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Paula Sales P, Das Dores Alves de Oliveira M, Figueiredo Watanabe JM, da Silva Barbosa AP, da Mata BCA, de Jesus E Silva Viana M, Dalia Rego Medeiros PC, Carvalho Souza D, Do Nascimento Silva J, Lima NM, da Costa Júnior JS, Alline Martins F, E Silva Filho FA, de Almeida PM. Phytochemical characterization, isolation, antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of leaves of Heliotropium elongatum (Lehm) I.M. Johnst. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:871-897. [PMID: 37682045 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2254815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Heliotropium elongatum is used to treat inflammation, cough, and flu. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile and determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract (EE), and fractions of H. elongatum leaves. In the phytochemical profile analysis, organic acids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids/triterpenes, and depsides/depsidones were detected in the EE and/or fractions (hexanic/FH, chloroformic/FC, ethyl acetate/FAE, and hydromethanolic/FHM). The highest TPC and highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) was detected in FHM. In FH, 16 compounds were identified by GC-MS, and ursolic acid was isolated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. HPLC-DAD from EE, FAE, and FHM demonstrated characteristic wavelengths for flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, and anthraquinones. ESI-IT/MSn analysis of EE, FC, FAE, and FHM revealed alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In Allium cepa assay there was no significant cytotoxic effect initiated by EE (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml), FHM (1,000 µg/ml), and FAE (62.5 µg/ml). Genotoxicity was evidenced only with EE at 500 and 1,000 µg/ml, and FHM (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml) as evidenced by presence of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NB). Our results identified compounds of medicinal interest with antioxidant activity; however observed cytogenotoxic changes indicated the need for caution when using these compounds for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Paula Sales
- Department Chemistry, Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Brenda Caylla Alves da Mata
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nerilson Marques Lima
- Department Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brasil
| | | | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Araujo JRDS, de Barros Arcoverde JV, de Farias Silva MG, Barros de Santana ER, da Silva PA, de Sousa S, Araujo, Santos N, de Almeida PM, de Andrade Lima CS, Benko-Iseppon AM, Aracati Padilha RJS, Alves M, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:104-112. [PMID: 34906022 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amburana cearensis leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of A. cearensis leaves by antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC50 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Araujo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Neide Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marccus Alves
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Lopes KS, Sousa HG, Artur E Silva Filho F, da Silva Neta ER, de Lima SG, Dos Santos Rocha M, Marques RB, da Costa CLS, de Oliveira AN, Bezerra DGP, Alline Martins F, de Almeida PM, Uchôa VT, Martins Maia Filho AL. Identification of bioactive compounds and cytogenotoxicity of the essential oil from the leaves of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2022; 85:1002-1018. [PMID: 36415179 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2146618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, popularly known as "quince" and "velame," contains a high concentration of volatile oils in the leaves, and widely used in folk medicine as an antiseptic, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic and local anesthetic. The objectives of this investigation were to (1) identify the phytochemical compounds and (2) assess the cytogenotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. heliotropiifolius Kunth. The oil was extracted utilizing hydrodistillation and phytochemical profile determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). In the toxicogenetics analysis, Allium cepa roots were exposed to 1% dimethylsulfoxide or methylmethanesulfonate (MMS, 10 µg/ml) negative and positive controls, respectively, and to C. heliotropiifolius oil at 6 concentrations (0.32; 1.6; 8; 40; 200 or 1000 µg/ml). The phytochemical profile exhibited 40 chromatographic bands, and 33 compounds identified. α-pinene (16.7%) and 1,8-cineole (13.81%) were identified as the major compounds. Some of these identified secondary metabolites displayed biological and pharmacological activities previously reported including antiseptic, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory as well insecticidal, antiviral, anti-fungal actions. In the A. cepa test, C. heliotropiifolius leaves oil induced cytotoxicity at concentrations of 0.32, 1.6 or 200 µg/ml and genotoxicity at 200 or 1000 µg/ml as evidenced by increased presence of micronuclei and significant chromosomal losses. Based upon our observations data demonstrated that the essential oil of C. heliotropiifolius leaves contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes which are associated with cytotoxic and genotoxic responses noted in on A. cepa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katianne Soares Lopes
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosemarie Brandim Marques
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - André Nunes de Oliveira
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Luiz Martins Maia Filho
- Graduate Program in Chemistry/PPGQ-GERATEC-DQ - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Research Center in Biotechnology and Biodiversity - State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Teixeira da Silva T, Braga Martins J, Do Socorro de Brito Lopes M, de Almeida PM, Silva Sá JL, Alline Martins F. Modulating effect of DL-kavain on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity induced by doxorubicin in Drosophila melanogaster. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:769-782. [PMID: 34176449 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1942354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Kavain, kavalactone, present in Piper methysticum exhibits anticonvulsive, analgesic, anxiolytic, antiepileptic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Given its importance, the aim of the present study was to assess (1) the mutagenic and carcinogenicity of kavain administered alone and (2) the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential when administered simultaneously with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and Epithelial Tumor Test (ETT) using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Third-stage larvae from a standard (ST) and high metabolic bioactivation (HB) crosses were treated with different kavain concentrations (32, 64 or 128 μg/ml), alone or in conjunction with DXR (0.125 mg/ml). In ST descendants, kavain produced no significant mutagenic or recombinogenic effects. In the HB cross, mutagenic activity was observed at kavain concentrations of 64 and 128 μg/ml. In the DXR and kavain co-treatment, a modulating effect of the DXR-mediated mutagenic response dependent upon the concentration was detected in both crosses. In ETT, no marked carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic activity was noted for kavain. However, when kavain was combined with DXR synergistic induction of tumors by the chemotherapeutic drug occurred indicating that kavain enhanced the carcinogenic action of DXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Teixeira da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, State Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Natural Sciences, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Júlia Braga Martins
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Natural Sciences, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Natural Sciences, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Health Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Silva Sá
- Department of Chemistry, State Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Department of Chemistry, State Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry, University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Natural Sciences, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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da Silva Araújo JR, Silva Morais JG, Santos CM, Araújo Rocha KC, Rios Fagundes ADCA, E Silva Filho FA, Martins FA, de Almeida PM. Phytochemical prospecting, isolation, and protective effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:743-760. [PMID: 34120581 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1938767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha mollissima is used in folk medicine as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and larvicidal. However, few toxicogenetic studies have been carried out. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile of ethanolic leaf extract of J. mollissima (EEJM) as well as potential cytotoxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic properties. The EEJM was subjected to successive fractionation for the isolation of secondary metabolites, and five concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mg/ml) of extract were investigated using Allium cepa assay and the Somatic Mutation and Recombination (SMART) test. The mitotic index and % damage reduction were analyzed for A. cepa and the frequency of mutant hair for SMART. The presence of coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins was detected, while spinasterol and n-triacontane were the isolates identified for the first time for this species. EEJM did not exhibit cytotoxicity and was not mutagenic at 1 or 10 mg/ml using A. cepa and all concentrations of EEJM were not mutagenic in the SMART test. A cytoprotective effect was found at all concentrations. At 1 or 10 mg/ml EEJM exhibited antimutagenicity in A. cepa. In SMART, the protective effect was observed at 0.1 to 100 mg/ml EEJM. Our results demonstrate the important chemopreventive activity of EEJM, a desired quality in the search for natural anticarcinogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rafael da Silva Araújo
- Department Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics and Vegetal Biotechnology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Silva Morais
- Department of Biology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Cleidiane Macêdo Santos
- Department of Biology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kelvim Crist Araújo Rocha
- Department of Biology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Artur E Silva Filho
- Department of Biology, Bioprospecting Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Department of Biology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Department of Biology, Center of Natural Sciences (CCN), Laboratory of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Sousa HG, Uchôa VT, Cavalcanti SMG, de Almeida PM, Chaves MH, Lima Neto JDS, Nunes PHM, da Costa Júnior JS, Rai M, Do Carmo IS, de Sousa EA. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:399-417. [PMID: 33494643 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India
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Dos Santos Freire J, Dos Santos Fernandes BC, da Silva JAC, da Silva Araújo JR, de Almeida PM, da Costa Júnior JS, da Silva JN, de Freitas SDL, Martins FA. Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization, cytogenotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the fractions of the ethanolic extract of in Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:730-747. [PMID: 32998665 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1824136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
has been widely used in folk medicine to treat catarrhal infections, diarrhea, and anemia; however, phytochemical and toxicogenetic data are still lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics as well as assess cytogenotoxicity and antigenotoxicity in hexane (HF), ether (EF) and ethyl acetate (AF) fractions of P. bracteosa leaves using Allium cepa bioassay. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins and phenolic groups. EF fraction contained a higher content of total phenolics (441.23 ± 1.82 mg GAE/g), while HF fraction showed a higher content of total flavonoids (84.77 ± 5.33 mg QE/g). Higher antioxidant activity was observed in EF (EC50 25.06 ± 0.07 µg/ml). Cytotoxic effect was verified for all fractions, but no chromosomal alterations were observed in the A. cepa assay. With respect to antigenotoxicity, the protective effect of EF and AF fractions was attributed to as evidenced by the modulation of mutagenic action of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), mainly by inhibiting the development of micronuclei. Among the fractions, EF was considered the most promising, as it exhibited higher antioxidant activity, was not genotoxic, exerted protective activity against the damage induced by MMS and also presented cytotoxic activity, a desired quality in the search for natural anticarcinogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francielle Alline Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI , Teresina, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI , Teresina, Brasil
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Alves PES, Oliveira MDDAD, Marcos de Almeida P, Martins FA, Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante A, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Feitosa CM, Rai M, Campinho Dos Reis A, Soares da Costa Júnior J. Determination by chromatography and cytotoxotoxic and oxidative effects of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl. Chemosphere 2019; 224:398-406. [PMID: 30831490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a larvicide, used to combat the proliferation of Aedes aegypti larvae. The objective of this study was to analyze the compounds of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl (PYL) in a commercial larvicide to analyze the cytotoxic and oxidative effects of PPF and PYL. The toxic potential of PPF and PYL were assessed based on lethal concentration (LC50) in Artemia salina, cytotoxicity based on the mitotic index and the chromosomal alterations in Allium cepa and the oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PPF and PYL compounds were identified by HPLC-PDA based on their retention times and spectral data. The wavelengths λmax (258 nm) and (271 nm) of the UV spectrum of PYL and PPF and the retention times (RT) (3.38 min) and (4.03 min), respectively. The toxicological potentials of PPF and PYL were significant at concentrations (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm), with an LC50 of 48 h (0.5 ppm). PPF and PYL pointed out a cytotoxic effect in A. cepa at all concentrations (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 100 and 1000 ppm), genotoxic effect at concentrations only (0.0001; 0.1; 1; 100 and 1000 ppm), and mutagenic for concentrations (0.1, 100 and 1000 ppm). In relation S. cerevisiae, PPF e PYL prompted oxidative damage at concentrations (100 and 1000 ppm) in all strains (SODWT, Sod1, Sod2, Sod1Sod2, Cat1 and Sod1Cat1). Therefore, the PPF and PYL identificated in commercial larvicide by HPLC-PDA produced cytotoxic and oxidative effects that could cause health and ecosystem risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia E Silva Alves
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francielle Aline Martins
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Biotechnology Departament, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Post-Graduation Department in Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, zip code 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Araújo SDS, Fernandes TCC, Cardona YT, Almeida PMD, Marin-Morales MA, Dos Santos AV, Randau KP, Benko-Iseppon AM, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extract of Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. on HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 170:16-9. [PMID: 25937254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. is a weed with recognized antimicrobial potential employed in Indian, Asian and Latin-American popular medicine. However, little is known with regard to its toxic potential. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extract of E. hyssopifolia in HepG2 cell culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract was carried out to determine the presence of active secondary plant metabolites. Six concentrations (0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0mg/mL) of ethanolic extract were tested by the MTT assay to verify cytotoxicity. Then, genotoxic evaluations (alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay - CBMN) were carried out in HepG2 cells with extract concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0mg/mL. RESULTS Mono and sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and steroids, and flavonoids were the main classes found in the phytochemical screening. Extract concentrations used in the MTT assay showed no cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, genotoxic activity was verified at 0.1 and 1.0mg/mL in the alkaline comet assay. Additionally, the 1.0mg/mL concentration induced severe cell damage leading to death in the CBMN assay, indicating a cytotoxic effect for this concentration in the latter method. CONCLUSION The use of E. hyssopifolia extract for medicinal purposes should be avoided, because concentrations above 0.01mg/mL may pose risk to human health due to cytotoxic and/or genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Biological Sciences, Genetics Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Casimiro Fernandes
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Institut of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Yaliana Tafurt Cardona
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Institut of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Biological Sciences, Genetics Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Institut of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Vidal Dos Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Karina Perrelli Randau
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Biological Sciences, Genetics Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
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de Almeida PM, de Sousa Araújo S, Marin-Morales MA, Benko-Iseppon AM, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Genotoxic potential of the latex from cotton-leaf physicnut (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.). Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:93-100. [PMID: 25983630 PMCID: PMC4415560 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738120140162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as cotton-leaf physicnut, is a milky shrub notable for its medicinal properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the latex of J. gossypiifolia, using Allium cepa L. as test system. Seeds of A. cepa were exposed to five concentrations of the latex (1.25; 2.5; 5; 10 and 20 mL/L) in order to evaluate parameters of toxicity (evaluation of root growth), cytotoxicity (mitotic index frequency) and genotoxicity (frequency of chromosome alterations). The latex showed a significant decrease in root mean growth value as well as mitotic index for the tested concentrations, except for 1.25 mL/L, when compared to results from the negative control. The 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mL/L concentrations induced significant chromo-some adherences, C-metaphases and/or chromosome bridges, as genotoxic effects. The significant frequency of chromosome bridges also indicated mutagenic potential for chromosomes of J. gossypiifolia as discussed in the paper. Considering that the latex is used in popular therapies, and that the test system A. cepa presents good correlation with tests carried out in mammals, it can be pointed out that its use for medicinal purposes may be harmful to human health especially if ingested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do
Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade
Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP,
Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
| | - Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
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