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Lencioni V, Rizzi C, Gobbi M, Mustoni A, Villa S. Glacier foreland insect uptake synthetic compounds: an emerging environmental concern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113859-113873. [PMID: 37855959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides, synthetic fragrances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated two glacier-fed streams (Amola, Mandrone) and one spring (Grostè) in the Italian Alps. Ten compounds (chlorpyrifos (CPY), chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPY-m), galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phen), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Fl), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA)) accumulated in aquatic larvae of chironomids (Diamesa steinboecki, D. latitarsis, D. bertrami, D. tonsa, D. zernyi, Pseudokiefferiella parva, Orthocladiinae) and tipulids. Their tissue concentrations (detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) ranged from 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/g d.w. (= dry weight) (CPY-m in D. tonsa from Amola) to 68.0 ± 9.1 ng/g d.w. (Pyr in D. steinboecki from Mandrone). HHCB, AHTN, and CPY, with one exception, were accumulated by all aquatic insects. Six compounds (CPY, CPY-m, HHCB, AHTN, Fl, Pyr) also contaminated carabids (Nebria germarii, N. castanea, N. jockischii) predating adults of merolimnic insects. Their tissue concentrations ranged from 1.1 ± 0.3 ng/g d.w. (CPY-m in N. germarii from Mandrone) to 84.6 ± 0.3 ng/g d.w. (HHCB in N. castanea from Grostè). HHCB and AHTN were accumulated by all Nebria species. Intersite and interspecies differences were observed, which might be attributed to different environmental contamination levels. There was a stronger similarity between species from the same site than among the same species from different sites, suggesting that uptake is not species specific. At all sites, the concentration of xenobiotics was higher in larvae than in water and comparable or higher in carabids than in larvae from the same site, suggesting trophic transfer by emerging aquatic insects to their riparian predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lencioni
- Climate and Ecology Unit, Research and Museum Collections Office, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Rizzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- Climate and Ecology Unit, Research and Museum Collections Office, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Mustoni
- Adamello Brenta Natural Park, Via Nazionale, 24, 38080, Strembo (Trento), Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Molina G, Laino A, Arrighetti F, Lacava M, Romero S, Mijailovsky S, Garcia CF. Effect of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Behavioral and Metabolic Aspects of the Spider Polybetes pythagoricus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1293-1308. [PMID: 36919993 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of pesticides to organisms depends on the total amount of chemical exposure. Toxicity can be minimized if the organism recognizes the pesticide and alters its behavior. Furthermore, the physical barrier of cuticular hydrocarbons can prevent the entrance of the pesticide into the organism. Finally, if the pesticide enters the body, the organism experiences physiological changes favoring detoxification and the maintenance of homeostasis. We analyzed the behavioral and metabolic response of the spider Polybetes pythagoricus at different times of exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. First we observed that the individuals are capable of recognizing and avoiding surfaces treated with pesticides based on a behavioral analysis. Subsequently, we characterized cuticular hydrocarbons as a possible barrier against pesticides. Then we observed that the pesticide provoked histological damage, mainly at the level of the midgut diverticula. Finally, we analyzed the activity of several of the spider's enzymes linked to oxidative stress after exposure to chlorpyrifos for different lengths of time (6, 24, and 48 h). We observed that catalase activity was high at the start, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase changed significantly at 48 h. Lipid peroxidation became high at 6 h, but decreased at 48 h. In conclusion, although P. pythagoricus can avoid contact with chlorpyrifos, this pesticide causes activation of the antioxidant system when it enters the body. Our results make a significant contribution to the ecotoxicology of spiders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1-16. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner,", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner,", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Consejo National de Investigaciones Cientificas y Téchnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariangeles Lacava
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de La República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Sofia Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner,", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio Mijailovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner,", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner,", La Plata, Argentina
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Khatib I, Rychter P, Falfushynska H. Pesticide Pollution: Detrimental Outcomes and Possible Mechanisms of Fish Exposure to Common Organophosphates and Triazines. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:236-265. [PMID: 36135714 PMCID: PMC9500960 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are well known for their high levels of persistence and ubiquity in the environment, and because of their capacity to bioaccumulate and disrupt the food chain, they pose a risk to animals and humans. With a focus on organophosphate and triazine pesticides, the present review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, and mode of action of frequently used pesticides. We discuss the processes by which pesticides and their active residues are accumulated and bioconcentrated in fish, as well as the toxic mechanisms involved, including biological redox activity, immunotoxicity, neuroendocrine disorders, and cytotoxicity, which is manifested in oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis/autophagy. We also explore potential research strategies to close the gaps in our understanding of the toxicity and environmental risk assessment of organophosphate and triazine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Khatib
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Nanoplastics: Status and Knowledge Gaps in the Finalization of Environmental Risk Assessments. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050270. [PMID: 35622683 PMCID: PMC9147381 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are particles ranging in size between 1 and 1000 nm, and they are a form of environmental contaminant of great ecotoxicological concern. Although NPs are widespread across ecosystems, they have only recently garnered growing attention from both the scientific community and regulatory bodies. The present study reviews scientific literature related to the exposure and effects of NPs and identifies research gaps that impede the finalization of related environmental risk assessments (ERAs). Approximately 80 articles published between 2012 and 2021 were considered. Very few studies (eight articles) focused on the presence of NPs in biotic matrices, whereas the majority of the studies (62 articles) assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of NPs on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Whilst many studies focused on nude NPs, only a few considered their association with different aggregates. Amongst NPs, the effects of polystyrene are the most extensively reported to date. Moreover, the effects of NPs on aquatic organisms are better characterized than those on terrestrial organisms. NP concentrations detected in water were close to or even higher than the sublethal levels for organisms. An ERA framework specifically tailored to NPs is proposed.
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Wastewater effluent affects behaviour and metabolomic endpoints in damselfly larvae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6830. [PMID: 35474093 PMCID: PMC9042914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluents have been identified as a major contributor to increasing anthropogenic pollution in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about the potentially adverse effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent on aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we assessed effects of wastewater effluent on the behaviour and metabolic profiles of damselfly larvae (Coenagrion hastulatum), a common aquatic invertebrate species. Four key behavioural traits: activity, boldness, escape response, and foraging (traits all linked tightly to individual fitness) were studied in larvae before and after one week of exposure to a range of effluent dilutions (0, 50, 75, 100%). Effluent exposure reduced activity and foraging, but generated faster escape response. Metabolomic analyses via targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry methods revealed that exposure caused significant changes to 14 individual compounds (4 amino acids, 3 carnitines, 3 lysolipids, 1 peptide, 2 sugar acids, 1 sugar). Taken together, these compound changes indicate an increase in protein metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings illustrate that wastewater effluent can affect both behavioural and physiological traits of aquatic invertebrates, and as such might pose an even greater threat to aquatic ecosystems than previously assumed. More long-term studies are now needed evaluate if these changes are linked to adverse effects on fitness. The combination of behavioural and metabolomic assessments provide a promising tool for detecting effects of wastewater effluent, on multiple biological levels of organisation, in aquatic ecosystems.
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Pescatore T, Di Nica V, Finizio A, Ademollo N, Spataro F, Rauseo J, Patrolecco L. Sub-lethal effects of soil multiple contamination on the avoidance behaviour of Eisenia fetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112861. [PMID: 34628156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural ecosystems are frequently exposed to complex mixtures of different chemicals. However, the environmental risk assessment is mainly based on data from individual substances. In this study, the individual and combined effects on the terrestrial earthworm E. fetida exposed to the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) and the pesticides chlorpyrifos (CPF) and imidacloprid (IMI) were investigated, by using the avoidance behaviour as endpoint. Earthworms were exposed to a soil artificially contaminated with five sub-lethal concentrations of each contaminant, both as single substances and in combination of binary and ternary mixtures. Overall results showed that IMI provoked the highest avoidance effect on earthworms, with a concentration value that induced an avoidance rate of 50% of treated organisms (AC50) of 1.30 mg/kg, followed by CPF (AC50 75.26 mg/kg) and SLES (AC50 139.67 mg/kg). The application of the Combination Index (CI) method, indicated that a deviation from the additive response occurred for most of the tested chemical mixtures, leading to synergistic or antagonistic avoidance responses. Synergistic effects were produced by the exposure to the two lowest concentrations of the CPF+IMI mixture, and by the highest concentrations of SLES+CPF and SLES+CPF+IMI mixtures. On the contrary, antagonistic effects were observed at the lowest concentrations of the binary mixtures containing the SLES and at almost all the tested concentrations of the SLES+CPF+IMI mixture (with the exception of the highest tested concentration). These results show that the avoidance test is suitable to assess the detrimental effects exerted on earthworms by chemical mixtures in soil ecosystems and the use of behavioural endpoints can increase the ecological significance of environmental risk assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanita Pescatore
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Science (DEB-Tuscia University), Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Nica
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Finizio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ademollo
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spataro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jasmin Rauseo
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Patrolecco
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
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Muñiz-González AB, Paoli F, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Lencioni V. Molecular biomarkers as tool for early warning by chlorpyrifos exposure on Alpine chironomids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118061. [PMID: 34523523 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides used in agriculture can be transported at a medium-high distance due to the drift effect, reaching even remote areas as mountain regions, glaciers, and snow cover. With the melting process, pesticides enter freshwater glacier ecosystems, becoming a threat to wildlife fauna, mainly dominated by Diptera Chironomidae. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), as one of the most commonly used pesticides in alpine vineyards and apple orchards, is frequently detected in icemelt waters. We selected as target species, larvae of the cold stenothermal chironomid Diamesa zernyi, collected in two glacier-fed streams (Presena and Amola) in the Italian Alps. Firstly, a de novo transcriptome was obtained, and secondly, a gene array was designed to study the molecular response of a wild population of D. zernyi exposed to three sub-lethal CPF concentrations corresponding to 1/100 LC10 (0.011 μg/L), 1/10 LC10 (0.11 μg/L), and LC10 (1.1 μg/L), for 24 h. The sub-organismal response was evaluated by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), employing 40 genes related to essential metabolic routes as future candidates for biomarkers in wildlife chironomids. After 24 h, the endocrine system (E75, E93, EcR, and Met), detoxification response (GSTO3, GSTS1), and stress response (hsp75, hsp83, HYOU1) were altered. CPF seems to act as an endocrine disruptor and could lead to defective larval development, disrupted cellular homeostasis through heat shock proteins (HSPs) alteration (defective protein folding and mitochondrial functions), as well as oxidative damage (confirmed by increased GST expression). For the first time, molecular studies detected early alarm signals in wildlife in glacier environments. Our findings confirm the high environmental risk of CPF affecting aquatic insect metabolism and raise the level of concern about this pesticide in high altitude water bodies, generally considered pristine. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the incipient need to use non-model organisms for the evaluation of natural ecosystems. We also highlight the demand for research into new molecular biomarkers, and the importance of including molecular approaches in toxicology evaluations to detect the early adverse effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Biology and Toxicology Group, Dept. Physics, Mathematics and Fluids, UNED. Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesca Paoli
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, I-38122, Trento, Italy
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Biology and Toxicology Group, Dept. Physics, Mathematics and Fluids, UNED. Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Lencioni
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, I-38122, Trento, Italy
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Kanabar M, Bauer S, Ezedum ZM, Dwyer IP, Moore WS, Rodriguez G, Mall A, Littleton AT, Yudell M, Kanabar J, Tucker WJ, Daniels ER, Iqbal M, Khan H, Mirza A, Yu JC, O'Neal M, Volkenborn N, Pochron ST. Roundup negatively impacts the behavior and nerve function of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6. [PMID: 33635453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup formulations. Glyphosate-based herbicides are used globally in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and in urban settings. Glyphosate can persist for years in our soil, potentially impacting the soil-dwelling arthropods that are primary drivers of a suite of ecosystem services. Furthermore, although glyphosate is not generally classified as neurotoxic to insects, evidence suggests that it may cause nerve damage in other organisms. In a series of experiments, we used food to deliver environmentally realistic amounts of Roundup ready-to-use III, a common 2% glyphosate-based herbicide formulation that lists isopropylamine salt as its active ingredient, to Madagascar hissing cockroaches. We then assessed the impact of contamination on body mass, nerve health, and behavior. Contaminated food contained both 30.6 mg glyphosate and so-called inert ingredients. Food was refreshed weekly for 26-60 days, depending on the experiment. We found that consumption of contaminated food did not impact adult and juvenile survivorship or body weight. However, consumption of contaminated food decreased ventral nerve cord action-potential velocity by 32%, caused a 29% increase in respiration rate, and caused a 74.4% decrease in time spent on a motorized exercise wheel. Such changes in behavior may make cockroaches less capable of fulfilling their ecological service, such as pollinating or decomposing litter. Furthermore, their lack of coordination may make them more susceptible to predation, putting their population at risk. Given the decline of terrestrial insect abundance, understanding common risks to terrestrial insect populations has never been more critical. Results from our experiments add to the growing body of literature suggesting that this popular herbicide can act as a neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kanabar
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Samuel Bauer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Zimuzo M Ezedum
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ian P Dwyer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - William S Moore
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Gabriella Rodriguez
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Aditya Mall
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Anne T Littleton
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | | | - Wade J Tucker
- Miller Place High School, Miller Place, NY, 11764, USA
| | - Emily R Daniels
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Mohima Iqbal
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Hira Khan
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ashra Mirza
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Joshua C Yu
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Marvin O'Neal
- Department of Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- Marine Sciences Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Sharon T Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA.
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Bai Y, Henry J, Campana O, Wlodkowic D. Emerging prospects of integrated bioanalytical systems in neuro-behavioral toxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143922. [PMID: 33302078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity effects of industrial contaminants are currently significantly under investigated and require innovative analytical approaches to assess health and environmental risks at individual, population and ecosystem levels. Behavioral changes assessed using small aquatic invertebrates as standard biological indicators of the aggregate toxic effects, have been broadly postulated as highly integrative indicators of neurotoxicity with physiological and ecological relevance. Despite recent increase in understanding of the emerging value of behavioral biotests, their wider implementation especially in high-throughput environmental risk assessment assays, is largely limited by the lack of advances in analytical technologies. To date, most of the behavioral biotests have only been performed with larger-volumes and lacked dynamic flow-through conditions. They also lack features necessary for development of higher throughput neuro-behavioral ecotoxicity assays such as miniaturization and integration of automated components. We postulate that some contemporary analytical limitations can be effectively addressed by innovative Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) technologies, an emerging and multidisciplinary field poised to bring significant miniaturization to aquatic ecotoxicity testing. Recent developments in this emerging field demonstrate particular opportunities to study a plethora of behavioral responses of small model organisms in a high-throughput fashion. In this review, we highlight recent advances in this budding new interdisciplinary field of research. We also outline the existing challenges, barriers to development and provide a future outlook in the evolving field of neurobehavioral ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Bai
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Henry
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Anderson JC, Marteinson SC, Prosser RS. Prioritization of Pesticides for Assessment of Risk to Aquatic Ecosystems in Canada and Identification of Knowledge Gaps. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:171-231. [PMID: 34625837 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can enter aquatic environments via direct application, via overspray or drift during application, or by runoff or leaching from fields during rain events, where they can have unintended effects on non-target aquatic biota. As such, Fisheries and Oceans Canada identified a need to prioritize current-use pesticides based on potential risks towards fish, their prey species, and habitats in Canada. A literature review was conducted to: (1) Identify current-use pesticides of concern for Canadian marine and freshwater environments based on use and environmental presence in Canada, (2) Outline current knowledge on the biological effects of the pesticides of concern, and (3) Identify general data gaps specific to biological effects of pesticides on aquatic species. Prioritization was based upon recent sales data, measured concentrations in Canadian aquatic environments between 2000 and 2020, and inherent toxicity as represented by aquatic guideline values. Prioritization identified 55 pesticides for further research nationally. Based on rank, a sub-group of seven were chosen as the top-priority pesticides, including three herbicides (atrazine, diquat, and S-metolachlor), three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, and permethrin), and one fungicide (chlorothalonil). A number of knowledge gaps became apparent through this process, including gaps in our understanding of sub-lethal toxicity, environmental fate, species sensitivity distributions, and/or surface water concentrations for each of the active ingredients reviewed. More generally, we identified a need for more baseline fish and fish habitat data, ongoing environmental monitoring, development of marine and sediment-toxicity benchmarks, improved study design including sufficiently low method detection limits, and collaboration around accessible data reporting and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C Marteinson
- National Contaminants Advisory Group, Ecosystems and Oceans Science Sector, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Libralato G, Freitas R, Buttino I, Arukwe A, Della Torre C. Special issue on challenges in emerging environmental contaminants CEEC19. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30903-30906. [PMID: 32557030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Section of ecological risk assessment in marine coastal areas, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Livorno, Italy
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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