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Liu X, Zhang X, Wang T, Jin B, Wu L, Lara R, Monge M, Reche C, Jaffrezo JL, Uzu G, Dominutti P, Darfeuil S, Favez O, Conil S, Marchand N, Castillo S, de la Rosa JD, Stuart G, Eleftheriadis K, Diapouli E, Gini MI, Nava S, Alves C, Wang X, Xu Y, Green DC, Beddows DCS, Harrison RM, Alastuey A, Querol X. PM 10-bound trace elements in pan-European urban atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119630. [PMID: 39019137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Although many studies have discussed the impact of Europe's air quality, very limited research focused on the detailed phenomenology of ambient trace elements (TEs) in PM10 in urban atmosphere. This study compiled long-term (2013-2022) measurements of speciation of ambient urban PM10 from 55 sites of 7 countries (Switzerland, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK), aiming to elucidate the phenomenology of 20 TEs in PM10 in urban Europe. The monitoring sites comprised urban background (UB, n = 26), traffic (TR, n = 10), industrial (IN, n = 5), suburban background (SUB, n = 7), and rural background (RB, n = 7) types. The sampling campaigns were conducted using standardized protocols to ensure data comparability. In each country, PM10 samples were collected over a fixed period using high-volume air samplers. The analysis encompassed the spatio-temporal distribution of TEs, and relationships between TEs at each site. Results indicated an annual average for the sum of 20 TEs of 90 ± 65 ng/m3, with TR and IN sites exhibiting the highest concentrations (130 ± 66 and 131 ± 80 ng/m3, respectively). Seasonal variability in TEs concentrations, influenced by emission sources and meteorology, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across all monitoring sites. Estimation of TE concentrations highlighted distinct ratios between non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic metals, with Zn (40 ± 49 ng/m3), Ti (21 ± 29 ng/m3), and Cu (23 ± 35 ng/m3) dominating non-carcinogenic TEs, while Cr (5 ± 7 ng/m3), and Ni (2 ± 6 ng/m3) were prominent among carcinogenic ones. Correlations between TEs across diverse locations and seasons varied, in agreement with differences in emission sources and meteorological conditions. This study provides valuable insights into TEs in pan-European urban atmosphere, contributing to a comprehensive dataset for future environmental protection policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bowen Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rosa Lara
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Monge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, IGE, UMR 5001, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Uzu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, IGE, UMR 5001, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pamela Dominutti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, IGE, UMR 5001, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Darfeuil
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, IGE, UMR 5001, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire central de surveillance de la qualité de l'air (LCSQA), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Sébastien Conil
- ANDRA DISTEC/EES Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, F-55290, Bure, France
| | | | - Sonia Castillo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute of Earth System Research, IISTA-CEAMA, University of Granada, 18006, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús D de la Rosa
- Associate Unit CSIC-UHU Atmospheric Pollution, University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Grange Stuart
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Diapouli
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria I Gini
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Silvia Nava
- INFN Division of Florence and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via G.Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Célia Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Xianxia Wang
- School of Management, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - David C S Beddows
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Xing J, Ding R, Chen F, Peng L, Wang W, Song X, Ye Q, Liu Y. Fine particle trace elements at a mountain site in southern China: Source identification, transport, and health risks. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:166-181. [PMID: 38408818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter play a significant role in air quality, human health, and biogeochemical cycles. In this study, the trace elements (Ca, Al, K, Fe, Na, Mg, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Sr, Ni) in PM2.5 samples collected at the summit of Mt. Lushan were analyzed to quantify their abundance, source, transport, and health risks. During the whole sampling period, the major trace elements was Ca, Al, and K. While the trace metals with the lowest concentrations were Sr, Ni, Rb, and Cd. The trace elements were influenced by air mass transport routes, exhibiting an increasing trend of crustal elements in the northwesterly airmass and anthropogenic elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in the easterly air masses. Construction dust, coal + biomass burning, vehicle emission, urban nitrate-rich + urban waste incineration emissions, and soil dust + industry emissions were common sources of PM2.5 on Mt. Lushan. Different air mass transport routes had various source contribution patterns. These results indicate that trace elements at Mt. Lushan are influenced by regional anthropogenic emissions and monsoon-dominated trace element transport. The total resulting cancer risk value that these elements posed were below the acceptable risk value of 1 × 10-6, while the non-carcinogenic risk value (1.72) was higher than the safety level, suggesting that non-carcinogenic effects due to these trace elements inhalation were likely to occur. Vehicle emission and coal + biomass burning were the common dominant sources of non-cancer risks posed by trace elements at Mt. Lushan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Runping Ding
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Feifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Linyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources & Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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3
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Guo SE, Ratner PA, Tseng SC, Lin CM, Chi MC, Lee CW, Yu YC. Exposure to incense burning, biomarkers, and the physical health of temple workers in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101804-101816. [PMID: 37659022 PMCID: PMC10542283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Incense burning releases heavy particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), known to have adverse effects on human health. Long-term exposure to PM and NO2 increases inflammatory cytokine levels and can induce respiratory diseases. This study examined the association between incense burning exposure and the health status, especially inflammatory biomarkers, of temple workers and volunteers in Taiwan. The longitudinal observational study compared adult temple workers and volunteers, with long-term incense burning exposure, to residents from outpatient clinics in the Chiayi area. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) cytokines were assessed. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare cytokine levels of the exposure and control groups during the cold and hot weather seasons. FEV1 was significantly more diminished in the exposed group than in the control group during the cold season. Exposure status was associated with greater hot-cold seasonal differences in serum interleukins (IL)-1β (regression coefficient (B) = 6.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.0 to 8.3, p < .001), IL17-A (B = 2.4, 95% CI = 0.3 to 4.5, p = .03), and plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1 (B = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.5 to 9.3, p = .009). After adjusting for confounders, the groups' serum levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, and PAI-1 significantly differed. EBC cytokines did not show significant differences. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IL17-A, and PAI-1 have been associated with various autoinflammatory syndromes and diseases. Given the cultural significance of incense burning, culturally sensitive interventions, including education, policy development, and program implementation, are crucial to protect individuals' health, especially temple workers, from the adverse effects of exposure, addressing the manufacture, importation, and sale of incense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Er Guo
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Pamela A Ratner
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Sung-Chih Tseng
- Family Medicine Department, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University (CGU), Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, CGU, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
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Chi MC, Lin ZC, Lee CW, Huang CCY, Peng KT, Lin CM, Lee HC, Fang ML, Chiang YC. Tanshinone IIA suppresses burning incense-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in astrocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114987. [PMID: 37172407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The burning incense (BI) behavior could be widely observed in Asia families. Incense sticks are often believed to be made from natural herbs and powders, and to have minimal impact on human health; however, there is limited research to support this claim. The current study aimed to identify the components of BI within the particulate matter 2.5 µm (PM2.5) range and explore if BI has bio-toxicity effects on rat astrocytes (CTX-TNA2). The study also examined the protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of tanshinone IIA, a primary lipid-soluble compound found in the herb danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), which has been shown to benefit the central nervous system. Results showed that despite the differences in BI components compared to the atmospheric particulate matter (PM) standards, BI still had a bio-toxicity on astrocytes. BI exposure caused early and late apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, MAPKs (JNK, p38, and ERK), and Akt signaling activation, and inflammation-related proteins (cPLA2, COX-2, HO-1, and MMP-9) increases. Our results further exhibit that the tanshinone IIA pre-treatment could significantly avoid the BI-induced apoptosis and inflammatory signals on rat astrocytes. These findings suggest that BI exposure may cause oxidative stress in rat astrocytes and increase inflammation-related proteins and support the potential of tanshinone IIA as a candidate for preventing BI-related adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ching Chi
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Lee
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Fang
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Super Micro Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan.
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5
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Hung CW, Shih MF. Air quality changes in Taiwan over the past decades and during the COVID-19 crisis. TERRESTRIAL, ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES 2023; 34:5. [PMCID: PMC10068717 DOI: 10.1007/s44195-023-00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, Taiwan has achieved remarkable goals in air pollution reduction with the concentrations of several common air pollutants such as CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 going down. In contrast to these achievements, the mitigation of O3 remains extremely tough due to the complexity of its formation process involving synergistic effects of precursor reductions and meteorological influences. During the local COVID-19 crises in Taiwan and the Level 3 alert in 2021, air pollutants directly emitted from the traffic such as CO and NOx present clear relationships with the drop of the recorded freeway traffic volume due to the alert, while PM10 and PM2.5 which are also relevant to the traffic do not show indications of being greatly influenced by the decrease of the traffic flow. Although road traffic is not regarded as a main source of SO2 by current understanding, the unusual SO2 variation patterns found in this study suggest a prolonged impact for months from the changes of travel behavior during the epidemic. In contrast, the epidemic did not exert influences on industrial SO2 concentration which accounts for a large portion of total SO2 in Taiwan, and a similar scenario is also seen in each type of O3 monitoring. Although some results discussed in this study are not in line with current consensuses and understandings in terms of the nation of certain air pollutants, these findings may disclose new perspectives which could be a potential benefit to air quality improvement projects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-wen Hung
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Sec 1, Hoping East Rd, 106 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Shih
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Sec 1, Hoping East Rd, 106 Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Rezaei Rahimi N, Fouladi-Fard R, Rezvani Ghalhari M, Mojarrad H, Yari A, Farajollahi MM, Hamta A, Fiore M. The links between microclimatic and particulate matter concentration in a multi-storey car parking: a case study iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:775-783. [PMID: 36406607 PMCID: PMC9672195 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-storey cars increasing with population growth have excellent security and temporary parking for cars in big cities, which isn't suitable for parking in the streets. The goals of this study are (1) to determine PM concentrations in the ZGP and (2) to investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on PM concentration in ZGP. This study measured the levels of emitted PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 by GRIMM EDM 107 laser dust monitor in a busy multi-storey parking garage located in Qom. Moreover, the relationship between microclimatic parameters and the contaminants mentioned above was investigated. Samples were collected in two stages in different spatiotemporal conditions, namely, the summer and autumn of 2017. The results indicate that during the sampling period, the daily mean ± standard deviation of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 120.9 ± 90.6, 28.5 ± 10.4, and 10.8 ± 3.8 µg/m3, respectively. A decrease in pollution level was observed during the measurement period. During rush hours, the levels of particulate matter increased. Also, a significant positive relationship between indoor humidity and particle level was observed, while there was a meaningful, inverse relationship between temperature and particle level. The high PM concentration in the parking garage indicates the necessity of proper management and planning. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Rezaei Rahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fouladi-Fard
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Mojarrad
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yari
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hamta
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qom University of medical sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ma C, Lin L, Yang J, Zhang H. The Relative Contributions of Different Wheat Leaves to the Grain Cadmium Accumulation. TOXICS 2022; 10:637. [PMID: 36355929 PMCID: PMC9697351 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the context of increasing atmospheric particles pollution, wheat cadmium (Cd) pollution caused by atmospheric deposition in agro-ecosystems has attracted increasing attention. However, the relative contribution of different wheat leaves-to-grain Cd accumulation is still unclear. We assessed the roles of different wheat leaves on grain Cd accumulation with field-comparative experiments during the filling stage. Results show that wheat leaves can direct uptake atmospheric Cd through stomata, and the flag leaf exhibited a higher Cd concentration compared to other leaves. The relative contribution of the leaves-to-grain Cd accumulation decreased gradually during the grain-filling period, from 34.44% reaching 14.48%, indicating that the early grain-filling period is the critical period for leaf Cd contributions. Moreover, the relative contribution of flag leaves (7.27%) to grain Cd accumulation was larger than that of the sum of other leaves (7.21%) at maturity. Therefore, the flag leaf is the key leaf involved in grain Cd accumulation, and controlling the transport of Cd from leaves to grains at the early filling period, particularly flag leaf, could help to ensure wheat grain safety, thus ensuring the safety of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhou B, Wang J, Liu S, Ho SSH, Wu T, Zhang Y, Tian J, Feng Q, Li C, Wang Q. Extrapolation of anthropogenic disturbances on hazard elements in PM 2.5 in a typical heavy industrial city in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64582-64596. [PMID: 35471756 PMCID: PMC9039608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Baoji is a typical heavy industrial city in northwest China. Its air quality is greatly impacted by the emission from the factories. Elements in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that are greatly emitted from anthropogenic sources could pose diverse health impacts on humans. In this study, an online AMMS-100 atmospheric heavy metal analyzer was used to quantify 30 elements in PM2.5 under the weak and strong anthropogenic disturbance scenarios before the city lockdown period (from January 9th to 23rd) and the lockdown period (from January 26th to February 9th) due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. During the lockdown period, the average total concentration of total quantified elements was 3475.0 ng/m3, which was 28% and 33% lower than that of the week and strong anthropogenic disturbance scenarios during the pre-lockdown period. The greatest reductions were found for the elements of chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn), consistent with the industrial structure of Baoji. The mass concentrations of most elements showed obvious reductions when the government post-alerted the industries to reduce the operations and production. Dust, traffic sources, combustion, non-ferrous metal processing, and Ti-related industrial processing that are the contributors of the elements in the pre-lockdown period were apportioned by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Substantial changes in the quantified elements' compositions and sources were found in the lockdown period. Health assessment was conducted and characterized by apportioned sources. The highest non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) was seen for Zn, demonstrating the high emissions from the related industrial activities. The concentration level of arsenic (As) exceeded the incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) in the lockdown period. This could be attributed to the traditional firework activities for the celebration of the Chinese New Year within the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianhong Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, College of Geography & Environment, Baoji University of Arts & Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, College of Geography & Environment, Baoji University of Arts & Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze-fog Pollution Prevention, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiao Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, College of Geography & Environment, Baoji University of Arts & Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, College of Geography & Environment, Baoji University of Arts & Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze-fog Pollution Prevention, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Lin CM, Huang TH, Chi MC, Guo SE, Lee CW, Hwang SL, Shi CS. N-acetylcysteine alleviates fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced lung injury by attenuation of ROS-mediated recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6C high monocytes and lung inflammation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113632. [PMID: 35594827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter (PM) may contribute to lung inflammation and injury. The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant, with regards to the prevention and treatment of fine PM (PM2.5)-induced lung injury is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of PM2.5 on the recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes into lung alveoli and the production of proinflammatory proteins by stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to investigate the therapeutic effect of NAC on PM2.5-induced lung injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a single administration of PM2.5 (200 μg/100 μl/mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) via intratracheal instillation. The mice were injected intratracheally via a microsprayer aerosolizer with NAC (20 or 40 mg/kg) 1 h before PM2.5 instillation and 24 h after PM2.5 instillation. Total protein, VEGF, IL-6, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite in BALF. Flow cytometric analysis was used to identify and quantify neutrophils and Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocyte subsets. RESULTS Neutrophil count, total protein, and VEGF content in BALF significantly increased after PM2.5 exposure and reached the highest level on day 2. Increased levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, nitrite, and MDA in BALF were also noted. Flow cytometric analysis showed increased recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh, but not Ly6Clow monocytes, into lung alveoli. Treatment with NAC via the intratracheal spray significantly attenuated the recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes into lung alveoli in PM2.5-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, NAC significantly attenuated the production of total protein, VEGF, nitrite, and MDA in the mice with PM2.5-induced lung injury in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION PM2.5-induced lung injury caused by the generation of oxidative stress led to the recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes, and production of inflammatory proteins. NAC treatment alleviated PM2.5-induced lung injury by attenuating the ROS-mediated recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes and lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Er Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lun Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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10
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Song L, Bi X, Zhang Z, Li L, Dai Q, Zhang W, Li H, Wang X, Liang D, Feng Y. Impact of sand and dust storms on the atmospheric environment and its source in Tianjin-China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153980. [PMID: 35217037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sand and dust storms (SDS) frequently hit northern China and adversely impact both environment and health. The carbonaceous components, inorganic elements, water-soluble ions, and meteorological parameters of several severe SDS episodes have been measured in a supersite in Tianjin, which is a big and representative city located in SDS transmission pathway in northern China. Six SDS episodes were identified in Spring, 2021. The maximum PM10 mass concentration was 2684 and 1664 μg/m3 in SDS1 and SDS3, respectively. North and northwest wind was dominant and significant differences were found in wind speed and RH between the SDS and non-SDS episodes. North dust from Inner Mongolia and Mongolia was determined by back trajectory analysis as the probable source region. The mass concentration of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ decreased in PM2.5. Increase of Na+ and K+ and low SO42-SDS/ SO42-non-SDS indicate dust source for short length SDS transmission in northern China. The ratio of elements could also be used to distinguish SDS and non-SDS episodes identify north and northwest source for the SDS episodes. Pb/Al, Zn/Al, and Si/Al could be regarded as indicators for SDS and non-SDS episodes, Ca/Al and Ca/Si can help to indicate SDS source direction. This study provides a variety of evidences for the dust source identification and reveals the characteristics of the most severe SDS episodes of the decade in Tianjin during Spring 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaohui Bi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qili Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuehan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Danni Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
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11
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Pan S, Qiu Y, Li M, Yang Z, Liang D. Recent Developments in the Determination of PM 2.5 Chemical Composition. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:819-823. [PMID: 35386005 PMCID: PMC8986018 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (named PM2.5) has become a prominent and dangerous form of air pollution. The chemical composition of PM2.5 mainly includes inorganic elements, water soluble ions, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and organic compounds. The detection method for inorganic elements mainly includes X ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As for water soluble ions, ion chromatography is the most common detection method. EC and OC are usually detected by carbon analyzer. The organic compounds are determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this paper, the merits and drawbacks of each analytical methods for the determination of PM2.5 chemical composition are summarized. This review also includes our discussion on the improvement of the analytical accuracy for the determination of PM2.5 chemical composition owing to the development of reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Pan
- Division of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yanting Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhenqi Yang
- Division of Ecology Environment and Energy Resources, Beijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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12
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Phairuang W, Inerb M, Hata M, Furuuchi M. Characteristics of trace elements bound to ambient nanoparticles (PM 0.1) and a health risk assessment in southern Thailand. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127986. [PMID: 34902726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient nanoparticles, or PM0.1 and thirteen trace elements (Al, Ba, K, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, Na, Mn, Mg, Ti, Pb, and Zn) were studied in Hat Yai, Thailand during the year 2018. The annual average PM0.1 mass concentration was 8.45 ± 1.93 µg/m3. The PM0.1 levels in Hat Yai were similar to those in large cities in South East Asia, such as Hanoi and North Sumatra, but lower than other cities in Thailand. The sum of thirteen trace elements was 207.83 ± 17.06 ng/m3 and was dominated by Na, Zn, K, Mg, and Al. The highest concentration of elements occurred in the pre-monsoon season followed by the dry and monsoon seasons. A principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PM0.1 comes from motor vehicles, crustal dust, industrial and biomass burning. The PM0.1 was dominated in the pre-monsoon season, suggesting that biomass burning from the southwest direction could cause an increase in the levels of Cr, Ti, and Ni. The total cancer risk from all the carcinogenic elements was 1.98 × 10-6 in adults, indicating that the carcinogenic risk is in a tolerable risk assessment range. The increasing levels of PM0.1 during transboundary haze pollution and local source emissions are a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worradorn Phairuang
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Muanfun Inerb
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Mitsuhiko Hata
- Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masami Furuuchi
- Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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13
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Shen M, Xu H, Liu S, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Zhou J, Chow JC, Watson JG, Cao J. Spatial distribution of PM 2.5-bound elements in eighteen cities over China: policy implication and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4771-4788. [PMID: 33978910 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 30 elements in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were measured in 18 Chinese cities in 2013. Elemental pollution in northern, southwest, and central China were severe, attributing to excessive coal and biomass combustion in these regions. The concentrations of S, Cl, and K in these areas were 8.21 ± 3.90, 4.03 ± 1.96, and 1.59 ± 0.613 μg/m3, respectively, which were 1.6-2.7 times higher than those in other regions of China. In addition, the industrial emissions in northeast and north China were large, leading to the elevated heavy metal concentration of 1.32 ± 1.17 μg/m3, especially Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Br. Soil dust was the highest in northwest China among the five regions with the concentration of crustal elements of 6.37 ± 4.51 μg/m3. Moreover, although the levels of elemental concentration in east and southeast China were relatively acceptable, regulators must pay attention to elevated level of V (0.009 ± 0.006 μg/m3) in these areas. Compared with 2003, several elements have deteriorated in some cities. For example, As increased by 70%, 18%, and 155% in Changchun, Beijing, and Jinchang, respectively. However, ~ 77% measured elements, e.g., Ti, Fe, and Pb markedly reduced in 2013, with reduction rates of 13-81%. These indicate that the government's policies related to particle-bound elements have shown certain positive environmental effects. For the health risks from the heavy metals in 2013, the non-cancer risks of As and Cd must not be neglected. The cancer risks of As and Pb were much higher than the international safety limit (10-4). More prominent health risks were found in southwest, central, and northwest China. Therefore, the government should accelerate the shift to cleaner energy in underdeveloped areas of China to obtain more environmental and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiamao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Judith C Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - John G Watson
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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14
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Begay J, Sanchez B, Wheeler A, Baldwin F, Lucas S, Herbert G, Ordonez Y, Shuey C, Klaver Z, Harkema JR, Wagner JG, Morishita M, Bleske B, Zychowski KE, Campen MJ. Assessment of particulate matter toxicity and physicochemistry at the Claim 28 uranium mine site in Blue Gap, AZ. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:31-48. [PMID: 33050837 PMCID: PMC7726040 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1830210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of abandoned uranium mines (AUMs) exist in the western United States. Due to improper remediation, windblown dusts generated from AUMs are of significant community concern. A mobile inhalation lab was sited near an AUM of high community concern ("Claim 28") with three primary objectives: to (1) determine the composition of the regional ambient particulate matter (PM), (2) assess meteorological characteristics (wind speed and direction), and (3) assess immunological and physiological responses of mice after exposures to concentrated ambient PM (or CAPs). C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE-/-) mice were exposed to CAPs in AirCARE1 located approximately 1 km to the SW of Claim 28, for 1 or 28 days for 4 hr/day at approximately 80 µg/m3 CAPs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis revealed a significant influx of neutrophils after a single-day exposure in C57BL/6 mice (average PM2.5 concentration = 68 µg/m3). Lungs from mice exposed for 1 day exhibited modest increases in Tnfa and Tgfb mRNA levels in the CAPs exposure group compared to filtered air (FA). Lungs from mice exposed for 28 days exhibited reduced Tgfb (C57BL/6) and Tnfa (ApoE-/-) mRNA levels. Wind direction was typically moving from SW to NE (away from the community) and, while detectable in all samples, uranium concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction were not markedly different from published-reported values. Overall, exposure to CAPs in the region of the Blue GAP Tachee's Claim-28 uranium mine demonstrated little evidence of overt pulmonary injury or inflammation or ambient air contamination attributed to uranium or vanadium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Begay
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bethany Sanchez
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abigail Wheeler
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Selita Lucas
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Guy Herbert
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yoselin Ordonez
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chris Shuey
- Southwest Research and Information Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Barry Bleske
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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15
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Siudek P. Seasonal variability of trace elements in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in a coastal city of northern Poland - profile analysis and source identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2230-2243. [PMID: 33029610 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A large group of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn) was measured for the first time in 226 air samples collected at a coastal monitoring station in Gdynia (northern Poland), in the period from January 12th to August 30th, 2019. The 24 h measurements included fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations, meteorological parameters and backward air mass trajectory analyses. The monthly mean PM2.5 mass concentration ranged from 17.3 μg m-3 to 55.0 μg m-3, and the peak value of 167 μg m-3 was found in February. Overall, considerable differences in the trace element concentrations were observed. However, their seasonal distributions were not similar. In particular, elements such as Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, V and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) in winter compared to spring or summer. The winter peak of trace element concentrations in PM2.5 indicated that local power plants and fossil fuel/coal combustion in the residential sector were the major anthropogenic sources of air pollutants. Based on multivariate analysis (PCA) of the standardized database (14 elements and PM2.5), a significant contribution of different sources and processes was identified, i.e. local traffic emission, local/regional coal/oil burning in power plants and domestic heating units, industrial activities, petrochemical industry and maritime transport. The Cu/Fe ratios revealed that both local traffic and brake-wear emission considerably influenced the chemical composition of PM2.5. In addition, the results of the V/Ni ratio suggested local mixed industrial sources (petrochemical refinery and industrial plants) with possible contributions from the port area and shipping activities to the total PM2.5 loadings. The local ship emission was more pronounced during the summer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Siudek
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kollataja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
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16
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Guo SE, Chi MC, Hwang SL, Lin CM, Lin YC. Effects of Particulate Matter Education on Self-Care Knowledge Regarding Air Pollution, Symptom Changes, and Indoor Air Quality among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4103. [PMID: 32526832 PMCID: PMC7312676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The burden of illness resulting from adverse environmental exposure is significant. Numerous studies have examined self-care behaviors among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but seldom assess these behaviors in relation to air pollution. The study aims to examine the effects of particulate matter (PM) education on prevention and self-care knowledge regarding air pollution, symptom changes, and indoor PM concentration levels among patients with COPD. A longitudinal, quasi-experimental design using a generalized estimating equation examined the effectiveness of the education intervention. Participants were 63 patients with COPD, of whom only 25 received intervention. Levels of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased in the first-month follow-up in the experimental group. Improvement of knowledge and prevention regarding PM in the first and third months were also greater in the experimental group compared to the control. Regarding the COPD assessment test and physical domain scores, the experimental group exhibited a greater improvement in the first-month follow-up. Scores on the psychological domain significantly changed in the sixth-month follow-up. The PM education coordinated by nurses improved the health of participants, maintaining six-month effects. Further studies should evaluate the practice barriers and effects of health education on preventive self-care behaviors regarding indoor PM among patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Er Guo
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lun Hwang
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333324, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613016, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Colledge of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333324, Taiwan
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17
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Research Progress of HP Characteristics, Hazards, Control Technologies, and Measures in China after 2013. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hazy weather (hazy weather (HW) has frequently invaded peoples’ lives in China, resulting in the disturbance of social operation, so it is urgent to resolve the haze pollution (HP) problem. A comprehensive understanding of HP is essential to further effectively alleviate or even eliminate it. In this study, HP characteristics in China, after 2013, were presented. It was found that the situation of HP is getting better year by year while it has been a pattern of high levels in the north and low levels in the south. In most regions of China, the contribution of a secondary source for HP is relatively large, and that of traffic is greater in the regions with rapid economic development. Hazards of HP were then summarized. Not only does HP cause harm to human health, but it also has effects on human production and quality of life, furthermore, property and atmospheric environment cannot be ignored. Next, the source and non-source control technologies of HP were first reviewed to recognize the weakness of HP control in China. This review provides more systematic information about HP problems and the future development directions of HP research were proposed to further effectively control HP in China.
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Canepari S, Astolfi ML, Catrambone M, Frasca D, Marcoccia M, Marcovecchio F, Massimi L, Rantica E, Perrino C. A combined chemical/size fractionation approach to study winter/summer variations, ageing and source strength of atmospheric particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:19-28. [PMID: 31302399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied the size distribution of ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO4=, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg++, Ca++) and elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn) during the winter and summer seasons of seven consecutive years (2008-2014) in an area of the Po Valley (Northern Italy) characterised by industrial, agricultural and urban settings. The study included the collection and analysis of 41 series of size-segregated samples (MOUDI sampler, 10 stages, cut sizes from 0.18 to 18 μm). Ions were analysed by ion chromatography; elemental analysis was carried out by ICP-MS, by applying a chemical fractionation method able to increase the selectivity of PM source tracers. Our results indicate that important winter/summer variations occurred in both the concentration and size distribution of most PM components. These variations were explained in terms of variations in the strength of the prevailing sources of each component. The contribution of biomass burning for domestic heating was highlighted by the well-known tracer K+ but also by the soluble fraction of Rb, Cs and Li. Biomass burning contribution to atmospheric PM was mostly contained in the fine fraction, with a broad size-distribution from 0.18 to 1.8 μm. This source also appreciably increased the concentration of other elements in fine PM (As, Cd, Co, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sn). A few PM components (tracers of sea-spray, brake lining and some industries) did not show marked seasonal variations in concentration and size distribution. However, during winter, for brake lining and industry tracers we observed an upward shift in the dimension of fine particles and a downward shift in the dimension of coarse particles, due to the ageing of the air masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - M L Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - M Catrambone
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St. (Rome), 00015, Italy
| | - D Frasca
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy; C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St. (Rome), 00015, Italy
| | - M Marcoccia
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - F Marcovecchio
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St. (Rome), 00015, Italy
| | - L Massimi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - E Rantica
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St. (Rome), 00015, Italy
| | - C Perrino
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St. (Rome), 00015, Italy
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