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Nugent A, Allison SD. A framework for soil microbial ecology in urban ecosystems. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andie Nugent
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California–Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Steven D. Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California–Irvine Irvine California USA
- Department of Earth System Science University of California–Irvine Irvine California USA
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2
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Buffer Green Patches around Urban Road Network as a Tool for Sustainable Soil Management. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urban areas are facing a range of environmental challenges including air, water and soil pollution as a result of industrial, domestic and traffic emissions. In addition, global climate change is likely to aggravate certain urban problems and disturb the urban ecology by increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. In the context of urbanization growth and the consequent impact on the environment, there is a growing interest in maintaining urban soil quality and functions as they are the medium for green infrastructure development. Furthermore, urban soils are becoming one of the key factors in the delivery of many ecosystem services such as carbon storage, climate regulation, water flow regulation, etc. On the other hand, urban soils are well-known to be a major sink of air pollutants due to the wet and dry atmospheric deposition and recirculation. Soil has the ability to degrade some chemical contaminants but when the levels are high, urban soils could hold on large amounts and pose a risk to human health. A cost-effective technological solution is to use the ability of some plant species to metabolize, accumulate and detoxify heavy metals or other harmful organic or inorganic compounds from the soil layer. The establishment of urban lawns (grass covered surfaces) is a helpful, environmentally friendly, economically sustainable and cost-effective approach to remove contaminants from polluted soils (terrains), which also has some aesthetic benefits. In this paper, an overview of the benefits and limitations of urban lawn construction is presented. The focus is on the perspectives for sustainable management of urban lawns, especially as buffer green patches in the road network surroundings, that can represent strategies to provide ecological and social multifunctionality of urban soils, and thus, increasing their ecosystem services capacity. Specifically, the paper highlights (i) the possibilities for phytoremediation of urban soils, (ii) potential of some perennial grasses and (iii) key issues that should be considered in the planning and design of urban lawns.
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Abstract
Urban green infrastructure significantly influences the functioning of a city and the comfort of its residents. Lawns are an essential element of public greenery. They represent a live component, and if they are lacking, of low quality, or neglected, this will cause major problems in the urban environment. The vegetation structure of urban grassy areas changes under the influence of different management methods used for their maintenance. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of urban lawns and to determine the influence of this vegetation on factors based on the representation of the species found. Three sites with urban lawns were chosen in a built-up city area where different types of vegetation management were applied: Typical management, in which grassy areas are mowed twice a year; intensive management, in which lawns are mowed several times a year and the biomass is removed; and extensive management, in which lawns are mowed irregularly, once a year at most, and the biomass is left unevenly on the site. Extensive management and unkempt urban grassy areas represent a high risk of fire due to the presence of plant species that produce great amounts of biomass. Combined with dry and warm weather, the dead biomass can lead to outbreaks of fire. Extensive management of urban grassy areas brings some benefits, such as lower maintenance costs and increased biodiversity and bioretention. On the other hand, intensive management reduces the risk of fire and the biodiversity of the plant community. Attention should be paid to the composition of vegetative species and their functions that could threaten the safety of residents, with the risk of fire being one of them. However, the vegetation biomass of grassy areas affected by management practices is only a precondition for the risk of fire because weather and drought occurrence play important roles as well.
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Wróblewska K, Jeong BR. Effectiveness of plants and green infrastructure utilization in ambient particulate matter removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:110. [PMID: 34603905 PMCID: PMC8475335 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is regarded as an increasingly threatening, major environmental risk for human health. Seven million deaths are attributed to air pollution each year, 91% of which is due to particulate matter. Vegetation is a xenobiotic means of removing particulate matter. This review presents the mechanisms of PM capture by plants and factors that influence PM reduction in the atmosphere. Vegetation is ubiquitously approved as a PM removal solution in cities, taking various forms of green infrastructure. This review also refers to the effectiveness of plant exploitation in GI: trees, grasslands, green roofs, living walls, water reservoirs, and urban farming. Finally, methods of increasing the PM removal by plants, such as species selection, biodiversity increase, PAH-degrading phyllospheric endophytes, transgenic plants and microorganisms, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wróblewska
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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5
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Fuentes TL. Homeowner preferences drive lawn care practices and species diversity patterns in new lawn floras. JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Households intensively manage lawns to create uniformly green, low diversity plant communities. Because lawns occupy a large proportion of urban green space, they are a crucial case for understanding how people manipulate urban vegetation. In this study, I focused on 58 homeowners who purchased a newly constructed home and yard in the Seattle Metropolitan Statistical Area, USA, to see how preferences, lawn care regimes and new lawn floras develop within a multi-scalar urban environment. A typical homeowner watered 3 times in spring, watered 24 times in summer, applied fertilizer twice, mowed 21 times and edged 15 times. Most new lawn turfgrasses were Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and/or Festuca spp. Mean species richness was 6.5 ± 5.3 species. The most frequent species were non-native and cosmopolitan (turfgrasses, Hypochaeris radicata, Taraxacum officinale and Trifolium repens). Five variables increased the probability of homeowners managing their lawns as turfgrass monocultures: living in a neighborhood with larger yards, summer watering frequency, fertilizer frequency, valuing space for children and valuing wildlife habitat. Valuing an easy to manage yard decreased the turfgrass monoculture probability. In polyculture yards, having a larger lawn was positively correlated with non-turfgrass species richness, but elevation was negatively correlated. Homeowners who valued space for children appeared to have more intensive lawn care regimes than those who valued wildlife habitat or easy to manage yards. Although lawn floras result from complex interactions of the environment and households, urban characteristics appeared to be weaker drivers of diversity than homeowner preferences and lawn care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Fuentes
- Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Box 355740, 410 Gould Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-5740, USA
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6
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Acceptance of near-natural greenspace management relates to ecological and socio-cultural assigned values among European urbanites. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Mollashahi H, Szymura M, Szymura TH. Connectivity assessment and prioritization of urban grasslands as a helpful tool for effective management of urban ecosystem services. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244452. [PMID: 33370396 PMCID: PMC7769447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban grasslands are usually managed as short-cut lawns and have limited biodiversity. Urban grasslands with low-intensity management are species rich and can perform numerous ecosystem services, but they are not accepted by citizens everywhere. Further, increasing and/or maintaining a relatively high level of plant species richness in an urban environment is limited by restricted plant dispersal. In this study, we examined the connectivity of urban grasslands and prioritized the grassland patches with regard to their role in connectivity in an urban landscape. We used high-resolution data from a land use system to map grassland patches in Wrocław city, Silesia, southwest Poland, Central Europe, and applied a graph theory approach to assess their connectivity and prioritization. We next constructed a model for several dispersal distance thresholds (2, 20, 44, 100, and 1000 m), reflecting plants with differing dispersal potential. Our results revealed low connectivity of urban grassland patches, especially for plants with low dispersal ability (2–20 m). The priority of patches was correlated with their area for all dispersal distance thresholds. Most of the large patches important to overall connectivity were located in urban peripheries, while in the city center, connectivity was more restricted and grassland area per capita was the lowest. The presence of a river created a corridor, allowing plants to migrate along watercourse, but it also created a barrier dividing the system. The results suggest that increasing the plant species richness in urban grasslands in the city center requires seed addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassanali Mollashahi
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Magdalena Szymura
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz H. Szymura
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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8
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Abstract
Street trees, native plantings, bioswales, and other forms of green infrastructure alleviate urban air and water pollution, diminish flooding vulnerability, support pollinators, and provide other benefits critical to human well-being. Urban planners increasingly value such urban ecosystem services (ES), and effective methods for deciding among alternative planting regimes using urban ES criteria are under active development. In this effort, integrating stakeholder values and concerns with quantitative urban ES assessments is a central challenge; although it is widely recommended, specific approaches have yet to be explored. Here, we develop, apply, and evaluate such a method in the Friendly Area Neighborhood of Eugene, Oregon by investigating the potential for increased urban ES through the conversion of public lawn to alternative planting regimes that align with expressed stakeholder priorities. We first estimated current urban ES from green space mapping and published supply rates, finding lawn cover and associated ES to be dominant. Resident and expert priorities were then revealed through surveys and Delphi analyses; top priorities included air quality, stormwater quality, native plantings, and pollinator habitat, while concerns focused on cost and safety. Unexpectedly, most residents expressed a willingness to support urban ES improvements financially. This evidence then informed the development of planting regime alternatives among which we compared achievable future urban ES delivery, revealing clear differences among those that maximized stakeholder priorities, those that maximized quantitative urban ES delivery, and their integration. The resulting contribution is a straightforward method for identifying planting regimes with a high likelihood of success in delivering desired urban ES in specific local contexts.
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Fischer LK, Neuenkamp L, Lampinen J, Tuomi M, Alday JG, Bucharova A, Cancellieri L, Casado‐Arzuaga I, Čeplová N, Cerveró L, Deák B, Eriksson O, Fellowes MDE, Fernández de Manuel B, Filibeck G, González‐Guzmán A, Hinojosa MB, Kowarik I, Lumbierres B, Miguel A, Pardo R, Pons X, Rodríguez‐García E, Schröder R, Gaia Sperandii M, Unterweger P, Valkó O, Vázquez V, Klaus VH. Public attitudes toward biodiversity‐friendly greenspace management in Europe. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K. Fischer
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Ecosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
- Institute of Landscape Planning and EcologyUniversity of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Lena Neuenkamp
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Earth ScienceUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | | | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Josu G. Alday
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida Lleida Spain
- Joint Reseach Unit CTFC—AGROTECNIO Lleida Spain
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität TübingenInstitute of Evolution and Ecology Tübingen Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterInstitute of Landscape Ecology Münster Germany
| | - Laura Cancellieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE)University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Izaskun Casado‐Arzuaga
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bizkaia Spain
| | - Natálie Čeplová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of EducationMasaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lluïsa Cerveró
- Estudi TALP (Territori Arquitectura i Laboratori de Paisatge) Valencia Spain
| | - Balázs Deák
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and Botany MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mark D. E. Fellowes
- People and Wildlife Research Group, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading Reading Berkshire UK
| | | | - Goffredo Filibeck
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE)University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | | | - M. Belen Hinojosa
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Castilla‐La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Ecosystem Science/Plant EcologyTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Belén Lumbierres
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Ana Miguel
- Estudi TALP (Territori Arquitectura i Laboratori de Paisatge) Valencia Spain
| | - Rosa Pardo
- Estudi TALP (Territori Arquitectura i Laboratori de Paisatge) Valencia Spain
| | - Xavier Pons
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Encarna Rodríguez‐García
- Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible, Universidad de Valladolid Palencia Spain
- ALEB (Active Learning in Ecology and Biotechnology) El Siscar (Santomera) Murcia Spain
| | - Roland Schröder
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape ArchitectureOsnabrück University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück Germany
| | | | | | - Orsolya Valkó
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and Botany MTA‐ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Víctor Vázquez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Málaga Málaga Spain
- Department of Research and DevelopmentCoccosphere Environmental Analysis Málaga Spain
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10
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Baldock KC. Opportunities and threats for pollinator conservation in global towns and cities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 38:63-71. [PMID: 32126514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Urban expansion is considered to be one of the main threats to global biodiversity yet some pollinator groups, particularly bees, can do well in urban areas. Recent studies indicate that both local and landscape-level drivers can influence urban pollinator communities, with local floral resources and the amount of impervious cover in the landscape affecting pollinator abundance, richness and community composition. Urban intensification, chemicals, climate change and increased honey bee colony densities all negatively affect urban pollinators. Maintaining good areas of habitat for pollinators, such as those found in allotments (community gardens) and domestic gardens, and improving management approaches in urban greenspace and highly urbanised areas (e.g. by increasing floral resources and nesting sites) will benefit pollinator conservation. Opportunities for pollinator conservation exist via multiple stakeholders including policymakers, urban residents, urban planners and landscape architects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cr Baldock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Royal Fort House, University of Bristol, BS8 1UH, UK.
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11
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Lawns in Cities: From a Globalised Urban Green Space Phenomenon to Sustainable Nature-Based Solutions. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This opinion paper discusses urban lawns, the most common part of open green spaces and urban green infrastructures. It highlights both the ecosystem services and also disservices provided by urban lawns based on the authors’ experience of working within interdisciplinary research projects on lawns in different cities of Europe (Germany, Sweden and Russia), New Zealand (Christchurch), USA (Syracuse, NY) and Australia (Perth). It complements this experience with a detailed literature review based on the most recent studies of different biophysical, social, planning and design aspects of lawns. We also used an international workshop as an important part of the research methodology. We argue that although lawns of Europe and the United States of America are now relatively well studied, other parts of the world still underestimate the importance of researching lawns as a complex ecological and social phenomenon. One of the core objectives of this paper is to share a paradigm of nature-based solutions in the context of lawns, which can be an important step towards finding resilient sustainable alternatives for urban green spaces in the time of growing urbanisation, increased urban land use competition, various user demands and related societal challenges of the urban environment. We hypothesise that these solutions may be found in urban ecosystems and various local native plant communities that are rich in species and able to withstand harsh conditions such as heavy trampling and droughts. To support the theoretical hypothesis of the relevance of nature-based solutions for lawns we also suggest and discuss the concept of two natures—different approaches to the vision of urban nature, including the understanding and appreciation of lawns. This will help to increase the awareness of existing local ecological approaches as well as an importance of introducing innovative landscape architecture practices. This article suggests that there is a potential for future transdisciplinary international research that might aid our understanding of lawns in different climatic and socio-cultural conditions as well as develop locally adapted (to environmental conditions, social needs and management policies) and accepted nature-based solutions.
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12
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Watson CJ, Carignan‐Guillemette L, Turcotte C, Maire V, Proulx R. Ecological and economic benefits of low‐intensity urban lawn management. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Watson
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versant – Écosystèmes Aquatiques Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Léonie Carignan‐Guillemette
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versant – Écosystèmes Aquatiques Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versant – Écosystèmes Aquatiques Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versant – Écosystèmes Aquatiques Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versant – Écosystèmes Aquatiques Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières Québec Canada
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13
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Norton BA, Bending GD, Clark R, Corstanje R, Dunnett N, Evans KL, Grafius DR, Gravestock E, Grice SM, Harris JA, Hilton S, Hoyle H, Lim E, Mercer TG, Pawlett M, Pescott OL, Richards JP, Southon GE, Warren PH. Urban meadows as an alternative to short mown grassland: effects of composition and height on biodiversity. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01946. [PMID: 31173423 PMCID: PMC6851864 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There are increasing calls to provide greenspace in urban areas, yet the ecological quality, as well as quantity, of greenspace is important. Short mown grassland designed for recreational use is the dominant form of urban greenspace in temperate regions but requires considerable maintenance and typically provides limited habitat value for most taxa. Alternatives are increasingly proposed, but the biodiversity potential of these is not well understood. In a replicated experiment across six public urban greenspaces, we used nine different perennial meadow plantings to quantify the relative roles of floristic diversity and height of sown meadows on the richness and composition of three taxonomic groups: plants, invertebrates, and soil microbes. We found that all meadow treatments were colonized by plant species not sown in the plots, suggesting that establishing sown meadows does not preclude further locally determined grassland development if management is appropriate. Colonizing species were rarer in taller and more diverse plots, indicating competition may limit invasion rates. Urban meadow treatments contained invertebrate and microbial communities that differed from mown grassland. Invertebrate taxa responded to changes in both height and richness of meadow vegetation, but most orders were more abundant where vegetation height was longer than mown grassland. Order richness also increased in longer vegetation and Coleoptera family richness increased with plant diversity in summer. Microbial community composition seems sensitive to plant species composition at the soil surface (0-10 cm), but in deeper soils (11-20 cm) community variation was most responsive to plant height, with bacteria and fungi responding differently. In addition to improving local residents' site satisfaction, native perennial meadow plantings can produce biologically diverse grasslands that support richer and more abundant invertebrate communities, and restructured plant, invertebrate, and soil microbial communities compared with short mown grassland. Our results suggest that diversification of urban greenspace by planting urban meadows in place of some mown amenity grassland is likely to generate substantial biodiversity benefits, with a mosaic of meadow types likely to maximize such benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony A. Norton
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
- College of Life and Natural SciencesUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBUnited Kingdom
| | - Gary D. Bending
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Clark
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Ron Corstanje
- Centre for Environmental and Agricultural InformaticsCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Nigel Dunnett
- Department of LandscapeUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Karl L. Evans
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Darren R. Grafius
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood InstituteCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily Gravestock
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Samuel M. Grice
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood InstituteCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Jim A. Harris
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood InstituteCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Sally Hilton
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen Hoyle
- Department of LandscapeUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
- Department of Architecture and Built EnvironmentUWE BristolBristolBS16 1QYUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward Lim
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Theresa G. Mercer
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood InstituteCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUnited Kingdom
- School of GeographyUniversity of LincolnLincolnLN6 7TSUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Pawlett
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood InstituteCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUnited Kingdom
| | | | - J. Paul Richards
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Georgina E. Southon
- Department of LandscapeUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip H. Warren
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUnited Kingdom
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14
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Thompson GL, Kao-Kniffin J. Urban Grassland Management Implications for Soil C and N Dynamics: A Microbial Perspective. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ignatieva
- School of Design, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. .,Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7012, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Marcus Hedblom
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7044, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden. .,Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-90183, Sweden
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16
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Stoltz J, Schaffer C. Salutogenic Affordances and Sustainability: Multiple Benefits With Edible Forest Gardens in Urban Green Spaces. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2344. [PMID: 30574105 PMCID: PMC6292239 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With increased urbanization, ecological challenges such as climate change and loss of biodiversity, and stress-related disorders globally posing a major threat to public health and wellbeing, the development of efficient multiple-use strategies for urban green spaces and infrastructures is of great importance. In addition to benefits such as climate and water regulation, food production, and biodiversity conservation, green spaces and features have been associated with various health and wellbeing outcomes from a psychological perspective. Research suggests links between exposure to green environmental qualities and restoration from psycho-physiological stress and attention fatigue, promotion of physical activity, increased neighborhood satisfaction and even reduced mortality. Especially strong associations have been observed in urban and socio-economically challenged areas. Usually such salutogenic, i.e., health-promoting, effects are explained through theories related to the notion of biophilia, i.e., the idea that humans share innate tendencies to attend to natural environments and features that have been beneficial during evolution. This paper assumes an ecological approach to perception and behavior to be fruitful in order to analyze the salutogenic potential of environments such as urban green spaces and to step beyond the "green vs. gray" dichotomy that has been prevalent through much of the research on health-promoting environments. Through an analysis of environmental affordances for certain perceived qualities such an approach is explored through a proposed concept for urban green space use and management, the edible forest garden. Such gardens, based on agroecological principles, have emerged as one of the most promising models regarding ecologically sustainable food production. In addition to potential contributions of importance for urban sustainability and biodiversity, we argue that the inclusion of edible forest gardens in urban green spaces - today globally dominated by lawns - also potentially could reinforce several affordances of salutogenic importance, both in terms of, e.g., social cohesion but also in regard to restoration from psycho-physiological stress and attention fatigue. Increased opportunities for contact with nature and processes of food production may also reinforce pro-environmental behaviors in the population and thus also affect long-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stoltz
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Abstract
In last decades, the number of non-native land snails increased up to 15 percentages; they create more than eight percent of all the Slovakian species. Trend of newly established snail species corresponds with increases in the average temperatures as well as the intensity of foreign trade, suggesting a synergistic effect of both climatic conditions and socioeconomic factors. The research of the open-air garden centres in Slovakia confirmed both factors. We report here some of the newly established populations of sixteen mollusc species. In the old garden centres, the number of species as well as the number of individuals decreased slightly. Area of the garden centre has a very high impact on both abundance and species diversity. The size and age of garden centre proportionally influences the composition of mollusc assemblages. Two new species Cornu aspersum and Cepaea nemoralis were noticed for the first time in Slovakia. The recent findings of the introduced populations demonstrate the potential of this snail to colonise new areas.
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Miller DL, Roberts DA, Clarke KC, Lin Y, Menzer O, Peters EB, McFadden JP. Gross primary productivity of a large metropolitan region in midsummer using high spatial resolution satellite imagery. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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