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Pradhoshini KP, Priyadharshini M, Santhanabharathi B, Ahmed MS, Parveen MHS, War MUD, Musthafa MS, Alam L, Falco F, Faggio C. Biological effects of ionizing radiation on aquatic biota - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104091. [PMID: 36870406 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation from radionuclides impacts marine aquatic biota and the scope of investigation must be wider than just invertebrates. We intend to detail and illustrate numerous biological effects that occur in both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, at various dose rates from all three kinds of ionizing radiation. The characteristics of radiation sources and dosages that would most effectively generate the intended effects in the irradiated organism were assessed once the biological differentiation between vertebrates and invertebrates was determined through multiple lines of evidence. We contend that invertebrates are still more radiosensitive than vertebrates, due to their small genome size, rapid reproduction rates and lifestyle, which help them to compensate for the effects of radiation induced declines in fecundity, life span and individual health. We also identified various research gaps in this field and suggest future directions to be investigated to remedy the lack of data available in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munawar Suhail Ahmed
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamat Hanifa Shafeeka Parveen
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mehraj Ud Din War
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Franscesca Falco
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Lee JS, Kang HM, Jeong CB, Han J, Park HG, Lee JS. Protective Role of Freshwater and Marine Rotifer Glutathione S-Transferase Sigma and Omega Isoforms Transformed into Heavy Metal-Exposed Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7840-7850. [PMID: 31244073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in phase II of detoxification to protect cells in response to oxidative stress generated by exogenous toxicants. Despite their important role in defense, studies on invertebrate GSTs have mainly focused on identification and characterization. Here, we isolated omega and sigma classes of GSTs from the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus and explored their antioxidant function in response to metal-induced oxidative stress. The recombinant Bc- and Bk-GSTs were successfully transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Their antioxidant potential was characterized by measuring kinetic properties and enzymatic activity in response to pH, temperature, and chemical inhibitor. In addition, a disk diffusion assay, reactive oxygen species assay, and morphological analysis revealed that GST transformed into E. coli significantly protected cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, and Zn). Stronger antioxidant activity was exhibited by GST-S compared to GST-O in both rotifers, suggesting that GST-S plays a prominent function as an antioxidant defense mechanism in Brachionus spp. Overall, our study clearly shows the antioxidant role of Bk- and Bc-GSTs in E. coli and provides a greater understanding of GST class-specific and interspecific detoxification in rotifer Brachionus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , South Korea
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Gomes T, Song Y, Brede DA, Xie L, Gutzkow KB, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Gamma radiation induces dose-dependent oxidative stress and transcriptional alterations in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:206-216. [PMID: 29432932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among aquatic organisms, invertebrate species such as the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna are believed to be sensitive to gamma radiation, although information on responses at the individual, biochemical and molecular level is scarce. Following gamma radiation exposure, biological effects are attributed to the formation of free radicals, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in exposed organisms. Thus, in the present study, effects and modes of action (MoA) have been investigated in D. magna exposed to gamma radiation (dose rates: 0.41, 1.1, 4.3, 10.7, 42.9 and 106 mGy/h) after short-term exposure (24 and 48 h). Several individual, cellular and molecular endpoints were addressed, such as ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and global transcriptional changes. The results showed that oxidative stress is one of the main toxic effects in gamma radiation exposed D. magna, mediated by the dose-dependent increase in ROS formation and consequently oxidative damage to lipids and DNA over time. Global transcriptional analysis verified oxidative stress as one of the main MoA of gamma radiation at high dose rates, and identified a number of additional MoAs that may be of toxicological relevance. The present study confirmed that acute exposure to gamma radiation caused a range of cellular and molecular effects in D. magna exposed to intermediate dose rates, and highlights the need for assessing effects at longer and more environmentally relevant exposure durations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Hurem S, Gomes T, Brede DA, Mayer I, Lobert VH, Mutoloki S, Gutzkow KB, Teien HC, Oughton D, Aleström P, Lyche JL. Gamma irradiation during gametogenesis in young adult zebrafish causes persistent genotoxicity and adverse reproductive effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:19-26. [PMID: 29453161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of gamma radiation may exert damage beyond that of the individual through its deleterious effects on reproductive function. Impaired reproductive performance can result in reduced population size over consecutive generations. In a continued effort to investigate reproductive and heritable effects of ionizing radiation, we recently demonstrated adverse effects and genomic instability in progeny of parents exposed to gamma radiation. In the present study, genotoxicity and effects on the reproduction following subchronic exposure during a gametogenesis cycle to 60Co gamma radiation (27 days, 8.7 and 53 mGy/h, total doses 5.2 and 31 Gy) were investigated in the adult wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio). A significant reduction in embryo production was observed one month after exposure in the 53 mGy/h exposure group compared to control and 8.7 mGy/h. One year later, embryo production was significantly lower in the 53 mGy/h group compared only to control, with observed sterility, accompanied by a regression of reproductive organs in 100% of the fish 1.5 years after exposure. Histopathological examinations revealed no significant changes in the testis in the 8.7 mGy/h group, while in 62.5% of females exposed to this dose rate the oogenesis was found to be only at the early previtellogenic stage. The DNA damage determined in whole blood, 1.5 years after irradiation, using a high throughput Comet assay, was significantly higher in the exposed groups (1.2 and 3-fold increase in 8.7 and 53 mGy/h females respectively; 3-fold and 2-fold increase in 8.7 and 53 mGy/h males respectively) compared to controls. A significantly higher number of micronuclei (4-5%) was found in erythrocytes of both the 8.7 and 53 mGy/h fish compared to controls. This study shows that gamma radiation at a dose rate of ≥ 8.7 mGy/h during gametogenesis causes adverse reproductive effects and persistent genotoxicity (DNA damage and increased micronuclei) in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Hurem
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Ian Mayer
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viola H Lobert
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Christian Teien
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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Hurem S, Gomes T, Brede DA, Lindbo Hansen E, Mutoloki S, Fernandez C, Mothersill C, Salbu B, Kassaye YA, Olsen AK, Oughton D, Aleström P, Lyche JL. Parental gamma irradiation induces reprotoxic effects accompanied by genomic instability in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:564-578. [PMID: 28892785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma radiation represents a potential health risk to aquatic and terrestrial biota, due to its ability to ionize atoms and molecules in living tissues. The effects of exposure to 60Co gamma radiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied during two sensitive life stages: gametogenesis (F0: 53 and 8.7mGy/h for 27 days, total doses 31 and 5.2Gy) and embryogenesis (9.6mGy/h for 65h; total dose 0.62Gy). Progeny of F0 exposed to 53mGy/h showed 100% mortality occurring at the gastrulation stage corresponding to 8h post fertilization (hpf). Control and F0 fish exposed to 8.7mGy/h were used to create four lines in the first filial generation (F1): control, G line (irradiated during parental gametogenesis), E line (irradiated during embryogenesis) and GE line (irradiated during parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis). A statistically significant cumulative mortality of GE larva (9.3%) compared to controls was found at 96 hpf. E line embryos hatched significantly earlier compared to controls, G and GE (48-72 hpf). The deformity frequency was higher in G and GE, but not E line compared to controls at 72 hpf. One month after parental irradiation, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in the G line, but did not significantly differ from controls one year after parental irradiation, while at the same time point it was significantly increased in the directly exposed E and GE lines from 60 to 120 hpf. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly increased in the G line one year after parental irradiation, while significant increase in DNA damage was detected in both the G and GE compared to controls and E line at 72 hpf. Radiation-induced bystander effects, triggered by culture media from tissue explants and observed as influx of Ca2+ ions through the cellular membrane of the reporter cells, were significantly increased in 72 hpf G line progeny one month after irradiation of the parents. One year after parental irradiation, the bystander effects were increased in the E line compared to controls, but not in progeny of irradiated parents (G and GE lines). Overall, this study showed that irradiation of parents can result in multigenerational oxidative stress and genomic instability in irradiated (GE) and non-irradiated (G) progeny of irradiated parents, including increases in ROS formation, LPO, DNA damage and bystander effects. The results therefore highlight the necessity for multi- and transgenerational studies to assess the environmental impact of gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Hurem
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Lindbo Hansen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), Postboks 55, 1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cristian Fernandez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main St. West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk A Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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Dahms HU, Won EJ, Kim HS, Han J, Park HG, Souissi S, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. Potential of the small cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana as an invertebrate model for ecotoxicity testing. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:282-294. [PMID: 27770640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates contribute significantly to environmental impact assessment of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Much effort has been made to identify viable and ecologically relevant invertebrate test organisms to meet rigorous regulatory requirements. Copepods, which are ecologically important and widely distributed in aquatic organisms, offer a huge opportunity as test organisms for aquatic toxicity testing. They have a major role not only in the transfer of energy in aquatic food chains, but also as a medium of transfer of aquatic pollutants across the tropic levels. In this regard, a supratidal and benthic harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori (order Harpacticoida) has shown promising characteristics as a test organism in the field of ecotoxicology. Because there is a need to standardize a battery of test organisms from species in different phylogenetic and critical ecosystem positions, it is important to identify another unrelated planktonic species for wider application and comparison. In this regard, the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana Smirnov (order Cyclopoida) has emerged as a potential test organism to meet such requirements. Like T. japonicus, it has a number of features that make it a candidate worth consideration in such efforts. Recently, the genomics of P. nana has been unraveled. Data on biochemical and molecular responses of P. nana against exposure to environmental chemicals and other stressors have been collected. Recently, sequences and expression profiles of a number of genes in P. nana encoding for heat shock proteins, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidants have been reported. These genes serve as potential biomarkers in biomonitoring of environmental pollutants. Moreover, the application of gene expression techniques and the use of its whole transcriptome have allowed evaluation of transcriptional changes in P. nana with the ultimate aim of understanding the mechanisms of action of environmental stressors. Whole-animal bioassays and gene expression studies indicate that P. nana may serve as an excellent tool to evaluate the impact of diverse disturbances in the marine environment. With a better understanding of toxicological mechanisms, ecotoxicologists will be able to understand defense mechanisms against toxicants in copepods. In this review, we illustrate the potential of P. nana as an alternative as well as a complementary invertebrate model organism for risk assessment of aquatic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Bioscience, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Nascimento FJA, Bradshaw C. Direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation on grazer-phytoplankton interactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 155-156:63-70. [PMID: 26913978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of exposure to radionuclides and radiation does not usually take into account the role of species interactions. We investigated how the transfer of carbon between a primary producer, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and a consumer, Daphnia magna, was affected by acute exposure to gamma radiation. In addition to unexposed controls, different treatments were used where: a) only D. magna (Z treatment); b) only R. subcapitata (P treatment) and c) both D. magna and R. subcapitata (ZP treatment) were exposed to one of three acute doses of gamma radiation (5, 50 and 100 Gy). We then compared differences among treatments for three endpoints: incorporation of carbon by D. magna, D. magna growth and R. subcapitata densities. Carbon incorporation was affected by which combination of species was irradiated and by the radiation dose. Densities of R. subcapitata at the end of the experiment were also affected by which species had been exposed to radiation. Carbon incorporation by D. magna was significantly lower in the Z treatment, indicating reduced grazing, an effect stronger with higher radiation doses, possibly due to direct effects of gamma radiation. Top-down indirect effects of this reduced grazing were also seen as R. subcapitata densities increased in the Z treatment due to decreased herbivory. The opposite pattern was observed in the P treatment where only R. subcapitata was exposed to gamma radiation, while the ZP treatment showed intermediate results for both endpoints. In the P treatments, carbon incorporation by D. magna was significantly higher than in the other treatments, suggesting a higher grazing pressure. This, together with direct effects of gamma radiation on R. subcapitata, probably significantly decreased phytoplankton densities in the P treatment. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account the role of species interactions when assessing the effects of exposure to gamma radiation in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nascimento FJA, Svendsen C, Bradshaw C. Joint Toxicity of Cadmium and Ionizing Radiation on Zooplankton Carbon Incorporation, Growth and Mobility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1527-1535. [PMID: 26694520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The risk of exposure to radioactive elements is seldom assessed considering mixture toxicity, potentially over- or underestimating biological and ecological effects on ecosystems. This study investigated how three end points, carbon transfer between phytoplankton and Daphnia magna, D. magna mobility and growth, responded to exposure to γ-radiation in combination with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd), using the MIXTOX approach. Observed effects were compared with mixture effects predicted by concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models and with deviations for synergistic/antagonistic (S/A), dose-level (DL), and dose-ratio (DR) dependency interactions. Several patterns of response were observed depending on the end point tested. DL-dependent deviation from the IA model was observed for carbon incorporation with antagonism switching to synergism at higher doses, while the CA model indicated synergism, mainly driven by effects at high doses of γ-radiation. CA detected antagonism regarding acute immobilization, while IA predicted DR-dependency. Both CA and IA also identified antagonism for daphnid growth. In general, effects of combinations of γ-radiation and Cd seem to be antagonistic at lower doses, but synergistic at the higher range of the doses tested. Our results highlight the importance of investigating the effects of exposure to γ-radiation in a multistressor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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Nascimento FJA, Svendsen C, Bradshaw C. Combined Effects from γ Radiation and Fluoranthene Exposure on Carbon Transfer from Phytoplankton to Zooplankton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10624-10631. [PMID: 26280367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment does not usually take into account mixtures of contaminants, thus potentially under- or overestimating environmental effects. We investigated how the transfer of carbon between a primary producer, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and a consumer, Daphnia magna, is affected by acute exposure of γ radiation (GR) in combination with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (FA). We exposed D. magna to five concentrations of FA and five acute doses of GR as single contaminants and in nine binary combinations. We compared the observed data for three end points (incorporation of carbon by D. magna, D. magna ingestion rates, and growth) to the predicted joint effects of the mixed stressors based on the independent action (IA) concept. There were deviations from the IA predictions, especially for ingestion rates and carbon incorporation by D. magna, where antagonistic effects were observed at the lower doses, while synergism was seen at the highest doses. Our results highlight the importance of investigating the effects of exposure to GR in a multistressor context. In mixtures of GR and FA, the IA-predicted effects seem to be conservative as antagonism between the two stressors was the dominant pattern, possibly due to stimulation of cellular antioxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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