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Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Bencardino M, D’Amore F, Carbone F, Cinnirella S, Mannarino V, Landis M, Ebinghaus R, Weigelt A, Brunke EG, Labuschagne C, Martin L, Munthe J, Wängberg I, Artaxo P, Morais F, de Melo Jorge Barbosa H, Brito J, Cairns W, Barbante C, del Carmen Diéguez M, Garcia PE, Dommergue A, Angot H, Magand O, Skov H, Horvat M, Kotnik J, Read KA, Neves LM, Gawlik BM, Sena F, Mashyanov N, Obolkin V, Wip D, Feng XB, Zhang H, Fu X, Ramachandran R, Cossa D, Knoery J, Marusczak N, Nerentorp M, Norstrom C. Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; 16:11915-11935. [PMID: 30245704 PMCID: PMC6145827 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010-2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Landis
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Ernst-Günther Brunke
- Cape Point GAW Station, Climate and Environment Research & Monitoring, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Casper Labuschagne
- Cape Point GAW Station, Climate and Environment Research & Monitoring, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lynwill Martin
- Cape Point GAW Station, Climate and Environment Research & Monitoring, South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - John Munthe
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Inst. Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Wängberg
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Inst. Ltd., Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Joel Brito
- University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlo Barbante
- University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy
- CNR Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Angot
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Magand
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Henrik Skov
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Wip
- Department of Physics, University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Xin Bin Feng
- Institute of Geochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Geochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuewu Fu
- Institute of Geochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Daniel Cossa
- LER/PAC, Ifremer,Centre Méditerranée, La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Joël Knoery
- LBCM, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Claus Norstrom
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Nativi S, Mazzetti P, Craglia M, Pirrone N. The GEOSS solution for enabling data interoperability and integrative research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4177-4192. [PMID: 24243262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Global sustainability research requires an integrative research effort underpinned by digital infrastructures (systems) able to harness data and heterogeneous information across disciplines. Digital data and information sharing across systems and applications is achieved by implementing interoperability: a property of a product or system to work with other products or systems, present or future. There are at least three main interoperability challenges a digital infrastructure must address: technological, semantic, and organizational. In recent years, important international programs and initiatives are focusing on such an ambitious objective. This manuscript presents and combines the studies and the experiences carried out by three relevant projects, focusing on the heavy metal domain: Global Mercury Observation System, Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), and INSPIRE. This research work recognized a valuable interoperability service bus (i.e., a set of standards models, interfaces, and good practices) proposed to characterize the integrative research cyber-infrastructure of the heavy metal research community. In the paper, the GEOSS common infrastructure is discussed implementing a multidisciplinary and participatory research infrastructure, introducing a possible roadmap for the heavy metal pollution research community to join GEOSS as a new Group on Earth Observation community of practice and develop a research infrastructure for carrying out integrative research in its specific domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nativi
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy,
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