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Smith KE, Zhou M, Flis P, Jones DH, Bishopp A, Yant L. The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:997-1006. [PMID: 38307008 PMCID: PMC11089258 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a fundamental plant organ, the root. Loss of roots and reduction of vascular tissues in recently derived taxa occur in concert with genome expansions of ≤14-fold. Given the paired loss of roots and reduction in structural complexity in derived taxa, we focus on the evolution of the ionome (whole-plant elemental contents) in the context of these fundamental changes in body plan. We expect that progressive vestigiality and eventual loss of roots might have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences that are hitherto unknown. METHODS We quantified the ionomes of 34 accessions in 21 species across all duckweed genera, spanning 70 Myr in this rapidly cycling plant (doubling times are as rapid as ~24 h). We related both micro- and macroevolutionary ionome contrasts to body plan remodelling and showed nimble microevolutionary shifts in elemental accumulation and exclusion in novel accessions. KEY RESULTS We observed a robust directional trend in calcium and magnesium levels, decreasing from the ancestral representative Spirodela genus towards the derived rootless Wolffia, with the latter also accumulating cadmium. We also identified abundant within-species variation and hyperaccumulators of specific elements, with this extensive variation at the fine (as opposed to broad) scale. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the impact of root loss and reveal the very fine scale of microevolutionary variation in hyperaccumulation and exclusion of a wide range of elements. Broadly, they might point to trade-offs not well recognized in ionomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paulina Flis
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dylan H Jones
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Yang J, Zhao X, Wang X, Xia M, Ba S, Lim BL, Hou H. Biomonitoring of heavy metals and their phytoremediation by duckweeds: Advances and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118015. [PMID: 38141920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of water bodies severely threatens human and ecosystem health. There is growing interest in the use of duckweeds for HMs biomonitoring and phytoremediation due to their fast growth, low cultivation costs, and excellent HM uptake efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on duckweeds and their suitability for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation. Duckweeds have been used for phytotoxicity assays since the 1930s. Some toxicity tests based on duckweeds have been listed in international guidelines. Duckweeds have also been recognized for their ability to facilitate HM phytoremediation in aquatic environments. Large-scale screening of duckweed germplasm optimized for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation is still essential. We further discuss the morphological, physiological, and molecular effects of HMs on duckweeds. However, the existing data are clearly insufficient, especially in regard to dissection of the transcriptome, metabolome, proteome responses and molecular mechanisms of duckweeds under HM stresses. We also evaluate the influence of environmental factors, exogenous substances, duckweed community composition, and HM interactions on their HM sensitivity and HM accumulation, which need to be considered in practical application scenarios. Finally, we identify challenges and propose approaches for improving the effectiveness of duckweeds for bioremediation from the aspects of selection of duckweed strain, cultivation optimization, engineered duckweeds. We foresee great promise for duckweeds as phytoremediation agents, providing environmentally safe and economically efficient means for HM removal. However, the primary limiting issue is that so few researchers have recognized the outstanding advantages of duckweeds. We hope that this review can pique the interest and attention of more researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Manli Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Sang Ba
- Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Third Pole of the Earth, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China; Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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3
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Dainelli M, Castellani MB, Pignattelli S, Falsini S, Ristori S, Papini A, Colzi I, Coppi A, Gonnelli C. Growth, physiological parameters and DNA methylation in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid exposed to PET micro-nanoplastic contaminated waters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108403. [PMID: 38290343 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The effects of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs) were tested on the model freshwater species Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., with focus on possible particle-induced epigenetic effects (i.e. alteration of DNA methylation status). MNPs (size ∼ 200-300 nm) were produced as water dispersions from PET bottles through repeated cycles of homogenization and used to prepare N-medium at two environmentally relevant concentrations (∼0.05 g L-1 and ∼0.1 g L-1 of MNPs). After 10 days of exposure, a reduction in fresh and dry weight was observed in treated plants, even if the average specific growth rate for both frond number and area was not altered. Impaired growth was coupled with a MNP-induced decrease of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (i.e. ΨETo and Piabs, indicators of photochemical efficiency) and starch concentration, as well as with alterations in plant ionomic profile and oxidative status. The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used to assess possible changes in DNA methylation levels induced by plastic particles. The analysis showed unusual hypermethylation in 5'-CCGG sites that could be implicated in DNA protection from dangerous agents (i.e. reactive oxygen species) or in the formation of new epialleles. This work represents the first evidence of MNP-induced epigenetic modifications in the plant world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dainelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Castellani
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Falsini
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
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Oláh V, Irfan M, Szabó ZB, Sajtos Z, Ragyák ÁZ, Döncző B, Jansen MAK, Szabó S, Mészáros I. Species- and Metal-Specific Responses of the Ionome of Three Duckweed Species under Chromate and Nickel Treatments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:180. [PMID: 36616308 PMCID: PMC9824728 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, growth and ionomic responses of three duckweed species were analyzed, namely Lemna minor, Landoltia punctata, and Spirodela polyrhiza, were exposed for short-term periods to hexavalent chromium or nickel under laboratory conditions. It was found that different duckweed species had distinct ionomic patterns that can change considerably due to metal treatments. The results also show that, because of the stress-induced increase in leaf mass-to-area ratio, the studied species showed different order of metal uptake efficiency if plant area was used as unit of reference instead of the traditional dry weight-based approach. Furthermore, this study revealed that μXRF is applicable in mapping elemental distributions in duckweed fronds. By using this method, we found that within-frond and within-colony compartmentation of metallic ions were strongly metal- and in part species-specific. Analysis of duckweed ionomics is a valuable approach in exploring factors that affect bioaccumulation of trace pollutants by these plants. Apart from remediating industrial effluents, this aspect will gain relevance in food and feed safety when duckweed biomass is produced for nutritional purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Oláh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Barnáné Szabó
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófi Sajtos
- Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Zsófia Ragyák
- Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Döncző
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marcel A. K. Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, T23N73K Cork, Ireland
| | - Sándor Szabó
- Department of Biology, University of Nyiregyhaza, H-4401 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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5
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Pakdee O, Tshering S, Pokethitiyook P, Meetam M. Examination of the Metallothionein Gene Family in Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010125. [PMID: 36616254 PMCID: PMC9824710 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are aquatic plants that proliferate rapidly in a wide range of freshwaters, and they are regarded as a potential source of sustainable biomass for various applications and the cost-effective bioremediation of heavy metal pollutants. To understand the cellular and molecular basis that underlies the high metal tolerance and accumulation capacity of duckweeds, we examined the forms and transcript profiles of the metallothionein (MT) gene family in the model duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza, whose genome has been completely sequenced. Four S. polyrhiza MT-like genes were identified and annotated as SpMT2a, SpMT2b, SpMT3, and SpMT4. All except SpMT2b showed high sequence homology including the conserved cysteine residues with the previously described MTs from flowering plants. The S. polyrhiza genome appears to lack the root-specific Type 1 MT. The transcripts of SpMT2a, SpMT2b, and SpMT3 could be detected in the vegetative whole-plant tissues. The transcript abundance of SpMT2a was upregulated several-fold in response to cadmium stress, and the heterologous expression of SpMT2a conferred copper and cadmium tolerance to the metal-sensitive ∆cup1 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on these results, we proposed that SpMT2a may play an important role in the metal detoxification mechanism of duckweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orathai Pakdee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Shomo Tshering
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prayad Pokethitiyook
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Metha Meetam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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6
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Zocher AL, Klimpel F, Kraemer D, Bau M. Naturally grown duckweeds as quasi-hyperaccumulators of rare earth elements and yttrium in aquatic systems and the biounavailability of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155909. [PMID: 35577085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of rare earths and yttrium (REY) in high-technology products is accompanied by their increasing release into the environment. Concerns regarding the (eco-)toxicity and bioaccumulation of these emerging contaminants highlight the need for research on REY uptake by (aquatic) plants. Duckweeds are widespread macrophytes in lentic waters and receive increasing attention as a potential protein-rich food additive. We here provide a baseline dataset for the complete set of REY in naturally grown duckweed assemblages and ambient freshwater and coastal brackish seawater. Our results show that duckweeds strongly bioaccumulate REY and incorporate them at the μg/kg level (dry matter basis). Their shale-normalised (SN) REY patterns are mildly fractionated relative to upper continental crust, regardless of sampling location and season. In contrast, the patterns of ambient waters increase from light to heavy REY (LREY and HREY, resp.) and may show prominent positive anthropogenic GdSN anomalies due to the presence of Gd-based contrast agents (Gd-CAs) applied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lack of GdSN anomalies in the duckweed assemblages reveals discrimination against the uptake of Gd-CAs by the macrophytes, providing further evidence for the conservative behaviour of these xenobiotics in the environment. High REY concentrations and apparent bulk distribution coefficients between duckweeds and ambient waters of up to 105 show that duckweeds are quasi-hyperaccumulators of REY. Uptake of LREY is up to two orders of magnitude higher than of HREY, possibly due to stronger complexation of HREY with dissolved ligands. The REY closely correlate with Mn but not with Ca, suggesting that uptake of REY and Mn occurs via the same pathway and revealing the negligible role of calcium oxalates. Our study demonstrates that while duckweeds are quasi-hyperaccumulators of REY, there is currently no risk that anthropogenic Gd from MRI contrast agents may enter the food chain via consumption of duckweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Zocher
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Klimpel
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dennis Kraemer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Bau
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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7
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Wang X, Hu L, Wu D, Huang T, Zhang B, Cai G, Gao G, Liu Z, Huang X, Zhong Z. Large-scale screening and characterization of Cd accumulation and ultrastructural deformation in duckweed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154948. [PMID: 35367551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil, rivers and lakes is a serious problem due to the current industrialization and urbanization in China. Duckweeds are recognized as promising species for Cd phytoremediation. However, intraspecific variations in Cd accumulation in duckweeds remain largely unknown. In this study, 16 accessions selected from 39 geographically isolated duckweed strains were chosen to investigate their Cd remediation abilities. The optimal accession Landoltia punctata named 07SGZP01 (L. punctata 0701) was identified and shown to accumulate maximal Cd in the body while maintaining the highest biomass. The dominant variety treated with different Cd concentrations showed that the biomass of L. punctata 0701 was significantly lower than that of the control group (CK). Cd contents in L. punctata 0701 were substantially increased from 2511.1 to 30,641.01 mg kg-1 with an increase in Cd treatment levels from 0.3 to 20 mg L-1. The transport coefficient (TF) increased as Cd levels increased from 0.3 to 2 mg L-1. In addition, the Cd content in leaves was greater than that in roots (TF > 1) within this Cd concentration range, whereas the Cd content in roots was greater than that in leaves (TF < 1) when the concentration of the Cd treatment was greater than 5 mg L-1. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) decreased significantly with increasing Cd levels (P < 0.05). The rate of Cd removal in the solution gradually decreased with increasing Cd concentrations, and the removal rate achieved the highest value (75%) when the Cd concentration was 0.5 mg L-1. In addition, Cd treatment (2 mg L-1) not only damaged the ultrastructure of L. punctata 0701, as characterized by chloroplast deformation and cell vacuolation but also caused most of the stomata to close, and the leaf epidermal cells were damaged and ruptured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Wang
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China.
| | - Daishe Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Guanjun Cai
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guiqing Gao
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Zhanmeng Liu
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Xueping Huang
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
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8
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Chen Y, Li G, Yang J, Zhao X, Sun Z, Hou H. Role of Nramp transporter genes of Spirodela polyrhiza in cadmium accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112907. [PMID: 34673410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a pollutant, Cd causes severe impact to the environment and damages living organisms. It can be uptaken from the environment by the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) in plants. However, the ion absorption function of Nramp transporter genes in Spirodela polyrhiza has not been reported. In this study, SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 from S. polyrhiza were cloned and their functions were analyzed in S. polyrhiza and yeast. Growth parameters and physicochemical indices of wild-type and transgenic lines were measured under Cd stress. Results revealed that SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 were identified as plasma membrane-localized transporters, and their roles in transporting Cd were verified in yeast. In S. polyrhiza, SpNramp1 overexpression significantly increased the content of Cd, Fe, Mn, and fresh weight. SpNramp2 overexpression increased Mn and Cd. SpNramp3 overexpression increased Fe and Mn concentrations. These results indicate that SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 had a different preference for ion absorption. Two S. polyrhiza transgenic lines (OE1 and OE3) were obtained. One of them (OE1) showed a stronger accumulation ability, and the other one (OE3) exhibited tolerance capacity to Cd. This study provides new insight into the functions of SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 and obtains important enrichment lines (OE1) for manipulating Cd accumulation, phytoremediation, and ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China
| | - Zuoliang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Chen D, Zhang H, Wang Q, Shao M, Li X, Chen D, Zeng R, Song Y. Intraspecific variations in cadmium tolerance and phytoaccumulation in giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 395:122672. [PMID: 32305716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are widely recognized for the heavy metal phytoremediation. However, the intraspecific variations in biological responses of duckweeds to heavy metal remain largely unknown. Here, the toxicity and phytoaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) were synchronously evaluated in 30 accessions of giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) collected from different provenances in Southern China. Exposure to 1 μM Cd decreased relative growth rates of dry weight, fronds number and fronds area, as well as photosynthetic pigment contents, while it increased H2O2 accumulation, lipid peroxidation and activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in the majority of accessions. Cd treatment led to remarkable Cd accumulation but little changes in the starch content in giant duckweed. The biological responses to Cd varied among the accessions. Further correlation analysis indicated that growth traits and Cd concentration were positively correlated with Cd accumulation, while the contents of chlorophyll, H2O2 and MDA were negatively associated with Cd accumulation. Our results proved the great intraspecific variation in Cd tolerance of giant duckweed, suggesting a valuable natural resource for Cd phytoremediation. Moreover, different mechanisms may be exploited by S. polyrhiza for phytoaccumulation, but growth maintenance, Cd uptake and antioxidative enzyme-independent ROS-scavenging under Cd exposure are the common mechanisms contributing to Cd accumulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Min Shao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Sun Y, Gao P, Ding N, Zou X, Chen Y, Li T, Cuiting W, Xu X, Chen T, Ruan H. Feasible Green Strategy for the Quantitative Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Lemna minor: Application of the Self-Thinning Law. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:282-287. [PMID: 31858152 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the development of mathematical linear regression models to describe the relationships between mean plant biomass (M) and population density (D), M and frond diameter (L), frond numbers (N) and L of Lemna minor under different initial population densities (3200, 4450, and 6400 plants/m2), respectively, from the perspective of the self-thinning law. Our results revealed that the value of the allometric exponents for M and D were - 3/2. Further, the concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Ni accumulated in L. minor plants were 0.86, 0.32, 0.36, 0.62, and 0.39 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these developed equations and the heavy metal accumulations by L. minor, the phytoremediation capacity of L. minor was quantified via its frond diameters. Overall, the present study provides a cost-effective green method for managing the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peike Gao
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR, 00936-8377, USA
| | - Yiliang Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihua Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Cuiting
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Ziegler P, Sree KS, Appenroth KJ. Duckweed biomarkers for identifying toxic water contaminants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14797-14822. [PMID: 30397749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface or ground waters can be contaminated with numerous toxic substances. The duckweeds Lemna minor and Lemna gibba are widely used for assaying waterborne toxicity to higher plants in terms of growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment reduction. These tests cannot, however, in themselves determine the nature of the agents responsible for toxicity. Morphological, developmental, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of duckweeds to exposure to toxic water contaminants constitute biomarkers of toxic effect. In principle, the very detection of these biomarkers should enable the contaminants having elicited them (and being responsible for the toxicity) to be identified. However, in practice, this is severely compromised by insufficient specificity of biomarkers for their corresponding toxicants and by the lack of documentation of biomarker/toxin relationships. The present contribution illustrates the difficulties of using known water contaminant-related duckweed biomarkers to identify toxins, and discusses possibilities for achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ziegler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Kandregula Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, 671316, India
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Appenroth
- Matthias-Schleiden Institute, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Yang QW, Ke HM, Liu SJ, Zeng Q. Phytoremediation of Mn-contaminated paddy soil by two hyperaccumulators (Phytolacca americana and Polygonum hydropiper) aided with citric acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25933-25941. [PMID: 29961905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytoremediation potential of two hyperaccumulator plants, Phytolacca americana L. and Polygonum hydropiper L., on manganese-contaminated paddy soils. The biomass growth, Mn concentrations in plant tissues, and potential Mn removal efficiency from soils of these two plants were studied with citric acid, and the mechanisms of citric acid on these two plants were analyzed by examining the root activity, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves, as well as the concentrations of O2·- and H2O2 in leaves. The results showed that the biomass of these two plants were both promoted under low level of citric acid (3 mmol kg-1). The concentration of Mn in the plants and the amount of Mn removed from the soil by the plants through harvesting were enhanced at low and intermediate (10 mmol kg-1) citric acid application levels. The results also showed that root activity was enhanced at the low citric acid level and significantly inhibited under the intermediate and high levels (15 mmol kg-1), which indicates the facilitative function of the low level of citric acid and the inhibitive function of the high level of citric acid application on plant biomass growth. Under the low and intermediate levels of citric acid application, O2·- in the plant leaves increased sharply, and the SOD, POD, and CAT activities also increased sharply, which made the level of H2O2 very similar to that of the control, ensuring the health of the plants. At the high level of citric acid application, however, the O2·- continued to rise sharply, while the activity of the three antioxidant enzymes declined sharply, causing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide to be much higher than that in the control, thus endangering the plants. The present study shows the potential of P. hydropiper for use in the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with a relatively low level of manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Yang
- National Engineering-Technology Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua-Ming Ke
- National Engineering-Technology Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jiang Liu
- National Engineering-Technology Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Chongqing Zhongwang Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Consulting Co. LTD, Chongqing, 400015, People's Republic of China
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