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Divya K, Thangaraj M, Krishna Radhika N. CRISPR/Cas9: an advanced platform for root and tuber crops improvement. Front Genome Ed 2024; 5:1242510. [PMID: 38312197 PMCID: PMC10836405 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1242510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Root and tuber crops (RTCs), which include cassava, potato, sweet potato, and yams, principally function as staple crops for a considerable fraction of the world population, in addition to their diverse applications in nutrition, industry, and bioenergy sectors. Even then, RTCs are an underutilized group considering their potential as industrial raw material. Complexities in conventional RTC improvement programs curb the extensive exploitation of the potentials of this group of crop species for food, energy production, value addition, and sustainable development. Now, with the advent of whole-genome sequencing, sufficient sequence data are available for cassava, sweet potato, and potato. These genomic resources provide enormous scope for the improvement of tuber crops, to make them better suited for agronomic and industrial applications. There has been remarkable progress in RTC improvement through the deployment of new strategies like gene editing over the last decade. This review brings out the major areas where CRISPR/Cas technology has improved tuber crops. Strategies for genetic transformation of RTCs with CRISPR/Cas9 constructs and regeneration of edited lines and the bottlenecks encountered in their establishment are also discussed. Certain attributes of tuber crops requiring focus in future research along with putative editing targets are also indicated. Altogether, this review provides a comprehensive account of developments achieved, future lines of research, bottlenecks, and major experimental concerns regarding the establishment of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in RTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Divya
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - N Krishna Radhika
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Xiao Y, Wang S, Ali A, Shan N, Luo S, Sun J, Zhang H, Xie G, Shen S, Huang Y, Zhou Q. Cultivation pattern affects starch structure and physicochemical properties of yam (Dioscorea persimilis). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125004. [PMID: 37217061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major food source in many countries due to its tuber rich in starch (60 %-89 % of the dry weight) and various important micronutrients. Orientation Supergene Cultivation (OSC) pattern is a simple and efficient cultivation mode developed in China in recent years. However, little is known about its effect on yam tuber starch. In this study, the starchy tuber yield, starch structure and physicochemical properties were compared and analyzed in detail between OSC and Traditional Vertical Cultivation (TVC) with Dioscorea persimilis "zhugaoshu", a widely cultivated variety. The results proved that OSC significantly increased tuber yield (23.76 %-31.86 %) and commodity quality (more smooth skin) compared with TVC in three consecutive years of field experiments. Moreover, OSC increased amylopectin content, resistant starch content, granule average diameter and average degree of crystallinity by 2.7 %, 5.8 %, 14.7 % and 9.5 %, respectively, while OSC decreased starch molecular weight (Mw). These traits resulted in starch with lower thermal properties (To, Tp, Tc, ΔHgel), but higher pasting properties (PV, TV). Our results indicated that cultivation pattern affected the yam production and starch physicochemical properties. It would not only provide a practical basis for OSC promotion, but also provide valuable information on how to guide the yam starch end use in food and non-food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, QLD 4880, Australia
| | - Asjad Ali
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, QLD 4880, Australia
| | - Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Shaohua Shen
- Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and Tuber Crops Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Sousa MBE, Filho JSS, de Andrade LRB, de Oliveira EJ. Near-infrared spectroscopy for early selection of waxy cassava clones via seed analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1089759. [PMID: 36755702 PMCID: PMC9900181 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1089759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch consists of amylopectin and amylose, with its properties determined by the proportion of these two polymers. Waxy starches contain at least 95% amylopectin. In the food industry, waxy starches are advantageous, with pastes that are more stable towards retrogradation, while high-amylose starches are used as resistant starches. This study aimed to associate near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) spectra with the waxy phenotype in cassava seeds and develop an accurate classification model for indirect selection of plants. A total of 1127 F2 seeds were obtained from controlled crosses performed between 77 F1 genotypes (wild-type, Wx_). Seeds were individually identified, and spectral data were obtained via NIRS using a benchtop NIRFlex N-500 and a portable SCiO device spectrometer. Four classification models were assessed for waxy cassava genotype identification: k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), C5.0 decision tree (CDT), parallel random forest (parRF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Spectral data were divided between a training set (80%) and a testing set (20%). The accuracy, based on NIRFlex N-500 spectral data, ranged from 0.86 (parRF) to 0.92 (XGB). The Kappa index displayed a similar trend as the accuracy, considering the lowest value for the parRF method (0.39) and the highest value for XGB (0.71). For the SCiO device, the accuracy (0.88-0.89) was similar among the four models evaluated. However, the Kappa index was lower than that of the NIRFlex N-500, and this index ranged from 0 (parRF) to 0.16 (KNN and CDT). Therefore, despite the high accuracy these last models are incapable of correctly classifying waxy and non-waxy clones based on the SCiO device spectra. A confusion matrix was performed to demonstrate the classification model results in the testing set. For both NIRS, the models were efficient in classifying non-waxy clones, with values ranging from 96-100%. However, the NIRS differed in the potential to predict waxy genotype class. For the NIRFlex N-500, the percentage ranged from 30% (parRF) to 70% (XGB). In general, the models tended to classify waxy genotypes as non-waxy, mainly SCiO. Therefore, the use of NIRS can perform early selection of cassava seeds with a waxy phenotype.
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Papathoti NK, Mendam K, Sriram Kanduri BH, Thepbandit W, Sangpueak R, Saengchan C, Hoang NH, Megavath VS, Kurakula M, Le Thanh T, Buensanteai N. Investigation of bioactive compounds from Bacillus sp. against protein homologs CDC42 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease in cassava by using molecular docking and dynamics studies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1010603. [PMID: 36213126 PMCID: PMC9537347 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, is an economically valuable crop and important staple food, grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Demand for cassava in the food and fuel industry is growing worldwide. However, anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides severely affects cassava yield and production. The bioactive molecules from Bacillus are widely used to control fungal diseases in several plants. Therefore, in this study, bioactive compounds (erucamide, behenic acid, palmitic acid, phenylacetic acid, and β-sitosterol) from Bacillus megaterium were assessed against CDC42, a key protein for virulence, from C. gloeosporioides. Structure of the CDC42 protein was generated through the comparative homology modeling method. The binding site of the ligands and the stability of the complex were analyzed through docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies, respectively. Furthermore, a protein interaction network was envisaged through the STRING database, followed by enrichment analysis in the WebGestalt tool. From the enrichment analysis, it is apparent that bioactive from B. megaterium chiefly targets the MAP kinase pathway that is essential for filamentous growth and virulence. Further exploration through experimental studies could be advantageous for cassava improvement as well as to combat against C. gloeosporioides pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Papathoti
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kishore Mendam
- Department of Zoology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Wannaporn Thepbandit
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Sangpueak
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanon Saengchan
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Vineela Sai Megavath
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuri Kurakula
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Toan Le Thanh
- Department of Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Natthiya Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Natthiya Buensanteai,
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Seung D. Amylose in starch: towards an understanding of biosynthesis, structure and function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1490-1504. [PMID: 32767769 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch granules are composed of two distinct glucose polymers - amylose and amylopectin. Amylose constitutes 5-35% of most natural starches and has a major influence over starch properties in foods. Its synthesis and storage occurs within the semicrystalline amylopectin matrix of starch granules, this poses a great challenge for biochemical and structural analyses. However, the last two decades have seen vast progress in understanding amylose synthesis, including new insights into the action of GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS), the major glucosyltransferase that synthesises amylose, and the discovery of PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH1 (PTST1) that targets GBSS to starch granules. Advances in analytical techniques have resolved the fine structure of amylose, raising new questions on how structure is determined during biosynthesis. Furthermore, the discovery of wild plants that do not produce amylose revives a long-standing question of why starch granules contain amylose, rather than amylopectin alone. Overall, these findings contribute towards a full understanding of amylose biosynthesis, structure and function that will be essential for future approaches to improve starch quality in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Physicochemical and structural properties of low-amylose Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) starches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:427-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhou W, Zhao S, He S, Ma Q, Lu X, Hao X, Wang H, Yang J, Zhang P. Production of very-high-amylose cassava by post-transcriptional silencing of branching enzyme genes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:832-846. [PMID: 31180179 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High amylose starch can be produced by plants deficient in the function of branching enzymes (BEs). Here we report the production of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with starches containing up to 50% amylose due to the constitutive expression of hair-pin dsRNAs targeting the BE1 or BE2 genes. All BE1-RNAi plant lines (BE1i) and BE2-RNAi plant lines (BE2i) were grown up in the field, but with reduced total biomass production. Considerably high amylose content in the storage roots of BE2i plant lines was achieved. Storage starch granules of BE1i and BE2i plants had similar morphology as wild type (WT), however, the size of BE1i starch granules were bigger than that of WT. Comparisons of amylograms and thermograms of all three sources of storage starches revealed dramatic changes to the pasting properties and a higher melting temperature for BE2i starches. Glucan chain length distribution analysis showed a slight increase in chains of DP>36 in BE1i lines and a dramatic increase in glucan chains between DP 10-20 and DP>40 in BE2i lines. Furthermore, BE2i starches displayed a B-type X-ray diffraction pattern instead of the A-type pattern found in BE1i and WT starches. Therefore, cassava BE1 and BE2 function differently in storage root starch biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Shutao He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinlu Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Seung D, Echevarría-Poza A, Steuernagel B, Smith AM. Natural Polymorphisms in Arabidopsis Result in Wide Variation or Loss of the Amylose Component of Starch. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:870-881. [PMID: 31694903 PMCID: PMC6997676 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Starch granules contain two Glc polymers, amylopectin and amylose. Amylose makes up approximately 10% to 30% (w/w) of all natural starches thus far examined, but mutants of crop and model plants that produce amylose-free starch are generally indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts with respect to growth, starch content, and granule morphology. Since the function and adaptive significance of amylose are unknown, we asked whether there is natural genetic variation in amylose synthesis within a wild, uncultivated species. We examined polymorphisms among the 1,135 sequenced accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS), encoding the enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis. We identified 18 accessions that are predicted to have polymorphisms in GBSS that affect protein function, and five of these accessions produced starch with no or extremely low amylose (< 0.5% [w/w]). Eight further accessions had amylose contents that were significantly lower or higher than that of Col-0 (9% [w/w]), ranging from 5% to 12% (w/w). We examined the effect of the polymorphisms on GBSS function and uncovered three mechanisms by which GBSS sequence variation led to different amylose contents: (1) altered GBSS abundance, (2) altered GBSS activity, and (3) altered affinity of GBSS for binding PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH1-a protein that targets GBSS to starch granules. These findings demonstrate that amylose in leaves is not essential for the viability of some naturally occurring Arabidopsis genotypes, at least over short timescales and under some environmental conditions and open an opportunity to explore the adaptive significance of amylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seung
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alison M Smith
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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9
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Rheological characteristics and genotype correlation of cassava root for very high gravity ethanol production: The influence of cassava varieties and harvest times. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:105-116. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tappiban P, Smith DR, Triwitayakorn K, Bao J. Recent understanding of starch biosynthesis in cassava for quality improvement: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Hsieh CF, Liu W, Whaley JK, Shi YC. Structure, properties, and potential applications of waxy tapioca starches – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Bull SE, Seung D, Chanez C, Mehta D, Kuon JE, Truernit E, Hochmuth A, Zurkirchen I, Zeeman SC, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H. Accelerated ex situ breeding of GBSS- and PTST1-edited cassava for modified starch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat6086. [PMID: 30191180 PMCID: PMC6124905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat6086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Crop diversification required to meet demands for food security and industrial use is often challenged by breeding time and amenability of varieties to genome modification. Cassava is one such crop. Grown for its large starch-rich storage roots, it serves as a staple food and a commodity in the multibillion-dollar starch industry. Starch is composed of the glucose polymers amylopectin and amylose, with the latter strongly influencing the physicochemical properties of starch during cooking and processing. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9)-mediated targeted mutagenesis of two genes involved in amylose biosynthesis, PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH (PTST1) or GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS), can reduce or eliminate amylose content in root starch. Integration of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T gene in the genome-editing cassette allowed us to accelerate flowering-an event seldom seen under glasshouse conditions. Germinated seeds yielded S1, a transgene-free progeny that inherited edited genes. This attractive new plant breeding technique for modified cassava could be extended to other crops to provide a suite of novel varieties with useful traits for food and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E. Bull
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (S.E.B.); (H.V.)
| | - David Seung
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Chanez
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Devang Mehta
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel-Elias Kuon
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Truernit
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Hochmuth
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Zurkirchen
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Zeeman
- Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Corresponding author. (S.E.B.); (H.V.)
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Karlström A, Belalcazar J, Sánchez T, Lenis JI, Moreno JL, Pizarro M, Ricci J, Dufour D, Tran T, Ceballos H. Impact of Environment and Genotype-by-Environment Interaction on Functional Properties of Amylose-Free and Wildtype Cassava Starches. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Karlström
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Alnarp Sweden
| | - John Belalcazar
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
| | - Teresa Sánchez
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
| | - Jorge I. Lenis
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
| | - John L. Moreno
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
| | - Mónica Pizarro
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
| | - Julien Ricci
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD); UMR Qualisud; Montpellier France
| | - Dominique Dufour
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD); UMR Qualisud; Montpellier France
| | - Thierry Tran
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD); UMR Qualisud; Montpellier France
| | - Hernán Ceballos
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT); CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB); Programa de Yuca (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali Palmira Colombia
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Utsumi Y, Utsumi C, Tanaka M, Ha VT, Matsui A, Takahashi S, Seki M. Formation of friable embryogenic callus in cassava is enhanced under conditions of reduced nitrate, potassium and phosphate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180736. [PMID: 28806727 PMCID: PMC5555663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is an important research tool for the genetic improvement of cassava. The induction of friable embryogenic callus (FEC) is considered as a key step in cassava transformation. In the present study, the media composition was optimized for enhancing the FEC induction, and the effect of the optimized medium on gene expression was evaluated. In relative comparison to MS medium, results demonstrated that using a medium with reducing nutrition (a 10-fold less concentration of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphate), the increased amount of vitamin B1 (10 mg/L) and the use of picrolam led to reprogram non-FEC to FEC. Gene expression analyses revealed that FEC on modified media increased the expression of genes related to the regulation of polysaccharide biosynthesis and breakdown of cell wall components in comparison to FEC on normal CIM media, whereas the gene expression associated with energy flux was not dramatically altered. It is hypothesized that we reprogram non-FEC to FEC under low nitrogen, potassium and phosphate and high vitamin B1. These findings were more effective in inducing FEC formation than the previous protocol. It might contribute to development of an efficient transformation strategy in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Vu The Ha
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641–12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Li S, Cui Y, Zhou Y, Luo Z, Liu J, Zhao M. The industrial applications of cassava: current status, opportunities and prospects. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2282-2290. [PMID: 28233322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a drought-tolerant, staple food crop that is grown in tropical and subtropical areas. As an important raw material, cassava is a valuable food source in developing countries and is also extensively employed for producing starch, bioethanol and other bio-based products (e.g. feed, medicine, cosmetics and biopolymers). These cassava-based industries also generate large quantities of wastes/residues rich in organic matter and suspended solids, providing great potential for conversion into value-added products through biorefinery. However, the community of cassava researchers is relatively small and there is very limited information on cassava. Therefore this review summarizes current knowledge on the system biology, economic value, nutritional quality and industrial applications of cassava and its wastes in an attempt to accelerate understanding of the basic biology of cassava. The review also discusses future perspectives with respect to integrating and utilizing cassava information resources for increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of cassava industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyan Cui
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiting Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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16
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Pulido Díaz A, Lourdin D, Della Valle G, Fernández Quintero A, Ceballos H, Tran T, Dufour D. Thermomechanical characterization of an amylose-free starch extracted from cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1777-1784. [PMID: 27987895 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the melting (Tm), glass transition (Tg) and mechanical relaxation (Tα) temperatures of a new waxy cassava starch. Thermal transitions measurements were obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). The experimental data showed a high correlation between water volume fraction and melting temperature (Tm) indicating that the Flory-Huggins theory can be used to describe the thermal behavior of this starch. The Tm of waxy cassava starch-water mixes were lower than a waxy corn starch-water reference system, but differences were not statistically significant. The mechanical relaxation temperatures taken at tan δ peaks were found 29-38°C larger than Tg. The Tα and Tg measured for waxy cassava starch exhibited similar properties to the ones of waxy corn starch, implying that waxy cassava starch can be used in food and materials industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pulido Díaz
- Universidad del Valle (Univalle), Escuela Ingeniería de Alimentos Edificio 338, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Denis Lourdin
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | - Guy Della Valle
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Hernán Ceballos
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Thierry Tran
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Dominique Dufour
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cassava Program, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Cali, Colombia.
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17
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Chavarriaga-Aguirre P, Brand A, Medina A, Prías M, Escobar R, Martinez J, Díaz P, López C, Roca WM, Tohme J. The potential of using biotechnology to improve cassava: a review. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2016; 52:461-478. [PMID: 27818605 PMCID: PMC5071364 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-016-9776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cassava as the fourth largest source of calories in the world requires that contributions of biotechnology to improving this crop, advances and current challenges, be periodically reviewed. Plant biotechnology offers a wide range of opportunities that can help cassava become a better crop for a constantly changing world. We therefore review the state of knowledge on the current use of biotechnology applied to cassava cultivars and its implications for breeding the crop into the future. The history of the development of the first transgenic cassava plant serves as the basis to explore molecular aspects of somatic embryogenesis and friable embryogenic callus production. We analyze complex plant-pathogen interactions to profit from such knowledge to help cassava fight bacterial diseases and look at candidate genes possibly involved in resistance to viruses and whiteflies-the two most important traits of cassava. The review also covers the analyses of main achievements in transgenic-mediated nutritional improvement and mass production of healthy plants by tissue culture and synthetic seeds. Finally, the perspectives of using genome editing and the challenges associated to climate change for further improving the crop are discussed. During the last 30 yr, great advances have been made in cassava using biotechnology, but they need to scale out of the proof of concept to the fields of cassava growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chavarriaga-Aguirre
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Brand
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Adriana Medina
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Mónica Prías
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Roosevelt Escobar
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan Martinez
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Paula Díaz
- Biology Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03. Edificio 421, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo López
- Biology Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03. Edificio 421, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Willy M Roca
- International Potato Center-CIP, Av. La Molina 1895, Lima 12, P.O. Box 1558, Lima, Perú
| | - Joe Tohme
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, International Center for tropical Agriculture-CIAT, AA 6713 Cali, Colombia
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18
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Morante N, Ceballos H, Sánchez T, Rolland-Sabaté A, Calle F, Hershey C, Gibert O, Dufour D. Discovery of new spontaneous sources of amylose-free cassava starch and analysis of their structure and techno-functional properties. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Nada RM. Novel recombinant binary vectors harbouring Basta (bar) gene as a plant selectable marker for genetic transformation of plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:241-251. [PMID: 27436915 PMCID: PMC4938827 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation is one of the most widely used technique in crop improvement. However, most of the binary vectors used in this technique, especially cloning based, contain antibiotic genes as selection marker that raise serious consumer and environmental concerns; moreover, they could be transferred to non-target hosts with deleterious effects. Therefore, the goal of this study was reconstruction of the widely used pBI121 binary vector by substituting the harmful antibiotic selection marker gene with a less-harmful selection marker, Basta (herbicide resistance gene). The generated vectors were designated as pBI121NB and pBI121CB, in which Basta gene was expressed under the control of Nos or CaMV 35S promoter, respectively. The successful integration of the new inserts into both the vectors was confirmed by PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing. Both these vectors were used in transforming Arabidopsis, Egyptian wheat and barley varieties using LBA4404 and GV3101 Agrobacterium strains. The surfactant Tween-20 resulted in an efficient transformation and the number of Arabidopsis transformants was about 6-9 %. Soaked seeds of wheat and barley were transformed with Agrobacterium to introduce the bacteria to the growing shoot apices. The percentage of transgenic lines was around 16-17 and 14-15 % for wheat and barley, respectively. The quantitative studies presented in this work showed that both LBA4404 and GV3101 strains were suitable for transforming Egyptian wheat and barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M. Nada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517 Egypt
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20
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Wang X, Chang L, Tong Z, Wang D, Yin Q, Wang D, Jin X, Yang Q, Wang L, Sun Y, Huang Q, Guo A, Peng M. Proteomics Profiling Reveals Carbohydrate Metabolic Enzymes and 14-3-3 Proteins Play Important Roles for Starch Accumulation during Cassava Root Tuberization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19643. [PMID: 26791570 PMCID: PMC4726164 DOI: 10.1038/srep19643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassava is one of the most important root crops as a reliable source of food and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation in cassava storage root is a cascade process that includes large amounts of proteins and cofactors. Here, comparative proteomics were conducted in cassava root at nine developmental stages. A total of 154 identified proteins were found to be differentially expressed during starch accumulation and root tuberization. Many enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated, and functional classification of the differentially expressed proteins demonstrated that the majority were binding-related enzymes. Many proteins were took part in carbohydrate metabolism to produce energy. Among them, three 14-3-3 isoforms were induced to be clearly phosphorylated during storage root enlargement. Overexpression of a cassava 14-3-3 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the older leaves of these transgenic plants contained higher sugar and starch contents than the wild-type leaves. The 14-3-3 proteins and their binding enzymes may play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation during cassava root tuberization. These results not only deepened our understanding of the tuberous root proteome, but also uncovered new insights into carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation during cassava root enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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21
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Karlström A, Calle F, Salazar S, Morante N, Dufour D, Ceballos H. Biological Implications in Cassava for the Production of Amylose-Free Starch: Impact on Root Yield and Related Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:604. [PMID: 27242813 PMCID: PMC4873506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is an important food security crop, but it is becoming an important raw material for different industrial applications. Cassava is the second most important source of starch worldwide. Novel starch properties are of interest to the starch industry, and one them is the recently identified amylose-free (waxy) cassava starch. Waxy mutants have been found in different crops and have been often associated with a yield penalty. There are ongoing efforts to develop commercial cassava varieties with amylose-free starch. However, little information is available regarding the biological and agronomic implications of starch mutations in cassava, nor in other root and tuber crops. In this study, siblings from eight full-sib families, segregating for the waxy trait, were used to determine if the mutation has implications for yield, dry matter content (DMC) and harvest index in cassava. A total of 87 waxy and 87 wild-type starch genotypes from the eight families were used in the study. The only significant effect of starch type was on DMC (p < 0.01), with waxy clones having a 0.8% lower content than their wild type counterparts. There was no effect of starch type on fresh root yield (FRY), adjusted FRY and harvest index. It is not clear if lower DMC is a pleiotropic effect of the waxy starch mutation or else the result of linked genes introgressed along with the mutation. It is expected that commercial waxy cassava varieties will have competitive FRYs but special efforts will be required to attain adequate DMCs. This study contributes to the limited knowledge available of the impact of starch mutations on the agronomic performance of root and tuber crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Karlström
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, AlnarpSweden
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PalmiraColombia
| | - Fernando Calle
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PalmiraColombia
| | - Sandra Salazar
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PalmiraColombia
| | - Nelson Morante
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PalmiraColombia
| | - Dominique Dufour
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PalmiraColombia
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR Qualisud, MontpellierFrance
| | - Hernán Ceballos
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PalmiraColombia
- *Correspondence: Hernán Ceballos,
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Dedicova B, Bermudez C, Prias M, Zuniga E, Brondani C. High-throughput transformation pipeline for a Brazilian japonica rice with bar gene selection. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1071-83. [PMID: 25488347 PMCID: PMC4491359 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to establish a transformation pipeline for upland Curinga rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) with bar gene selection employing bialaphos and phosphinothricin as selection agents. The following genes of interest: AtNCED3, Lsi1, GLU2, LEW2, PLD-alpha, DA1, TOR, AVP1, and Rubisco were cloned into the binary vector p7i2x-Ubi and were transferred into Agrobacterium strain EHA 105. Embryogenic calli derived from the mature embryos were transformed, and transgenic cells and shoots were selected on the medium supplemented with bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT) using a stepwise selection scheme. Molecular analyses were established using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot for the bar gene and the NOS terminator. Overall, 273 putative transgenic plants were analyzed by Southern blot with 134 events identified. In total, 77 events had a single copy of the transgene integrated in the plant genome while 29 events had two copies. We tested backbone integration in 101 transgenic plants from all constructs and found 60 transgenic plants having no additional sequence integrated in the plant genome. The bar gene activity was evaluated by the chlorophenol red test and the leaf painting test using phosphinothricin with several transgenic plants. The majority of T0 plants carrying the single copy of transgene produced T1 seeds in the screen house.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dedicova
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia,
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23
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Zhu F. Composition, structure, physicochemical properties, and modifications of cassava starch. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:456-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Uchechukwu-Agua AD, Caleb OJ, Opara UL. Postharvest Handling and Storage of Fresh Cassava Root and Products: a Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic transformation of plants is an indispensable technique used for fundamental research and crop improvement. Recent advances in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) transformation have facilitated the effective generation of stably transformed cassava plants with favorable traits. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable, embryogenic callus has evolved to become the most widely used approach and has been adopted by research laboratories in Africa. This procedure utilizes axillary meristem tissue (buds) to produce primary and secondary somatic embryos and subsequently friable, embryogenic callus. Agrobacterium harboring a binary expression cassette is used to transform this tissue, which is regenerated via cotyledons and shoot organogenesis to produce rooted in vitro plantlets. This chapter details each step of the procedure using the model cultivar 60444 and provides supplementary notes to successfully produce transgenic cassava.
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Nyaboga E, Njiru J, Nguu E, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H, Tripathi L. Unlocking the potential of tropical root crop biotechnology in east Africa by establishing a genetic transformation platform for local farmer-preferred cassava cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:526. [PMID: 24400011 PMCID: PMC3872047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cassava genetic transformation capacity is still mostly restricted to advanced laboratories in the USA, Europe and China; and its implementation and maintenance in African laboratories has remained scarce. The impact of transgenic technologies for genetic improvement of cassava will depend largely on the transfer of such capabilities to researchers in Africa, where cassava has an important socioeconomic niche. A major constraint to the development of genetic transformation technologies for cassava improvement has been the lack of an efficient and robust transformation and regeneration system. Despite the success achieved in genetic modification of few cassava cultivars, including the model cultivar 60444, transgenic cassava production remains difficult for farmer-preferred cultivars. In this study, a protocol for cultivar 60444 developed at ETH Zurich was successfully implemented and optimized to establish transformation of farmer-preferred cassava cultivars popular in east Africa. The conditions for production and proliferation of friable embryogenic calli (FEC) and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were optimized for three east African farmer-preferred cultivars (Ebwanatereka, Kibandameno and Serere). Our results demonstrated transformation efficiencies of about 14-22 independent transgenic lines per 100 mg of FEC for farmer-preferred cultivars in comparison to 28 lines per 100 mg of the model cultivar 60444. The presence, integration and expression of the transgenes were confirmed by PCR, Southern blot analysis and histochemical GUS assay. This study reports the establishment of a cassava transformation platform at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) hosted by Biosciences eastern and central Africa (BecA) hub in Kenya and provides the basis for transferring important traits such as virus resistance and prolonged shelf-life to farmer-preferred cultivars in east Africa. We anticipate that such platform will also be instrumental to transfer technologies to national agricultural research systems (NARS) in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Nyaboga
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Eidgenössische Technische HochschuleZurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of NairobiNairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Njiru
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobi, Kenya
| | - Edward Nguu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of NairobiNairobi, Kenya
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Eidgenössische Technische HochschuleZurich, Switzerland
| | - Herve Vanderschuren
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Eidgenössische Technische HochschuleZurich, Switzerland
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobi, Kenya
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27
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Rolland-Sabaté A, Sanchez T, Buléon A, Colonna P, Ceballos H, Zhao SS, Zhang P, Dufour D. Molecular and supra-molecular structure of waxy starches developed from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chetty C, Rossin C, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H, Rey M. Empowering biotechnology in southern Africa: establishment of a robust transformation platform for the production of transgenic industry-preferred cassava. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Koehorst-van Putten HJJ, Wolters AMA, Pereira-Bertram IM, van den Berg HHJ, van der Krol AR, Visser RGF. Cloning and characterization of a tuberous root-specific promoter from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). PLANTA 2012; 236:1955-1965. [PMID: 23132522 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a tuberous root-specific promoter to be used in the transformation of cassava, a 1,728 bp sequence containing the cassava granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) promoter was isolated. The sequence proved to contain light- and sugar-responsive cis elements. Part of this sequence (1,167 bp) was cloned into binary vectors to drive expression of the firefly luciferase gene. Cassava cultivar Adira 4 was transformed with this construct or a control construct in which the luciferase gene was cloned behind the 35S promoter. Luciferase activity was measured in leaves, stems, roots and tuberous roots. As expected, the 35S promoter induced luciferase activity in all organs at similar levels, whereas the GBSSI promoter showed very low expression in leaves, stems and roots, but very high expression in tuberous roots. These results show that the cassava GBSSI promoter is an excellent candidate to achieve tuberous root-specific expression in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herma J J Koehorst-van Putten
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Center, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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How to deal with the upcoming challenges in GMO detection in food and feed. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:402418. [PMID: 23193359 PMCID: PMC3485584 DOI: 10.1155/2012/402418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotech crops are the fastest adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture. The commercialisation of GMO is in many countries strictly regulated laying down the need for traceability and labelling. To comply with these legislations, detection methods are needed. To date, GM events have been developed by the introduction of a transgenic insert (i.e., promoter, coding sequence, terminator) into the plant genome and real-time PCR is the detection method of choice. However, new types of genetic elements will be used to construct new GMO and new crops will be transformed. Additionally, the presence of unauthorised GMO in food and feed samples might increase in the near future. To enable enforcement laboratories to continue detecting all GM events and to obtain an idea of the possible presence of unauthorised GMO in a food and feed sample, an intensive screening will become necessary. A pragmatic, cost-effective, and time-saving approach is presented here together with an overview of the evolution of the GMO and the upcoming needs.
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Zainuddin IM, Schlegel K, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H. Robust transformation procedure for the production of transgenic farmer-preferred cassava landraces. PLANT METHODS 2012; 8:24. [PMID: 22784378 PMCID: PMC3439245 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-8-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in cassava transformation has allowed the robust production of transgenic cassava even under suboptimal plant tissue culture conditions. The transformation protocol has so far been used mostly for the cassava model cultivar 60444 because of its good regeneration capacity of embryogenic tissues. However, for deployment and adoption of transgenic cassava in the field it is important to develop robust transformation methods for farmer- and industry-preferred landraces and cultivars. Because dynamics of multiplication and regeneration of embryogenic tissues differ between cassava genotypes, it was necessary to adapt the efficient cv. 60444 transformation protocol to genotypes that are more recalcitrant to transformation. Here we demonstrate that an improved cassava transformation protocol for cv. 60444 could be successfully modified for production of transgenic farmer-preferred cassava landraces. The modified transformation method reports on procedures for optimization and is likely transferable to other cassava genotypes reportedly recalcitrant to transformation provided production of high quality FEC. Because the three farmer-preferred cassava landraces selected in this study have been identified as resistant or tolerant to cassava mosaic disease (CMD), the adapted protocol will be essential to mobilize improved traits into cassava genotypes suitable for regions where CMD limits production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ima M Zainuddin
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim Schlegel
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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