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Hussain M, Hafeez A, Rizwan M, Rasheed R, Seleiman MF, Ashraf MA, Ali S, Farooq U, Nafees M. Pervasive influence of heavy metals on metabolic pathways is potentially relieved by hesperidin to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of Bassia scoparia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34526-34549. [PMID: 38709411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hesperidin (HSP), a flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant, metal chelator, mediator of signaling pathways, and regulator of metal uptake in plants. The study examined the ameliorative effects of HSP (100 μM) on Bassia scoparia grown under excessive levels of heavy metals (zinc (500 mg kg-1), copper (400 mg kg-1), cadmium (100 mg kg-1), and chromium (100 mg kg-1)). The study clarifies the underlying mechanisms by which HSP lessens metabolic mayhem to enhance metal stress tolerance and phytoremediation efficiency of Bassia scoparia. Plants manifested diminished growth because of a drop in chlorophyll content and nutrient acquisition, along with exacerbated deterioration of cellular membranes reflected in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and relative membrane permeability. Besides the colossal production of cytotoxic methylglyoxal, the activity of lipoxygenase was also higher in plants under metal toxicity. Conversely, hesperidin suppressed the production of cytotoxic ROS and methylglyoxal. Hesperidin improved oxidative defense that protected membrane integrity. Hesperidin caused a more significant accumulation of osmolytes, non-protein thiols, and phytochelatins, thereby rendering metal ions non-toxic. Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide endogenous levels were intricately maintained higher in plants treated with HSP. Hesperidin increased metal accumulation in Bassia scoparia and thereby had the potential to promote the reclamation of metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Hafeez
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 21023, Jiangsu, China
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Hasanuzzaman M, Nowroz F, Raihan MRH, Siddika A, Alam MM, Prasad PVV. Application of biochar and humic acid improves the physiological and biochemical processes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in conferring plant tolerance to arsenic-induced oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1562-1575. [PMID: 38047999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) and humic acid (HA) are well-documented in metal/metalloid detoxification, but their regulatory role in conferring plant oxidative stress under arsenic (As) stress is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the role of BC and HA (0.2 and 0.4 g kg-1 soil) in the detoxification of As (0.25 mM sodium arsenate) toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BRRI dhan75). Arsenic exhibited an increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and proline content which were 32, 30, 9, and 89% higher compared to control. In addition, the antioxidant defense system of rice consisting of non-enzyme antioxidants (18 and 43% decrease in ascorbate and glutathione content) and enzyme activities (23-50% reduction over control) was decreased as a result of As toxicity. The damaging effect of As was prominent in plant height, biomass acquisition, tiller number, and relative water content. Furthermore, chlorophyll and leaf area also exhibited a decreasing trend due to toxicity. Arsenic exposure also disrupted the glyoxalase system (23 and 33% decrease in glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities). However, the application of BC and HA recovered the reactive oxygen species-induced damages in plants, upregulated the effectiveness of the ascorbate-glutathione pool, and accelerated the activities of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase enzymes. These positive roles of BC and HA ultimately resulted in improved plant characteristics with better plant-water status and regulated proline content that conferred As stress tolerance in rice. So, it can be concluded that BC and HA effectively mitigated As-induced physiology and oxidative damage in rice plants. Therefore, BC and HA could be used as potential soil amendments in As-contaminated rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Farzana Nowroz
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakib Hossain Raihan
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahabub Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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Uddin MM, Chen Z, Xu F, Huang L. Physiological and Cellular Ultrastructural Responses of Sesuvium portulacastrum under Cd Stress Grown Hydroponically. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3381. [PMID: 37836122 PMCID: PMC10574335 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the physiological and cellular mechanisms of Sesuvium portulacastrum under heavy metal stress to evaluate possible tolerance and adaptation mechanisms in a metal-polluted environment. The physiological and cellular ultrastructural responses of S. portulacastrum were studied hydroponically under exposure to a range of cadmium (Cd) concentrations (50 µM to 600 µM) for 28 days. The activity of antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), changes in chlorophyll, and cellular ultrastructural content were examined. There was no significant difference in chlorophyll content in the leaf under the stress of 300 μM, but 400 μM and 600 μM Cd stress showed significantly decreased chlorophyll content. The SOD activity indicates an increase under the Cd stress of 100 μM for leaves, 300 μM for stems, and 50 μM for roots; after that, the SOD activity gradually decreased with increasing Cd concentrations. But POD activity was considerably increased with increasing Cd stress. CAT activity showed a gradual increase in concentrations until 300 μM of Cd stress and then decreased sharply in roots, stems, and leaf tissues. Cd stress had a considerable impact on the structure of the roots, stems, and leaves cells, such as distorted and thinner cell walls and the deformation of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and other organelles. Therefore, the increased number of nucleolus in the cell nucleus suggests that cells may be able to maintain their protein synthesis in a stressful environment. This study concludes that SOD is the dominant antioxidant enzyme activity during low Cd toxicity (<100 μM), while POD is the dominant enzyme activity during higher Cd toxicity (>100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mazbah Uddin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Zhenfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Fuliu Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Lingfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
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