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Cheng Y, Chen K, He D, He Y, Lei Y, Sun Y. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of the Rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum L. from Four Main Producing Areas in Northwest China and Their Effect on Plant Growth. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:286. [PMID: 38667957 PMCID: PMC11050802 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants absorb more mineral nutrients after they colonize plant roots, and the mycelia harmonize the soil structure and physical and chemical properties by secreting compounds. AMF species co-evolve with their habitat's geographic conditions and hosts; this gradually causes differences in the AMF species. By using Melzer's reagent to analyze the morphology and using Illumina Miseq sequencing technology to perform the molecular identification of AMF communities among the four typical L. barbarum planting areas (Zhongning, Guyuan, Jinghe, and Dulan) investigated, the variety of L. barbarum roots and rhizosphere AMF communities was greater in the Zhongning area, and every region additionally had endemic species. The successfully amplified AMF was re-applied to the L. barbarum seedlings. We found that the total dry weight and accumulation of potassium increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the root volume and number of root branches were significantly higher in the plants that were inoculated with Paraglomus VTX00375 in the pot experiment, indicating that AMF improves root development and promotes plant growth. We have investigated AMF germplasm species in four regions, and we are committed to the development of native AMF resources. The multiplication and application of AMF will be conducive to realizing the potential role of biology in the maintenance of agroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Cheng
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Kaili Chen
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Dalun He
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Yaling He
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Yonghui Lei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
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Swain AA, Sharma P, Keswani C, Minkina T, Tukkaraja P, Gadhamshetty V, Kumar S, Bauddh K, Kumar N, Shukla SK, Kumar M, Dubey RS, Wong MH. The efficient applications of native flora for phytorestoration of mine tailings: a pan-global survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27653-27678. [PMID: 38598151 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mine tailings are the discarded materials resulting from mining processes after minerals have been extracted. They consist of leftover mineral fragments, excavated land masses, and disrupted ecosystems. The uncontrolled handling or discharge of tailings from abandoned mine lands (AMLs) poses a threat to the surrounding environment. Numerous untreated mine tailings have been abandoned globally, necessitating immediate reclamation and restoration efforts. The limited feasibility of conventional reclamation methods, such as cost and acceptability, presents challenges in reclaiming tailings around AMLs. This study focuses on phytorestoration as a sustainable method for treating mine tailings. Phytorestoration utilizes existing native plants on the mine sites while applying advanced principles of environmental biotechnology. These approaches can remediate toxic elements and simultaneously improve soil quality. The current study provides a global overview of phytorestoration methods, emphasizing the specifics of mine tailings and the research on native plant species to enhance restoration ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Abhilash Swain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Purushotham Tukkaraja
- Department of Mining Engineering and Management, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
- 2D-Materials for Biofilm Engineering, Science and Technology Center, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Geology, BB Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Kuldeep Bauddh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India.
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, 231001, India.
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, BB Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
| | - Rama Shanker Dubey
- Central University of Gujarat, Sector-29, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium On Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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Sun J, Rong Z, Yang L, Zhu Q, Yuan Y, Feng Z, Li L, Li N, Zhang L, Guo S. Effects of AMF inoculation on the growth, photosynthesis and root physiological morphology of root-pruned Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad130. [PMID: 37847604 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Root pruning hinders the absorption and utilization of nutrients and water by seedlings in the short term. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important source of nutrient and water for seedlings except for the root system. However, the mechanism by which AMF affect the physiological growth of seedlings after root pruning has rarely been studied. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted through a three-compartment partition system to clarify the effects of Funneliformis mosseae (F. mosseae) strain BGC XJ07A on the physiological growth of root-pruned Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. Five root pruning treatments (zero, one-fifth, one-fourth, one-third and one-half of the taproot length were removed) were applied to noninoculated seedlings and those inoculated with F. mosseae. The results showed that the presence of F. mosseae significantly increased the shoot and root biomasses, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. The root projected area, root surface area, average root diameter, root density, root volume and number of root tips of the inoculated seedlings were higher than those without inoculation in all root pruning treatments. The root cytokinin, gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid concentrations, but root abscisic acid concentration, were higher than those measured in the absence of inoculation in all root pruning treatments. Moreover, the changes in the root endogenous hormone concentrations of the seedlings were closely related to the root morphological development and seedling biomass. The AMF increased the soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, soil available potassium and soil organic matter concentrations compared with the noninoculated treatment. These results indicate that AMF can alleviate the adverse effects of root pruning on the physiological growth of R. pseudoacacia and soil properties, and can provide a basis for AMF application to forest cultivation and the sustainable development of forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Henan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 10 Xueli Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qimeng Zhu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yabo Yuan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhipei Feng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Limei Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nixuan Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shaoxin Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road of Jinshui District in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Lao R, Guo Y, Hao W, Fang W, Li H, Zhao Z, Li T. The Role of Lignin in the Compartmentalization of Cadmium in Maize Roots Is Enhanced by Mycorrhiza. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:852. [PMID: 37623623 PMCID: PMC10455880 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in the root systems of plants. They can help enhance the resistance of host plants by improving the compartmentalization of toxic metal contaminants in the cell walls (CWs). However, the functions and responses of various CW subfractions to mycorrhizal colonization under Cd exposure remain unknown. Here we conducted a study to investigate how Cd is stored in the cell walls of maize roots colonized by Funneliformis mosseae. Our findings indicate that inoculating the roots with AMF significantly lowers the amount of Cd in the maize shoots (63.6 ± 6.54 mg kg-1 vs. 45.3 ± 2.19 mg kg-1, p < 0.05) by retaining more Cd in the mycorrhized roots (224.0 ± 17.13 mg kg-1 vs. 289.5 ± 8.75 mg kg-1, p < 0.01). This reduces the adverse effects of excessive Cd on the maize plant. Additional research on the subcellular distribution of Cd showed that AMF colonization significantly improves the compartmentalization of 88.2% of Cd in the cell walls of maize roots, compared to the 80.8% of Cd associated with cell walls in the non-mycorrhizal controls. We observed that the presence of AMF did not increase the amount of Cd in pectin, a primary binding site for cell walls; however, it significantly enhanced the content of lignin and the proportion of Cd in the total root cell walls. This finding is consistent with the increased activity of lignin-related enzymes, such as PAL, 4CL, and laccase, which were also positively impacted by mycorrhizal colonization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that AMF increased the number and types of functional groups, including -OH/-NH and carboxylate, which chelate Cd in the lignin. Our research shows that AMF can improve the ability of maize plants to tolerate Cd by reducing the amount of Cd transferred from the roots to the shoots. This is achieved by increasing the amount of lignin in the cell walls, which binds with Cd and prevents it from moving through the plant. This is accomplished by activating enzymes related to lignin synthesis and increasing the exposure of Cd-binding functional groups of lignin. However, more direct evidence on the immobilization of Cd in the mycorrhiza-altered cell wall subfractions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Lao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yanying Guo
- Kunming Dianchi & Plateau Lake Research Institute, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Weixia Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Wenjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Zhou Y, Wei M, Li Y, Tang M, Zhang H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve growth and tolerance of Platycladus orientalis under lead stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1967-1978. [PMID: 37203166 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2212792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis is a significant woody plant for phytoremediation in heavy metals contaminated soils. The growth and tolerance of host plants under the lead (Pb) stress were enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To evaluate the adjustment by AMF on growth and activity of antioxidant system of P. orientalis under Pb stress. The two-factor pot experiment was conducted with three AM fungal treatments (noninoculated, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Funneliformis mosseae) and four Pb levels (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg-1). AMF increased dry weight, phosphorus uptake, root vitality, and total chlorophyll content of P. orientalis in spite of Pb stress. Compared with nonmycorrhizal treatments, mycorrhizal P. orientalis had lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under Pb stress. AMF increased Pb uptake in roots and decreased the Pb translating to the shoots yet under Pb stress. Total glutathione and ascorbate in roots of P. orientalis were decreased by AMF inoculation. Mycorrhizal P. orientalis had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in shoots and roots than nonmycorrhizal counterparts. Mycorrhizal P. orientalis under Pb stress showed higher expression of PoGST1 and PoGST2 in roots than that in CK treatments. Future studies will explore the function of induced tolerance genes by AMF of P. orientalis under Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Man Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zheng J, Xie X, Li C, Wang H, Yu Y, Huang B. Regulation mechanism of plant response to heavy metal stress mediated by endophytic fungi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1596-1613. [PMID: 36786203 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2176466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi exist widely in plants and play an important role in the growth and adaptation of plants. They could be used in phytoremediation techniques against heavy metal contaminated soil since beneficial microbial symbionts can endow plants with resistance to external heavy metal stresses. This review summarized the regulation mechanism of plant response to heavy metal stress mediated by endophytic fungi. Potential endophytic fungi in enhancing plant's adaption to heavy metal stresses include arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate endophytic fungi, plant growth promoting endophytic fungi. The mechanisms involve coevolution strategy, immune regulation and detoxification transport to improve the ability of plants to adapt to heavy metal stress. They can increase the synthesis of host hormones and maintaining the balance of endogenous hormones, strengthen osmotic regulation, regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and increase immune activity, antioxidant enzyme and glutathione activity. They also help to improve the detoxification transport and heavy metal emission capacity of the host by significantly producing iron carrier, metallothionein and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. The combination of endophytic fungi and hyperaccumulation plants provides a promising technology for the ecological restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil. Endophytic fungi reserves further development on enhancing host plant's adaptability to heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingguang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaru Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baokang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Li W, Chen K, Li Q, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Su Y. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:547. [PMID: 36771633 PMCID: PMC9920379 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a global problem for ecosystems and human health. Remediation of contaminated soils has received much attention in the last decade. Aided mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy. This study was carried out to investigate the mitigation effect of AMF inoculation on heavy metal toxicity in Medicago truncatula under soil cadmium stress. Therefore, a pot experiment was designed to evaluate the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, Cd uptake and distribution, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, root soil physicochemical properties, and metabolite profile analysis of M. truncatula with/without AMF inoculation in Cd (20 mg/Kg)-contaminated soil. The results showed that inoculating AMF under Cd stress might enhance photosynthetic efficiency, increase plant biomass, decrease Cd and MDA content, and improve soil physicochemical properties in M. truncatula. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed that inoculation with AMF under Cd stress significantly upregulated the production of various amino acids in inter-root metabolism and increase organic acid and phytohormone synthesis. This study provides information on the physiological responses of mycorrhizal plants to heavy metal stress, which could help provide deeper insight into the mechanisms of heavy metal remediation by AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yunlai Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yu Su
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610036, China
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Lactarius and Russula mushroom genera – Similarities/differences in mineral composition within the Russulaceae family. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sun S, Feng Y, Huang G, Zhao X, Song F. Rhizophagus irregularis enhances tolerance to cadmium stress by altering host plant hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) photosynthetic properties. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120309. [PMID: 36181931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread and specialized soil symbiotic fungi, and the establishment of their symbiotic system is of great importance for adversity adaptation. To reveal the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of AMF-crop symbionts in response to heavy metal stress, this experiment investigated the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) inoculation on the growth, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) at a Cd concentration of 80 mg/kg. The results showed that (1) under Cd stress, the biomass of each plant structure in the Ri treatment was significantly higher than that in the noninoculation treatment (P < 0.05); (2) under Cd stress, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, PSII efficiency, apparent electron transport rate and photochemical quenching coefficient of the Ri inoculation group reached a maximum, with increases ranging from 1% to 28%; (3) inoculation of Ri significantly reduced Cd enrichment in leaves, which in turn significantly increased the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, electron transfer rate, net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic intensity, protecting PSII (P < 0.05); and (4) by measuring the light response curves of different treatments, the light saturation points of hemp inoculated with the Ri treatment reached 1448.4 μmol/m2/s, and the optical compensation point reached 24.0 μmol/m2/s under Cd stress. The Ri-hemp symbiont demonstrated high adaptability to weak light and high utilization efficiency of strong light under Cd stress. Our study showed that Ri-hemp symbiosis improves adaptation to Cd stress and promotes plant growth by regulating the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of plants. The Ri-hemp symbiosis is a promising technology for improving the productivity of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China
| | - Yuhan Feng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jining, 272400, China.
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