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Alizadeh M, Noori R, Omidvar B, Nohegar A, Pistre S. Human health risk of nitrate in groundwater of Tehran-Karaj plain, Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7830. [PMID: 38570538 PMCID: PMC10991333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Groundwater pollution by nitrate has is a major concern in the Tehran-Karaj aquifer, Iran, where the wells provide up to 80% of the water supply for a population of more than 18 million-yet detailed human health risks associated with nitrate are unknown due to the lack of accessible data to adequately cover the aquifer in both place and time. Here, using a rich dataset measured annually in more than 75 wells, we mapped the non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate in the aquifer between 2007 and 2018, a window with the most extensive anthropogenic activities in this region. Nitrate concentration varied from ~ 6 to ~ 150 mg/L, around three times greater than the standard level for drinking use, i.e. 50 mg/L. Samples with a non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate, which mainly located in the eastern parts of the study region, threatened children's health, the most vulnerable age group, in almost all of the years during the study period. Our findings revealed that the number of samples with a positive risk of nitrate for adults decreased in the aquifer from 2007 (17 wells) to 2018 (6 wells). Although we hypothesized that unsustainable agricultural practices, the growing population, and increased industrial activities could have increased the nitrate level in the Tehran-Karaj aquifer, improved sanitation infrastructures helped to prevent the intensification of nitrate pollution in the aquifer during the study period. Our compilation of annually mapped non-carcinogenic risks of nitrate is beneficial for local authorities to understand the high-risk zones in the aquifer and for the formulation of policy actions to protect the human health of people who use groundwater for drinking and other purposes in this densely populated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Alizadeh
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Roohollah Noori
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran.
- Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439814151, Iran.
| | - Babak Omidvar
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nohegar
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Severin Pistre
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090, Montpellier, France
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Ahn Y, Park S, Kim HH, Basak B, Yun ST, Jeon BH, Choi J. Field evaluation of carbon injection method for in-situ biological denitrification in groundwater using geochemical and metataxonomic analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122719. [PMID: 37866751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater, which has become a significant environmental problem due to the increasing usage of fertilizers and sewage disposal. The nitrate reduction efficiencies of biological denitrification by injection of carbon source in a pilot-scale treatment system setup were investigated at a groundwater contamination site. The field test was conducted using acetate as a carbon source for 22 days to assess the nitrate reduction efficiencies of in-situ treatment. Geochemical parameters and microbial community analysis using next-generation sequencing were performed before and after carbon source injection. After 12 h of reaction time, nitrate concentration decreased from 31.6 to 4.2 mg-N/L at PC-2, and then remained stable at 3.9 mg-N/L. The nitrate reduction rate when acetate was injected was 29.0 mg-N/L/day. Aquabacterium commune, pseudomonas brassicacearum, dechloromonas denitrificans, and Massilia FAOS were dominant species after acetate injection. Predictive metabolic pathway analysis indicated that nitrate reduction metabolisms during injection of acetate were denitrification and assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The evaluated hazard quotient of nitrate-contaminated groundwater significantly decreased after acetate injection (non-carcinogenic risk decreased from 1.176 to 0.134 for children). This research could provide fundamental information for decision-makers in nitrate-contaminated groundwater quality protection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtae Ahn
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Green School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Hugo Kim
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea; Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bikram Basak
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Petroleum and Mineral Research Institute, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Sailaukhanuly Y, Azat S, Kunarbekova M, Tovassarov A, Toshtay K, Tauanov Z, Carlsen L, Berndtsson R. Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate in Drinking Water with Potential Source Identification: A Case Study in Almaty, Kazakhstan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:55. [PMID: 38248520 PMCID: PMC10815420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Infant mortality in Kazakhstan is six times higher compared with the EU. There are several reasons for this, but a partial reason might be that less than 30% of Kazakhstan's population has access to safe water and sanitation and more than 57% uses polluted groundwater from wells that do not comply with international standards. For example, nitrate pollution in surface and groundwater continues to increase due to intensified agriculture and the discharge of untreated wastewater, causing concerns regarding environmental and human health. For this reason, drinking water samples were collected from the water supply distribution network in eight districts of Almaty, Kazakhstan, and water quality constituents, including nitrate, were analyzed. In several districts, the nitrate concentration was above the WHO and Kazakhstan's maximum permissible limits for drinking water. The spatial distribution of high nitrate concentration in drinking water was shown to be strongly correlated with areas that are supplied with groundwater, whereas areas with lower nitrate levels are supplied with surface water sources. Based on source identification, it was shown that groundwater is likely polluted by mainly domestic wastewater. The health risk for infants, children, teenagers, and adults was assessed based on chronic daily intake, and the hazard quotient (HQ) of nitrate intake from drinking water was determined. The non-carcinogenic risks increased in the following manner: adult < teenager < child < infant. For infants and children, the HQ was greater than the acceptable level and higher than that of other age groups, thus pointing to infants and children as the most vulnerable age group due to drinking water intake in the study area. Different water management options are suggested to improve the health situation of the population now drinking nitrate-polluted groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbolat Sailaukhanuly
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.K.)
- Central Asian Institute for Ecological Research, 300/26 Dostyk Ave., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Seitkhan Azat
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Makhabbat Kunarbekova
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Adylkhan Tovassarov
- Central Asian Institute for Ecological Research, 300/26 Dostyk Ave., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Kainaubek Toshtay
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (K.T.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhandos Tauanov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (K.T.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lars Carlsen
- Awareness Center, Linkøpingvej 35, Trekroner, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Ronny Berndtsson
- Division of Water Resources Engineering & Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Influence of water quality and pollution on broiler's performance, vaccine and antibiotic efficiencies. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Good water quality for livestock is critical for preserving animal health, ensuring the quality of animal products, supplying safe food, and increasing food production economics. Higher water levels of toxic compounds than permitted can impair meat, fat, eggs, and milk production, lower fertility, and represent public health hazards. Water picks up pollutants from its surroundings and those caused by animal and human activities. Many physicochemical parameters were used to ensure water quality, including pH, salt, taste, color, alkalinity, odor, and hardness. Water quality, directly and indirectly, impacts livestock performance and, thus, the poultry industry. Employing drinking water as a carrier of drugs still faces substantial barriers. The effectiveness of vaccinations and drugs is affected by inadequate water quality. Furthermore, contaminated water and poor nutrition negatively affect broiler chicken immunity, survival, and production. Antibiotics are widely utilized in poultry production to preserve animal health and growth. They can eliminate harmful bacteria in the gut, reduce the load on the immune system, optimize the digestive system, and boost growth performance. However, the abuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture has resulted in antibiotic-resistant infections threatening people and animals. As a result of its positive impact on the metabolome and gut microbiome, the natural antimicrobial combination could be used as an alternative; improving broiler chicken growth performance without negatively affecting the environment is currently paramount.
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Naghdi S, Shahrestani MM, Zendehbad M, Djahaniani H, Kazemian H, Eder D. Recent advances in application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbent and catalyst in removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130127. [PMID: 36303355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the aquatic environment is causing widespread concern due to their bioaccumulation, toxicity, and possible environmental risk. These contaminants are produced daily in large quantities and released into water bodies. Traditional wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at degrading these pollutants. As a result, the development of long-term and effective POP removal techniques is critical. In water, adsorption removal and photocatalytic degradation of POPs have been identified as energy and cost-efficient solutions. Both technologies have received a lot of attention for their efforts to treat the world's wastewater. Photocatalytic removal of POPs is a promising, effective, and long-lasting method, while adsorption removal of persistent POPs represents a simple, practical method, particularly in decentralized systems and isolated areas. It is critical to develop new adsorbents/photocatalysts with the desired structure, tunable chemistry, and maximum adsorption sites for highly efficient removal of POPs. As a class of recently created multifunctional porous materials, Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tremendous prospects in adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of POPs for water remediation. This review defines POPs and discusses current research on adsorptive and photocatalytic POP removal using emerging MOFs for each type of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Naghdi
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Masoumeh Moheb Shahrestani
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Zendehbad
- Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hoorieh Djahaniani
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - Dominik Eder
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Gis-Based Assessment of Risk for Drinking Water Contamination to Children’s Health in Rural Settlements. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nitrates and heavy metals are two of the most significant groundwater pollutants that have an impact on people’s health all around the world. In order to assess their risk to children’s health, this study aims to determine the total iron, manganese, and nitrate content in drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply of the educational institutions in the rural settlements of Zhytomyr region. A total of 114 water samples from wells and bores used by the educational institutions to supply domestic and drinking water to rural residential areas were collected. The Measurement Laboratory of Polissia National University conducted analytical studies. The danger to children’s health was evaluated using the hazard quotient and following the methodology recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The software ArcGIS Pro was used to identify risk zones.
The average total iron content in the drinking water of the Berdichev, Zhytomyr, and Novohrad-Volinsky districts was 1.5–2.8 times higher. In all regions, the average manganese concentration did not go above the allowable level. On average, the nitrate content was also below the threshold, but in 22.6–42.9% of the samples, it exceeded the allowable level. Children aged 6–12 years were at the highest risk, and children living in Berdichev district had the highest hazard quotient at 1.972. The fact that nitrates accounted for 67–84% of the total risk indicates the danger associated with the intake of nitrates, even in amounts below the allowable concentration.
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