrinth structure of the same, and, finally, to droplet-like c/a domains in an a1 /a2 domain matrix. A relationship between the different mixed-phase modulation patterns and its topological nature is established. Annealing the connected-labyrinth structure leads to domain coarsening forming distinctive regions of parallel c/a and a1 /a2 domain stripes, offering additional design flexibility. Finally, it is found that the connected-labyrinth domain patterns exhibit the highest dielectric permittivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kavle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jacob A Zorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Arvind Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Bedeaux D, Kjelstrup S. Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorems for Multiphase Flow in Porous Media. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 24:46. [PMID: 35052072 PMCID: PMC8774567 DOI: 10.3390/e24010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A thermodynamic description of porous media must handle the size- and shape-dependence of media properties, in particular on the nano-scale. Such dependencies are typically due to the presence of immiscible phases, contact areas and contact lines. We propose a way to obtain average densities suitable for integration on the course-grained scale, by applying Hill's thermodynamics of small systems to the subsystems of the medium. We argue that the average densities of the porous medium, when defined in a proper way, obey the Gibbs equation. All contributions are additive or weakly coupled. From the Gibbs equation and the balance equations, we then derive the entropy production in the standard way, for transport of multi-phase fluids in a non-deformable, porous medium exposed to differences in boundary pressures, temperatures, and chemical potentials. Linear relations between thermodynamic fluxes and forces follow for the control volume. Fluctuation-dissipation theorems are formulated for the first time, for the fluctuating contributions to fluxes in the porous medium. These give an added possibility for determination of the Onsager conductivity matrix for transport through porous media. Practical possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Bedeaux
- PoreLab, Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Talbi M, Prat M. Coupling between internal and external mass transfer during stage-1 evaporation in capillary porous media: Interfacial resistance approach. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:055102. [PMID: 34942821 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.055102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The coupling boundary condition to be imposed at the evaporative surface of a porous medium is studied from pore network simulations considering the capillary regime. This paper highlights the formation of a thin edge effect region of smaller saturation along the evaporative surface. It is shown that this thin region forms in the breakthrough period at the very beginning of the drying process. The size of this region is studied and shown to be not network size dependent. This region is shown to be the locus of a nonlocal equilibrium effect. The features lead to the consideration of a coupling boundary condition involving an interfacial mass transfer resistance and an external mass transfer resistance. Contrary to previous considerations, it is shown that both resistances depend on the variation of the saturation, i.e., the fluid topology, and the size of the external mass transfer layer, i.e., the mass transfer rate. This is explained by the evolution of the vapor partial pressure distribution at the surface which becomes increasingly heterogeneous during evaporation and depends on both the evolving fluid distribution in the interfacial region and the mass transfer rate. However, the geometric effects due to the configuration of the fluids can be separated from rate effects that arise due to the nonequilibrium mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Talbi
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse,Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Prat
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse,Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
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Smith A, Zavala VM. The Euler characteristic: A general topological descriptor for complex data. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In geologic, biologic, and engineering porous media, bubbles (or droplets, ganglia) emerge in the aftermath of flow, phase change, or chemical reactions, where capillary equilibrium of bubbles significantly impacts the hydraulic, transport, and reactive processes. There has previously been great progress in general understanding of capillarity in porous media, but specific investigation into bubbles is lacking. Here, we propose a conceptual model of a bubble's capillary equilibrium associated with free energy inside a porous medium. We quantify the multistability and hysteretic behaviors of a bubble induced by multiple state variables and study the impacts of pore geometry and wettability. Surprisingly, our model provides a compact explanation of counterintuitive observations that bubble populations within porous media can be thermodynamically stable despite their large specific area by analyzing the relationship between free energy and bubble volume. This work provides a perspective for understanding dispersed fluids in porous media that is relevant to CO2 sequestration, petroleum recovery, and fuel cells, among other applications.
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Effect of Saturation and Image Resolution on Representative Elementary Volume and Topological Quantification: An Experimental Study on Bentheimer Sandstone Using Micro-CT. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Estimating Fluid Saturations from Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability Simulations Using Digital Rock. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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