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Levallois P, Leblanc-Maridor M, Lehébel A, Gavaud S, Lieubeau B, Hervé J, Fourichon C, Belloc C. Hair cortisol concentration in finishing pigs on commercial farms: variability between pigs, batches, and farms. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1298756. [PMID: 38317789 PMCID: PMC10839108 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair cortisol is a stress indicator and could be used to assess the pigs' exposure to stressors in the weeks/months prior to non-invasive hair sampling. The main aim of this study was to describe the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) variability between individuals within a batch, between farms and between batches within a farm. The secondary aim was to determine how the number of sampled pigs influences the characterization of HCC within a batch. Twenty farrow-to-finish pig farms were recruited considering the diversity of their management practices and health status (data collected). Hair was sampled in two separate batches, 8 months apart. The necks of 24 finishing pigs were clipped per batch the week prior to slaughter. To describe the variability in HCC, an analysis of the variance model was run with three explanatory variables (batch, farm and their interaction). To identify farm clusters, a principal component analysis followed by a hierarchical clustering was carried out with four active variables (means and standard deviations of the two batches per farm) and 17 supplementary variables (management practices, herd health data). We determined how the number of sampled pigs influenced the characterization of HCC within a batch by selecting subsamples of the results. HCC ranged from 0.4 to 121.6 pg/mg, with a mean of 25.9 ± 16.2 pg/mg. The variability in HCC was mainly explained by differences between pigs (57%), then between farms (24%), between batches within the same farm (16%) and between batches (3%). Three clusters of farms were identified: low homogeneous concentrations (n = 3 farms), heterogeneous concentrations with either higher (n = 7) or lower (n = 10) HCC in batch 2 than in batch 1. The diversity of management practices and health statuses allowed to discuss hypotheses explaining the HCC variations observed. We highlighted the need to sample more than 24 pigs to characterize HCC in a pig batch. HCC differences between batches on six farms suggest sampling pigs in more than one batch to describe the HCC at the farm level. HCC variations described here confirm the need to study its links with exposure of pigs to stressors.
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José Karpeggiane de Oliveira M, Diego Brandão Melo A, Alves Marçal D, Alves da Cunha Valini G, Alisson Silva C, Mari Veira A, Zem Fraga A, Righetti Arnaut P, Henrique Reis Furtado Campos P, Sousa dos Santos L, Khun Kyaw Htoo J, Gastmann Brand H, Hauschild L. Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac387. [PMID: 36420675 PMCID: PMC9833036 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0-27 and days 28-48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P < 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P > 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P < 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P < 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P < 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P < 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marllon José Karpeggiane de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Diego Brandão Melo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Alves Marçal
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela Alves da Cunha Valini
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleslei Alisson Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alini Mari Veira
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alícia Zem Fraga
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Righetti Arnaut
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Sousa dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Pastures, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciano Hauschild
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Govindasamy K, Gonmei C, Singh NS, Singh NM. Thermal stress-related physiological, behavioral, and serum biochemical responses in indigenous pigs adapted to Eastern Himalayan region. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1034635. [PMID: 36590794 PMCID: PMC9797681 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1034635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of micro-environmental variations on physiological, behavioral, and serum biochemical parameters of indigenous (Niang Megha), Hampshire, and crossbred (75% Hampshire X 25% Niang Megha). Methods Rectal temperature (TR), skin surface temperature (TSS), respiration rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 0,900 and 1,600 h weekly once for 2 months for each season in grower pigs of each genotype. CCTV video cameras were utilized to observe the behavioral changes. Five milliliters of blood samples was collected to estimate different biochemical parameters. Results Season affected (p < 0.05) all physiological parameters which generally increased during summer except TR and RR of indigenous pig. TR, TSS, RR, and HR were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for Hampshire than for indigenous and crossbred in the summer season. The frequency and behavioral activities to heat loss or to conserve heat such as shivering and wallowing were lower except for physical activity that was higher at all times in indigenous pigs. Seasonal variations influenced metabolic activity and serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT), which rose in summer in all genotypes. Serum ALP and thyroxine (T4) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for indigenous pig in both the seasons. The insulin level was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in indigenous pigs with no significant difference between Hampshire and crossbred in summer whereas there was significant difference among the genotypes in winter. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed no significant difference in the study. Indigenous pigs had the lowest serum cortisol concentrations, whereas Hampshire had the highest. Conclusion The current study's findings on several parameters of three different genotypes suggest that indigenous pigs in this region are more adaptable to the region's changing climatic conditions.
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Yang Y, Yang S, Tang J, Ren G, Shen J, Huang B, Lei C, Chen H, Qu K. Comparisons of Hematological and Biochemical Profiles in Brahman and Yunling Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141813. [PMID: 35883360 PMCID: PMC9311853 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahman cattle are tolerant to parasite challenges and heat stress. Yunling cattle are three-way hybrids that are half Brahman cattle, a fourth Murray Grey cattle and a fourth Yunnan Yellow cattle, with good beef performance. The hematological and biochemical parameters can reflect the physiology and metabolic conditions of cattle, and there are valuable indicators of production performance and adaptability that can be found by studying the cattle. To assess the health status and differences, we compared 55 hematological and biochemical parameters of 28 Brahman cattle and 65 Yunling cattle using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Our results showed that 27 hematological and biochemical indices of Brahman cattle were lower than those of Yunling cattle, whereas the other parameters were higher. There are 20 indices with significant differences that were detected between Brahman and Yunling cattle (with p ≤ 0.01 or 0.01 ≤ p ≤ 0.05, respectively), and no significant differences were found for other indices (p > 0.05). Based on these results, Yunling cattle may have a better physical condition than Brahman cattle, may be better at adapting to local environments, and can maintain a good production and reproduction performance. As a new breed that is half Brahman, the abilities of Yunling cattle, including adaptability, stress resistance and tolerance to crude feed, were better than Brahman cattle under the same management conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Shuling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Jia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Jiafei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China;
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (J.T.); (G.R.); (J.S.); (C.L.)
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (K.Q.)
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (K.Q.)
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Podder M, Bera S, Naskar S, Sahu D, Mukherjee J, Patra AK. Physiological, blood-biochemical and behavioural changes of Ghoongroo pigs in seasonal heat stress of a hot-humid tropical environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1349-1364. [PMID: 35384502 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of seasonal heat stress on the physiological, behavioural and blood bio-chemical profile of adult Ghoongroo pigs (1.5-2 years of age) of different physiological groups. Thirty Ghoongroo pigs (10 boars, 10 non-pregnant sows and 10 pregnant sows) were allotted to individual pens. The study continued for 1 year covering three main seasons, i.e. summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February) season. Temperature humidity index was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer (83.2 ± 0.47) followed by rainy (68.5 ± 1.13) and winter (66.8 ± 0.67) seasons, which indicated that pigs were exposed to heat stress during summer. Rectal temperature and pulse rate were not affected by group × season interaction but were affected by group (P = 0.002) and season (P < 0.001), which were usually greater during summer than during winter and in boars than in pregnant sows. Respiration rate was affected by group × season interaction (P = 0.002), which was greater in boars than in non-pregnant and pregnant sows during summer and rainy season but was similar in winter among the groups. Total erythrocytes, leucocytes counts, and cortisol levels were influenced by group (P < 0.001), season (P < 0.001) and group × season interaction (P < 0.001), which increased in summer compared with winter. Sodium and potassium concentrations in serum were not affected by group and group × season interaction but were affected by season (P < 0.001), which were lower in summer than in winter. All behaviour activities (standing, resting and roaming time, urination, fighting and drinking frequency) were affected by group (P < 0.001), season (P < 0.001) and group × season interaction (P < 0.001), except eating time that was only influenced by season. The present study suggested that Ghoongroo pigs experienced heat stress during summer, which was reflected in physiological, blood-biochemical and behavioural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monanki Podder
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Bera
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Syamal Naskar
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Dharma Sahu
- Department of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Government of Tripura, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Gomati, Amarpur, Tripura, India
| | - Joydip Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India.
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Pasternak JA, MacPhee DJ, Lunney JK, Rowland RRR, Dyck MK, Fortin F, Dekkers JCM, Plastow GS, Harding JCS. Thyroid hormone suppression in feeder pigs following polymicrobial or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 challenge. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6420436. [PMID: 34734242 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are powerful regulators of growth, development, and basal metabolic rate and can be dysregulated under conditions of severe stress or illness. To understand the role of these hormones in porcine disease response, serum samples were obtained from three batches of nursery-aged pigs (n = 208) exposed to a natural polymicrobial disease challenge with an array of bacterial and viral pathogens. Levels of total thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) assessed in sera by radioimmunoassay, decreased significantly by 14 days post-exposure (DPE). Levels of T3 partially rebounded by 48 DPE, while T4 levels remain depressed. Post-exposure T3 and T4 levels were positively correlated with acute and long-term average daily gain (ADG). Cross-sectional sampling of animals maintained at the high health source farms, showed no equivalent change in either hormone when managed under standard industrial conditions. To further elucidate the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infection on thyroid hormone levels, archived sera over 42 days post inoculation (DPI) from nursery pigs (N = 190) challenged with one of two PRRSV2 strains by the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium were similarly assessed, with animals selected in a two-by-two design, to investigate biological extremes in ADG and viral load (VL). All animals showed a similar decrease in both thyroid hormones reaching a minimum at 7 DPI and returning to near pre-challenge levels by 42 DPI. Post-challenge T3 and T4 levels were significantly greater in high ADG groups, with no significant association with VL or strain. The results of this study demonstrate porcine susceptibility to thyroid disruption in response to disease challenge and demonstrate a relationship between this response and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Pasternak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | | | - Raymond R R Rowland
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fortin
- Centre de développement du porc du Québec Inc., Québec City, QC G1V 4M6, Canada
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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Capoferri R, Parati K, Puglisi R, Moscati L, Sensi M, Lombardi G, Sandri G, Briani C, Galli A. Comparison between Single- and Group-housed Pregnant Sows for Direct and Indirect Physiological, Reproductive, Welfare Indicators and Gene Expression Profiling. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2020; 24:246-259. [PMID: 32894989 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2020.1790369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Single- and group-housed pregnant sows were assessed during 8 weeks (4th and 8th to 14th) with regard to physiological, reproductive, welfare indicators and gene expression profiling. Compared to single-housed sows, group-housed sows had decreased non-return to estrus at 56 days after artificial insemination (AI) (83% vs 92%) and farrowing rate (78% vs 88%), respectively. Furthermore, group-housed sows showed a higher degree (p < 0.01) of advantageous physiological indicators, such as albumin (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4), alkaline phosphatase (OR = 1.5), bactericidal (OR = 3.2) and complement (OR = 24.3), and disadvantageous for alanine amino transferase (OR = 0.5), bilirubin (OR = 0.4), lysozyme (OR = 0.3) and C-reactive protein compared to single-housed. Eighty-seven genes related to immune response were underexpressed (log fold change ≤ 1.5; p < 0.05) during the 8th to 14th weeks in the group compared to single-housed sows, which in turn showed an immunomodulatory reduction on the expression of 43 genes during the 11th to 14th compared to the 4th week. Overall, the results were interpreted as indicative of greater comfort state of the group compared to single-housed sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Capoferri
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano "L. Spallanzani", Loc. La Quercia, Rivolta d'Adda (CR), Italy
| | - Katia Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano "L. Spallanzani", Loc. La Quercia, Rivolta d'Adda (CR), Italy
| | - Roberto Puglisi
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano "L. Spallanzani", Loc. La Quercia, Rivolta d'Adda (CR), Italy
| | - Livia Moscati
- IZSUM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Marco Sensi
- IZSUM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Guerino Lombardi
- IZSLER, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, Brescia (BS), Italy
| | - Gianpietro Sandri
- Gruppo Veronesi, Via Valpantena 18/G, Quinto di Valpantena (VR), Italy
| | - Carlo Briani
- Gruppo Veronesi, Via Valpantena 18/G, Quinto di Valpantena (VR), Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA-ZA), Via A. Lombardo, Lodi, Italy.,Associazione Regionale Allevatori della Lombardia (ARAL), Via Kennedy 30, Crema (CR), Italy
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Pasternak JA, MacPhee DJ, Harding JCS. Maternal and fetal thyroid dysfunction following porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus2 infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:47. [PMID: 32228691 PMCID: PMC7106657 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory virus-2 (PRRSV2) we evaluated circulating thyroid hormone and associated gene expression in a late gestation challenge model. Pregnant gilts were inoculated at gestation day 85 and fetal samples collected at either 12 or 21 days post-infection (dpi). A subset of fetuses was selected for analysis based on viability and viral load categorized as either uninfected-viable (UNIF), high viral load viable (HV-VIA) or high viral load meconium stained (HV-MEC) and were compared with gestational age matched controls (CON). In dams, circulating levels of total T3 and T4 decreased in the acute period following infection and rebounded by 21 dpi. A similar effect was observed in fetuses, but was largely restricted to HV-VIA and HV-MEC, with minimal decrease noted in UNIF relative to CON at 21 dpi. Gene expression in fetal heart at 12 dpi showed significant decompensatory transcription of thyroid hormone transporters (SLC16A2) and deiodinases (DIO2, DIO3), which was not observed in brain. Correspondingly, genes associated with cell cycle progression (CDK1,2,4) were downregulated in only the heart of highly infected fetuses, while expression of their inhibitor (CDKN1A) was upregulated in both tissues. Finally, expression of genes associated with cardiac stress including CAMKD and AGT were upregulated in the hearts of highly infected fetuses, and a shift in expression of MYH6 to MYH7 was observed in HV-MEC fetuses specifically. Collectively, the results suggest PRRSV2 infection causes a hypothyroid state that disproportionally impacts the fetal heart over the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Pasternak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada. .,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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Saoca C, Rizzo M, Pugliese M, Monteverde V, Giudice E, Piccione G. Intra-monthly variability of some physiological and blood parameters in pigs under different environmental conditions. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1559414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Saoca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina. Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina. Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina. Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monteverde
- Department of Zootechnical Productions and Animal Welfare, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina. Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina. Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
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