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Freddy Patrick NOB, Julius AN, Jean-Pierre MK, Moctar MMM. Rabies incidence and burden in three cities of Cameroon (2004-2013). Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100347. [PMID: 38590833 PMCID: PMC10999468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal disease occurring worldwide and especially in almost all the countries in Asia and Africa including Cameroon. Though animal and human rabies is prevalent in Cameroon, the epidemiology and socio-economic burden of the disease in the country is not known. Therefore, a 10-year (October 2004-April 2013) retrospective study on the incidence of animal and human rabies and its burden in Garoua, Ngaoundéré and Yaoundé in Cameroon was carried out. Records of human cases were extracted from the database of the regional hospitals, and animal cases from the databases of Centre Pasteur and National Veterinary Laboratory. The burden of the disease was assessed through the estimation of costs linked to preventive measures (vaccination), corrective procedures (Post Exposure Treatment), Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) and overall societal cost of the disease. Overall, 56 rabies-suspected human deaths, corresponding to an incidence of 0.02 ± 0.00 ‱ and Animal Rabies Incidence (ARI) of 0.37 ± 0.00 % among 1844 suspected animal cases were recorded. The economic loss due to preventive measures of 326,046 ± 28,130.85 USD, related to corrective procedures of 806,741.25 ± 2,466.08 USD, and DALY of 1690.28 ± 4.76 years were estimated. This is the first study that highlights the enormous socio-economic burden associated with animal and human rabies in endemic parts of Cameroon and emphasizes on enhancing rabies eradication strategy focusing on the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngah Osoe Bouli Freddy Patrick
- Livestock Development Corporation (SODEPA), Cameroon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Awah-Ndukum Julius
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Cameroon
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If they could choose: How would dogs spend their days? Activity patterns in four populations of domestic dogs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dahourou LD, Savadogo M, Tapsoba RAS, Kaboré BA, Konaté A, Zerbo M, Guigma HV, Ouoba LB, Ouandaogo SH, Zerbo LH, Traoré A. Dog ownership, demographics, owners' knowledge of rabies, and factors associated with canine rabies vaccination in urban and rural areas of Dedougou, Burkina Faso. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100205. [PMID: 34541377 PMCID: PMC8441072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a prioritized zoonotic disease in Burkina Faso and is known as a major zoonotic disease with high public health importance. This investigation was conducted to assess community knowledge, dog ecology and demographics, and factors associated with dog vaccination against rabies in the urban and rural areas of Dedougou. Three hundred and sixteen (316) dog-owning households were surveyed in the rural and urban areas of Dedougou using a semi-structured questionnaire. Among participants, 55.7% lived in rural area, and 59.8% were farmers. Only 34.5% of participants had satisfactory knowledge of rabies. About 22% were aware of the required age of dogs’ primo vaccination against rabies while 55.7% knew the frequency of booster vaccination. Participants living in households with less than five persons were significantly more likely to be aware of rabies than those living in households with the higher number of persons (P<0.05). Participants who were aware of rabies were more likely to vaccinate their dogs compared to those who were not aware of rabies (P<0.05). In total, 2930 persons were recorded in visited households with 60.6% from rural area, and an average household size of 9.27 persons. Three hundred and thirty seven dogs were found in surveyed households’ and 54.9% were from rural area. In overall, a dog per human ratio of 1:8.7 was determinated. Regarding dog ownership practices, the majority of respondents reported that they provided their dogs with water (84.5%) and food (84.8%). This research reported supplementary data on dog ecology and rabies, which could be useful for rabies control planning in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural (ISEDR), Université de Dédougou, P.O box 176, Dedougou, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire de Biologie et santés animales (Labiosa), Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA), P.O Box 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Madi Savadogo
- Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes (LNR-G), Unité des Maladies à potentiel Epidémique, Maladies Emergentes et Zoonoses, Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), P.O Box 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etat des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), P.O Box 5077, Dakar, Senegal.,Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem, 6, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Rayandwendé Arnaud Stéphane Tapsoba
- Laboratoire de Biologie et santés animales (Labiosa), Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA), P.O Box 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Almamy Konaté
- Laboratoire de Biologie et santés animales (Labiosa), Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA), P.O Box 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamadou Zerbo
- Ecole Nationale de l'Elevage et de Santé Animale (ENESA), P.O Box 7068, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Lalidia Bruno Ouoba
- Direction de la Santé Animale (DSA), Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires, P.O Box 7068, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sandaogo Hamidou Ouandaogo
- Direction de la Santé Animale (DSA), Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires, P.O Box 7068, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lamouni Habibata Zerbo
- Direction de la Santé Animale (DSA), Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires, P.O Box 7068, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amadou Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et santés animales (Labiosa), Institut de l'Environnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA), P.O Box 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Cai L, Wang L, Guan X, Wang L, Hu X, Wu Y, Tong Y, Wang P. Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies in Central China from 2013 to 2018. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2753-2762. [PMID: 34305400 PMCID: PMC8297554 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s314881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to timely grasp the epidemiologic status of rabies in Central China from 2013 to 2018 and provide scientific evidence for the implementation of follow-up prevention and control measures. Methods We initiated a retrospective observational and descriptive study of bite-related injuries data and rabies disease data in Hubei province from 2013 to 2018, managed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results A total of 2,028,691 individuals were exposed to bites from 2013 to 2018, of which 221 were diagnosed with rabies and deceased. Among those cases, the incubation periods of rabies varied from 3 days to 18,406 days, which has been shown to be statistically associated with where the infected person was exposed and whether the wound care has been conducted. Conclusion Epidemiological studies have shown that from 2013 to 2018, the current situation of rabies in Central China is still severe. The case fatality rate keeps virtually 100%. The rural population is still the most vulnerable group to rabies, characterized by a high exposure ratio and low treatment rate as well as poor vaccination compliance. Hoewever, larger populations are warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Xiaonan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiaogan, 432100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Global Study Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yang Wu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Tong
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Peigang Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
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Warembourg C, Fournié G, Abakar MF, Alvarez D, Berger-González M, Odoch T, Wera E, Alobo G, Carvallo ETL, Bal VD, López Hernandez AL, Madaye E, Maximiano Sousa F, Naminou A, Roquel P, Hartnack S, Zinsstag J, Dürr S. Predictors of free-roaming domestic dogs' contact network centrality and their relevance for rabies control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12898. [PMID: 34145344 PMCID: PMC8213792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Free roaming domestic dogs (FRDD) are the main vectors for rabies transmission to humans worldwide. To eradicate rabies from a dog population, current recommendations focus on random vaccination with at least 70% coverage. Studies suggest that targeting high-risk subpopulations could reduce the required vaccination coverage, and increase the likelihood of success of elimination campaigns. The centrality of a dog in a contact network can be used as a measure of its potential contribution to disease transmission. Our objectives were to investigate social networks of FRDD in eleven study sites in Chad, Guatemala, Indonesia and Uganda, and to identify characteristics of dogs, and their owners, associated with their centrality in the networks. In all study sites, networks had small-world properties and right-skewed degree distributions, suggesting that vaccinating highly connected dogs would be more effective than random vaccination. Dogs were more connected in rural than urban settings, and the likelihood of contacts was negatively correlated with the distance between dogs' households. While heterogeneity in dog's connectedness was observed in all networks, factors predicting centrality and likelihood of contacts varied across networks and countries. We therefore hypothesize that the investigated dog and owner characteristics resulted in different contact patterns depending on the social, cultural and economic context. We suggest to invest into understanding of the sociocultural structures impacting dog ownership and thus driving dog ecology, a requirement to assess the potential of targeted vaccination in dog populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Warembourg
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Danilo Alvarez
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Monica Berger-González
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Terence Odoch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ewaldus Wera
- Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic (Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang), West Timor, Indonesia
| | - Grace Alobo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Enos Madaye
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, N'Djaména, Chad
| | - Filipe Maximiano Sousa
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Abakar Naminou
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, N'Djaména, Chad
| | - Pablo Roquel
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salome Dürr
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Savadogo M, Soré AF, Dahourou LD, Ossebi W, Combari AHB, Alambedji RB, Tarnagda Z. Assessing factors associated with owner's individual decision to vaccinate their dogs against rabies: A house-to-house survey in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Vet World 2021; 14:1014-1019. [PMID: 34083954 PMCID: PMC8167541 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1014-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In rabies endemic area, dog vaccination is an effective way of controlling the disease in animals and humans if a minimum of 70% vaccination coverage is reached. This study aimed to identify dog demographics and household characteristics associated with dogs' vaccination against rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents with regard to their dogs' demographics and their household characteristics. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were performed to assess the association between explicative variables and the dogs' vaccination status. RESULTS Overall, as per the findings of this study, it was determined that out of 424 dogs, 57.8% were reportedly vaccinated. The vaccination status was significantly associated with most of the household variables (e.g., gender of the respondent, age, level of education, main means of transportation, participation in a vaccination campaign, knowledge on rabies, and knowledge on dog vaccination) and the dogs' variables (breed of dog, dog origin, purpose for keeping, confinement status, and perceived behavior) (p<0.05). Moreover, only religion, type of housing, knowledge of rabies transmission modes, and dog sex were not significantly associated with vaccination status (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our study generated informative data showing that animal health workers could develop effective rabies vaccination strategy planning by examining owned dog demographics and their husbandry practices in households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madi Savadogo
- Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes (LNR-G), Unité des Maladies à potentiel Epidémique, Maladies Emergentes et Zoonoses, Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), P.O. Box 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), P.O. Box 5077, Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2 avenue de Cureghem 10, Liege, Belgium
| | - Abdoul-Fataf Soré
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), P.O. Box 5077, Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Laibané Dieudonné Dahourou
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Environmental Sciences and Rural Development Institute, University of Dedougou (UDDG), P.O. Box 174, Dedougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Walter Ossebi
- Service d’Economie Rurale et Gestion, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Productions Animales, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), P.O. Box 5077, Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alima Hadjia Banyala Combari
- Department of Animal Production, Environment and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA/CNRST), P.O. Box 910, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Rianatou Bada Alambedji
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), P.O. Box 5077, Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Zékiba Tarnagda
- Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes (LNR-G), Unité des Maladies à potentiel Epidémique, Maladies Emergentes et Zoonoses, Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), P.O. Box 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Savadogo M, Tialla D, Ouattara B, Dahourou LD, Ossebi W, Ilboudo SG, Combari AHB, Tarnagda Z, Alambedji RB. Factors associated with owned-dogs' vaccination against rabies: A household survey in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1096-1106. [PMID: 33694291 PMCID: PMC8294405 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine vaccination is an effective means for rabies control, a minimum of 70% dog rabies vaccination coverage is required in endemic areas. According to previous investigations, this recommended coverage is always not achieved in Burkina Faso. This study was carried out to investigate reasons for poor vaccination coverage in canine population. Using a structured questionnaires, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the city of Bobo Dioulasso to capture data on drivers that affect dog owners’ individual decision to vaccinate or not their dogs. Through a house‐to‐house approach, 239 questionnaires were administrated to dog owners during face to face interviews. The results indicated dog rabies vaccination coverage of 25.9%. Dog breed, origin and confinement status had a significant association with vaccination status (p < 0.05). Owners of exotic and cross‐bred dogs were more likely to adopt vaccination compared to owners of local‐bred dogs. Dogs of bought origin were significantly more likely to be vaccinated among all dogs. Household characteristics including age of owners, level of education, employment status, means of transportation, perception of vaccination cost and level of knowledge about rabies were significantly associated with the vaccination status (p < 0.05). The oldest dog owners, the owners having high level of education, having a car as means of transportation, having good knowledge of rabies and dog rabies vaccination, being employed and perceiving vaccination cost as affordable were more likely to vaccinate their dogs. Combining community awareness and free dog rabies vaccination approaches could improve the vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madi Savadogo
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dieudonné Tialla
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Ecole Nationale de l'Elevage et de la Santé Animale (ENESA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Boris Ouattara
- Service de Microbiologie Immunologie et Pathologies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Laibané D Dahourou
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Environmental Sciences and Rural Development Institute, University of Dedougou (UDDG), Dedougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Walter Ossebi
- Service d'Economie Rurale et Gestion, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Productions Animales, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Sidwatta G Ilboudo
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Alima H B Combari
- Department of Animal Production, Environment and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Zékiba Tarnagda
- Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rianatou B Alambedji
- Service de Microbiologie Immunologie et Pathologies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), Dakar, Senegal
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