1
|
Ye Y, Zhong W, Luo R, Wen H, Ma Z, Qi S, Han X, Nie W, Chang D, Xu R, Ye N, Gao F, Zhang P. Thermosensitive hydrogel with emodin-loaded triple-targeted nanoparticles for a rectal drug delivery system in the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38238760 PMCID: PMC10795337 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex etiology and pathogenesis underlying Chronic Non-Bacterial Prostatitis (CNP), coupled with the existence of a Blood Prostate Barrier (BPB), contribute to a lack of specificity and poor penetration of most drugs. Emodin (EMO), a potential natural compound for CNP treatment, exhibits commendable anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-fibrosis properties but suffers from the same problems as other drugs. METHODS By exploiting the recognition properties of lactoferrin (LF) receptors that target intestinal epithelial cells (NCM-460) and prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1), a pathway is established for the transrectal absorption of EMO to effectively reach the prostate. Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA) is employed, recognizing CD44 receptors which target macrophages within the inflamed prostate. This interaction facilitates the intraprostatic delivery of EMO, leading to its pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. A thermosensitive hydrogel (CS-Gel) prepared from chitosan (CS) and β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (β-GP) was used for rectal drug delivery with strong adhesion to achieve effective drug retention and sustained slow release. Thus, we developed a triple-targeted nanoparticle (NPs)/thermosensitive hydrogel (Gel) rectal drug delivery system. In this process, LF, with its positive charge, was utilized to load EMO through dialysis, producing LF@EMO-NPs. Subsequently, HA was employed to encapsulate EMO-loaded LF nanoparticles via electrostatic adsorption, yielding HA/LF@EMO-NPs. Finally, HA/LF@EMO-NPs lyophilized powder was added to CS-Gel (HA/LF@EMO-NPs Gel). RESULTS Cellular assays indicated that NCM-460 and RWPE-1 cells showed high uptake of both LF@EMO-NPs and HA/LF@EMO-NPs, while Raw 264.7 cells exhibited substantial uptake of HA/LF@EMO-NPs. For LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells, HA/LF@EMO-NPs can reduce the inflammatory responses by modulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Tissue imaging corroborated the capacity of HA/LF-modified formulations to breach the BPB, accumulating within the gland's lumen. Animal experiments showed that rectal administration of HA/LF@EMO-NPs Gel significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, oxidative stress levels and fibrosis in the CNP rats, in addition to exerting anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway without obvious toxicity. CONCLUSION This triple-targeted NPs/Gel rectal delivery system with slow-release anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-fibrosis properties shows great potential for the effective treatment of CNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongzhi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyang Ma
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenbiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Degui Chang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Peihai Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Zhang F, He W, Zhao B, Zhang T, Wang S, Zhou L, He J. Extraction optimization and constituent analysis of total flavonoid from Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flowers and its ameliorative effect on chronic prostatitis via inhibition of multiple inflammatory pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116922. [PMID: 37516390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flowers (HPF) are well-known for their high flavonoid content, which contribute to their widely as traditional Chinese medicine for alleviating inflammation. Despite their recognized potential, information regarding the total flavonoid (TF) of HPF and its therapeutic application in treating chronic prostatitis (CP) remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the extraction optimization, constituent analysis, and alleviating effect of TF on CP as well as its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimized extraction of TF from HPF was explored using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design model. The major flavonoids in TF were identified based on UHPLC-MS approach. Efficacy of TF (25 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on CP was evaluated in prostate antigen emulsion-induced autoimmune CP rat model by measuring prostatic index, the levels of leukocytes and lecithin bodies, as well as histopathological examination. The protein expression contents were detected by western blotting. Additionally, the antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS) and anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2 inhibitory) effects of TF were also evaluated in vitro. RESULTS The optimized conditions for TF extraction were determined as 60% ethanol concentration, 30 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 30 min extraction time, and 90 °C extraction temperature, and the extraction ratio is 65.98 ± 2.14%. A total of 15 major flavonoids in TF were characterized by comparison with reference standards. TF ameliorated the efficacy of CP in rats in a dose-independent manner, including reduced prostatic index and leukocytes levels, elevated lecithin body levels, ameliorated histopathological damage to prostate, and suppressed phosphorylated protein expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), just another kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Simultaneously, the IC50 of TF to DPPH, ABTS radicals, and COX-2 were 2.02, 1.79, and 0.0838 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We first demonstrated that TF from HPF represents a promising candidate to alleviate CP through suppression of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Weiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
| | - Boyuan Zhao
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Shang Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Junwei He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng X, Yan Z, Wang W, Mao W, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhong Z. Efficacy of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine on chronic prostatitis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27678. [PMID: 34797291 PMCID: PMC8601303 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis is a common andrological disease, which brings many troubles to the lives of middle-aged and elderly male patients. With the increase of modern life pressure, the incidence of chronic prostatitis tends to younger, but its etiology and pathogenesis are not fully elucidated. Which seriously affects men's health? Relevant studies have shown that acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a good effect on the treatment of chronic prostatitis compared with conventional western medicine; however, there is no consistent conclusion at present. The main purpose of this study is to explore whether acupuncture combined with TCM is effective in treating chronic prostatitis. METHODS The collection of randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture and TCM for chronic prostatitis will search the following electronic databases, including: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Weipu. There are 8 electronic databases including the VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database and the China Biomedical Literature Database. The cure rate and total effective rate are the main indicators, and the recurrence rate and adverse events are the secondary indicators. Meta-analysis using RevMan5.4 provided by Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS This study will provide the latest evidence of efficacy for the acupuncture combined with TCM in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of acupuncture combined with TCM for chronic prostatitis will be evaluated. UNIQUE INPLASY NUMBER INPLASY202130083.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhangren Yan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenli Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhong
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|