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Lv S, Li Y, Zhao S, Shao Z. Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:593. [PMID: 38203764 PMCID: PMC10778777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to accumulated plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can be broken down into microplastics (<5 mm) by sunlight, machinery, and pressure. The accumulation of microplastics in organisms and the release of plastic additives can adversely affect the health of marine organisms. Biodegradation is one way to address plastic pollution in an environmentally friendly manner. Marine microorganisms can be more adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure compared with terrestrial microorganisms, providing new opportunities to address plastic pollution. Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Bacillota (Firmicutes), and Cyanobacteria were frequently found on plastic biofilms and may degrade plastics. Currently, diverse plastic-degrading bacteria are being isolated from marine environments such as offshore and deep oceanic waters, especially Pseudomonas spp. Bacillus spp. Alcanivoras spp. and Actinomycetes. Some marine fungi and algae have also been revealed as plastic degraders. In this review, we focused on the advances in plastic biodegradation by marine microorganisms and their enzymes (esterase, cutinase, laccase, etc.) involved in the process of biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) and highlighted the need to study plastic biodegradation in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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2
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Wu M, Al Mamun A, Yang Q, Gao J, Rahman MK, Al Shami SSA. Modeling the intention and donation of second-hand clothing in the context of an emerging economy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15106. [PMID: 37704693 PMCID: PMC10499903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The culture of fast fashion accelerates the consumption rate of individuals but at the expense of significant environmental stress. With a large amount of discarded clothing accumulating in landfills, it is crucial to encourage people to dispose of second-hand clothing (SHC) as sustainably as possible, especially in an emerging economy with large volume consumption. Through a survey of 619 respondents from China, this study explored the factors affecting people's intentions and actual donation behaviors toward SHC. It extends the theory of interpersonal behavior (TIB) with environmental factors to construct a research framework, which included cognitive factors (attitude towards sustainable consumption), social factors (sense of community) and personal factors (perceived hedonic benefit) under TIB and the environment factors refers to problem awareness and ascription responsibility. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that attitudes toward sustainable consumption, problem awareness, ascription of responsibility, sense of community, and perceived hedonic benefit significantly and positively influenced people's intentions and practices of SHC donation. This study will aid governments and relevant green environmental protection organizations in formulating more precise strategies for sustainable development, and promote relevant research on the sustainable disposal of SHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Wu
- UKM-Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- UKM-Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Qing Yang
- UKM-Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jingzu Gao
- UKM-Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Khalilur Rahman
- Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
- Angkasa-UMK Research Academy (AURA), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Sayed Samer Ali Al Shami
- Institute of Technology Management and Entrepreneurship, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhang J. Literature mapping of waste sorting and recycling behavior research: a visual analysis using CiteSpace. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67953-67973. [PMID: 37138128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As the severity of global waste pollution continues to escalate, governments are increasingly prioritizing the promotion of waste sorting. This study engaged in the literature mapping of waste sorting and recycling behavior research currently available on the Web of Science using CiteSpace. First, studies on waste sorting behavior have grown rapidly since 2017. The top three continents publishing on this topic were Asia, Europe, and North America. Second, the top journals, Resources Conservation and Recycling and Environment and Behavior, were important to this field. Third, analyses of waste sorting behavior were mainly conducted by environmental psychologists. Ajzen had the highest co-citation count, as the theory of planned behavior has widely been used in this field. Fourth, the top three co-occurring keywords were "attitude," "recycling behavior," and "planned behavior." There was also a recent focus on "food waste." The research trend was found to be refined and accurately quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Public Governance Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1Y5, Canada
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4
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Kang D, Anuja A, Ahmadian A, Manirathinam T, Shanmugam P, Narayanamoorthy S. Sustainable assessment of plastic and mixed waste disposal problem during COVID-19 pandemic: an integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37362972 PMCID: PMC10071227 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on India's inorganic solid waste disposal problem, with a particular emphasis on plastic and mixed waste. It aims to identify the current COVID-19 pandemic situation as well as provide a suitable disposal technique for wastes that are specifically related to municipal solid waste management. We propose an integrated approach to disposing of paper and plastic and mixed wastes in an interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy (IVq-ROF) environment for this problem. In this case, we use the FUCOM method to calculate the weight values of the criteria and the MABAC method to rank the alternatives based on the chosen criteria. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, a numerical illustration is provided, and validation of the suggested method is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekook Kang
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Institute of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Arumugam Anuja
- Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
| | - Ali Ahmadian
- Decisions Lab, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ponnan Shanmugam
- Department of Economics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
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5
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de Sousa FDB. Consumer Awareness of Plastic: an Overview of Different Research Areas. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37360378 PMCID: PMC10039692 DOI: 10.1007/s43615-023-00263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastic makes our society more practical and safer. It is hard to consider eliminating plastic in some sectors, such as the medical field. However, after use, plastic waste becomes a global problem without precedents, and when not properly disposed of, it can cause several socio-environmental problems. Some possible solutions are recycling, the circular economy, proper waste management, and consumer awareness. Consumers play a crucial role in preventing problems caused by plastic. In this work, consumer awareness of plastic is discussed according to the point of view of the research areas-environmental science, engineering, and materials science-based on the analysis of the main authors' keywords obtained in a literature search in the Scopus database. Bibliometrix analyzed the Scopus search results. The results showed that each area presents different concerns and priorities. The current scenario, including the main hotspots, trends, emerging topics, and deficiencies, was obtained. On the contrary, the concerns from the literature and those of the daily lives of consumers do not seem to fit in, which creates a gap. By reducing this gap, the distance between consumers awareness and their behavior will be smaller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa
- Technology Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, 96010-610 Pelotas, RS Brazil
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580 SP Santo André, Brazil
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6
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Yu Z, Khan SAR, Zia-Ul-Haq HM, Ma T, Sajid MJ. An evolutionary game analysis on price competition in recycling industry between large and small enterprises of China. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:337-349. [PMID: 36471529 PMCID: PMC9925903 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to analyse and understand recycling phenomena and competition between large-scale and small-scale enterprises under different public attention. It mainly emphasizes service-providing behaviours to the consumers in the recycling industry, where recyclers are struggling to enhance their profits. The government strives to protect the environment by promoting an efficient recycling industry. As fast-growing waste products, the recyclers should achieve the advantage of number and be equipped with service capability for the consumers. Thus, this study employs an evolutionary game model to analyse the competition for waste products acquisitions between large and small recyclers. Due to a significant association between the service and acquisition waste product price for the consumers and recycling quantity, there is a strong mutual influence between the acquisition price of waste products and the price strategy-taken rate of large and small recyclers. Results also reveal that the market acquisition price and processing cost play a crucial role in recyclers' decision-making on setting prices for acquiring waste products from consumers. Furthermore, it is also found that waste products acquisition price and recyclers' processing cost are the key factors that affect large and small recyclers' recycling quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yu
- School of Economics and Management,
Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Syed Abdul Rehman Khan
- School of Management and Engineering,
Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Management Sciences, ILMA
University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
- Faculty of Business, Economics, and
Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Tianshan Ma
- School of Economics and Management,
Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Sajid
- School of Management and Engineering,
Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
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7
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Ferronato N, Moresco L, Guisbert Lizarazu GE, Gorritty Portillo MA, Conti F, Torretta V. Comparison of environmental impacts related to municipal solid waste and construction and demolition waste management and recycling in a Latin American developing city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8548-8562. [PMID: 34677771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) and municipal solid waste (MSW) are the waste flows mostly generated at a global level. In developing countries, most of these waste streams are disposed of in open dumps. Policy-makers should be informed in which priorities should be established in order to improve the quality of the environment. The current research compares the environmental impacts generated by the MSW and CDW management system of La Paz (Bolivia). The aim is to evaluate (1) which environmental impact indicators are more important per waste flow and (2) if recycling can be considered a good option for mitigating such environmental footprint. A life cycle assessment (LCA) of the formal MSW management and the CDW mismanagement (i.e., open dumping) were conducted. The analysis of the management system (2019) is compared with future developments in recycling that counts with the support of an international cooperative project financed by the Italian cooperation. Results reported that, at a municipal level, CDW mismanagement contributes more than 60% to the freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, which represents the most relevant impact generated by this waste stream. Recycling allows achieving avoided impacts higher than the ones produced for three of six environmental impacts, suggesting MSW and CDW recovery as an important option for preventing environmental degradation. The research is the first attempt to highlight the importance of organizing appropriate CDW management systems into an integrated waste management scheme for mitigating environmental impacts in developing cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navarro Ferronato
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Conti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
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8
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Huang M, Law KMY, Geng S, Niu B, Kettunen P. Predictors of waste sorting and recycling behavioural intention among youths: Evidence from Shenzhen, China and Turku, Finland. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:721-735. [PMID: 34472410 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211036254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste sorting and recycling (WSAR) is a crucial issue for sustainable waste management. Growing up with new values, the younger generation has the responsibility to lead the society towards a sustainable future. The successful implementation of WSAR requires an in-depth understanding of the attitudes and obstacles of the youth participation. This study seeks to explore and compare the influencing factors of youth engagement in WSAR in Shenzhen, China and Turku, Finland by drawing on the theory of planned behaviour. Quantitative data was collected from 170 youth citizens in Shenzhen and 179 in Turku. Structural equation modelling results suggest that there is a clear consistency between the youth's intention and behaviour in both cities. Two reverse pyramids were constructed to prioritize the influencing factors based on their importance in the structural models. Subjective norms, knowledge and perceived behavioural control are key influencing factors in Shenzhen group while in Turku' s setting, compatibility acts as a top determinant whereas, subjective norms have the least influencing power. Results from Turku also reveal that lower compatibility does not necessarily hinder youth participation in WSAR practice. Several suggestions and implications on boosting youth participation in WSAR are drawn, based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojia Huang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kris M Y Law
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuang Geng
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Greater Bay International Institute for Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Greater Bay International Institute for Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pekka Kettunen
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Migration Institute of Finland, Turku, Finland
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9
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Consumer Perceptions of the Use of Nondegradable Plastic Packaging and Environmental Pollution: A Review of Theories and Empirical Literature. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm15060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studying people’s perceptions of their attitudes and behaviour toward the use and inappropriate disposal of plastics is necessary because it helps explain the meaning of sustainable environmental behaviour in the context of African countries. Formulating appropriate behavioural change interventions may lead to a shift in people’s behaviour in terms of plastic consumption if they become aware of the environmental risk of plastics. Using a qualitative review of literature, relevant materials for this paper were identified using a search strategy that involved keywords and databases. Previous empirical studies employed several theoretical frameworks. However, inconsistences in the use and definition of variables, make comparing the results of these studies difficult. Although the literature is growing, more empirical evidence is still needed to understand the drivers of people’s perceptions toward unsustainable environmental behaviour in the context of African countries and to formulate appropriate behavioural change interventions. A review of the literature determined four broad drivers of people’s perceptions toward unsustainable environmental behaviour. These include policy or institutional variables, product and market attributes, community variables, and individual characteristics. Additionally, we offer a consolidated conceptual framework for analysing consumer perception in relation to the use of nondegradable plastics and environmental pollution and identify the drivers of people’s perceptions. Policy implications for developing countries as well as future research directions are flagged.
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Mumtaz S, Chu AMY, Attiq S, Shah HJ, Wong WK. Habit-Does It Matter? Bringing Habit and Emotion into the Development of Consumer's Food Waste Reduction Behavior with the Lens of the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106312. [PMID: 35627848 PMCID: PMC9141669 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The immense food waste, generated by restaurants is not only a serious burden for the foodservice business but also a cause of anguish for the emerging nations in which eating out is becoming increasingly trendy. Consumers’ food wastes account for a significant portion of restaurant food waste, indicating the need for a change in consumers’ behavior to minimize food waste. To examine this problem, our study sought to identify the elements that influence restaurant consumers’ behaviors on food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. The influence of anticipated positive emotions, awareness of consequences, environmental knowledge, and social norms on waste reduction intentions were examined by using a quantitative technique in the investigation. Furthermore, the influence of habits, waste reduction intentions, and facilitating conditions on food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling behaviors have also been investigated. The study collected 1063 responses and employed the PLS-SEM approach to verify the hypotheses. The results suggested that anticipated positive emotions, awareness of consequences, environmental knowledge, and social norms all have substantial impacts on waste reduction intentions. In addition, habits, waste reduction intentions, and facilitating conditions have noteworthy influences on consumers’ behaviors towards food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling in restaurants. Understanding these elements could help in correcting customers’ waste behaviors in restaurants. The findings in this study are useful for managers, policymakers, and researchers who want to solve the problems of food waste. The implications, limits, and suggestions for further studies have also been discussed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia Mumtaz
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Amanda M. Y. Chu
- Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Saman Attiq
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Hassan Jalil Shah
- NUST School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Wing-Keung Wong
- Department of Finance, Fintech & Blockchain Research Center, and Big Data Research Center, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Economics and Finance, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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Barriers and Enablers to Food Waste Recycling: A Mixed Methods Study amongst UK Citizens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052729. [PMID: 35270421 PMCID: PMC8910430 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to identify influences on UK citizens’ household food waste recycling as a basis for designing strategies to increase household food waste collection rates via local services. Using a UK dataset (n = 1801) and the COM-B (Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behaviour) model as a theoretical framework, we conduct quantitative regression and supporting thematic analyses to investigate influences on citizens’ recycling of food waste. Results show that automatic motivation (e.g., emotions and habit) and psychological capability (e.g., knowledge) predict household food waste recycling. Physical opportunity (i.e., dealing with food waste in other ways such as home-composting or feeding pets/strays, time and financial costs) was the main barrier to recycling food waste identified in thematic analyses. Participants also reported automatic motivation-related barriers such as concerns over pests, odour, hygiene and local authorities’ food waste collection capabilities. Based on findings we recommend the development of clear, consistent communications aimed at creating positive social norms relating to recycling and increasing knowledge of what can and cannot be put in food waste bins. Improved functional design and free distribution of bins and compostable caddy liners developed according to user-centred needs for cleanliness, convenience and hygiene are also needed. These will not be sufficient without a nationally uniform, efficient and reliable system of household food waste collection.
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12
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Raimondo M, Hamam M, D'Amico M, Caracciolo F. Plastic-free behavior of millennials: An application of the theory of planned behavior on drinking choices. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:253-261. [PMID: 34911021 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the factors that influence millennials' intentions and behavior regarding reduced plastic consumption. An extended theory of planned behavior was established as a conceptual model that explicitly analyzed both the role of past and stated behaviors. The stated behavior was measured using a projective technique. The data obtained from a survey of 741 Italian respondents were analyzed through multiple correspondence analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results of the projective technique characterized "plastic-free" behavior as a unidimensional construct. Structural equation modeling showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence the intention of millennial consumers to reduce the use of plastic drinking bottles. The perceived behavioral control is the strongest predictor of intention (ß = 0.304; p < 0.001), followed by social norms (ß = 0.271; p < 0.001) and attitudes (ß = 0.130; p < 0.001). The past behavior construct positively and significantly affects attitude (ß = 0.165; p < 0.001), intention (ß = 0.231; p < 0.001), and stated behavior (ß = 0.073; p < 0.05) constructs. The latter is also positively predicted by intention (ß = 0.151; p < 0.001). Based on the results, actions and incentives for reducing plastic consumption were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raimondo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Manal Hamam
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98-100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mario D'Amico
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98-100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Caracciolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
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13
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Najmi A, Kanapathy K, Aziz AA. A pathway to involve consumers for exchanging electronic waste: a deep learning integration of structural equation modelling and artificial neural network. JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 2022; 24:410-424. [PMID: 35194399 PMCID: PMC8612117 DOI: 10.1007/s10163-021-01332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has disrupted every human life by putting the global activities at halt. In such a situation, people while staying at home tend to have an increased consumption which also leads to an increased level of waste generation. The case of electronic waste is also not different; however, it has severe repercussions while comparing it with other general household wastes. The application of reverse logistics by the manufacturers though serve the purpose but its success is highly dependent on the participation of the consumers. Hence, the present study is an attempt to gauge the level of participation of the consumers in the reverse exchange programs. Because of the predictability limitations of the typical Structural-Equation-Modelling models, the present study employs the deep learning of the dual-staged partial least squares-structural equation modelling artificial neural network approach. The findings of the study confirms the individual's attitude as the most significant determinant of the intention to exchange, followed by level of awareness and norms, whereas perceived behavior control was found to be least important though significant. Based on these findings, the manufacturers have been recommended to improve the consumers' involvement in reverse exchange programs, whereas government institutions are also recommended to encourage public-private partnerships in channelizing the product returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Najmi
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kanagi Kanapathy
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmin Azliza Aziz
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Ahmed J, Wong LP, Chua YP, Hydrie MZI, Channa N. Drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) situation in primary schools of Pakistan: the impact of WASH-related interventions and policy on children school performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1259-1277. [PMID: 34355319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals include the target of ensuring access to water and sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for all; however, very few studies have assessed comprehensive school WASH service in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to identify WASH services in primary schools of Pakistan, and to assess how recent WASH interventions and policies are associated with the school's academic performance. A representative cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Structured observations and interviews were done to ascertain the schools' WASH conditions. The primary exposures of interest were the implementation of previous WASH interventions and National WASH policy in the school and the WASH coverage. Outcomes of interest included WASH conditions and school performance. The structural equation modeling (SEM) using a bootstrap resampling procedure was employed to characterize how WASH exposures were associated with WASH conditions and school performance. Data were collected from 425 schools. The Basic WASH facilities coverage in the primary schools of Sindh remains overall low according to WHO WASH service ladder criteria. Also, inconsistency in all three inclusive domains of WASH (availability, accessibility, and functionality) facilities were found. The school performance was significantly associated (P<0.001) with the presence of WASH interventions and/or WASH policy, while WASH policy and/or recent WASH intervention at the school were not associated with overall water quality. Our assessment unveiled several WASH gaps that exist, including high heavy metal and fecal contamination. Adoption of national WASH policy and financing of evidence-based WASH interventions are recommended in primary schools to improve educational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmed
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yan Piaw Chua
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education ,University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (Ojha Campus), University Road, Near SUPARCO Chowk, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeebullah Channa
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan
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Attiq S, Chu AMY, Azam RI, Wong WK, Mumtaz S. Antecedents of Consumer Food Waste Reduction Behavior: Psychological and Financial Concerns through the Lens of the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312457. [PMID: 34886187 PMCID: PMC8657104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the role of consumers’ emotional, cognitive, and financial concerns in the development of food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling behavior among restaurant patrons. Food waste in restaurants is a major problem for the food service industry, and it is a growing source of concern in developing countries, where eating out is becoming increasingly popular. A large portion of restaurant food waste in these markets originates from the plates of customers, highlighting the importance of consumer behavior changes in reducing waste. The current study has used a quantitative approach to analyze the impact of anticipated negative emotion of guilt, awareness of consequences, habit, and financial concern on food waste reduction behaviors, i.e., reduce, reuse, and recycle. The study collected 492 responses and data is analyzed for hypotheses testing through Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling. The findings showed that anticipated negative emotions of guilt, awareness of consequences, habit, and financial concern have a significant impact on restaurants’ consumer food waste reduction behaviors. Managers, policymakers, and researchers interested in resolving the food waste problem will find the study useful. Other topics discussed include the implications and limitations as well as possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Attiq
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Amanda M. Y. Chu
- Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong;
| | - Rauf I. Azam
- Punjab University of Technology Rasul, Punjab 50380, Pakistan;
| | - Wing-Keung Wong
- Department of Finance, Fintech & Blockchain Research Center, and Big Data Research Center, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Economics and Finance, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Correspondence:
| | - Sumia Mumtaz
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (S.M.)
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Valenzuela J, Alfaro M, Fuertes G, Vargas M, Sáez-Navarrete C. Reverse logistics models for the collection of plastic waste: A literature review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:1116-1134. [PMID: 34098824 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211003948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To support the understanding of recycling models applied to plastics, the main objective of this work is to offer a literature review of the different reverse logistics (RL) models for collecting plastic waste (PW). The methodology used for processing the scientific literature was content analysis, using the google scholar search engine. The main keywords used were RL and PW. This article is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the development of circular economy models and RL networks and raises the conceptual framework of the research, and the second part presents mathematical models and exploratory studies, proposed as a solution for RL problems of PW. Articles published between years 2014 and 2019 were reviewed. In total, 102 references were used, 70 of them are part of the literature review. According to our findings, we can state that the most widely used solution method for mathematical modeling is mixed-integer linear programming, and for exploratory studies, it was evaluations. About 93% of studies evaluated raw materials related to PW; only 13% of studies had models with stochastic processes; and 88% of the investigations used continuous variables, being the multiobjective functions one of the most used to provide solutions to RL problems. Regarding the mathematical models, 49% were evaluations, 9% corresponded to multicriteria analysis, 29% to linear and nonlinear programming, and 4% to another type of evaluation or model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Valenzuela
- Facultad de ingeniera, departamento de química y bioprocesos, pontificia universidad católica de chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Alfaro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Fuertes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Vargas
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Sáez-Navarrete
- Facultad de ingeniera, departamento de química y bioprocesos, pontificia universidad católica de chile, Santiago, Chile
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Attiq S, Chau KY, Bashir S, Habib MD, Azam RI, Wong WK. Sustainability of Household Food Waste Reduction: A Fresh Insight on Youth's Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7013. [PMID: 34209149 PMCID: PMC8293733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The sustainability of food waste is one of the most important contemporary economic, social, and environmental issues that encompasses useful academic, practical, and policymaking implications. Under the domain of sustainability, food waste is a serious global challenge with a growing public, political, and corporate concern. Existing literature regarding the sensitization of consumers and the promotion of waste cautious behaviors still has much room for improvement in household waste. To bridge the gap in the literature, this study identifies and examines determinants of young consumers' food waste reduction behavior in households. Using a sample size of 391 young consumers of household food products from Pakistan, a full-scaled administrative survey is conducted, and our hypotheses are empirically tested by using the PLS structural modeling equation. Our findings reveal significant impacts from both cognitive and emotional aspects on sustainable food waste reduction behavior. Our results have several important implications for policymakers and all the stakeholders, especially for marketers, including advertising strategies, policies to mitigate the impact of food waste, and the development of educational programs related to food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Attiq
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Ka Yin Chau
- Faculty of Business, City University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Business Studies Department, Namal Institute, Mianwali 42250, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Danish Habib
- Department of Business Administration, Air University Islamabad, Aerospace and Aviation Campus Kamra, Attock 43350, Pakistan;
| | - Rauf I. Azam
- Punjab University of Technology Rasul, Mandi Bahauddin 50380, Pakistan;
| | - Wing-Keung Wong
- Department of Finance, Fintech & Blockchain Research Center, and Big Data Research Center, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Economics and Finance, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hang Shin Link, Siu Lek Yuen 41354, Hong Kong, China
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Najmi A, Kanapathy K, Aziz AA. Understanding consumer participation in managing ICT waste: Findings from two-staged Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Network approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14782-14796. [PMID: 33219501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For environmental management, the role of consumers is extremely important in the settings of reverse logistics. Though it is a manufacturer's extended responsibility to handle the waste however by becoming the supplier of the end of life products, consumers' participation needed to be encouraged and hence require proper attention. For the said purpose, the present study is conducted whereby crucial determinants of consumer reversing behavior were identified and analyzed by the help of a unique two-staged methodology of partial least square-structural equation modeling and artificial neural network. The data comprised of 746 collected by the survey from ICT users whereby the findings reported to have significant relationships of return intention and reversing behavior with their determinants. Moreover, the aforementioned unique methodology helps in generating more robust results as findings from ANN reported to have moral norm as most important variable which according to PLS-SEM was second most significant construct, whereas attitude was found to be second most important as per ANN which according to PLS-SEM is the most significant construct. Nevertheless, the study offers insights which contributes in the literature of environmental management, reverse logistics, and consumer behavior. Lastly, based on the findings, the managerial implications and recommendations are accordingly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Najmi
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kanagi Kanapathy
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmin Azliza Aziz
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zano S, Rubab ZE, Baig S, Shahid MA, Ahmad F, Iqbal F. Association of the JAZF1 Variant in Adults With a Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Pakistan. Cureus 2020; 12:e11930. [PMID: 33425511 PMCID: PMC7785483 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic multifactorial condition and quickly growing disease in Pakistan. Many genes together with Zinc finger protein 1 (JAZF1) have already been described earlier in the literature but the role of JAZF1 in this subset of the population is yet to define. This study was aimed at identifying JAZF1 polymorphism and the risk of developing T2DM in persons with a parental history of T2DM in the Pakistani population. Methods DNA samples from 75 non-diabetic Pakistani participants with a family history of T2DM and 75 controls were evaluated by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results The alleles AA and AG and the GG genotype of JAZF1 (rs864745) varied considerably in frequency distribution between cases and control (p<0.05). The GG was independently and significantly associated with cases who had a family history of T2DM [odds ratio (OR) 2.6 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.3-5.1); p=0.005] while the AA allele was significantly associated with controls without a family history of T2DM [odds ratio (OR) 0.39 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.2-0.7); p=0.0059] and the allele AG has no significance and was equally distributed among control and cases with p-value=1.000. Conclusion Genotype GG of the JAZF1 variant was found significantly associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Pakistani subset of the population.
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Khan O, Daddi T, Slabbinck H, Kleinhans K, Vazquez-Brust D, De Meester S. Assessing the determinants of intentions and behaviors of organizations towards a circular economy for plastics. RESOURCES, CONSERVATION, AND RECYCLING 2020; 163:105069. [PMID: 32834488 PMCID: PMC7395241 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The production and consumption of plastics, although inevitable in our modern life, are predominantly unsustainable and inefficient. Hence, the concept of a circular economy for plastics has been proposed as a sustainable approach to thrive both economy and our modern life. To implement a circular economy for plastics, an understanding of both individuals' and organizations' behaviors is needed since psychological effects often undermine technical solutions. We particularly focus on organizations' behaviors since commercial plastic waste has not been thoroughly investigated compared to household plastic waste. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we assess the determinants of intentions and behaviors of 637 organizations in Belgium towards a circular economy for plastics. Our PLS-SEM analysis support that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of decision makers positively influence organizations' intentions to implement best practices of plastic recycling. Furthermore, organizations' intentions, perceived behavioral control, pressures, and enablers positively, whereas barriers negatively, influence organizations' behaviors. Our study shows that most organizations have positive intentions, yet they seem to be failing in implementing best practices of plastic recycling due to some critical barriers. To overcome this intention-behavior gap and to attain a circular economy for plastics, our study suggests some measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Khan
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, block B, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- EMbeDS - Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiberio Daddi
- EMbeDS - Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Hendrik Slabbinck
- Department of Marketing, Innovation, and Organization, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kerstin Kleinhans
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, block B, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Vazquez-Brust
- Portsmouth Business School, University of Portsmouth, Richmond Building, Portland Street, Portsmouth, P01 3DE, United Kingdom
| | - Steven De Meester
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, block B, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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An Integrated Measurement of the Efficiency of China’s Industrial Circular Economy and Associated Influencing Factors. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8091610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, the notion of a circular economy has been developing globally; countries all over the world have been considering the development of a circular economy as an important means of achieving sustainable development. As the development of an industrial circular economy can help promote the efficient recycling of resources, it is an important starting point for industrial transformation and upgrading, and represents a key factor that will lead to the development of a circular economy in China. China’s varying provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) have successively implemented circular economy practices in the industrial field. The research object of the present study is 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the control of central government (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Tibet were not included owing to lack of data). Through the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) technology and the spatial analysis model, data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, and Tobit regression model, a measure model and index system are constructed, in order to carry out a multi-angle comprehensive study integrating the efficiency evaluation, spatial analysis, and influencing factors analysis of China’s industrial circular economy. It is an important innovation, and an important contribution to the existing research system. The conclusions are as follows: (1) In general, the overall level of China’s industrial circular economy’s efficiency was not high, and there was still a lot of room for improvement. The integrated efficiency of the industrial circular economy in the eastern region was relatively high, followed by that in the western region, and the lowest level in the middle region. (2) The efficiency of China’s industrial circular economy displayed obvious spatial aggregation characteristics at the provincial level, including clear spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. High-value aggregation areas were mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas, and low-value aggregation areas were concentrated and contiguously distributed in the middle and western inland areas. (3) The four elements of economic level, openness to the outside, government regulation, and industrialization aggregation each impose a significant positive impact on the efficiency of China’s industrial circular economy, which can promote its efficiency. The level of industrialization exerts a significant negative impact on the efficiency of the industrial circular economy, which hampers its improvement. The impact of technological innovation on the efficiency of the industrial circular economy is not statistically significant.
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Analyzing the impact of environmental collaboration among supply chain stakeholders on a firm’s sustainable performance. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12063-020-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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