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Guo B, Li T, Wang L, Liu F, Chen B. Long non-coding RNAs regulate heavy metal-induced apoptosis in embryo-derived cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121956. [PMID: 37271361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been a worldwide prevalent problem, and particularly a threat to ecosystem integrity and animals' health. Previous studies on the mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity have focused on protein-coding genes, whereas most genomic transcripts are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although lncRNAs are known to play important regulatory roles in biological processes, their role in heavy metal stress regulation is still not fully understood. We here developed an insect embryo cell model for studying metal toxicity and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We performed genome-wide screening and functional characterization of lncRNAs induced by two essential and two non-essential heavy metals in Drosophila embryo-derived S2 cells. We identified 4894 lncRNAs, of which 1410 were novel. Forty-one lncRNAs, together with 328 mRNAs, were induced by all the four heavy metals. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and pathway enrichment analysis showed that detoxification metabolism, circadian rhythm, and apoptosis regulation pathways were activated in response to heavy metal stress. LncRNA CR44138 was remarkably upregulated in cells exposed to the four heavy metals and was associated with the apoptosis pathway. Expression interference confirmed that CR44138 aggravated cytotoxicity-induced apoptosis in cells under heavy metals stress. This study highlights the important role of lncRNAs in regulating the cellular response to heavy metals. This study also lays the foundation for discovering the novel regulatory mechanisms and developing diagnostic biomarkers of the toxic effects of heavy metal pollutants on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Sun M, Cheng H, Yu T, Tan J, Li M, Chen Q, Gu Y, Jiang C, Li S, He Y, Wen W. Involvement of a AS3MT/c-Fos/p53 signaling axis in arsenic-induced tumor in human lung cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:615-627. [PMID: 36399430 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the dimethylation of arsenite (+3 oxidation state). At present, the studies on arsenic carcinogenicity mainly focus on studying the polymorphisms of AS3MT and measuring their catalytic activities. We recently showed that AS3MT was overexpressed in lung cancer patients who had not been exposed to arsenic. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of AS3MT in arsenite-induced tumorigenesis. In this study, we showed that AS3MT protein expression was higher in the arsenic-exposed population compared to the unexposed population. AS3MT was also overexpressed in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells exposed to arsenic (A549: 20-60 μmol/L; 16HBE: 2-6 μmol/L) for 48 h. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of AS3MT on cell proliferation and apoptosis using siRNA. The downregulation of AS3MT inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of cells. Mechanistically, AS3MT was found to specifically bind to c-Fos, thereby inhibiting the binding of c-Fos to c-Jun. Additionally, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of AS3MT enhanced the phosphorylation of Ser392 in p53 by upregulating p38 MAPK expression. This led to the activation of p53 signaling and the upregulated expression of downstream targets, such as p21, Fas, PUMA, and Bax. Together, these studies revealed that the inorganic arsenic-mediated upregulation of AS3MT expression directly affected the proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to arsenic-induced toxicity or carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Sun
- Occupational Health and Launch Health Institute, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Huirong Cheng
- Occupational Health and Launch Health Institute, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Tianle Yu
- Cardiovascular medicine, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Li
- Elderly Health Management Center, Haida Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Occupational Health and Launch Health Institute, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Occupational Health and Launch Health Institute, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Chenglan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weihua Wen
- Occupational Health and Launch Health Institute, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
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Hsa_circ_0005050 interacts with ILF3 and affects cell apoptosis and proliferation by disrupting the balance between p53 and p65. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yin J, Zhou Q, Tan J, Che W, He Y. Inorganic arsenic induces MDM2, p53, and their phosphorylation and affects the MDM2/p53 complex in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88078-88088. [PMID: 35829882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, as a human carcinogen, has posed a certain threat to environmental health globally. However, the underlying mechanism of the arsenic carcinogenic effect remains largely undetermined. The up-regulation of MDM2 seems to play a crucial part in tumors in especial carcinomas of the diffuse type. The interaction of MDM2 and p53 is closely relevant to the pathogenesis of tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on MDM2, p53, and their phosphorylation after As(III). In the epidemiological study, we investigated that MDM2 expression was up-regulation and was positively linked to methylated metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)) after As(III)-exposure. In vitro studies employing A549 and 16HBE cells confirmed the epidemiological data. Studies on MDM2 phosphorylation sites consisting of Ser166, Ser260, and Ser394 in response to arsenic exposure, which have not been studied presently, indicated that As(III) could induce the expression of MDM2 phosphorylation. Moreover, we studied the alterations of p53 and its N-terminus phosphorylation sites of Ser9, Ser15, and Ser33, which demonstrated that p53 and its phosphorylation were highly expressed after As(III) exposure. Subsequently, Co-immunoprecipitation assays validated our hypothesis that the bonding of MDM2 and p53 was altered by arsenic exposure. What's more, outcomes coming from different cell types of A549, 16HBE, and 60 T-16HBE revealed that MDM2 and its phosphorylation expression existed a significant difference. The study provides evidence that As(III) and its methylated metabolites modulate the expression of MDM2, p53, and their phosphorylation and then affect the interaction between MDM2 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wangjun Che
- Department of Occupational Health, Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 4, Ziyun Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Muzaffar S, Khan J, Srivastava R, Gorbatyuk MS, Athar M. Mechanistic understanding of the toxic effects of arsenic and warfare arsenicals on human health and environment. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:85-110. [PMID: 35362847 PMCID: PMC10042769 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 200 million people are estimated to be exposed to unsafe levels of arsenic. Chronic exposure to unsafe levels of groundwater arsenic is responsible for multiple human disorders, including dermal, cardiovascular, neurological, pulmonary, renal, and metabolic conditions. Consumption of rice and seafood (where high levels of arsenic are accumulated) is also responsible for human exposure to arsenic. The toxicity of arsenic compounds varies greatly and may depend on their chemical form, solubility, and concentration. Surprisingly, synthetic organoarsenicals are extremely toxic molecules which created interest in their development as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) during World War I (WWI). Among these CWAs, adamsite, Clark I, Clark II, and lewisite are of critical importance, as stockpiles of these agents still exist worldwide. In addition, unused WWII weaponized arsenicals discarded in water bodies or buried in many parts of the world continue to pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Metabolic inhibition, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and epigenetic alterations including micro-RNA-dependent regulation are some of the underlying mechanisms of arsenic toxicity. Mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of organoarsenicals is also critical for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This review provides comprehensive details and a critical assessment of recently published data on various chemical forms of arsenic, their exposure, and implications on human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Muzaffar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Ritesh Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Marina S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA.
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Zhou Q, Yin J, Tan J, Li S, Jiang C, He Y. Up-regulation of PUMA caused the activation of p53 phosphorylation and acetylation, enhancing the interaction between PUMA and Bcl-X and mediating arsenic-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 434:115800. [PMID: 34798143 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid vastly dispersed all over the occupational environments, manifesting multiple adverse health issues related to apoptosis. PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis) is a crucial member of the Bcl-2 protein family and plays a key role in pro-apoptosis. The purpose of this work was to determine whether inorganic arsenic (NaAsO2) and its metabolites influenced the expression of PUMA in vivo and vitro, followed by investigating the mechanisms. RNA was extracted from serum and used to determine the expression of PUMA in vivo. The urine samples performed arsenic speciation analysis. This trial tested three-dose proportions in two cell lines (A549: 20, 40, 60 μM/L; 16HBE: 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 μM/L), respectively. According to the results of qRT-PCR and western blotting, NaAsO2 caused the overexpression of PUMA, not its metabolites. Furthermore, NaAsO2 induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser315, 376, 392, and Thr55, and acetylation of p53 at K370, 382 with a dose-response relationship, suggesting the contribution of PUMA up-regulation to p53 phosphorylation and acetylation. CCK-8, JC-1 (5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetramethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocyanine iodide), Hoechst33342/PI and the caspase3 and PARP1 blots were utilized to reveal apoptosis responding to NaAsO2 exposure. The co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that the interaction between PUMA and Bcl-X enhanced in intensity responding to NaAsO2 exposure, disrupting the complexes of Bcl-X with other pro-survival Bcl-2-related proteins. To our knowledge, we first reported that NaAsO2 activated phosphorylation of p53 at Ser315, 376, and Thr55, as well as acetylation of p53 at K370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinyao Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chenglan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Wang PS, Wang Z, Yang C. Dysregulations of long non-coding RNAs - The emerging "lnc" in environmental carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:163-172. [PMID: 33823237 PMCID: PMC8487435 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a class of RNA molecules that are more than 200 nucleotides in length and usually lack protein-coding capacity. LncRNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression as well as many aspects of normal physiological processes. Dysregulations of lncRNA expressions and functions are considered to be critically involved in the development and progression of many diseases especially cancer. The lncRNA research in the field of cancer biology over the past decade reveals that a large number of lncRNAs are dysregulated in various types of cancer and that dysregulated lncRNAs may play important roles in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic responses. Metal carcinogens and other common environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fine particular matters, cigarette smoke, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation are important cancer etiology factors. However, the mechanisms of how metal carcinogens and other common environmental carcinogen exposures initiate cancer and promote cancer progression remain largely unknown. Accumulating evidence show that exposure to metal carcinogens and other common environmental carcinogens dysregulate lncRNA expression in various model systems, which may offer novel mechanistic insights for environmental carcinogenesis. This review will first provide a brief introduction about lncRNA biology and the mechanisms of lncRNA functions, followed by summarizing and discussing recent studies about lncRNA dysregulation by metal carcinogen and other common environment carcinogen exposures and the potential roles of dysregulated lncRNAs in environmental carcinogenesis. A perspective for future studies in this emerging and important field is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shun Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
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Danes JM, Palma FR, Bonini MG. Arsenic and other metals as phenotype driving electrophiles in carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:287-291. [PMID: 34563651 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are several sources of heavy metal exposures whether occupational or environmental. These are connected both with the existence of natural reservoirs of metal toxicants or human activity such as mining, welding and construction. In general, exposure to heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and metalloids, such as arsenic (As), has been associated with diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. Common to these diseases is the loss of cellular physiologic performance and phenotype required for proper function. On the metal side, electrophilic behavior that disrupts the electronic (or redox) state of cells is a common feature. This suggests that there may be a connection between changes to the redox equilibrium of cells caused by environmental exposures to heavy metals and the pathogenic effects of such exposures. In this mini-review, we will focus on two environmental contaminants cadmium (a metal) and arsenic (a metalloid) and explore their interactions with living organisms from the perspective of their electrophilic chemical reactivity that underlies both their potential as carcinogens and as drivers of more aggressive tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Danes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, United States
| | - Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, United States
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, United States.
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