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Luo J, Huang Y, Gao G, Chien CW, Tung TH. Association between sedentary behavior and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Psychiatry 2025; 25:451. [PMID: 40325378 PMCID: PMC12054141 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-025-06887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and dementia among the general adult population. METHODS We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library from their inception to November 3, 2024. Two authors independently extracted the data from included studies, including hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to assess the risk of dementia among individuals with SB. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We used a random effects model if I2 > 50% and p < 0.10; otherwise, a fixed-effect model was used. In addition, we assessed publication bias by funnel plot, and performed leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. RESULTS We included ten cohort studies, nine of which were of high quality. Our analysis demonstrated an increased risk of dementia among individuals with SB (pooled HRs, 1.17; 95% CIs, 1.06-1.29). Individuals with high sedentary time (ST), defined by TV viewing, demonstrated a 31% increased risk of dementia compared to those with low ST (pooled HRs, 1.31; 95% CIs, 1.25-1.37). No significantly increased risk for dementia was observed among individuals with high computer usage time (pooled HRs, 0.89; 95% CIs, 0.73-1.09). However, when SB was defined by other methods, individuals with high ST demonstrated a 33% increased risk of dementia compared to those with low ST (pooled HRs, 1.33; 95% CIs, 1.25-1.42). CONCLUSION SB increases the risk of dementia, but SB defined by computer usage time has not shown this association. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42023493109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Luo
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Gangqiang Gao
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Ecidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China.
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Chueh TY, Chen YC, Hung TM. Breaking up sitting enhances neurocognitive function which is associated with improved postprandial glucose regulation in healthy adults: A randomized crossover study. Physiol Behav 2025; 290:114744. [PMID: 39579950 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The glucose-centric hypothesis postulates that glycemic control may influence cognition. While research has examined the effects of breaking up sitting on blood glucose and inhibitory control, few studies have integrated these data and employed event-related potential (ERP) measures to delve into the neuroelectric processes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of breaking up sitting on postprandial blood glucose response, inhibitory control, and P3 component. METHODS Eighteen healthy male participants [25 ± 4 years, 23.5 ± 3.2 kg/m² (mean ± SD)] were subjected to 3.5 h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) or with 3 min walking at 6.4 km/h every 30 min (ACTIVE) trials in a randomized crossover design. The Stroop task was administered to assess inhibitory control before and after SIT and ACTIVE trials, and electroencephalography was employed to derive stimulus-elicited P3 component. Finger prick blood glucose levels were collected at baseline, 0.5 h, 1 h, and 3.5 h during the trials. RESULTS While no significant differences were found in inhibitory control performances between trials, greater P3 amplitude was found in the ACTIVE trial relative to the SIT trial (p = .041). Lower postprandial blood glucose iAUC was found in ACTIVE trial compared to SIT trial (p = .028), and this was correlated with the elevation of P3 amplitude (r = - 0.521, p = .023). CONCLUSION Breaking up sitting acutely facilitates neuroelectric indices of attentional processing, which is associated with the optimal postprandial blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chueh
- Master's Program of Transition and Leisure Education for Individuals with Disabilities, University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute for Research Excellence and Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Saito S, Dora K, Karaki M, Kunimatsu N, Tsukamoto H, Sugawara J, Iwamoto E, Ogoh S. Prolonged sitting is not associated with altered shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery, despite impairing lower limb endothelial function. Physiol Rep 2025; 13:e70097. [PMID: 39878625 PMCID: PMC11776389 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effect of 4 h of continuous sitting on cerebral endothelial function, which is a crucial component of cerebral blood flow regulation. We hypothesized that 4 h of sitting may impair cerebral endothelial function similarly to how it affects lower limb vasculature. Thirteen young, healthy participants were instructed to remain seated for 4 h without moving their lower limbs. The blood flow and shear rate (SR) in the popliteal and internal carotid artery (ICA) were measured using duplex Doppler ultrasound. During the 4-h sitting, peripheral (popliteal artery) and cerebral (ICA) endothelial function were assessed every hour. We induced peripheral and cerebral flow-mediated dilation (pFMD and ICA FMD) using hyperemia (5 min of cuff inflation on lower limb, then deflation) or hypercapnia (30s of hypercapnia, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 + 9 mmHg), respectively. We then calculated each relative peak dilation from the baseline diameter to identify both pFMD and ICA FMD. We observed a significant decrease in pFMD starting at 2 h from the onset of sitting, and this reduction persisted throughout the 4-h sitting [Base (6.8 ± 4.2%) vs. 2-h (3.9 ± 2.0%), p = 0.044; vs. 3-h (3.2 ± 1.8%), p = 0.016; vs. 4-h (3.2 ± 1.9%), p = 0.005]. In contrast, during the 4-h sitting, ICA blood flow, SR, and ICA FMD remained unchanged (p = 0.062, p = 0.068, and p = 0.203, respectively). Unlike peripheral endothelial function, cerebral endothelial function remained stable during 4-h sitting. This suggests that the acute effect of prolonged sitting on cerebral vasculature differs from that of lower limb vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Saito
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Kento Dora
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Marino Karaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport SciencesChukyo UniversityAichiJapan
| | | | | | - Jun Sugawara
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyIbarakiJapan
| | - Erika Iwamoto
- School of Health SciencesSapporo Medical UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversitySaitamaJapan
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
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Kubler JM, Beetham KS, Steane SE, Holland OJ, Borg DJ, Rae KM, Kumar S, Clifton VL. Sex-specific associations between feto-placental growth and maternal physical activity volume and sitting time: Findings from the Queensland Family Cohort study. Placenta 2025; 160:107-117. [PMID: 39787953 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal physical activity (PA) is associated with beneficial changes in placental growth and function; however, the effect of excessive sitting time is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether feto-placental growth changes with maternal activity, and whether these associations differ in a sex-specific manner. METHODS This study included women enrolled in the Queensland Family Cohort study who self-reported PA and sitting time at 24 or 36 weeks of gestation. Placental growth factors and feto-placental growth parameters at delivery were analysed by PA volume and sitting time, as well as by fetal sex. RESULTS Women who reported excessive sitting time during mid-pregnancy and had a female fetus showed higher placental PlGF (p = 0.031) and FLT1 (p = 0.032) mRNA expression with no difference in placental size at delivery. For the male, excessive sitting time during mid-pregnancy was associated with a lower placental weight (p = 0.001) and placental surface area (p = 0.012) and a higher birthweight to placental weight (BWPW) ratio (p = 0.042), with no change in placental growth factors. Moderate volume PA during mid-pregnancy was associated with lower VEGFA mRNA expression in the male placenta (p = 0.005) and a higher abdominal circumference in the female neonate (p = 0.042), with no overall difference in placental weight or birthweight for either sex. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that mid-pregnancy may be an important timepoint for programming of feto-placental growth in relation to maternal activity. Our findings highlight the independent benefits of reducing sitting time during pregnancy, particularly for women carrying male fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Kubler
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kassia S Beetham
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Australia
| | - Sarah E Steane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Olivia J Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kym M Rae
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia; Indigenous Health Research Group, Mater Research Institute, Aubigny Place, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sailesh Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.
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Shruthi PP, Chandrasekaran B, Vaishali K, Shivashankar KN, Sukumar S, Ravichandran S, Kadavigere R. Effect of physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on vascular outcomes: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 39416984 PMCID: PMC11482367 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1773_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence claims the vascular benefits of varied frequency and duration of physical activity (PA) breaks, whereas the efficacy of varied intensity remains unexplored. We aimed to collate and summate the studies investigating the PA breaks at various intensities on vascular protection. Seven electronic databases were searched for potential studies till Jan 31, 2022. The eligible studies should have administered PA breaks of differing intensities in prolonged sitting postures and explored regional vascular changes [flow mediated dilation (FMD), shear stress, diameter, and blood flow] using ultrasound and novel outcome markers. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies for eligibility after abstract and full-text screen, and appropriate data were extracted to summarise vascular protective effects with PA breaks. Our findings reveal adverse regional vascular outcomes with prolonged sitting (FMD ≈ -1.5%, diameter ≈ -0.06 mm), whereas PA breaks of any intensity were found to improve endothelial functions (FMD ≈ +0.5%, diameter ≈ +0.1 mm, shear ≈ +13 s-1) and mitigate the adverse effects associated with prolonged sitting. Compared with high-intensity activity, low-intensity PA breaks alleviate arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poovitha Shruthi
- Division of Yoga, Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for Sports Science, Medicine and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College and Hospitals, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Zhang K, Huang S, Feng D, Lang X, Wang Q, Liu Y. Sedentary Behavioral Studies of Young and Middle-Aged Adults with Hypertension in the Framework of Behavioral Epidemiology: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16796. [PMID: 36554675 PMCID: PMC9778709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: As times change, the detection rate of hypertension is increasing in the young and middle-aged population due to prevalent sedentary behaviors. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review to identify and summarize the research on sedentary behavior in this population by separating it into five stages: the relationship between sedentary behavior and health; measurement modalities; influencing factors; interventions; and translational research in young and middle-aged adults with hypertension. (2) Methods: Using a scoping review research approach, the PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and MEDLINE databases were used to search for the literature on this subject from the date of the database's creation to 14 June 2022, and the behavioral epidemiology framework was used to classify the retrieved articles. (3) Results: A total of eight articles were included. Among them, there were six articles on the relationship between behavior and health, which includes blood pressure, insulin resistance, and the cardiovascular system; one article on the study of measurement methods, which was used for clinical decision making through decision trees; one article on influencing factors, which was divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors; and no articles on intervention program development or the translation of intervention programs to further practice in this population. (4) Conclusions: Sedentary behavioral studies of young and middle-aged adults with hypertension are scarce and are generally carried out in the early stages of the condition. In the future, in-depth studies can be conducted on the dose-response relationship between sedentary behavior and health in this population; the development of easier and targeted measurement tools; the exploration of more influencing factors; and the effectiveness and translation of intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sufang Huang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danni Feng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaorong Lang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ravichandran S, Sukumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, N SK, Palaniswamy HP, Uppoor R, Ravichandran K, Almeshari M, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A. Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults-A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15120. [PMID: 36429835 PMCID: PMC9690278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the workplace has become desk-based and leisure time has become dominated by digital relaxation modes, the world is moving at a pace where physical activity has become a time-bound routine. The negative effects of extended sitting are a global concern since the workforce is becoming more desk based. There is a dearth of reviews that may link the knowledge on the effects of sedentary behaviour on hypertension and its accompanying damage to the brain and blood vessels and provide a future scope for the investigations connected to the relationship between sedentary behaviour and hypertension. Methods: Based on the database search and extensive research we did, we found studies that concentrated on the adverse effects of sedentary behaviour in association with blood pressure, cognitive decline and brain damage on adults. Results: We extracted 12 articles out of 20,625. We identified the potential adverse effects of sedentary behaviour, methods to reduce sedentary behaviour and the positive changes on health due to the interventions introduced. Sedentary lifestyle has shown a decline in human health. However, the visible symptoms presented later in life makes it very important to know the areas of decline and look for ways to curb the decline or procrastinate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghuraj Uppoor
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Derelakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Lai MHC, Wilcox RR, Alexander GE. Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206931119. [PMID: 35994664 PMCID: PMC9436362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206931119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality, but its association with dementia is currently unclear. This study investigates whether SB is associated with incident dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity (PA). A total of 146,651 participants from the UK Biobank who were 60 years or older and did not have a diagnosis of dementia (mean [SD] age: 64.59 [2.84] years) were included. Self-reported leisure-time SBs were divided into two domains: time spent watching television (TV) or time spent using a computer. A total of 3,507 individuals were diagnosed with all-cause dementia over a mean follow-up of 11.87 (±1.17) years. In models adjusted for a wide range of covariates, including time spent in PA, time spent watching TV was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 1.24 [1.15 to 1.32]) and time spent using a computer was associated with decreased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.81 to 0.90]). In joint associations with PA, TV time and computer time remained significantly associated with dementia risk at all PA levels. Reducing time spent in cognitively passive SB (i.e., TV time) and increasing time spent in cognitively active SB (i.e., computer time) may be effective behavioral modification targets for reducing risk of dementia regardless of engagement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - M. Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | | | - Mark H. C. Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Rand R. Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006
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Jones R, McArthur D, McCoy SM, Stoner L, Fryer S, Credeur DP. Impact of Acute Uninterrupted Sitting on Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:1156-1167. [PMID: 35992187 PMCID: PMC9362887 DOI: 10.70252/bzqj6904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
Reductions in brain blood flow are associated with reduced cognitive function and cerebrovascular disease. Acute periods of uninterrupted sitting can lead to endothelial dysfunction, namely due to a reduction in shear stress and subsequent reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability. Little is known of the impact of sitting on brain health. The purpose was to determine the total brain blood flow response following a 60-minute bout of uninterrupted sitting. Using a parallel design, this study evaluated the impact of 60-minutes of sitting on total brain blood flow. Fifteen participants (n=15; age=24 ± 1yr; BMI=25 ± 1 kg/m2) sat, uninterrupted, for 60-minutes during the SIT protocol. To ascertain the contribution of blood pooling effects on total brain blood flow, ten participants (n=10; age=23±2yr; BMI=27±4 kg/m2) sat in a modified sitting (MOD) for 60-minutes. Finally, thirteen participants (n=13; age=23±3yr; BMI=26±4 kg/m2) remained supine for the duration of the 60-minutes as a time-control (TC). Brain blood flow was quantified through Doppler-ultrasound measurements of blood flow through the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries: (ICA blood flow + VA blood flow) × 2. Following the 60-minutes of sitting (SIT), there was a significant reduction in brain blood flow with time (p=0.001, η p 2 =0.05). Total brain blood flow did not significantly change in MOD (p=0.69, η p 2 =0.05) or TC (p=0.06, η p 2 =0.58) conditions. These findings indicate 60-minutes of sitting may alter cerebrovascular hemodynamics characterized by a reduction in total brain blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Dominique McArthur
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Stephanie M McCoy
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simon Fryer
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Daniel P Credeur
- Division of Food, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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da Silva GO, Santini LB, Farah BQ, Germano-Soares AH, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM. Effects of Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting on Cardiovascular Parameters: A systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:97-106. [PMID: 34535019 DOI: 10.1055/a-1502-6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the acute and chronic effects of sitting breaks on cardiovascular parameters. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched by two independent researchers for relevant studies published until February 2020. Acute or chronic studies reporting the effects of sitting breaks or reduction in sitting time on cardiovascular parameters were examined. The eligibility criteria followed PICOS: Population - Humans ≥ 18 years old; Interventions - Sitting break strategies; Comparisons - Uninterrupted sitting; Outcomes - Cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, ambulatory blood pressure, vascular function, pulse-wave velocity, cerebral blood flow and biomarkers); Study design - Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized non-controlled trials and randomized crossover trials. Forty-five studies were included, where 35 investigated the acute and 10 the chronic effects of sitting breaks or reductions in sitting time. Walking was the main acute study strategy, used in different volumes (1 min 30 s to 30 min), intensities (light to vigorous) and frequencies (every 20 min to every 2 h). Acute studies found improvements on cardiovascular parameters, especially blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation, and biomarkers, whereas chronic studies found improvements mostly on blood pressure. Breaking up or reducing sitting time improves cardiovascular parameters, especially with walking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Batista Santini
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Quintella Farah
- Departament of Physical Education, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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11
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Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031357. [PMID: 35162381 PMCID: PMC8834958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged uninterrupted sitting and a typical Western meal, high in fat and refined sugar, can additively impair cognitive and cerebrovascular functions. However, it is unknown whether interrupting these behaviours, with a simple desk-based activity, can attenuate the impairment. The aim of this study was to determine whether regular leg fidgeting can off-set the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting following the consumption of a typical Western meal, on executive and cerebrovascular function. Using a randomized cross-over design, 13 healthy males consumed a Western meal and completed 180-min of prolonged sitting with leg fidgeting of 1 min on/4 min off (intervention [INT]) and without (control [CON]). Cognitive function was assessed pre and post sitting using the Trail Maker Test (TMT) parts A and B. Common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow, as an index of brain flow, was measured pre and post, and cerebral (FP1) perfusion was measured continuously. For TMT B the CON trial significantly increased (worsened) completion time (mean difference [MD] = 5.2 s, d = 0.38), the number of errors (MD = 3.33, d = 0.68) and cognitive fatigue (MD = 0.73, d = 0.92). Compared to CON, the INT trial significantly improved completion time (MD = 2.3 s, d = 0.97), and prevented declines in cognitive fatigue and a reduction in the number of errors. No significant changes in cerebral perfusion or CCA blood flow were found. Leg fidgeting for 1-min on/4-min off following a meal high in fats and refined sugars attenuated the impairment in executive function. This attenuation in executive function may not be caused by alterations in CCA blood flow or cerebral perfusion.
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Heiland EG, Kjellenberg K, Tarassova O, Fernström M, Nyberg G, Ekblom MM, Helgadottir B, Ekblom Ö. ABBaH teens: Activity Breaks for Brain Health in adolescents: study protocol for a randomized crossover trial. Trials 2022; 23:22. [PMID: 34991692 PMCID: PMC8733916 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity breaks are widely being implemented in school settings as a solution to increase academic performance and reduce sitting time. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms suggested to improve cognitive function from physical activity and the frequency, intensity, and duration of the breaks remain unknown. This study will investigate the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on task-related prefrontal cerebral blood flow, cognitive performance, and psychological factors. Additionally, the moderating and mediating effects of arterial stiffness on changes in cerebral blood flow will be tested. METHODS This is a protocol for a randomized crossover study that will recruit 16 adolescents (13-14 years old). Participants will undergo three different conditions in a randomized order, on three separate days, involving sitting 80 min with a different type of break every 17 min for 3 min. The breaks will consist of (1) seated social breaks, (2) simple resistance activities, and (3) step-up activities. Before and after the 80-min conditions, prefrontal cerebral blood flow changes will be measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (primary outcome), while performing working memory tasks (1-, 2-, and 3-back tests). Arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) and psychological factors will also be assessed pre and post the 80-min interventions. DISCUSSION Publication of this protocol will help to increase rigor in science. The results will inform regarding the underlying mechanisms driving the association between physical activity breaks and cognitive performance. This information can be used for designing effective and feasible interventions to be implemented in schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04552626 . Retrospectively registered on September 21, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G. Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Kjellenberg
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Björg Helgadottir
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ, Panerai RB, Faraci FM. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1487-1559. [PMID: 33769101 PMCID: PMC8576366 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure; 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)]; 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans); and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the interrelationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- >National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Heiland EG, Tarassova O, Fernström M, English C, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom MM. Frequent, Short Physical Activity Breaks Reduce Prefrontal Cortex Activation but Preserve Working Memory in Middle-Aged Adults: ABBaH Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:719509. [PMID: 34602995 PMCID: PMC8481573 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.719509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is increasingly common and may possibly be unfavorable for cognitive function and mood. In this randomized crossover study, the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on cognitive task-related activation of the prefrontal cortex were investigated. The effects on working memory, psychological factors, and blood glucose were also examined, and whether arterial stiffness moderated prefrontal cortex activation. Thirteen subjects (mean age 50.5 years; eight men) underwent three 3-h sitting conditions, interrupted every 30-min by a different 3-min break on separate, randomized-ordered days: seated social interactions (SOCIAL), walking (WALK), or simple resistance activities (SRA). Arterial stiffness was assessed at baseline. Before and after each 3-h condition, psychological factors (stress, mood, sleepiness, and alertness) were assessed through questionnaires and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), indicative of cortical activation, while performing working memory tasks [1- (baseline), 2-, and 3-back]. Blood glucose levels were continuously measured throughout the conditions. Results revealed no significant changes in Oxy-Hb during the 2-back compared with the 1-back test in any condition, and no time-by-condition interactions. During the 3-back test, there was a significant decrease in Oxy-Hb compared with the 1-back after the WALK condition in the right prefrontal cortex, but there were no time-by-condition interactions, although 3-back reaction time improved only in the WALK condition. Mood and alertness improved after the WALK condition, which was significantly different from the SOCIAL condition. Arterial stiffness moderated the effects, such that changes in Oxy-Hb were significantly different between WALK and SOCIAL conditions only among those with low arterial stiffness. Blood glucose during the interventions did not differ between conditions. Thus, breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short physical activity breaks may reduce right prefrontal cortex activation, with improvements in some aspects of working memory, mood, and alertness. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04137211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G. Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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15
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Whipple MO, Masters KS, Huebschmann AG, Scalzo RL, Reusch JE, Bergouignan A, Regensteiner JG. Acute effects of sedentary breaks on vascular health in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Vasc Med 2021; 26:448-458. [PMID: 33977799 PMCID: PMC9074004 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211009307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the acute effects of interrupting/breaking up prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) on vascular health among individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted on April 7, 2020. Included studies: (1) examined the effect of breaking up prolonged SB in adults with or at elevated risk for T2D and (2) assessed a vascular health outcome, such as blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse-wave velocity, or endothelin-1. A total of 20 articles (17 unique studies) were included. Only three studies reported adequate statistical power for the specified vascular outcome. The available evidence suggests that light and moderate intensity activity breaks are effective in acutely lowering BP when compared to prolonged sitting. The small number of studies that included FMD or other vascular outcomes prohibits conclusions regarding the impact of SB breaks on these outcomes. Few studies evaluating the impact of breaking up SB among adults at risk for T2D have included and been adequately powered to examine vascular outcomes, but our preliminary finding, that certain SB breaks improve BP, provides proof-of-concept for this line of inquiry. Future studies should examine both the acute and chronic vascular effects of breaking up SB among individuals most vulnerable to the effects of SB (e.g. older adults, those with T2D), as these individuals are both highly sedentary and at greatest risk of poor health outcomes. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020183423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary O. Whipple
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kevin S. Masters
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Health Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Amy G. Huebschmann
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane E.B. Reusch
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, CO
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, French National Center for Scientific Research, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Judith G. Regensteiner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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16
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Silva GO, Carvalho JF, Kanegusuku H, Farah BQ, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM. Acute effects of breaking up sitting time with isometric exercise on cardiovascular health: Randomized crossover trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2044-2054. [PMID: 34270830 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the acute effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with isometric exercise on the cardiovascular health of sedentary adults. This is a three-condition randomized crossover trial. The sample was comprised of 17 subjects (11 women; 29 ± 10 years old; 25,1 ± 5,1 kg/m2 ). The participants completed, in randomized order, three experimental conditions (control, breaks with isometric leg extension exercise, and breaks with walking), with the order of the conditions determined through simple automatic randomization. All the conditions had in common a sitting period of 3 h. During the conditions with isometric exercise and walking breaks the participants performed breaks with isometric leg extension exercise and with walking every 30 min, while in the control condition they remained seated with no breaks. Before and after this period, vascular function (primary outcome), blood pressure, and cardiac autonomic modulation (secondary outcomes) were measured. Generalized estimated equations were used to analyze the data. The results did not indicate significant interaction effects for vascular function among experimental conditions (p > 0,05 for all). We also did not find significant interaction effects for systolic or diastolic blood pressure among the conditions (p > 0,05 for all). The heart rate variability parameters did not present significant interaction effects among conditions (p > 0,05 for all). In conclusion, breaking up sitting with isometric exercise does not seem to lead to significant effects on the cardiovascular health of sedentary adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Breno Q Farah
- Physical Education Department, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
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17
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Burnet K, Blackwell J, Kelsch E, Hanson ED, Stone K, Fryer S, Credeur D, Palta P, Stoner L. Cerebrovascular function response to prolonged sitting combined with a high-glycemic index meal: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13830. [PMID: 33908629 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute prolonged sitting leads to cerebrovascular disruptions. However, it is unclear how prolonged sitting interacts with other common behaviors, including high- (HGI) and low-glycemic index (LGI) meals. Using a double-blind randomized cross-over design, this study evaluated the effects of prolonged (3 hr) sitting, with a high- (HGI; GI: 100) or low-glycemic index (LGI; GI: 19) meal on total brain blood flow (QBrain ) and executive function. Eighteen young, healthy, active participants (22.6 [3.1] y, 33% F, 24.3 [3.7] kg/m2 ) sat for 3 hr after consuming an HGI or LGI meal. Using Doppler ultrasound to measure internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) artery blood flow, QBrain was calculated: (ICA blood flow + VA blood flow) × 2. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop Test and Trail Making Test-Part B. Brain fog was measured using a modified Borg Category Scale with Ratio properties (CR10). Following 3 hr of sitting, there was a significant decrease in QBrain with time (p = .001, ES = -0.26), though there were nonsignificant interaction (p = .216) and condition effects (p = .174). Brain fog increased (p = .024, ES = 0.27) and Stroop reaction time worsened with time (p = .001, ES: -0.40), though there were nonsignificant condition effects for brain fog (p = .612) and the Stroop test (p = .445). There was a nonsignificant condition effect (p = .729) for the Trail Making Test-Part B, but completion time improved with time (p = .001, ES = -0.40). In conclusion, 3 hr of prolonged sitting decreases QBrain and executive function independent of glycemic index in young, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Burnet
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jade Blackwell
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kelsch
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keeron Stone
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Simon Fryer
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Daniel Credeur
- Department of Biology, Ave Maria University, Ave Maria, FL, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Caldwell HG, Coombs GB, Rafiei H, Ainslie PN, Little JP. Hourly staircase sprinting exercise "snacks" improve femoral artery shear patterns but not flow-mediated dilation or cerebrovascular regulation: a pilot study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:521-529. [PMID: 33242251 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthy males (n = 10; age: 24 ± 4 years; body mass index: 24 ± 2 kg·m-2) completed 2 randomized conditions separated by ≥48 h involving 6-8.5 h of sitting with ("stair snacks") and without (sedentary) hourly staircase sprint interval exercise (∼14-20 s each). Resting blood flow and shear rates were measured in the femoral artery, internal carotid artery, and vertebral artery (Duplex ultrasound). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was quantified as an index of peripheral endothelial function in the femoral artery. Neurovascular coupling (NVC; regional blood flow response to local increases in cerebral metabolism) was assessed in the posterior cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler ultrasound). Femoral artery hemodynamics were higher following the active trial with no change in the sedentary trial, including blood flow (+32 ± 23% vs. -10 ± 28%; P = 0.015 and P = 0.253, respectively), vascular conductance (+32 ± 27% vs. -15 ± 26%; P = 0.012 and P = 0.098, respectively), and mean shear rate (+17 ± 8% vs. -8 ± 28%; P = 0.004 and P = 0.310, respectively). The change in FMD was not different within or between conditions (P = 0.184). Global cerebral blood flow (CBF), conductance, shear patterns, and NVC were not different within or between conditions (all P > 0.05). Overall, exercise "stair snacks" improve femoral artery blood flow and shear patterns but not peripheral (e.g., FMD) or cerebral (e.g., CBF and NVC) vascular function following prolonged sitting. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03374436). Novelty: Breaking up 8.5 h of sitting with hourly staircase sprinting exercise "snacks" improves resting femoral artery shear patterns but not FMD. Cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling were unaltered following 6 h of sitting with and without hourly exercise breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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19
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van Campen C(LMC, Rowe PC, Visser FC. Reductions in Cerebral Blood Flow Can Be Provoked by Sitting in Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040394. [PMID: 33050553 PMCID: PMC7712289 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In a large study with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients, we showed that 86% had symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in daily life and that 90% had an abnormal reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during a standard tilt test. A standard head-up tilt test might not be tolerated by the most severely affected bed-ridden ME/CFS patients. Sitting upright is a milder orthostatic stress. The present study examined whether a sitting test, measuring cerebral blood flow by extracranial Doppler, would be sufficient to provoke abnormal reductions in cerebral blood flow in severe ME/CFS patients. Methods and results: 100 severe ME/CFS patients were studied, (88 females) and were compared with 15 healthy controls (HC) (13 females). CBF was measured first while seated for at least one hour, followed by a CBF measurement in the supine position. Fibromyalgia was present in 37 patients. Demographic data as well as supine heart rate and blood pressures were not different between ME/CFS patients and HC. Heart rate and blood pressure did not change significantly between supine and sitting both in patients and HC. Supine CBF was not different between patients and HC. In contrast, absolute CBF during sitting was lower in patients compared to HC: 474 (96) mL/min in patients and 627 (89) mL/min in HC; p < 0.0001. As a result, percent CBF reduction while seated was −24.5 (9.4)% in severe ME/CFS patients and −0.4 (1.2)% in HC (p < 0.0001). In the ten patients who had no orthostatic intolerance complaints in daily life, the CBF reduction was −2.7 (2.1)%, which was not significantly different from HC (p = 0.58). The remaining 90 patients with orthostatic intolerance complaints had a −26.9 (6.2)% CBF reduction. No difference in CBF parameters was found in patients with and without fibromyalgia. Patients with a previous diagnosis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) had a significantly larger CBF reduction compared with those without POTS: 28.8 (7.2)% vs. 22.3 (9.7)% (p = 0.0008). Conclusions: A sitting test in severe ME/CFS patients was sufficient to provoke a clinically and statistically significant mean CBF decline of 24.5%. Patients with a previous diagnosis of POTS had a larger CBF reduction while seated, compared to patients without POTS. The magnitude of these CBF reductions is similar to the results in less severely affected ME/CFS patients during head-up tilt, suggesting that a sitting test is adequate for the diagnosis of orthostatic intolerance in severely affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C (Linda) MC van Campen
- Stichting CardioZorg, 2132 HN Hoofddorp, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0031-208934125
| | - Peter C. Rowe
- Department of Paediatrics, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Frans C Visser
- Stichting CardioZorg, 2132 HN Hoofddorp, The Netherlands;
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20
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Maasakkers CM, Melis RJF, Kessels RPC, Gardiner PA, Olde Rikkert MGM, Thijssen DHJ, Claassen JAHR. The short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive performance in older adults: a cross-over design on the potential impact of mental and/or physical activity. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:76. [PMID: 32571399 PMCID: PMC7310280 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour might be a potential risk factor for cognitive decline. However, the short-term effects of sedentary behaviour on (cerebro) vascular and cognitive performance in older people are unknown. METHODS We used a cross-over design with 22 older adults (78 years, 9 females) to assess the short-term hemodynamic and cognitive effects of three hours uninterrupted sitting and explored if these effects can be counteracted with regular (every 30 min) two-minute walking breaks. In addition, we investigated if low versus high mental activity during the three hours of sitting modified these effects. Before and after each condition, alertness, executive functioning, and working memory were assessed with the Test of Attentional Performance battery. Additionally, cerebral blood flow velocity (Transcranial Doppler) and blood pressure (Finapres) were measured in rest, and during sit-to-stand and CO2 challenges to assess baroreflex sensitivity, cerebral autoregulation, and cerebral vasomotor reactivity. RESULTS No short-term differences were observed in cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow velocity, baroreflex sensitivity, cerebral autoregulation, or cerebral vasomotor reactivity across time, or between conditions. Blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance increased over time (8.6 mmHg (5.0;12.1), p < 0.001), and 0.23 in resistance (0.01;0.45), p = 0.04). However, these effects were not mitigated by mental activity or by short walking breaks to interrupt sitting. CONCLUSIONS In older individuals, three hours of sitting did not influence cognitive performance or cerebral perfusion. However, the sitting period increased blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance, which are known to negatively impact brain health in the long-term. Importantly, we found that these effects in older individuals cannot be mitigated by higher mental activity and/or regular walking breaks. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration URL: https://www.toetsingonline.nl/. Unique identifier: NL64309.091.17. Date of registration: 06-02-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn M Maasakkers
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology/Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Perdomo SJ, Balzer JR, Jakicic JM, Kline CE, Gibbs BB. Acute effects of aerobic exercise duration on blood pressure, pulse wave velocity and cerebral blood flow velocity in middle-aged adults. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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