1
|
Barman M, Ray S. Cytogenotoxic effects of 3-epicaryoptin in Allium cepa L. root apical meristem cells. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1163-1177. [PMID: 36735079 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenoid 3-epicaryoptin (C26H36O9) is abundant in the leaves of Clerodendrum inerme, a traditionally used medicinal plant, and has insect antifeedant activities. Here, we aim to explore the cytogenotoxic effects of compound 3-epicaryoptin in Allium cepa root apical meristem cells. 3-epicaryoptin (concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 µg mL-1) and the standard compound colchicine (200 µg mL-1) were applied to A. cepa roots for 2, 4, and 4 + 16 h (4-h treatment followed by 16-h recovery). Cytogenotoxicity was analyzed by studying the root growth retardation (RGR), mitotic index (MI), and chromosomal aberrations. The result showed statistically significant (p < 0.01), concentration-dependent RGR effects of 3-epicaryoptin treatment compared with the negative control. A study of cell frequency in different phases of cell division observed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the metaphase cell percentage (66.2 ± 0.58%, 150 µg mL-1), which subsequently caused an increase in the frequency of MI (12.29 ± 0.34%, 150 µg mL-1) at 4 h of 3-epicaryoptin treatment and that was comparable with the colchicine action. The cytological study revealed that the 3-epicaryoptin treatment could induce different types of chromosomal abnormalities, such as colchicine-like metaphase, vagrant chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, anaphase bridge, lagging chromosomes, multipolar anaphase-telophase, and an increased frequency of micronuclei and polyploid cells. These findings indicate that 3-epicaryoptin is cytogenotoxic, and thus, C. inerme should be used with caution in traditional medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabendu Barman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman-713104, Golapbag, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjib Ray
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman-713104, Golapbag, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han M, Zhang Z, Liu S, Sheng Y, Waigi MG, Hu X, Qin C, Ling W. Genotoxicity of organic contaminants in the soil: A review based on bibliometric analysis and methodological progress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137318. [PMID: 36410525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants (OCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, posing severe threats to human health and ecological balance. In particular, OCs and their metabolites could interact with genetic materials to induce genotoxicity, which has attracted considerable attention. In this review, bibliometric analysis was executed to analyze the publications on the genotoxicity of OCs in soil from 1992 to 2021. The result indicated that significant contributions were made by China and the United States in this field and the research hotspots were biological risks, damage mechanisms, and testing methods. Based on this, in this review, we summarized the manifestations and influencing factors of genotoxicity of OCs to soil organisms, the main damage mechanisms, and the most commonly utilized testing methods. OCs can induce genotoxicity and the hierarchical response of soil organisms, which could be influenced by the physicochemical properties of OCs and the properties of soil. Specific mechanisms of genotoxicity can be classified into DNA damage, epigenetic toxicity, and chromosomal aberrations. OCs with different molecular weights lead to genetic material damage by inducing the generation of ROS or forming adducts with DNA, respectively. The micronucleus test and the comet test are the most commonly used testing methods. Moreover, this review also pointed out that future studies should focus on the relationships between bioaccessibilities and genotoxicities, transcriptional regulatory factors, and potential metabolites of OCs to elaborate on the biological risks and mechanisms of genotoxicity from an overall perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Han
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Nantong Environmental Monitoring Center, Nantong 226006, PR China
| | - Si Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Youying Sheng
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toxicity Mitigation of Textile Dye Reactive Blue 4 by Hairy Roots of Helianthus annuus and Testing Its Effect in In Vivo Model Systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1958939. [PMID: 35924274 PMCID: PMC9343192 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1958939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An anthraquinone textile dye, Reactive Blue 4 (RB4), poses environmental health hazards. In this study, remediation of RB4 (30-110 ppm) was carried out by hairy roots (HRs). UV-visible spectroscopy and FTIR analysis showed that the dye undergoes decolourization followed by degradation. In addition, toxicity and safety analyses of the bioremediated dye were performed on Allium cepa and zebrafish embryos, which revealed lesser toxicity of the bioremediated dye as compared to untreated dye. For Allium cepa, the highest concentration, i.e., 110 ppm of the treated dye, showed less chromosomal aberrations with a mitotic index of 8.5 ± 0.5, closer to control. Two-fold decrease in mortality of zebrafish embryos was observed at the highest treated dye concentration indicating toxicity mitigation. A higher level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was recorded in the zebrafish embryo when exposed to untreated dye, suggesting a possible role of oxidative stress-inducing mortality of embryos. Further, the level of LPO was significantly normalized along with the other antioxidant enzymes in embryos after dye bioremediation. At lower concentrations, mitigated samples displayed similar antioxidant activity comparable to control underlining the fact that the dye at lesser concentration can be more easily degraded than the dye at higher concentration.
Collapse
|
4
|
Reyes-Calderón A, Pérez-Uribe S, Ramos-Delgado AG, Ramalingam S, Oza G, Parra-Saldívar R, Ramirez-Mendoza RA, Iqbal HMN, Sharma A. Analytical and regulatory considerations to mitigate highly hazardous toxins from environmental matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127031. [PMID: 34479083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence, toxicological influence, and bioaccumulation of toxic entities, e.g., pesticides and toxic elements in the environment, biota, and humans, directly or indirectly, are posing severe social, ecological, and human health concerns. Much attention has been given to the rising bioaccumulation of toxins and their adverse impact on various environmental matrices. For example, the inappropriate and exacerbated use of xenobiotics and related hazardous substances have caused the deterioration of the agricultural environment, e.g., fertile soils where plants are grown. Moreover, the harmful toxins have negatively impacted human health through the trophic chains. However, the analytical and regulatory considerations to effectively monitor and mitigate any or many pesticides and toxic elements from environmental matrices are still lacking in the existing literature. For decades, the scientific community has overseen the consequences caused by pollutants, however, the improvement of analytical detection methods and regulatory considerations are not yet fully covered. This review covers the notable literature gap by stressing the development and deployment of robust analytical and regulatory considerations for an efficient abatement of hazardous substances. Following detailed information on occurrence, toxicological influence, and bioaccumulation of pesticides and toxic elements, the most relevant analytical detection tools and regulatory measures are given herein, with suitable examples, to mitigate or reduce the damage caused by these pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almendra Reyes-Calderón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Samantha Pérez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Ramos-Delgado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González 500, Fracc. SanPablo, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Georgieva M, Bonchev G, Zehirov G, Vasileva V, Vassileva V. Neonicotinoid insecticides exert diverse cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on cultivated sunflower. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53193-53207. [PMID: 34023994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with neonicotinoids is a global problem affecting environment and target and non-target organisms including plants. The present study explored the potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the insecticides Actara 25 WD and Nuprid 200 SL containing the active substances thiamethoxam (TMX) and imidacloprid (IMI), respectively, on cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The half maximal effective concentration (½EC50) of the tested substances was calculated using a dose-response inhibition analysis of the growth of plant roots relative to the corresponding controls. Application of approximately ½EC50 or higher TMX doses significantly increased the antioxidant activity in sunflower leaves, whereas IMI led to a significant decrease in root antioxidant capacity, indicating organ-specific insecticide effects on sunflower plants. Even low doses (½EC50) of the studied neonicotinoids led to irregularities in mitotic phases and abnormalities in the cytokinesis and chromosome segregation, such as bridges, laggards, stickiness, and C-mitosis. Genotoxic effects manifested by a dose-independent induction of primary DNA damages and retrotransposon dynamics were also observed. The used set of physiological, biochemical, and genetic traits provides new information about the organ-specific effects of neonicotinoids in sunflower plants and elaborates on the complexity of mechanisms underpinning these effects that include DNA damages, cytokinesis defects, and genome instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Bonchev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Grigor Zehirov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vesela Vasileva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalefetoğlu Macar T. Investigation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of abamectin pesticide in Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2391-2399. [PMID: 32888152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by abamectin pesticide in Allium cepa L. bulbs. Following 72-h exposure to different doses (0.025 ml/L, 0.050 ml/L, and 0.100 ml/L) of abamectin, growth level, micronuclei abundance, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, malondialdehyde content, meristematic cell damages, and total activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were explored. The results revealed that all concentrations of abamectin were capable of inducing significant and dose-dependent changes in all parameters. Increasing doses of abamectin caused remarkable decreases in germination ratio, weight gain, and root elongation. Due to abamectin-induced genotoxicity, the mitotic index declined, while chromosomal abnormalities listed as micronucleus, fragment, sticky chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, vacuole nucleus, nucleus damage, and multipolar anaphase. Depending on the oxidative stress caused by abamectin administration, the total activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes increased significantly along with the malondialdehyde content. Indistinct transmission tissue, epidermis cell deformation and flattened cell nucleus were the meristematic cell damages in pesticide-applied groups. Findings of the present study revealed that abamectin is a risky pesticide with a variety of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in non-targeted organisms. A. cepa is a promising material for biomonitoring the toxicity of abamectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiao Y, Zheng X, Li G, Zhou C, Wu C, Xu Z, Hu G, Guo X, Li L, Cao H, Latigo V, Liu P. Investigation of the effects of dichlorvos poisoning on AMPK signaling pathway in chicken brain tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114109. [PMID: 32109818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos is a common crop insecticide widely used by people which causes extensive and serious environmental pollution. However, it has been shown that organophosphorus poisoning causes energy metabolism and neural disorders. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the damage to brain tissue and the changes in AMPK signaling pathway-related gene expression after dichlorvos poisoning in chickens. White-feathered broiler chickens, as the research subjects of this experiment, were divided into three groups: control group, low-dose group (77.5% dichlorvos at 1.13 mg/kg dose) and high-dose group (77.5% dichlorvos at 10.2 mg/kg dose). Clinical symptoms were observed after modeling, and an integrative analysis was conducted using HE staining microscopy, immune-histochemical microscopy, electron microscopy and PCR arrays. The results showed that the high-dose group had more obvious dyspnea, salivation, convulsion and other neurological phenomena. Pathological sections showed that nuclear disintegration of neurons was most obvious in the low-dose group, and apoptosis of brain cells was most obvious in the high-dose group, and the mitochondrial structure was destroyed in the two poisoned group, i.e. low-dose group and high-dose group. PCR arrays showed that AMPK signaling pathway was inhibited and the expressions of genes involved in energy metabolism (ACACA and PRKAA1) were significantly changed. Furthermore, genes associated with protein synthesis (EIF4EBP1) were significantly upregulated. FASN and HMGCR expressions were significantly increased. There were significant changes in the expressions of cell cycle-related genes (STK11, TP53 and FOXO3). Organophosphate poisoning can cause a lot of nuclear disintegration of brain neurons, increases cell apoptosis, disrupts the energy metabolism of mitochondrial structure, and inhibits the AMPK signaling pathway. These results provide a certain idea and basis for studying the mechanism of AMPK signaling after organophosphorus poisoning and provide a research basis for the prevention and treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Xibang Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistic, Wright State University Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Vincent Latigo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alves PES, Oliveira MDDAD, Marcos de Almeida P, Martins FA, Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante A, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Feitosa CM, Rai M, Campinho Dos Reis A, Soares da Costa Júnior J. Determination by chromatography and cytotoxotoxic and oxidative effects of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:398-406. [PMID: 30831490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a larvicide, used to combat the proliferation of Aedes aegypti larvae. The objective of this study was to analyze the compounds of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl (PYL) in a commercial larvicide to analyze the cytotoxic and oxidative effects of PPF and PYL. The toxic potential of PPF and PYL were assessed based on lethal concentration (LC50) in Artemia salina, cytotoxicity based on the mitotic index and the chromosomal alterations in Allium cepa and the oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PPF and PYL compounds were identified by HPLC-PDA based on their retention times and spectral data. The wavelengths λmax (258 nm) and (271 nm) of the UV spectrum of PYL and PPF and the retention times (RT) (3.38 min) and (4.03 min), respectively. The toxicological potentials of PPF and PYL were significant at concentrations (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm), with an LC50 of 48 h (0.5 ppm). PPF and PYL pointed out a cytotoxic effect in A. cepa at all concentrations (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 100 and 1000 ppm), genotoxic effect at concentrations only (0.0001; 0.1; 1; 100 and 1000 ppm), and mutagenic for concentrations (0.1, 100 and 1000 ppm). In relation S. cerevisiae, PPF e PYL prompted oxidative damage at concentrations (100 and 1000 ppm) in all strains (SODWT, Sod1, Sod2, Sod1Sod2, Cat1 and Sod1Cat1). Therefore, the PPF and PYL identificated in commercial larvicide by HPLC-PDA produced cytotoxic and oxidative effects that could cause health and ecosystem risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia E Silva Alves
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francielle Aline Martins
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Biotechnology Departament, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Post-Graduation Department in Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, zip code 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Çanlı M. A new perspective to aberrations caused by barium and vanadium ions on Lens culinaris Medik. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:19-23. [PMID: 29783108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates aberrations caused by barium and vanadium on meristematic cells of Lens culinaris Medik. Barium and vanadium ions at various concentrations (0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M, and 1.0 M) were exposed to the seeds of the plant at fixed time interval (12 h). After seedlings, with a microscopic examination images were captured about the root tips. Those images showed that several abnormalities occurred on the plant such as chromosome breakings, chromosome dispersion, bridge chromosome, chromosome adherence, ring chromosome. Variety and number of abnormalities were counted and compared to each other statistically. The results show an increase in abnormalities caused by for both ions with increasing treatment time. Chromosome adherence and chromosome breaking have reverse relationship in which number of occurrence for one of them decreases with increase on other one. Fish bone and chromosome adherence have a positive relationship in which number of one increases with the raise in other's number. Exposed metals have caused formation of ligands with proteins which can prevent the persistence of metal ions in DNA protein cross-links that are involved in DNA formation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Çanlı
- Mucur Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Ahi Evran University, TR-40500 Mucur, Kırşehir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fuchs LK, Jenkins G, Phillips DW. Anthropogenic Impacts on Meiosis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1429. [PMID: 30323826 PMCID: PMC6172301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As the human population grows and continues to encroach on the natural environment, organisms that form part of such ecosystems are becoming increasingly exposed to exogenous anthropogenic factors capable of changing their meiotic landscape. Meiotic recombination generates much of the genetic variation in sexually reproducing species and is known to be a highly conserved pathway. Environmental stresses, such as variations in temperature, have long been known to change the pattern of recombination in both model and crop plants, but there are other factors capable of causing genome damage, infertility and meiotic abnormalities. Our agrarian expansion and our increasing usage of agrochemicals unintentionally affect plants via groundwater contamination or spray drift; our industrial developments release heavy metals into the environment; pathogens are spread by climate change and a globally mobile population; imperfect waste treatment plants are unable to remove chemical and pharmaceutical residues from sewage leading to the release of xenobiotics, all with potentially deleterious meiotic effects. In this review, we discuss the major classes of exogenous anthropogenic factors known to affect meiosis in plants, namely environmental stresses, agricultural inputs, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and pathogens. The possible evolutionary fate of plants thrust into their new anthropogenically imposed environments are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dylan W. Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Verma S, Srivastava A. Morphotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of pendimethalin in the test plant Allium cepa L. - A biomarker based study. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:248-254. [PMID: 29753287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have brought tremendous benefits to mankind by increasing food production and controlling various crop diseases. But their prolonged and extensive use has been reported to induce toxicity. Biological markers used for the evaluation of toxic effects of pesticides have increased these days. The aim of this study was to determine the morphotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects of pesticide pendimethalin applied to the soil by using morphological and genotoxic biomarkers in the test plant Allium cepa L. A pot experiment was set up in which pendimethalin was added to soil at the rate of 0, 0.033, 0.044, 0.055 and 0.066 g kg-1 soil. Similar sized onion bulbs were planted in each pot and 3 replicates were maintained for each dose of pendimethalin at 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days after treatment. Average root number (ARN) and average length of roots (ALR) of onion bulbs were recorded and on the day 3 of sowing roots were harvested and fixed for cytological analysis. Morphological biomarkers revealed significant concentration and duration dependent inhibition of ARN and ALR as compared to control which shows the morphotoxicity of pendimethalin. The results also showed inhibitory effect on the mitotic index (%) of A. cepa while relative abnormality rate (%) increased. Further, we observed aberrations in both the dividing and non-dividing cells along with spotting of few ring chromosomes. Reduced mitotic index, increased relative abnormality rate; various chromosomal and interphase nuclear aberrations all being mitosis endpoint markers reflect the cytogenotoxicity of pendimethalin, even at lower concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India.
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verma S, Srivastava A. Cyto-genotoxic consequences of carbendazim treatment monitored by cytogenetical analysis using Allium root tip bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:238. [PMID: 29564638 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is one of the major problems of these days. One of the reasons of environmental pollution is the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals in agriculture. Fungicides are being extensively used in agriculture for enhancing crop yield and growth by controlling fungal growth. Fungicide carbendazim is widely applied to soil and seeds of vegetable/cereal crops in India and is effective against a very broad spectrum of fungi. The present study was designed to monitor the cyto-genotoxic effects of carbendazim directly in treated soils by cytogenetical analysis using Allium cepa root tip bioassay. In a pot experiment, fungicide carbendazim was added to soil at the rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg kg-1 soil and uniform size onion bulb was planted in each pot, and three replicates were maintained for each dose at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 45 days after application and roots from onion bulbs were fixed for cytogenetical analysis. Findings indicate that carbendazim treatment leads to a significant dose and duration-dependent decrease in percent mitotic index with related increase in mitotic inhibition. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of carbendazim doses and duration of treatment on the percentage relative abnormality rate of A. cepa. Phase indices of our study showed high numbers of cells in prophase as compared to other phases at some doses of treatment. The different types of chromosomal abnormalities observed in our study serve as indicators of genotoxicity of carbendazim and we report for the first time the effect of its application directly in soil using a plant test system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 226007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia CFH, Souza RBD, de Souza CP, Christofoletti CA, Fontanetti CS. Toxicity of two effluents from agricultural activity: Comparing the genotoxicity of sugar cane and orange vinasse. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:216-221. [PMID: 28412625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vinasse, produced by several countries as a by-product of agricultural activity, has different alternatives for its reuse, mainly fertirrigation. Several monocultures, such as sugar cane and orange crops, produce this effluent. Sugar cane vinasse is already widely used in fertirrigation and orange vinasse has potential for this intention. However, its use as a fertilizer has caused great concern. Thus, ecotoxicological evaluation is extremely important in order to assess the possible effects on the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of vinasse of two different crops: sugar cane and orange. For this purpose, bioassays with Allium cepa as a test organism were performed with two vinasse dilutions (2.5% and 5%) to detect chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus induction. The results showed that both types of vinasse are able to induce chromosomal aberrations in meristematic cells, mainly nuclear and anaphasic bridges, suggesting genotoxic potential. The induction of micronuclei in cells of the F1 region suggests that the two residues have mutagenic potential. Thus, caution is advised when applying these effluents in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fernandes H Garcia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Raphael B de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pereira de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Cintya Ap Christofoletti
- UNIARARAS - Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Araras - Avenida Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Jardim Universitario, 13607-339 Araras, Brazil
| | - Carmem S Fontanetti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro - Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Souza RB, de Souza CP, Bueno OC, Fontanetti CS. Genotoxicity evaluation of two metallic-insecticides using Allium cepa and Tradescantia pallida: A new alternative against leaf-cutting ants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1093-1099. [PMID: 27816288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to combat leaf-cutting ants, the pesticide sulfluramid used to be the most widely utilized active ingredient. However, its use was banned in 2009 by the Stockholm Convention, although some countries were allowed to continue using it. As an effective alternative to its replacement, researchers developed a metallic-insecticide system, which is a natural product linked to metal complexes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of these new metallic-insecticides in change the genetic material of non-target organisms. The tests were performed utilizing chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus tests in the Allium cepa test system and the Trad-MCN test in Tradescantia pallida. To better understand the results, one of the components of the formula, 5-methyl-phenanthroline, was also analyzed according to the same parameters. To A. cepa, the results showed that one of the metallic insecticides induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at different concentrations, while the other metallic-insecticide showed chromosomal instability only at the highest concentration. The analysis of 5-methyl-phenanthroline revealed that it can be related with the positive results, since genotoxic effects were induced. In the Trad-MCN test, none of the metallic-insecticides showed genotoxic activity, although one of them induced more micronucleus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bastão de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pereira de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|