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Barbosa JMG, de Mendonça DR, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, de Oliveira AE, Lopes WDZ, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, Antoniosi Filho NR. A cerumenolomic approach to bovine trypanosomosis diagnosis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:42. [PMID: 35739279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax, subgenus Duttonella) is a burden disease in bovines that induces losses of billions of dollars in livestock activity worldwide. To control the disease, the first step is identifying the infected animals at early stages. However, convention tools for animal infection detection by T. vivax present some challenges, facilitating the spread of the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES This work aims to develop a new procedure to identify infected bovines by T. vivax using cerumen (earwax) in a volatilomic approach, here named cerumenolomic, which is performed in an easy, quick, accurate, and non-invasive manner. METHODS Seventy-eight earwax samples from Brazilian Curraleiro Pé-Duro calves were collected in a longitudinal study protocol during health and inoculated stages. The samples were analyzed using Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis approaches. RESULTS The cerumen analyses lead to the identification of a broad spectrum of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs), of which 20 VOMs can discriminate between healthy and infected calves (AUC = 0.991, sensitivity = 0.967, specificity = 1.000). Furthermore, 13 VOMs can indicate a pattern of discrimination between the acute and chronic phases of the T. vivax infection in the animals (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity = 0.944, specificity = 1.000). CONCLUSION The cerumen volatile metabolites present alterations in their occurrence during the T.vivax infection, which may lead to identifying the infection in the first weeks of inoculation and discriminating between the acute and chronic phases of the illness. These results may be a breakthrough to avoid the T. vivax outbreak and provide a faster clinical approach to the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora Ribeiro de Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Lurian C David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Instituto de Química, UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Wang Q, Fu W, Liu X, Wang J, Feng C, Qiu S, Li X, Liu D, Zhu S, Lin X. Serum metabolomic profile in genetically modified cows carrying human α‑lactalbumin gene. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8833-8841. [PMID: 29039583 PMCID: PMC5779963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the serum metabolomic profiles in genetically modified cows carrying and expressing human lactalbumin α (LALBA) and non‑LALBA cows, and identify altered metabolic characteristics following the genetic modification. Serum biochemistry indexes were measured according to protocols recommended by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. The metabolomic profiles were determined using the serum samples collected from LALBA (n=6) and non‑LALBA cows (n=6). Welch's two‑sample t‑test was used to identify the metabolites that significantly differed between the LALBA and non‑LALBA groups (fold‑change ≠ 1 and P<0.05), followed by random forest and pathway analysis. The serum biochemistry indexes of LALBA and non‑LALBA cows were within the normal ranges of healthy cows. A total of 273 metabolites were detected, among which 79 metabolites, including 46 increased and 33 decreased metabolites, differed significantly between the LALBA and non‑LALBA groups. Random forest analysis identified 30 potential key metabolites, including 14 elevated and 16 reduced metabolites. These metabolites were primarily involved in pathways concerning the metabolism of leucine, isoleucine, valine, tryptophan and lipids, such as myristate and eicosapentaenoate. However, the serum in LALBA cow had unique metabolomic signature compared with non‑LALBA cows. The accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids, and the reduced levels of long chain saturated fatty acids in serum may benefit LALBA cows. However, further investigations are required to validate these benefits and the corresponding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Wuxi Kingenew Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic‑Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
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Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177675. [PMID: 28531195 PMCID: PMC5439675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to comprehensively measure large numbers of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and biofluids. The ability to rapidly detect and quantify hundreds or even thousands of metabolites within a single sample is helping scientists paint a far more complete picture of system-wide metabolism and biology. Metabolomics is also allowing researchers to focus on measuring the end-products of complex, hard-to-decipher genetic, epigenetic and environmental interactions. As a result, metabolomics has become an increasingly popular “omics” approach to assist with the robust phenotypic characterization of humans, crop plants and model organisms. Indeed, metabolomics is now routinely used in biomedical, nutritional and crop research. It is also being increasingly used in livestock research and livestock monitoring. The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively and objectively summarize the current status of livestock metabolomics and to identify emerging trends, preferred technologies and important gaps in the field. In conducting this review we also critically assessed the applications of livestock metabolomics in key areas such as animal health assessment, disease diagnosis, bioproduct characterization and biomarker discovery for highly desirable economic traits (i.e., feed efficiency, growth potential and milk production). A secondary goal of this critical review was to compile data on the known composition of the livestock metabolome (for 5 of the most common livestock species namely cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs). These data have been made available through an open access, comprehensive livestock metabolome database (LMDB, available at http://www.lmdb.ca). The LMDB should enable livestock researchers and producers to conduct more targeted metabolomic studies and to identify where further metabolome coverage is needed.
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Cooper CA, Maga EA, Murray JD. Production of human lactoferrin and lysozyme in the milk of transgenic dairy animals: past, present, and future. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:605-14. [PMID: 26059245 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering, which was first developed in the 1980s, allows for specific additions to animals' genomes that are not possible through conventional breeding. Using genetic engineering to improve agricultural animals was first suggested when the technology was in the early stages of development by Palmiter et al. (Nature 300:611-615, 1982). One of the first agricultural applications identified was generating transgenic dairy animals that could produce altered or novel proteins in their milk. Human milk contains high levels of antimicrobial proteins that are found in low concentrations in the milk of ruminants, including the antimicrobial proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are both part of the innate immune system and are secreted in tears, mucus, and throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Due to their antimicrobial properties and abundance in human milk, multiple lines of transgenic dairy animals that produce either human lactoferrin or human lysozyme have been developed. The focus of this review is to catalogue the different lines of genetically engineered dairy animals that produce either recombinant lactoferrin or lysozyme that have been generated over the years as well as compare the wealth of research that has been done on the in vitro and in vivo effects of the milk they produce. While recent advances including the development of CRISPRs and TALENs have removed many of the technical barriers to predictable and efficient genetic engineering in agricultural species, there are still many political and regulatory hurdles before genetic engineering can be used in agriculture. It is important to consider the substantial amount of work that has been done thus far on well established lines of genetically engineered animals evaluating both the animals themselves and the products they yield to identify the most effective path forward for future research and acceptance of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Cooper
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA,
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Garas LC, Murray JD, Maga EA. Genetically engineered livestock: ethical use for food and medical models. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2014; 3:559-75. [PMID: 25387117 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the production of genetically engineered (GE) livestock have resulted in a variety of new transgenic animals with desirable production and composition changes. GE animals have been generated to improve growth efficiency, food composition, and disease resistance in domesticated livestock species. GE animals are also used to produce pharmaceuticals and as medical models for human diseases. The potential use of these food animals for human consumption has prompted an intense debate about food safety and animal welfare concerns with the GE approach. Additionally, public perception and ethical concerns about their use have caused delays in establishing a clear and efficient regulatory approval process. Ethically, there are far-reaching implications of not using genetically engineered livestock, at a detriment to both producers and consumers, as use of this technology can improve both human and animal health and welfare.
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