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Braga A, Gomes D, Rainha J, Amorim C, Cardoso BB, Gudiña EJ, Silvério SC, Rodrigues JL, Rodrigues LR. Zymomonas mobilis as an emerging biotechnological chassis for the production of industrially relevant compounds. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:128. [PMID: 38650193 PMCID: PMC10992037 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis is a well-recognized ethanologenic bacterium with outstanding characteristics which make it a promising platform for the biotechnological production of relevant building blocks and fine chemicals compounds. In the last years, research has been focused on the physiological, genetic, and metabolic engineering strategies aiming at expanding Z. mobilis ability to metabolize lignocellulosic substrates toward biofuel production. With the expansion of the Z. mobilis molecular and computational modeling toolbox, the potential of this bacterium as a cell factory has been thoroughly explored. The number of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and fluxomic data that is becoming available for this bacterium has increased. For this reason, in the forthcoming years, systems biology is expected to continue driving the improvement of Z. mobilis for current and emergent biotechnological applications. While the existing molecular toolbox allowed the creation of stable Z. mobilis strains with improved traits for pinpointed biotechnological applications, the development of new and more flexible tools is crucial to boost the engineering capabilities of this bacterium. Novel genetic toolkits based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system and recombineering have been recently used for the metabolic engineering of Z. mobilis. However, they are mostly at the proof-of-concept stage and need to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Braga
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Gomes
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Rainha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Amorim
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz B Cardoso
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J Gudiña
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara C Silvério
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana L Rodrigues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Chilakamarry CR, Sakinah AMM, Zularisam AW, Pandey A. Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2021; 1:378-396. [PMID: 38624889 PMCID: PMC8182736 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrial and economic development runs on fossil fuel and other energy sources. Limited oil reserves, environmental issues, and high transportation costs lead towards carbon unbiased renewable and sustainable fuel. Compared to other carbon-based fuels, biodiesel is attracted worldwide as a biofuel for the reduction of global dependence on fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect. During biodiesel production, approximately 10% of glycerol is formed in the transesterification process in a biodiesel plant. The ditching of crude glycerol is important as it contains salt, free fatty acids, and methanol that cause contamination of soil and creates environmental challenges for researchers. However, the excessive cost of crude glycerol refining and market capacity encourage the biodiesel industries for developing a new idea for utilising and produced extra sources of income and treat biodiesel waste. This review focuses on the significance of crude glycerol in the value-added utilisation and conversion to bioethanol by a fermentation process and describes the opportunities of glycerol in various applications. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - A. M. Mimi Sakinah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - A. W. Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology , Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001 India
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Co-culture of Zymomonas mobilis and Scheffersomyces stipitis immobilized in polymeric membranes for fermentation of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Improving Fermentation of Steamed Stalk to Feed Using Candida utilis and Pachysolen tannophilus. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In order to improve the protein content of straw feed and reduce the amount of nutrients added, in this paper, the cell wall structure of corn stalk was destroyed by thermophilic digestion and the polysaccharide was degraded into monosaccharide by complex enzyme, and then transformed into bacterial protein by double strain Candida utilis 1807 and Pachysolen tannophilus 1771 fermentation. Single factor experiments and orthogonal test were made to obtain the best process for the feed of double-bacteria synchronous fermentation of stalks. The optimum amount of each nutrient and the inoculation amounts of double bacteria (accounts for the percentage of the original dry straw quality): ammonium sulfate 6.79%, urea 2.72%, yeast powder 1.63%, magnesium sulfate 0.27%, Candida utilis 54.31% and Pachysolen tannophilus 54.31%; The operational parameters of fermentation process were: fermentation temperature 29°C, rotate speed 100 r/min and fermentation time 55 hours. The yield of stalk feed and crude protein was 82.04%, 23.33%, respectively. The crude protein content of stalk feed was 28.44%, which was 4.33 times of original dry stalk. The results showed that the multi-strain distribution and degradation of protein production provide important significance for corn straw bio-utilization.
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Nosrati-Ghods N, Harrison STL, Isafiade AJ, Tai SL. Ethanol from Biomass Hydrolysates by Efficient Fermentation of Glucose and Xylose - A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods
- University of Cape Town; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment; Department of Chemical Engineering; Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Susan T. L. Harrison
- University of Cape Town; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment; Department of Chemical Engineering; Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Adeniyi J. Isafiade
- University of Cape Town; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment; Department of Chemical Engineering; Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Siew L. Tai
- University of Cape Town; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment; Department of Chemical Engineering; Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
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Second-Generation Bioethanol from Coconut Husk. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4916497. [PMID: 30363680 PMCID: PMC6180963 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4916497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is an important commercial crop in many tropical countries, but its industry generates large amounts of residue. One way to address this problem is to use this residue, coconut husk, to produce second-generation (2G) ethanol. The aim of this review is to describe the methods that have been used to produce bioethanol from coconut husk and to suggest ways to improve different steps of the process. The analysis performed in this review determined that alkaline pretreatment is the best choice for its delignification potential. It was also observed that although most reported studies use enzymes to perform hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis is a good alternative. Finally, ethanol production using different microorganisms and fermentation strategies is discussed and the possibility of obtaining other added-value products from coconut husk components by using a biorefinery scheme is addressed.
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Co-fermentation of cellobiose and xylose by mixed culture of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae and kinetic modeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199104. [PMID: 29940003 PMCID: PMC6016917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient conversion of cellulosic sugars in cellulosic hydrolysates is important for economically viable production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass, but the goal remains a critical challenge. The present study reports a new approach for simultaneous fermentation of cellobiose and xylose by using the co-culture consisting of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae specialist strains. The co-culture system can provide competitive advantage of modularity compared to the single culture system and can be tuned to deal with fluctuations in feedstock composition to achieve robust and cost-effective biofuel production. This study characterized fermentation kinetics of the recombinant cellobiose-consuming S. cerevisiae strain EJ2, xylose-consuming S. cerevisiae strain SR8, and their co-culture. The motivation for kinetic modeling was to provide guidance and prediction of using the co-culture system for simultaneous fermentation of mixed sugars with adjustable biomass of each specialist strain under different substrate concentrations. The kinetic model for the co-culture system was developed based on the pure culture models and incorporated the effects of product inhibition, initial substrate concentration and inoculum size. The model simulations were validated by results from independent fermentation experiments under different substrate conditions, and good agreement was found between model predictions and experimental data from batch fermentation of cellobiose, xylose and their mixtures. Additionally, with the guidance of model prediction, simultaneous co-fermentation of 60 g/L cellobiose and 20 g/L xylose was achieved with the initial cell densities of 0.45 g dry cell weight /L for EJ2 and 0.9 g dry cell weight /L SR8. The results demonstrated that the kinetic modeling could be used to guide the design and optimization of yeast co-culture conditions for achieving simultaneous fermentation of cellobiose and xylose with improved ethanol productivity, which is critically important for robust and efficient renewable biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Bioethanol a Microbial Biofuel Metabolite; New Insights of Yeasts Metabolic Engineering. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang X, Tsang YF, Li Y, Ma X, Cui S, Zhang TA, Hu J, Gao MT. Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds of rice straw formed by saccharification during ethanol fermentation by Pichia stipitis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1059-1067. [PMID: 28851161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was found that the type of phenolic acids derived from rice straw was the major factor affecting ethanol fermentation by Pichia stipitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on ethanol fermentation with rice straw. Different cellulases produced different ratios of free phenolic acids to soluble conjugated phenolic acids, resulting in different fermentation efficiencies. Free phenolic acids exhibited much higher inhibitory effect than conjugated phenolic acids. The flow cytometry results indicated that the damage to cell membranes was the primary mechanism of inhibition of ethanol fermentation by phenolic acids. The removal of free phenolic acids from the hydrolysates increased ethanol productivity by 2.0-fold, indicating that the free phenolic acids would be the major inhibitors formed during saccharification. The integrated process for ethanol and phenolic acids may constitute a new strategy for the production of low-cost ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiubing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shouqing Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tian-Ao Zhang
- Department of Architecture, Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Cunha-Pereira FD, Hickert LR, Rech R, Dillon AP, Ayub MAZ. Fermentation of hexoses and pentoses from hydrolyzed soybean hull into ethanol and xylitol by Candida guilliermondii BL 13. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170344s20160005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Rech
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Liu H, Hu H, Jin Y, Yue X, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Co-fermentation of a mixture of glucose and xylose to fumaric acid by Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:30-33. [PMID: 28258993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant biomass, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It can be converted into glucose and xylose, which could be utilized as carbon source to produce fumaric acid. But glucose and xylose were commonly used separately to produce fumaric acid, while the co-fermentation of glucose and xylose process was not studied so far. In this work, the co-fermentation process was researched through a new strain R. arrhizus RH 7-13-9# isolated from high concentration xylose. It was firstly proven to utilize glucose efficiently and 37.52g/L fumaric acid was obtained from 80g/L glucose. Furthermore, the effect of different ratios of glucose/xylose and carbon/nitrogen in the co-fermentation process was investigated and the best ratios were 75/25 (w/w) and 800/1 (w/w), where the yield of fumaric acid reached 46.78g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Huirong Hu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jin
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yue
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Meethit P, Ratanaprasit P, Sakdaronnarong C. Candida shehataeandSaccharomyces cerevisiaework synergistically to improve ethanol fermentation from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw hydrolysate in immobilized cell bioreactor. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pareena Meethit
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Mahidol University; Nakorn Pathom Thailand
| | - Pirayaprach Ratanaprasit
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Mahidol University; Nakorn Pathom Thailand
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Mahidol University; Nakorn Pathom Thailand
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14
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Castañón-Rodríguez JF, Domínguez-González JM, Ortíz-Muñiz B, Torrestiana-Sanchez B, de León JAR, Aguilar-Uscanga MG. Continuous multistep versus fed-batch production of ethanol and xylitol in a simulated medium of sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzates. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benigno Ortíz-Muñiz
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tierra Blanca; Tierra Blanca; Veracruz México
| | | | - José Alberto Ramírez de León
- Centro de Excelencia, Dirección General de Innovación Tecnológica; Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas; Tamaulipas México
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Singh LK, Majumder CB, Ghosh S. Development of sequential-co-culture system (Pichia stipitis and Zymomonas mobilis) for bioethanol production from Kans grass biomass. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Hickert LR, de Souza-Cruz PB, Rosa CA, Ayub MAZ. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of un-detoxified rice hull hydrolysate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ICV D254 and Spathaspora arborariae NRRL Y-48658 for the production of ethanol and xylitol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:112-116. [PMID: 23792660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Co-fermentation and simultaneous saccharification of rice hull hydrolysate (RHH) were investigated for the production of ethanol and xylitol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Spathaspora arborariae, or the combination of both. In bioreactor cultures under oxygen limitation, S. cerevisiae was capable of metabolizing glucose from RHH, which contained small amounts of acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural, achieving ethanol yields of 0.45 and concentrations of 10.5 g L(-1). In the co-culture of S. cerevisiae and S. arborariae pentoses and hexoses from RHH, were converted to ethanol and xylitol, with yields of 0.48 and 0.39, and concentrations of 11 g L(-1) and 3 g L(-1), respectively. The simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation using both yeasts produced ethanol and xylitol to final concentrations of 14.5 g L(-1) and 3 g L(-1), respectively. Results showed good prospects to use co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and S. arborariae for the bioconversion of RHH into ethanol and xylitol without further detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Raquel Hickert
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Hickert LR, da Cunha-Pereira F, de Souza-Cruz PB, Rosa CA, Ayub MAZ. Ethanogenic fermentation of co-cultures of Candida shehatae HM 52.2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ICV D254 in synthetic medium and rice hull hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:508-514. [PMID: 23391739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Candida shehatae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or the combination of these two yeasts in converting the mixed sugar composition of rice hull hydrolysate (RHH) as substrate for ethanol production is presented. In shake flask experiments, co-cultures showed ethanol yields (YP/S) of 0.42 and 0.51 in synthetic medium simulating the sugar composition of RHH and in RHH, respectively, with both glucose and xylose being completely depleted, while pure cultures of C. shehatae produced slightly lower ethanol yields (0.40). Experiments were scaled-up to bioreactors, in which anaerobiosis and oxygen limitation conditions were tested. Bioreactor co-cultures produced similar ethanol yields in both conditions (0.50-0.51) in synthetic medium, while in RHH, yields of 0.48 and 0.44 were obtained, respectively. The results showed near-theoretical yields of ethanol. Results suggest the feasibility of co-cultures of C. shehatae, a newly isolated strain, and S. cerevisiae in RHH as substrate for second-generation ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Raquel Hickert
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av., Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Draft genome sequence of the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus CBS 4044/NRRL Y-2460. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:827. [PMID: 22645232 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00114-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A draft genome sequence of the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus CBS 4044/NRRL Y-2460 is presented. The organism has the potential to be developed as a cell factory for biorefineries due to its ability to utilize waste feedstocks. The sequenced genome size was 12,238,196 bp, consisting of 34 scaffolds. A total of 4,463 genes from 5,346 predicted open reading frames were annotated with function.
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Ethanol Production from Nondetoxified Dilute-Acid Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate by Cocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 and Pichia stipitis CBS6054. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:656371. [PMID: 22792472 PMCID: PMC3389643 DOI: 10.1155/2012/656371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5 (CGMCC no. 2660) and Issatchenkia orientalis Y4 (CGMCC no. 2159) were combined individually with Pichia stipitis CBS6054 to establish the cocultures of Y5 + CBS6054 and Y4 + CBS6054. The coculture Y5 + CBS6054 effectively metabolized furfural and HMF and converted xylose and glucose mixture to ethanol with ethanol concentration of 16.6 g/L and ethanol yield of 0.46 g ethanol/g sugar, corresponding to 91.2% of the maximal theoretical value in synthetic medium. Accordingly, the nondetoxified dilute-acid hydrolysate was used to produce ethanol by co-culture Y5 + CBS6054. The co-culture consumed glucose along with furfural and HMF completely in 12 h, and all xylose within 96 h, resulting in a final ethanol concentration of 27.4 g/L and ethanol yield of 0.43 g ethanol/g sugar, corresponding to 85.1% of the maximal theoretical value. The results indicated that the co-culture of Y5 + CBS6054 was a satisfying combination for ethanol production from non-detoxified dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolysates. This co-culture showed a promising prospect for industrial application.
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Eiadpum A, Limtong S, Phisalaphong M. High-temperature ethanol fermentation by immobilized coculture of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:325-9. [PMID: 22608995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Suspended and immobilized cocultures of the thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus DMKU 3-1042 and the mesophilic flocculent yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae M30 were studied for their abilities to improve production and stability of ethanol fermentation. Sugarcane juice and blackstrap molasses, at initial sugar concentrations of 220 g/L, were used as carbon sources. The results indicated that the coculture system could improve ethanol production from both sugarcane juice and blackstrap molasses when the operating temperature ranged between 33 °C and 45 °C. High temperature tolerances were achieved when the coculture was immobilized. The immobilized coculture was more effective in high-temperature ethanol fermentation than the suspended cultures. The coculture immobilized on thin-shell silk cocoon and fermented at 37 °C and 40 °C generated maximal ethanol concentrations of 81.4 and 77.3 g/L, respectively, which were 5.9-8.7% and 16.8-39.0% higher than those of the suspended cultures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akekasit Eiadpum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Yanase H, Miyawaki H, Sakurai M, Kawakami A, Matsumoto M, Haga K, Kojima M, Okamoto K. Ethanol production from wood hydrolysate using genetically engineered Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1667-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Improved Ethanol and Reduced Xylitol Production from Glucose and Xylose Mixtures by the Mutant Strain of Candida shehatae ATCC 22984. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1781-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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Liu X, Jensen PR, Workman M. Bioconversion of crude glycerol feedstocks into ethanol by Pachysolen tannophilus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:579-86. [PMID: 22093973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol, the by-product of biodiesel production, is considered as a waste by biodiesel producers. This study demonstrated the potential of utilising the glycerol surplus through conversion to ethanol by the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus (CBS4044). This study demonstrates a robust bioprocess which was not sensitive to the batch variability in crude glycerol dependent on raw materials used for biodiesel production. The oxygen transfer rate (OTR) was a key factor for ethanol production, with lower OTR having a positive effect on ethanol production. The highest ethanol production was 17.5 g/L on 5% (v/v) crude glycerol, corresponding to 56% of the theoretical yield. A staged batch process achieved 28.1g/L ethanol, the maximum achieved so far for conversion of glycerol to ethanol in a microbial bioprocess. The fermentation physiology has been investigated as a means to designing a competitive bioethanol production process, potentially improving economics and reducing waste from industrial biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Center for Systems Microbiology, Department of Systems Biology, Building 301, Matematiktorvet, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Role of alcohols in growth, lipid composition, and membrane fluidity of yeasts, bacteria, and archaea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6400-8. [PMID: 21784917 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00694-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased membrane fluidity, which causes cofactor leakage and loss of membrane potential, has long been documented as a cause for decreased cell growth during exposure to ethanol, butanol, and other alcohols. Reinforcement of the membrane with more complex lipid components is thus thought to be beneficial for the generation of more tolerant organisms. In this study, organisms with more complex membranes, namely, archaea, did not maintain high growth rates upon exposure to alcohols, indicating that more complex lipids do not necessarily fortify the membrane against the fluidizing effects of alcohols. In the presence of alcohols, shifts in lipid composition to more saturated and unbranched lipids were observed in most of the organisms tested, including archaea, yeasts, and bacteria. However, these shifts did not always result in a decrease in membrane fluidity or in greater tolerance of the organism to alcohol exposure. In general, organisms tolerating the highest concentrations of alcohols maintained membrane fluidity after alcohol exposure, whereas organisms that increased membrane rigidity were less tolerant. Altered lipid composition was a common response to alcohol exposure, with the most tolerant organisms maintaining a modestly fluid membrane. Our results demonstrate that increased membrane fluidity is not the sole cause of growth inhibition and that alcohols may also denature proteins within the membrane and cytosol, adversely affecting metabolism and decreasing cell growth.
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Li Y, Park JY, Shiroma R, Tokuyasu K. Bioethanol production from rice straw by a sequential use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis with heat inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells prior to xylose fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:682-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Pinilla L, Torres R, Ortiz C. Bioethanol production in batch mode by a native strain of Zymomonas mobilis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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da Cunha-Pereira F, Hickert LR, Sehnem NT, de Souza-Cruz PB, Rosa CA, Ayub MAZ. Conversion of sugars present in rice hull hydrolysates into ethanol by Spathaspora arborariae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their co-fermentations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4218-4225. [PMID: 21220201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The production of ethanol by the new yeast Spathaspora arborariae using rice hull hydrolysate (RHH) as substrate, either alone or in co-cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. Cultivations were also carried out in synthetic medium to gather physiological information on these systems, especially concerning their ability to grow and produce ethanol in the presence of acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural, which are toxic compounds usually present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. S. arborariae was able to metabolize xilose and glucose present in the hydrolysate, with ethanol yields (Y(P/S)(et)) of 0.45. In co-cultures, ethanol yields peaked to 0.77 and 0.62 in the synthetic medium and in RHH, respectively. When the toxic compounds were added to the synthetic medium, their presence produced negative effects on biomass formation and ethanol productivity. This work shows good prospects for the use of the new yeast S. arborariae alone and in co-cultures with S. cerevisiae for ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Cunha-Pereira
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, ZC 91501-970, Brazil
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28
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Chen Y. Development and application of co-culture for ethanol production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose: a systematic review. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:581-97. [PMID: 21104106 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic glucose and xylose mixture or various biomass hydrolysates are examined. Strain combinations, fermentation modes and conditions, and fermentation performance for these co-culture systems are compared and discussed. It is noted that the combination of Pichia stipitis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or its respiratory-deficient mutant is most commonly used. One of the best results for fermentation of glucose and xylose mixture is achieved by using co-culture of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and free cells of P. stipitis, giving volumetric ethanol production of 1.277 g/l/h and ethanol yield of 0.49-0.50 g/g. The review discloses that, as a strategy for efficient conversion of glucose and xylose, co-culture fermentation for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can increase ethanol yield and production rate, shorten fermentation time, and reduce process costs, and it is a promising technology although immature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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29
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Ulber R, Sieker T, Tippkötter N, Bart HJ, Dimitrova D, Heinzle E, Neuner A. Grassilage als Rohstoff für die chemische Industrie. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Liu T, Lin L, Sun Z, Hu R, Liu S. Bioethanol fermentation by recombinant E. coli FBR5 and its robust mutant FBHW using hot-water wood extract hydrolyzate as substrate. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:602-8. [PMID: 20478373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose is a potential by-product currently under-utilized in the papermaking industry. It is a hetero-carbohydrate polymer. For hardwood hemicelluloses, D-xylose is the major component upon depolymerization. At SUNY-ESF, wood extracts were obtained by extracting sugar maple wood chips with hot water at an elevated temperature. The wood extracts were then concentrated and acid hydrolyzed. Ethanologenic bacteria, E. coli FBR5, had a good performance in pure xylose medium for ethanol production. However, FBR5 was strongly inhibited in dilute sulfuric acid hydrolyzate of hot-water wood extract. FBR5 was challenged by hot-water wood extract hydrolyzate in this study. After repeated strain adaptation, an improved strain: E. coli FBHW was obtained. Fermentation experiments indicated that FBHW was resistant to the toxicity of hydrolyzate in the fermentation media of concentrated hydrolyzate, and xylose was completely utilized by the strain to produce ethanol. FBHW was grown in the concentrated hydrolyzate without any detoxification treatment and has yielded 36.8g/L ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, PR China
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31
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Ulber R, Poth S, Monzon M, Tippkötter N. Prozessintegration von Hydrolyse und Fermentation von Cellulose- Faserstoff. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Fu N, Peiris P, Markham J, Bavor J. A novel co-culture process with Zymomonas mobilis and Pichia stipitis for efficient ethanol production on glucose/xylose mixtures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zhang C, Yang H, Yang F, Ma Y. Current progress on butyric acid production by fermentation. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:656-63. [PMID: 19727942 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several issues of butyric acid production with bacteria through fermentation are presented in this review. The current progress including the utilization of butyric acid, the production strains, the metabolic pathway, and regulation are presented in the paper. Process operation modes such as batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation are being discussed. Genetic engineering technologies for microbial strain improvement are also being discussed and fermentation systems have been recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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