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Gürkan M, Ertürk Gürkan S, Künili İE, Acar S, Özel OT, Düzgüneş ZD, Türe M. Evaluation of the health of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) distributed in the Çanakkale strait, Turkey. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106492. [PMID: 38598959 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The observation of mortality in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) distributed in the Çanakkale Strait in recent years was influential in developing the research question for this study. In this study, the presence of bacteria (Vibrio spp.) and parasites (Marteilia spp. and Haplosporidium spp.) in mussels collected from Kumkale, Kepez, and Umurbey stations in the Çanakkale Strait was investigated seasonally. Microbiological findings, histopathology, oxidative stress enzymes and their gene expressions, lipid peroxidation, lysosomal membrane stability, and changes in haemolymph were examined. In summer samples, both the defence system and the extent of damage were higher in gill tissue. In winter samples, enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were found to be predominantly higher in digestive gland tissues. Histological examinations and Hemacolor staining revealed the presence of protozoan cysts, and for bacterial examination, molecular analysis performed after culturing revealed the presence of 7 Vibrio species. While the total numbers of heterotrophic bacteria detected in all samples were at acceptable levels, the predominance of Vibrio spp. numbers among the total heterotrophic bacteria detected in almost all samples were noteworthy. The total hemocyte count was calculated as 5.810(4)±0.58 (cells/mm3) in winter and 7.210(4)±1.03 (cells/mm3) in summer. These factors are considered to be possible causes of mussel mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Gürkan
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Selin Ertürk Gürkan
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çanakkale, Turkiye.
| | - İbrahim Ender Künili
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Department of Fishing and Fish Processing Technology, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Seçil Acar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Department of Marine Sciences and Limnology, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Osman Tolga Özel
- Central Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Aquaculture, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Zehra Duygu Düzgüneş
- Central Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Breeding and Genetics, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Türe
- Central Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Health, Trabzon, Turkiye
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Dogruyol H, Mol S, Ulusoy Ş, Atanasoff A. Evaluation of Health Risks Attributed to Toxic Trace Elements and Selenium in Farmed Mediterranean Mussels from Türkiye and Bulgaria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04084-w. [PMID: 38296919 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Farmed mussels accumulate contaminants from their production environment rather than releasing them into water. This study reveals potential health risks associated with selenium, cadmium, mercury, and lead resulting from the consumption of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured along the coasts of Türkiye and Bulgaria. The concentrations of Se and toxic trace metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The detection limits (LOD) were 0.100, 0.015, 0.025, and 0.180 µg/kg for Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. The mean Se concentrations were between 1.305 and 1.957 µg/g, and toxic metals were below the maximum limits. Due to Turkish and Bulgarian consumers' limited mollusk consumption, mussels could only provide a maximum of 7.35% of the daily Se need. THQ and TTHQ of Se, Cd, and methyl-Hg were below 1, indicating that farmed mussels were safe for consumption. Percent PTWI values were calculated only for Cd and MeHg, as the PTWI value for Pb was discarded by the authorities and not determined for Se. Accordingly, weekly mussel consumption did not pose any risks. The margin of exposure approach was used to evaluate Pb intake. MOE-SBP and MOE-NE were significantly higher than 10, designating no significant health risks. Long-term consumption of mussels also does not pose a carcinogenic risk regarding the TR index calculated between 10-5 and 10-6 for Pb. Positive HBVSe (10.13-37.27) indicated that Se in mussels overcame Hg-related potential health concerns. Consequently, mussels grown in Türkiye and Bulgaria did not pose a risk for human consumption, based on current risk analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Dogruyol
- Department of Food Safety, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Türkiye.
| | - Suhendan Mol
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Türkiye
| | - Şafak Ulusoy
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Türkiye
| | - Alexander Atanasoff
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria
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Wang R, Sang P, Guo Y, Jin P, Cheng Y, Yu H, Xie Y, Yao W, Qian H. Cadmium in food: Source, distribution and removal. Food Chem 2023; 405:134666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Chelyadina NS, Kapranov SV, Popov MA, Smirnova LL, Bobko NI. Trace elements in the detoxifying and accumulating body parts of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819 (Crimea, Black Sea): human health risks and effect of the sampling site location. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61352-61369. [PMID: 35441295 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mussel M. galloprovincialis is one of the most popular species in world's mariculture and environment pollution bioindicators. Although this mollusk was in a focus of numerous publications, the detoxifying and accumulating role of some of its body parts was insufficiently studied. The goals of the present work were as follows: (a) to study the distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) in soft tissues, byssus, and shell liquor of this bivalve as a function of sampling location in the Black Sea near the southwestern coast of Crimea and (b) to assess human health risks from consuming soft tissues of mussels cultivated on a mollusk farm. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in the overall distribution of the elements among the body parts and sampling sites under consideration. The trace element contents in soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > Co > Hg. The noncarcinogenic hazard index from the cultivated mussel consumption was found to be well below one and the carcinogenic risk index was found within the tolerable limits, which indicate the safety of consuming these mussels for humans. Byssus of M. galloprovincialis was characterized as a perfect indicator of marine environment pollution with Ni, Cu, Pb, Сo, and Cr. For the first time, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the shell liquor and the function of byssus and shell liquor as the systems of trace element excretion from soft tissues was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya S Chelyadina
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov ave. 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011.
| | - Sergey V Kapranov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov ave. 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
| | - Mark A Popov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov ave. 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
| | - Lyudmila L Smirnova
- Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin str. 28, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
| | - Nikolay I Bobko
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov ave. 2, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
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Gedik K, Eryaşar AR, Gözler AM. The microplastic pattern of wild-caught Mediterranean mussels from the Marmara Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113331. [PMID: 35066412 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Sea of Marmara suffers from pollutants that come from municipal/industrial discharges and the Black Sea. Microplastic (MP)s, a rising environmental concern with consequences for seafood safety, are one of these contaminants. Thus, the abundance and feature of MPs in wild populations of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from 20 sites along the sea of Marmara coastlines were analyzed herein. In total, 812 MPs were detected in 412 mussels. The MPs ranged from 0.30 to 7.53 MP individual-1 and 0.11 to 4.58 MP g-1 fresh weight. The most common shape of the MPs detected was fiber (81.16%), the majority of which were smaller than 1 mm. Polymer types were verified by FTIR, and 14 different polymers have been identified; the dominant was polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 66.38%). When one is served by a mussel meal weekly, the risk statistics project that the exposure will be 252 MPs per portion. Yet, the risk associated with the MP-contaminated mussel consumption is insignificant according to hypothetical calculations using a chemical additive (bisphenol A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Gedik
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Raif Eryaşar
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Rize, Turkey
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