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Amaral de Mascena Costa L, Harmon AC, Aguiar Coelho Teixeira A, Cássio Silva de Lima F, de Sousa Araújo S, Del Piero F, Diógenes da Silva Souza H, Filgueiras de Athayde Filho P, Alves Junior S, de Mascena Diniz Maia M, Wischral A, Adrião Gomes Filho M, Mathis JM. Cytotoxic Activity of the Mesoionic Compound MIH 2.4Bl in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2020; 14:1178223420913330. [PMID: 32655277 PMCID: PMC7331763 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420913330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of a new 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolate derivative of a mesoionic compound (MIH 2.4Bl) and the characterization of its selective cytotoxicity on a panel of breast cancer cells lines. The cytotoxic effect of MIH 2.4Bl on breast cancer cell lines was determined by XTT and crystal violet assays, flow cytometry analysis, electron microscopy characterization, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assays. As determined using XTT cell growth and survival assays, MIH 2.4Bl exhibited growth inhibition activity on most breast cancer cell lines tested, compared with normal human mammary epithelial cells. Three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T-47D, and ZR-75-1) showed a more potent sensitivity index to growth inhibition by MIH 2.4Bl than the other breast cancer cell lines. Interestingly, these 3 cell lines were derived from tumors of Luminal A origin and have ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive expression. Additional analysis of cytotoxicity mediated by MIH 2.4Bl was performed using the MCF-7 cell line. MCF-7 cells displayed both time- and dose-dependent decreases in cell growth and survival, with a maximum cytotoxic effect observed at 72 and 96 hours. The MCF-7 cells were also characterized for cell cycle changes upon treatment with MIH 2.4Bl. Using flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle distribution, a treatment-dependent effect was observed; treatment of cells with MIH 2.4Bl increased the G2/M population to 34.2% compared with 0.1% in untreated (control) cells. Ultrastructural analysis of MFC-7 cells treated with MIH 2.4Bl at 2 different concentrations (37.5 and 75 μM) was performed by transmission electron microscopy. Cells treated with 37.5 μM MIH 2.4Bl showed morphologic changes beginning at 6 hours after treatment, while cells treated with 75 μM showed changes beginning at 3 hours after treatment. These changes were characterized by an alteration of nuclear morphology and mitochondrial degeneration consistent with apoptotic cell death. Results of a TUNEL assay performed on cells treated for 96 hours with MIH 2.4Bl supported the observation of apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that MIH 2.4Bl is a promising candidate for treating breast cancer and support further in vitro and in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Amaral de Mascena Costa
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Filipe Cássio Silva de Lima
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Severino Alves Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Aurea Wischral
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Manoel Adrião Gomes Filho
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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de Mascena Costa LA, Debnath D, Harmon AC, de Sousa Araújo S, da Silva Souza HD, de Athayde Filho PF, Wischral A, Adrião Gomes Filho M, Mathis JM. Mechanistic studies of cytotoxic activity of the mesoionic compound MIH 2.4Bl in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2291-2301. [PMID: 32782546 PMCID: PMC7399858 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of a 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolate derivative of a mesoionic compound, MIH 2.4Bl, were assessed in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The cytotoxic effects of MIH 2.4Bl were determined using a crystal violet assay. Using a dose-response curve, the IC50 value of MIH 2.4Bl was determined to be 45.8±0.8 µM. Additionally, the effects of MIH 2.4Bl on mitochondrial respiration were characterized using oxygen consumption rate analysis. Treating MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of MIH 2.4Bl resulted in a significant reduction in all mitochondrial respiratory parameters compared with the control cells, indicative of an overall decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The induction of autophagy by MIH 2.4Bl was also examined by measuring changes in the expression of protein markers of autophagy. As shown by western blot analysis, treatment of MCF-7 cells with MIH 2.4Bl resulted in increased protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and ATG5, as well as an increase in the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B)-II to LC3B-I ratio compared with the control cells. Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression following MIH 2.4Bl treatment demonstrated 3,659 genes exhibited a fold-change ≥2. Among these genes, 779 were up-regulated, and 2,880 were down-regulated in cells treated with MIH 2.4Bl compared with the control cells. Based on the identity of the transcripts and fold-change of expression, six genes were selected for verification by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR; activating transcription factor 3, acidic repeat-containing protein, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, regulator of G-protein signaling 2, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 and adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 2. The results of RT-qPCR analysis of RNA isolated from control and MIH 2.4Bl treated cells were consistent with the expression changes identified by microarray analysis. Together, these results suggest that MIH 2.4Bl may be a promising candidate for treating breast cancer and warrants further in vitro and in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Amaral de Mascena Costa
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Dipti Debnath
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aurea Wischral
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Adrião Gomes Filho
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Silva JYR, Proenza YG, da Luz LL, de Sousa Araújo S, Filho MAG, Junior SA, Soares TA, Longo RL. A thermo-responsive adsorbent-heater-thermometer nanomaterial for controlled drug release: (ZIF-8,Eu xTb y)@AuNP core-shell. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 102:578-588. [PMID: 31147030 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An adsorbent-heater-thermometer nanomaterial, (ZIF-8,EuxTby)@AuNP, based on ZIF-8 (adsorbent), containing Eu3+ and/or Tb3+ ions (thermometer) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, heater) was designed, synthetized, characterized, and applied to controlled drug release. These composite materials were characterized as core-shell nanocrystals with the AuNPs being the core, around which the crystalline ZIF-8 has grown (shell) and onto which the lanthanide ions have been incorporated or chemosorbed. This shell of ZIF-8 acts as adsorbent of the drugs, the AuNPs act as heaters, while the luminescence intensities of the ligand and the lanthanide ions are used for temperature monitoring. This thermo-responsive material can be activated by visible irradiation to release small molecules in a controlled manner as established for the model pharmaceutical compounds 5-fluorouracil and caffeine. Computer simulations and transition state theory calculations shown that the diffusion of small molecules between neighboring pores in ZIF-8 is severely restricted and involves high-energy barriers. These findings imply that these molecules are uploaded onto and released from the ZIF-8 surface instead of being inside the cavities. This is the first report of ZIF-8 nanocrystals (adsorbents) containing simultaneously lanthanide ions as sensitive nanothermometers and AuNPs as heaters for controlled drug release in a physiological temperature range. These results provide a proof-of-concept that can be applied to other classes of materials, and offer a novel perspective on the design of self-assembly multifunctional thermo-responsive adsorbing materials that are easily prepared and promptly controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Yago R Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Yaicel G Proenza
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leonis L da Luz
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Adrião Gomes Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Severino Alves Junior
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thereza A Soares
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo L Longo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Araújo SDS, Fernandes TCC, Cardona YT, Almeida PMD, Marin-Morales MA, Dos Santos AV, Randau KP, Benko-Iseppon AM, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extract of Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. on HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 170:16-9. [PMID: 25937254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. is a weed with recognized antimicrobial potential employed in Indian, Asian and Latin-American popular medicine. However, little is known with regard to its toxic potential. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extract of E. hyssopifolia in HepG2 cell culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract was carried out to determine the presence of active secondary plant metabolites. Six concentrations (0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0mg/mL) of ethanolic extract were tested by the MTT assay to verify cytotoxicity. Then, genotoxic evaluations (alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay - CBMN) were carried out in HepG2 cells with extract concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0mg/mL. RESULTS Mono and sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and steroids, and flavonoids were the main classes found in the phytochemical screening. Extract concentrations used in the MTT assay showed no cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, genotoxic activity was verified at 0.1 and 1.0mg/mL in the alkaline comet assay. Additionally, the 1.0mg/mL concentration induced severe cell damage leading to death in the CBMN assay, indicating a cytotoxic effect for this concentration in the latter method. CONCLUSION The use of E. hyssopifolia extract for medicinal purposes should be avoided, because concentrations above 0.01mg/mL may pose risk to human health due to cytotoxic and/or genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Biological Sciences, Genetics Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Casimiro Fernandes
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Institut of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Yaliana Tafurt Cardona
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Institut of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Biological Sciences, Genetics Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Institut of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Department of Biology, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Vidal Dos Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Karina Perrelli Randau
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Health Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Centre of Biological Sciences, Genetics Department, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
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de Almeida PM, de Sousa Araújo S, Marin-Morales MA, Benko-Iseppon AM, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Genotoxic potential of the latex from cotton-leaf physicnut (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.). Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:93-100. [PMID: 25983630 PMCID: PMC4415560 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738120140162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as cotton-leaf physicnut, is a milky shrub notable for its medicinal properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the latex of J. gossypiifolia, using Allium cepa L. as test system. Seeds of A. cepa were exposed to five concentrations of the latex (1.25; 2.5; 5; 10 and 20 mL/L) in order to evaluate parameters of toxicity (evaluation of root growth), cytotoxicity (mitotic index frequency) and genotoxicity (frequency of chromosome alterations). The latex showed a significant decrease in root mean growth value as well as mitotic index for the tested concentrations, except for 1.25 mL/L, when compared to results from the negative control. The 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mL/L concentrations induced significant chromo-some adherences, C-metaphases and/or chromosome bridges, as genotoxic effects. The significant frequency of chromosome bridges also indicated mutagenic potential for chromosomes of J. gossypiifolia as discussed in the paper. Considering that the latex is used in popular therapies, and that the test system A. cepa presents good correlation with tests carried out in mammals, it can be pointed out that its use for medicinal purposes may be harmful to human health especially if ingested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do
Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade
Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, SP,
Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
| | - Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de
Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE,
Brazil
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