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Kardoudi A, Siham F, Abdelmounaaim A, Faouzi K, Ikram O, Thomas J, Abdelouaheb B. A snapshot on molecular technologies for diagnosing FAdV infections. Front Vet Sci 2025; 12:1558257. [PMID: 40370821 PMCID: PMC12075531 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1558257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are prevalent in chickens worldwide, responsible for several poultry diseases, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and gizzard erosion (GE), which result in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Consequently, detection and efficient identification of FAdV serotypes are becoming extremely urgent to monitor outbreaks and develop vaccination strategies. Conventional PCR (cPCR) tests, combined with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) or sequencing, were developed for FAdV diagnosis. Although these molecular tests have considerably improved the accuracy of FAdV diagnosis compared with conventional methods, certain drawbacks remain unresolved, including lack of sensitivity and post-PCR analysis. Subsequently, advanced molecular technologies such as real-time PCR (qPCR), Loop Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), Cross-Priming Amplification (CPA), Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA), Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR), Dot Blot Assay Combined with cPCR, Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR (nano-PCR), PCR-Refractory Quantitative Amplification (ARMS-qPCR), CRISPR/Cas13a Technology, and High-Resolution Melting Curve (HRM), have been developed to improve FAdV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kardoudi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fellahi Siham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Kichou Faouzi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouchhour Ikram
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jackson Thomas
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Benani Abdelouaheb
- Medical Biology Department, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
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Zhuang L, Zhao Y, Shen J, Sun L, Hao P, Yang J, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Advances in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus research: genome, epidemiology, vaccines, and detection methods. DISCOVER NANO 2025; 20:48. [PMID: 40029472 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-025-04220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The economic impact of PEDV on the global pig industry has been significant, resulting in considerable losses. This paper presents a review of the latest research progress on PEDV genome, molecular epidemiology, vaccine development, and molecular detection methods. It was determined that the genetic diversity of the PEDV spike (S) gene was closely associated with the epidemiological trend of PEDV. The prevalence of S gene variants of different genotypes exhibited variability across regions and pig populations. Epidemiological analyses have demonstrated that PEDV can be transmitted via multiple routes, including direct contact, airborne aerosol, and water source contamination. With regard to vaccine research, the available vaccines can be classified into several categories, including live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, bacterial vector vaccines, viral vector vaccines, mRNA vaccines, etc. Each of these has distinctive characteristics in terms of immunogenicity, protection efficiency, and safety. Molecular detection methods, including PCR-based methods, isothermal amplification techniques, immunological assays, and biosensors, play an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of PEDV. Furthermore, this paper examines the current developments in PEDV research and identifies the key areas of future investigation. The objective of this paper is to establish a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control strategies of PED, and to provide a point of reference for further research on the genomics, epidemiology, vaccine development and detection methods of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhuang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Shen
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Hao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuping Shen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, People's Republic of China.
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Luo Z, Ni K, Zhou Y, Chang G, Yu J, Zhang C, Yin W, Chen D, Li S, Kuang S, Zhang P, Li K, Bai J, Wang X. Inactivation of two SARS-CoV-2 virus surrogates by electron beam irradiation on large yellow croaker slices and their packaging surfaces. Food Control 2023; 144:109340. [PMID: 36091572 PMCID: PMC9445444 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in food and food packaging associated with the cold chain has raised concerns about the possible transmission pathway of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in foods transported through cold-chain logistics and the need for novel decontamination strategies. In this study, the effect of electron beam (E-beam) irradiation on the inactivation of two SARS-CoV-2surrogate, viruses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), in culture medium and food substrate, and on food substrate were investigated. The causes of virus inactivation were also investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Quantitative Real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Samples packed inside and outside, including virus-inoculated large yellow croaker and virus suspensions, were irradiated with E-beam irradiation (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 kGy) under refrigerated (0 °C)and frozen (-18 °C) conditions. The titers of both viruses in suspension and fish decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of E-beam irradiation. The maximum D10 value of both viruses in suspension and fish was 1.24 kGy. E-beam irradiation at doses below 10 kGy was found to destroy the spike proteins of both SARS-CoV-2 surrogate viruses by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and negative staining of thin-sectioned specimens, rendering them uninfectious. E-beam irradiation at doses greater than 10 kGy was also found to degrade viral genomic RNA by qRT-PCR. There were no significant differences in color, pH, TVB-N, TBARS, and sensory properties of irradiated fish samples at doses below 10 kGy. These findings suggested that E-beam irradiation has the potential to be developed as an efficient non-thermal treatment to reduce SARS-CoV-2 contamination in foods transported through cold chain foods to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans through the cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghong Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ke Ni
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Guanhong Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenqi Yin
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Dishi Chen
- Sichuan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kui Li
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junqing Bai
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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4
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Yang Z, Shen B, Yue L, Miao Y, Hu Y, Ouyang R. Application of Nanomaterials to Enhance Polymerase Chain Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248854. [PMID: 36557991 PMCID: PMC9781713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is one of the most common technologies used to produce millions of copies of targeted nucleic acid in vitro and has become an indispensable technique in molecular biology. However, it suffers from low efficiency and specificity problems, false positive results, and so on. Although many conditions can be optimized to increase PCR yield, such as the magnesium ion concentration, the DNA polymerases, the number of cycles, and so on, they are not all-purpose and the optimization can be case dependent. Nano-sized materials offer a possible solution to improve both the quality and productivity of PCR. In the last two decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention and gradually penetrated the field of life sciences because of their unique chemical and physical properties, such as their large surface area and small size effect, which have greatly promoted developments in life science and technology. Additionally, PCR technology assisted by NPs (NanoPCR) such as gold NPs (Au NPs), quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc., have been developed to significantly improve the specificity, efficiency, and sensitivity of PCR and to accelerate the PCR reaction process. This review discusses the roles of different types of NPs used to enhance PCR and summarizes their possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yang
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, School Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bei Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lihuan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, School Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (R.O.)
| | - Yihong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (R.O.)
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, School Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (R.O.)
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5
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Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR Assay for the Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151953. [PMID: 35953942 PMCID: PMC9367258 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C. parvum is an important diarrheal pathogen in humans and animals, especially in young hosts. To accurately and rapidly detect C. parvum infection in calves, we established a nano-PCR assay targeting the cgd3_330 gene for the specific detection of C. parvum. This nano-PCR assay was ten times more sensitive than that of the normal PCR assay by applying the same primers and did not cross-react with C. andersoni, C. bovis, C. ryanae, Balantidium coli, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis sp. To further test the nano-PCR in clinical settings, a total of 20 faecal samples from calves were examined by using the nano-PCR, the normal PCR, and the nested PCR assays. The positive rates were 30% (6/20), 30% (6/20), and 25% (5/20) for the nano-PCR, the normal PCR, and the nested PCR assays, respectively, indicating that the nano-PCR and the normal PCR assays had the same positive rate (30%). Taken together, the present study could provide a candidate method for the specific detection of C. parvum infection in calves in clinical settings.
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Song L, Chen J, Hao P, Jiang Y, Xu W, Li L, Chen S, Gao Z, Jin N, Ren L, Li C. Differential Transcriptomics Analysis of IPEC-J2 Cells Single or Coinfected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844657. [PMID: 35401515 PMCID: PMC8989846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are two highly contagious intestinal diseases in the swine industry worldwide. Notably, coinfection of TGEV and PEDV is common in piglets with diarrhea-related diseases. In this study, intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were single or coinfected with PEDV and/or TGEV, followed by the comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), especially interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), between different groups via transcriptomics analysis and real-time qPCR. The antiviral activity of swine interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (sIFITM3) on PEDV and TGEV infection was also evaluated. The results showed that DEGs can be detected in the cells infected with PEDV, TGEV, and PEDV+TGEV at 12, 24, and 48 hpi, and the number of DEGs was the highest at 24 hpi. The DEGs are mainly annotated to the GO terms of protein binding, immune system process, organelle part, and intracellular organelle part. Furthermore, 90 ISGs were upregulated during PEDV or TGEV infection, 27 of which were associated with antiviral activity, including ISG15, OASL, IFITM1, and IFITM3. Furthermore, sIFITM3 can significantly inhibit PEDV and TGEV infection in porcine IPEC-J2 cells and/or monkey Vero cells. Besides, sIFITM3 can also inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in Vero cells. These results indicate that sIFITM3 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Luan Q, Jiang Z, Wang D, Wang S, Yin Y, Wang J. A sensitive triple nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay for detection of fowl adenovirus, infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anemia virus. J Virol Methods 2022; 303:114499. [PMID: 35217101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in chickens have resulted in global economic losses in the poultry industry. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) infections lead to immunosuppression in chickens, and concomitant co- infection with FAdV usually produces severe and lethal infections. These co-infections are common occurrences on chicken farms and affect large number of chickens. Thus, a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test for these viruses becomes a prerequisite to effective control and isolation measures. We developed a triplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nano-PCR) assay that can simultaneously detect these 3 viruses in a single assay tube using PCR primers directed at respective specific genes of each virus. The assay was specific for FAdVs, CAV and IBDV, and it did not amplify Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, egg drop syndrome virus or Marek's disease virus. The minimum detection limit was 27.2 femtogram (fg) for all three viruses and was 1000-fold more sensitive than multiplex PCR using identical primers. Screening of 69 clinical samples from 40 to 50 days old chickens with obvious lesions in liver using the nano-PCR compared with a multiplex PCR yielded identical results. Of the 69 samples, 13 were detected positive including 4 for FAdV, 4 for IBDV and 6 for CAV single virus infections, respectively, as well as 5 for FAdV/CAV, 2 for FAdV/IBDV and 3 for IBDV/CAV co-infections. The triple nano-PCR assay developed in our laboratory is a sensitive, specific and simple method that can be used for detection of FAdV, CAV and IBDV as single or mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhiyao Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shouchun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Su Y, Chu H, Tian J, Du Z, Xu W. Insight into the nanomaterials enhancement mechanism of nucleic acid amplification reactions. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Porcine enteric coronaviruses: an updated overview of the pathogenesis, prevalence, and diagnosis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:75-86. [PMID: 34251560 PMCID: PMC8273569 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent prevalence of coronavirus (CoV) poses a serious threat to animal and human health. Currently, porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs), including the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the novel emerging swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), and re-emerging porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), which infect pigs of different ages, have caused more frequent occurrences of diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration with high morbidity and mortality in piglets. PECs have the potential for cross-species transmission and are causing huge economic losses in the pig industry in China and the world, which therefore needs to be urgently addressed. Accordingly, this article summarises the pathogenicity, prevalence, and diagnostic methods of PECs and provides an important reference for their improved diagnosis, prevention, and control.
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Ma X, Li Y, Liu R, Wei W, Ding C. Development of a sensitive and specific nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay for detecting HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3793-3798. [PMID: 32356914 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma precursor lesion caused by persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 is known as a principal inducer of cervical cancer. Therefore, rapid and effective detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18 infection at early stage is an important strategy for preventing such disease. In this study, a novel duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoPCR) assay was developed to detect both of the two genotypes simultaneously. Two pairs of primers for nanoPCR were designed based on the conserved region within the early 6 (E6) gene of HPV-16 and HPV-18, respectively. After optimizing reaction conditions, the nanoPCR assay displayed 10-fold more sensitive than that of conventional PCR and showed high specificity. The detection limit of nanoPCR was 1.7 × 101 copies/μL for HPV-16, 1.2 × 102 copies/μL for HPV-18, and no cross-reaction was detected after using other viruses or HPV subtypes as templates. Of 209 clinical samples collected from patients, as also confirmed by sequencing, the nanoPCR method gave consistent results with conventional PCR assay: 7 positives for HPV-16, 4 positives for HPV-18, and no co-infection. Here is the first report to introduce a reproducible nanoPCR assay for detecting HPV DNA with high sensitivity and specificity, which may point out a useful diagnostic tool for potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Ma
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of The Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Wei
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changping Ding
- Department of The Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Alphandéry E. The Potential of Various Nanotechnologies for Coronavirus Diagnosis/Treatment Highlighted through a Literature Analysis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1873-1882. [PMID: 32639742 PMCID: PMC7359670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current COVID-19 outbreak, it has become essential to develop efficient methods for the treatment and detection of this virus. Among the new approaches that could be tested, that relying on nanotechnology finds one of its main grounds in the similarity between nanoparticle (NP) and coronavirus (COV) sizes, which promotes NP-COV interactions. Since COVID-19 is very recent, most studies in this field have focused on other types of coronavirus than COVID-19, such as those involved in MERS or SARS diseases. Although their number is limited, they have led to promising results on various COV using a wide range of different types of nanosystems, e.g., nanoparticles, quantum dos, or nanoassemblies of polymers/proteins. Additional efforts deserve to be spent in this field to consolidate these findings. Here, I first summarize the different nanotechnology-based methods used for COV detection, i.e., optical, electrical, or PCR ones, whose sensitivity was improved by the presence of nanoparticles. Furthermore, I present vaccination methods, which comprise nanoparticles used either as adjuvants or as active principles. They often yield a better-controlled immune response, possibly due to an improved antigen presentation/processing than in non-nanoformulated vaccines. Certain antiviral approaches also took advantage of nanoparticle uses, leading to specific mechanisms such as the blocking of virus replication at the cellular level or the reduction of a COV induced apoptotic cellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Paris Sorbonne
Université, Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de
Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de
Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005, Paris, France
- Nanobacterie
SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris,
France
- Institute of Anatomy, UZH
University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190,
CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Uskoković V. Why have nanotechnologies been underutilized in the global uprising against the coronavirus pandemic? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1719-1734. [PMID: 32462968 PMCID: PMC7265684 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research on nanotechnologies in diagnostics, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections is reviewed. Gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots in colorimetric and immunochromatographic assays, silica nanoparticles in the polymerase chain reaction and spike protein nanospheres as antigen carriers and adjuvants in vaccine formulations present notable examples in diagnostics and prevention, while uses of nanoparticles in coronavirus infection treatments have been merely sporadic. The current absence of antiviral therapeutics that specifically target human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, might be largely due to the underuse of nanotechnologies. Elucidating the interface between nanoparticles and coronaviruses is timely, but presents the only route to the rational design of precisely targeted therapeutics for coronavirus infections. Such a fundamental approach is also a viable prophylaxis against future pandemics of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Engineering Gateway 4200, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Rapid and efficient detection methods of pathogenic swine enteric coronaviruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6091-6100. [PMID: 32430534 PMCID: PMC7235545 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Porcine enteric coronaviruses (CoVs) cause highly contagious enteric diarrhea in suckling piglets. These COV infections are characterized by clinical signs of vomiting, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high morbidity and mortality, resulting in significant economic losses and tremendous threats to the pig farming industry worldwide. Because the clinical manifestations of pigs infected by different CoVs are similar, it is difficult to differentiate between the specific pathogens. Effective high-throughput detection methods are powerful tools used in the prevention and control of diseases. The immune system of piglets is not well developed, so serological methods to detect antibodies against these viruses are not suitable for rapid and early detection. This paper reviews various PCR-based methods used for the rapid and efficient detection of these pathogenic CoVs in swine intestines. Key points Swine enteric coronaviruses (CoVs) emerged and reemerged in past years. Enteric CoVs infect pigs at all ages with high mortality rate in suckling pigs. Rapid and efficient detection methods are needed and critical for diagnosis.
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Characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a natural recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis virus in China. Virology 2020; 545:24-32. [PMID: 32174456 PMCID: PMC7112005 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is one of the major etiological agents of viral enteritis and fetal diarrhea in suckling piglets. In this study, a TGEV JS2012 strain was isolated from the feces of piglets in Jiangsu Province, China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that TGEV JS2012 was placed between the Purdue and the Miller clusters. Analysis of recombination confirmed that TGEV JS2012 is a natural recombinant strain between Miller M6 and Purdue 115. Similar to Miller M6, virulent Purdue and China strain TS, in S gene the JS2012 maintained genetic integrity and the characteristics of the TGEV virulent strains. In vivo, TGEV JS2012 caused 100% mortality in newborn piglets, indicating the strong pathogenicity of this isolate. These results reveal that the JS2012 is a novel natural recombinant TGEV with high virulence. Our findings provide valuable information about genetic diversity and infection mechanism of the coronavirus family.
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Ding G, Fu Y, Li B, Chen J, Wang J, Yin B, Sha W, Liu G. Development of a multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of major diarrhoeal viruses in pig herds in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:678-685. [PMID: 31597013 PMCID: PMC7168528 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The major enteric RNA viruses in pigs include porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine rotavirus A (PRV‐A), porcine kobuvirus (PKV), porcine sapovirus (PSaV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). For differential diagnosis, a multiplex RT‐PCR method was established on the basis of the N genes of TGEV, PEDV and PDCoV, the VP7 gene of PRV‐A, and the polyprotein genes of PKV and PSaV. This multiplex RT‐PCR could specifically detect TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, PRV‐A, PKV and PSaV without cross‐reaction to any other major viruses circulating in Chinese pig farms. The limit of detection of this method was as low as 100–101 ng cDNA of each virus. A total of 398 swine faecal samples collected from nine provinces of China between October 2015 and April 2017 were analysed by this established multiplex RT‐PCR. The results demonstrated that PDCoV (144/398), PSaV (114/398), PEDV (78/398) and PRV‐A (70/398) were the main pathogens, but TGEV was not found in the pig herds in China. In addition, dual infections, for example, PDCoV + PSaV, PDCoV + PRV‐A, PRA‐V + PSaV and PEDV + PDCoV, and triple infections, for example, PDCoV + PRV‐A + PSaV and PEDV + PDCoV + PKV, were found among the collected samples. The multiplex RT‐PCR provided a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis of swine enteric viruses circulating in Chinese pig farms and will facilitate the prevention and control of swine diarrhoea in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baishuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Wanli Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Wang J, Wang J, Zhang R, Liu L, Shi R, Han Q, Yuan W. Rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in swine small intestine samples using real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification. J Virol Methods 2018; 256:85-88. [PMID: 29550352 PMCID: PMC7113865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and specific real-time reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay (RT-RPA) was developed to detect the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in this study. The primers and exo probe were designed to be specific for a portion of spike (S) gene conserved in TGEV, but absent in the closely related porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). The amplification was performed at 40 °C for 20 min. The assay could only detect the TGEV, and there was no cross-reaction with other pathogens tested. Using the in vitro transcribed TGEV RNA as template, the limit of detection of the developed RT-RPA was 100 copies per reaction. The assay performance was evaluated by testing 76 clinical samples by RT-RPA and a real-time RT-PCR. Fourteen samples were TGEV RNA positive in RT-RPA (18.4%, 14/76), which were also positive in the real-time RT-PCR. The diagnostic agreement between the two assays was 100% (76/76). The R2 value of RT-RPA and real-time RT-PCR was 0.959 by linear regression analysis. The developed RT-RPA assay provides a useful alternative tool for rapid, simple and reliable detection of TGEV in resource-limited diagnostic laboratories and on-site facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, Shijiazhuang 050050, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ruihan Shi
- Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Qingan Han
- Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, Shijiazhuang 050050, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
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