1
|
Vinodhini J, Rajendran L, Abirami R, Karthikeyan G. Co-existence of chlorosis inducing strain of Cucumber mosaic virus with tospoviruses on hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) in India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8796. [PMID: 33888846 PMCID: PMC8062535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumo- and tospoviruses are the most destructive viruses infecting hot pepper (chilli). A diagnostic survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of cucumo and tospoviruses in chilli growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. Infected plants showing mosaic with chlorotic and necrotic rings, veinal necrosis, mosaic mottling, leaf filiformity and malformation were collected. Molecular indexing carried out through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with coat protein gene specific primer of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tospovirus degenerate primer corresponding to the L segment (RdRp). Ostensibly, amplifications were observed for both CMV and tospoviruses as sole as well for mixed infections. The sequence analysis indicated that the Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) to be involved with CMV in causing combined infections. The co-infection of CMV with CaCV was detected in 10.41% of the symptomatic plant samples and combined infection of CMV with GBNV was recorded in around 6.25% of the symptomatic plants surveyed. The amino acid substitution of Ser129 over conserved Pro129 in coat protein of CMV implies that CMV strain involved in mixed infection as chlorosis inducing strain. Further, the electron microscopy of symptomatic plant samples explicated the presence of isometric particles of CMV and quasi spherical particles of tospoviruses. This is the first molecular evidence for the natural co-existence of chlorosis inducing CMV strain with CaCV and GBNV on hot pepper in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vinodhini
- grid.412906.80000 0001 2155 9899Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - L. Rajendran
- grid.412906.80000 0001 2155 9899Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - R. Abirami
- grid.412906.80000 0001 2155 9899Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - G. Karthikeyan
- grid.412906.80000 0001 2155 9899Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup IB infecting chilli in Tamil Nadu, India. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:500. [PMID: 33163319 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) is the most primitive virus infecting chilli (Capsicum annuum. L). The mosaic incidence with leaf filiformity, mosaic mottling and stunted growth was observed in major chilli growing regions of Tamil Nadu. CMV sap was inoculated on chilli, cowpea, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, banana, cucumber, Nicotiana and Chenopodium plants. Host range studies revealed that CMV produced localized infection on Nicotiana and systemic symptoms on most of the test plants. The occurrence of CMV was confirmed through DAC-ELISA and RT-PCR analysis. Host plant samples tested with DAC-ELISA showed strong reaction with 1.7 optical density. For molecular characterization, total RNA isolated from infected plants used in RT-PCR with CMV specific primers. The specific amplicons were cloned and sequenced. The complete genome sequencing depicts CMV-RNA1 consist of 3339 nucleotides (nt), RNA2 and RNA3 with 3052nt and 2027nt respectively. Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analysis showed TN CMV isolates closely associated with subgroup IB rather than subgroup IA and II. Comparative sequence analysis indicates replicase protein to be more variable among five genes. CP sequence analysis showed 97-98 per cent identity with subgroup IB strains, 92-93 per cent identity with subgroup IA strains and 81-82 per cent identity with subgroup II strains. CMV-RNA3 was predicted to have recombination with Indian black pepper isolate (KU947031) between 165-505nt and Egyptian tomato isolate (KX014666) between 165-506nt positions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavithra BS, Govin K, Renuka HM, Krishnareddy M, Jalali S, Samuel DK, Himabindu K. Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus infecting coleus ( Plectranthus barbatus) in Karnataka. Virusdisease 2019; 30:403-412. [PMID: 31803808 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectranthus barbatus also known by the synonym Coleus forskohlii it is called as forskohlii and Indian coleus. It is a tropical perennial herb belongs to the family Lamiaceae widely cultivated in India used as traditional medicinal crop. Its tuberous roots produce forskolin, an extract useful for pharmaceutical preparations and research in cell biology. The incidence of mosaic with dark and light green patches, mottling, leaf distortion and reduction growth was noticed in commercial cultivation of coleus. For identification of the virus, the infected leaf sample extract was mechanically inoculated to different hosts such as chilli, tobacco, tomato, cucumber, cowpea and Chenopodium amaranticolor. Host range studies revealed that the virus showed severe mosaic symptoms on Nicotiana spp. and Cucumis spp. The virus produced systemic and local lesion symptoms in a different host. The Leaf dip preparation of virus infected leaf extract was observed under an electron microscope showed the presence of isometric particles of 28 nm in size. The healthy and infected samples were tested using DAC-ELISA against antibodies of CMV, GBNV and TSV the infected samples showed strong positive reaction with 1.85 optical density to CMV antibodies indicated the presence of CMV. For molecular identification, total RNA was isolated and used for RT-PCR amplification using CMV specific primers. RT-PCR resulted in the positive amplification in virus infected samples but not from a healthy control. The complete genome of CMV RNA-1 consists of 3360 nucleotides (nt) encoding replicase gene of 807 amino acids (aa). The CMV RNA-2 was 2983 nt in length containing 2a (859 aa) encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase protein and 2b encoding viral silencing suppressor (112 aa), while RNA-3 encoding 3a movement protein (280 aa) and coat protein (219 aa) was 2223 nt in length. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of coleus CMV isolate is closely related to subgroup IB than to subgroup IA or II with other CMV isolates. In recombination analysis, the recombination event occurs between the subgroups of I, II as well as IA and IB in RNA 1, RNA2 and RNA3 of coleus isolate with other CMV isolates. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in coleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Pavithra
- 1Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kedarnath Govin
- 2Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - H M Renuka
- 1Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Krishnareddy
- 1Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Jalali
- 1Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - D K Samuel
- 1Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - K Himabindu
- 3Division of Floriculture and Medicinal Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur C, Raj R, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Raj SK. Sequence analysis of six full-length bean yellow mosaic virus genomes reveals phylogenetic diversity in India strains, suggesting subdivision of phylogenetic group-IV. Arch Virol 2017; 163:235-242. [PMID: 29052788 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of five bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolates (CK-GL1, CK-GL3, CK-GL4, CK-GL5 and Vfaba2) that share 74.6-98.9% (nucleotide) and 81.5-99.1% (amino acid) identity with globally available BYMV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them specifically in BYMV phylogenetic group-IV within the existing nine groups. The CK-GL1, CK-GL2, CK-GL4 and CK-GL5 isolates formed a discrete cluster within group-IV. The present study suggests subdivision of group-IV into subgroup-IVa and IVb. Moreover, infectivity assays using in vitro RNA transcripts from subgroup-IVa (CK-GL3 isolate) and IVb (CK-GL1 isolate) showed distinct biological differences between the isolates supporting subdivision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charanjeet Kaur
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Rashmi Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India.,Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 313, India
| | - Susheel Kumar
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India. .,Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India.
| | - Shri Krishna Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elsharkawy MM, Shimizu M, Takahashi H, Ozaki K, Hyakumachi M. Induction of Systemic Resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana by Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 29:193-200. [PMID: 25288946 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.si.07.2012.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 is a microbial pesticide that is very effective against various diseases. Our study was undertaken to evaluate T. asperellum SKT-1 for induction of resistance against yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) in Arabidopsis plants. Disease severity was rated at 2 weeks post inoculation (WPI). CMV titre in Arabidopsis leaves was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 WPI. Our results demonstrated that among all Arabidopsis plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1 NahG and npr1 plants showed no significant reduction in disease severity and CMV titre as compared with control plants. In contrast, disease severity and CMV titre were significantly reduced in all Arabidopsis plants treated with culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1 as compared with control plants. RT-PCR results showed increased expression levels of SA-inducible genes, but not JA/ET-inducible genes, in leaves of BGI treated plants. Moreover, expression levels of SA- and JA/ET-inducible genes were increased in leaves of CF treated plants. In conclusion, BGI treatment induced systemic resistance against CMV through SA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis plants. While, treatment with CF of SKT-1 mediated the expression of a majority of the various pathogen related genes, which led to the increased defense mechanism against CMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, 33516, Egypt
| | - Masafumi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Hyakumachi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumari R, Bhardwaj P, Singh L, Zaidi AA, Hallan V. Biological and Molecular Characterization of Cucumber mosaic virus Subgroup II Isolate Causing Severe Mosaic in Cucumber. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:27-34. [PMID: 24426254 PMCID: PMC3650197 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has a wide host range causing severe damage in many important agricultural and ornamental crops. Earlier reports showed the prevalence of CMV subgroup I isolates in India. However, some recent reports point towards increasing incidence of subgroup II isolates in the country. The complete genome of a CMV isolate causing severe mosaic in cucumber was characterized and its phylogenetic analysis with other 21 CMV isolates reported worldwide clustered it with subgroup II strains. The genome comprised of RNA 1 (3,379 nucleotides), RNA 2 (3,038 nucleotides) and RNA 3 (2,206 nucleotides). The isolate showed highest homology with subgroup II isolates: 95.1-98.7, 87.7-98.0, and 85.4-97.1 % within RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3, respectively. RNA1 and RNA2 were closely related to the Japanese isolate while RNA3 clustered with an American isolate. Host range studies revealed that isolate showed severe mosaic symptoms on Nicotiana spp. and Cucumis spp. The isolate induced leaf deformation and mild filiform type symptoms in tomato. To best of our knowledge this is the first report of complete genome of CMV subgroup II isolate from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Kumari
- Plant Virology Lab, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 HP India
| | - Pooja Bhardwaj
- Plant Virology Lab, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 HP India
| | - Lakhmir Singh
- Plant Virology Lab, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 HP India
| | - Aijaz A. Zaidi
- Plant Virology Lab, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 HP India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Plant Virology Lab, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 HP India
| |
Collapse
|