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Mizukoshi A, Okumura J, Azuma K. A COVID-19 cluster analysis in an office: Assessing the long-range aerosol and fomite transmissions with infection control measures. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:1396-1412. [PMID: 37936539 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Simulated exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the environment was demonstrated based on the actual coronavirus disease 2019 cluster occurrence in an office, with a projected risk considering the likely transmission pathways via aerosols and fomites. A total of 35/85 occupants were infected, with the attack rate in the first stage as 0.30. It was inferred that the aerosol transmission at long-range produced the cluster at virus concentration in the saliva of the infected cases on the basis of the simulation, more than 108 PFU mL-1. Additionally, all wearing masks effectiveness was estimated to be 61%-81% and 88%-95% reduction in risk for long-range aerosol transmission in the normal and fit state of the masks, respectively, and a 99.8% or above decline in risk of fomite transmission. The ventilation effectiveness for long-range aerosol transmission was also calculated to be 12%-29% and 36%-66% reductions with increases from one air change per hour (ACH) to two ACH and six ACH, respectively. Furthermore, the virus concentration reduction in the saliva to 1/3 corresponded to the risk reduction for long-range aerosol transmission by 60%-64% and 40%-51% with and without masks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizukoshi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiro Okumura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Azuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Lee JH, Shim JW, Lim MH, Baek C, Jeon B, Cho M, Park S, Choi DH, Kim BS, Yoon D, Kim YG, Cho SY, Lee KM, Yeo MS, Zo H, Shin SD, Kim S. Towards optimal design of patient isolation units in emergency rooms to prevent airborne virus transmission: From computational fluid dynamics to data-driven modeling. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108309. [PMID: 38520923 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient isolation units (PIUs) can be an effective method for effective infection control. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is commonly used for PIU design; however, optimizing this design requires extensive computational resources. Our study aims to provide data-driven models to determine the PIU settings, thereby promoting a more rapid design process. METHOD Using CFD simulations, we evaluated various PIU parameters and room conditions to assess the impact of PIU installation on ventilation and isolation. We investigated particle dispersion from coughing subjects and airflow patterns. Machine-learning models were trained using CFD simulation data to estimate the performance and identify significant parameters. RESULTS Physical isolation alone was insufficient to prevent the dispersion of smaller particles. However, a properly installed fan filter unit (FFU) generally enhanced the effectiveness of physical isolation. Ventilation and isolation performance under various conditions were predicted with a mean absolute percentage error of within 13%. The position of the FFU was found to be the most important factor affecting the PIU performance. CONCLUSION Data-driven modeling based on CFD simulations can expedite the PIU design process by offering predictive capabilities and clarifying important performance factors. Reducing the time required to design a PIU is critical when a rapid response is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Shim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Lim
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Baek
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjun Jeon
- Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Cho
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Souk Yeo
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangman Zo
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Smith DRM, Chervet S, Pinettes T, Shirreff G, Jijón S, Oodally A, Jean K, Opatowski L, Kernéis S, Temime L. How have mathematical models contributed to understanding the transmission and control of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings? A systematic search and review. J Hosp Infect 2023; 141:132-141. [PMID: 37734676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, mathematical models have been widely used to inform public health recommendations regarding COVID-19 control in healthcare settings. The objective of this study was to systematically review SARS-CoV-2 transmission models in healthcare settings, and to summarize their contributions to understanding nosocomial COVID-19. A systematic search and review of published articles indexed in PubMed was carried out. Modelling studies describing dynamic inter-individual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings, published by mid-February 2022 were included. Models have mostly focused on acute-care and long-term-care facilities in high-income countries. Models have quantified outbreak risk, showing great variation across settings and pandemic periods. Regarding surveillance, routine testing rather than symptom-based was highlighted as essential for COVID-19 prevention due to high rates of silent transmission. Surveillance impacts depended critically on testing frequency, diagnostic sensitivity, and turn-around time. Healthcare re-organization also proved to have large epidemiological impacts: beyond obvious benefits of isolating cases and limiting inter-individual contact, more complex strategies (staggered staff scheduling, immune-based cohorting) reduced infection risk. Finally, vaccination impact, while highly effective for limiting COVID-19 burden, varied substantially depending on assumed mechanistic impacts on infection acquisition, symptom onset and transmission. Modelling results form an extensive evidence base that may inform control strategies for future waves of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral respiratory pathogens. We propose new avenues for future models of healthcare-associated outbreaks, with the aim of enhancing their efficiency and contributions to decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R M Smith
- Anti-infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1018, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France
| | - S Chervet
- Anti-infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1018, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - T Pinettes
- Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France; Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - G Shirreff
- Anti-infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1018, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France
| | - S Jijón
- Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France; Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - A Oodally
- Anti-infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1018, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France
| | - K Jean
- Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France; Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - L Opatowski
- Anti-infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology Team, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM U1018, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - S Kernéis
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; Equipe de Prévention du Risque Infectieux (EPRI), AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France.
| | - L Temime
- Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, F-75003 Paris, France; Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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Nishandar SR, He Y, Princevac M, Edwards RD. Fate of Exhaled Droplets From Breathing and Coughing in Supermarket Checkouts and Passenger Cars. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302221148274. [PMID: 36644342 PMCID: PMC9834932 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221148274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of understanding the role that exhaled droplets play in virus transmission in community settings. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) enables systematic examination of roles the exhaled droplets play in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. This analysis uses published exhaled droplet size distributions combined with terminal aerosol droplet size based on measured peak concentrations for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols to simulate exhaled droplet dispersion, evaporation, and deposition in a supermarket checkout area and rideshare car where close proximity with other individuals is common. Using air inlet velocity of 2 m/s in the passenger car and ASHRAE recommendations for ventilation and comfort in the supermarket, simulations demonstrate that exhaled droplets <20 μm that contain the majority of viral RNA evaporated leaving residual droplet nuclei that remain aerosolized in the air. Subsequently ~ 70% of these droplet nuclei deposited in the supermarket and the car with the reminder vented from the space. The maximum surface deposition of droplet nuclei/m2 for speaking and coughing were 2 and 819, 18 and 1387 for supermarket and car respectively. Approximately 15% of the total exhaled droplets (aerodynamic diameters 20-700 µm) were deposited on surfaces in close proximity to the individual. Due to the non-linear distribution of viral RNA across droplet sizes, however, these larger exhaled droplets that deposit on surfaces have low viral content. Maximum surface deposition of viral RNA was 70 and 1.7 × 103 virions/m2 for speaking and 2.3 × 104 and 9.3 × 104 virions/m2 for coughing in the supermarket and car respectively while the initial airborne concentration of viral RNA was 7 × 106 copies per ml. Integrating the droplet size distributions with viral load distributions, this study helps explain the apparent importance of inhalation exposures compared to surface contact observed in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanika Ravindra Nishandar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yucheng He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Marko Princevac
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rufus D Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Program in
Public Health, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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Tan H, Wong KY, Othman MHD, Kek HY, Wahab RA, Ern GKP, Chong WT, Lee KQ. Current and potential approaches on assessing airflow and particle dispersion in healthcare facilities: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80137-80160. [PMID: 36194323 PMCID: PMC9531230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An indoor environment in a hospital building requires a high indoor air quality (IAQ) to overcome patients' risks of getting wound infections without interrupting the recovery process. However, several problems arose in obtaining a satisfactory IAQ, such as poor ventilation design strategies, insufficient air exchange, improper medical equipment placement and high door opening frequency. This paper presents an overview of various methods used for assessing the IAQ in hospital facilities, especially in an operating room, isolation room, anteroom, postoperative room, inpatient room and dentistry room. This review shows that both experimental and numerical methods demonstrated their advantages in the IAQ assessment. It was revealed that both airflow and particle tracking models could result in different particle dispersion predictions. The model selection should depend on the compatibility of the simulated result with the experimental measurement data. The primary and secondary forces affecting the characteristics of particle dispersion were also discussed in detail. The main contributing forces to the trajectory characteristics of a particle could be attributed to the gravitational force and drag force regardless of particle size. Meanwhile, the additional forces could be considered when there involves temperature gradient, intense light source, submicron particle, etc. The particle size concerned in a healthcare facility should be less than 20 μm as this particle size range showed a closer relationship with the virus load and a higher tendency to remain airborne. Also, further research opportunities that reflect a more realistic approach and improvement in the current assessment approach were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Yee Kek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan Pei Ern
- School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | - Wen Tong Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Quen Lee
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alathari MJA, Al Mashhadany Y, Mokhtar MHH, Burham N, Bin Zan MSD, A Bakar AA, Arsad N. Human Body Performance with COVID-19 Affectation According to Virus Specification Based on Biosensor Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:8362. [PMID: 34960456 PMCID: PMC8704003 DOI: 10.3390/s21248362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life was once normal before the first announcement of COVID-19's first case in Wuhan, China, and what was slowly spreading became an overnight worldwide pandemic. Ever since the virus spread at the end of 2019, it has been morphing and rapidly adapting to human nature changes which cause difficult conundrums in the efforts of fighting it. Thus, researchers were steered to investigate the virus in order to contain the outbreak considering its novelty and there being no known cure. In contribution to that, this paper extensively reviewed, compared, and analyzed two main points; SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission in humans and detection methods of COVID-19 in the human body. SARS-CoV-2 human exchange transmission methods reviewed four modes of transmission which are Respiratory Transmission, Fecal-Oral Transmission, Ocular transmission, and Vertical Transmission. The latter point particularly sheds light on the latest discoveries and advancements in the aim of COVID-19 diagnosis and detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus associated with this disease in the human body. The methods in this review paper were classified into two categories which are RNA-based detection including RT-PCR, LAMP, CRISPR, and NGS and secondly, biosensors detection including, electrochemical biosensors, electronic biosensors, piezoelectric biosensors, and optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jawad Ahmed Alathari
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.J.A.A.); (M.H.H.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.B.Z.); (A.A.A.B.)
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar 00964, Iraq;
| | - Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.J.A.A.); (M.H.H.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.B.Z.); (A.A.A.B.)
| | - Norhafizah Burham
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.J.A.A.); (M.H.H.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.B.Z.); (A.A.A.B.)
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Bin Zan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.J.A.A.); (M.H.H.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.B.Z.); (A.A.A.B.)
| | - Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.J.A.A.); (M.H.H.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.B.Z.); (A.A.A.B.)
| | - Norhana Arsad
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.J.A.A.); (M.H.H.M.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.B.Z.); (A.A.A.B.)
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Kee T. Insights and pearls of healthcare systems management of COVID-19 in Asia and its relevance to Asian transplant services. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2021; 35:143-148. [PMID: 35769250 PMCID: PMC9235444 DOI: 10.4285/kjt.21.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Asia is now the new epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet mortality rates remain among the lowest in the world. This review paper summarizes key findings from the literature in Asia on how healthcare systems, including transplant programs, have developed innovative solutions and countermeasures to mitigate the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of literature using PubMed was performed, where only publications addressing COVID-19 and healthcare systems from Asia were selected. Whenever possible, the impact of COVID-19 and the countermeasure responses from transplant healthcare systems were highlighted in these publications. Transplantation in Asia has been affected to varying degrees, although many Asian countries have continued transplantation while adopting defenses that have resulted in a low COVID-19 incidence rate among transplant recipients. These defenses include protected pathways for patients, surveillance through protocol screening for COVID-19, team and infrastructure segregation, adoption of telemedicine, and patient outreach and education. Transplant healthcare systems in Asia have been effective at varying levels of success during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic continues, transplant healthcare systems must develop operational frameworks to sustain transplant activity in the new normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Kee
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital and Renal Transplant Unit, SingHealth Duke-NUS Transplant Centre, Singapore
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