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Reddy R, Baijnath S, Singh S, Moodley R, Naicker T, Govender N. Hesperidin improves physiological outcomes in an arginine vasopressin rat model of pre-eclampsia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:341-350. [PMID: 37652562 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesperidin, a flavanone commonly found in citrus fruits and herbal formulations, has emerged as a potential new therapeutic agent for modulating several diseases. Since pre-eclampsia is a growing public health threat, it may negatively impact the economy and increase the disease burden of South Africa. Phytocompounds are easily accessible, demonstrate minimal side effects, and may confer novel medicinal options as a treatment and preventive preference. OBJECTIVE To investigate the physiological, biochemical, and hematological outcomes of hesperidin in an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced rodent model of pre-eclampsia. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver AVP (200 ng/h) subcutaneously. Animals were treated with hesperidin at 200 mg/kg.b.w via oral gavage for 14 days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured on GD 7, 14, and 18 using a non-invasive tail-cuff method and were euthanized on GD 21. RESULTS The findings showed that hesperidin administration significantly decreased blood pressure (P < 0.05) and urinary protein levels in pregnant rats (P < 0.001). Placental and individual pup weight also increased significantly in the pregnant hesperidin-treated groups compared to AVP untreated groups (P < 0.001). Biochemical and hematological markers such as white blood cell count and lymphocyte levels differed significantly (P < 0.05) in AVP groups treated with and without hesperidin. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hesperidin is an antihypertensive agent with modes of action associated with its diuretic and blood pressure lowering effects and reduction of proteinuria in AVP-induced pre-eclamptic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reddy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanil Singh
- Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Nabil I, Eid AA, Yassin HA, Abouelrous RA, Solaiman AA. Protective role of hesperidin in finasteride-induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats: Insights into oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ultrastructure of seminiferous tubules. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108535. [PMID: 38216069 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
A negative impact of finasteride on fertility has been reported, in which over production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were implicated. Hesperidin, a plant-derived bioflavonoid with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, may mitigate these adverse effects. In order to investigate the possible protective role of hesperidin against finasteride-induced seminiferous tubules toxicity in adult male Wistar rats, 60 rats were randomized into five groups (I-V) receiving distilled water, 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, hesperidin, finasteride, and combined hesperidin and finasteride respectively. Testicular weight, sperm count and motility were determined. Testicular tissue homogenates were prepared to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the gene expression of caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). Testes were processed for light and electron microscopic evaluation. Johnsen score was calculated. Administration of finasteride resulted in significantly decreased testicular weights, sperm count and motility, Johnsen score, tissue levels of TAC and GSH together with significant increase in tissue MDA. Gene expression revealed significantly increased caspase-3 and decreased Bcl2. Furthermore, finasteride disrupted the seminiferous tubules, causing degenerative changes affecting Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. Co-administration of hesperidin with finasteride resulted in improvement in testicular weights, TAC, GSH, Bcl2, Johnsen score, sperm count and motility as well as preservation of the structure of the seminiferous tubules. To conclude, hesperidin was found to have a protective potential on finasteride-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and testicular structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Nabil
- Department of Histology & Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Abulfotooh Eid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hend A Yassin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana Ahmed Abouelrous
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany A Solaiman
- Department of Histology & Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Elbasan F, Arikan B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Tofan A, Yildiztugay E. Hesperidin and chlorogenic acid mitigate arsenic-induced oxidative stress via redox regulation, photosystems-related gene expression, and antioxidant efficiency in the chloroplasts of Zea mays. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108445. [PMID: 38402801 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous metalloid arsenic (As), which is not essential, can be found extensively in the soil and subterranean water of numerous nations, raising substantial apprehensions due to its impact on both agricultural productivity and sustainability. Plants exposed to As often display morphological, physiological, and growth-related abnormalities, collectively leading to reduced productivity. Polyphenols, operating as secondary messengers within the intricate signaling networks of plants, assume integral functions in the acquisition of resistance to diverse environmental stressors, including but not limited to drought, salinity, and exposure to heavy metals. The pivotal roles played by polyphenols in these adaptive processes underscore their profound significance in plant biology. This study aims to elucidate the impact of hesperidin (HP) and chlorogenic acid (CA), recognized as potent bioactive compounds, on maize plants exposed to As. To achieve this objective, the study examined the physiological and biochemical impacts, including growth parameters, photosynthesis, and chloroplastic antioxidants, of HP (100 μM) and CA (50 μM) on Zea mays plants exposed to arsenate stress (AsV, 100 μM - Na2HAsO4⋅7H2O). As toxicity led to reductions in fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) by 33% and 26%, respectively. However, the application of As+HP and As + CA increased FW by 22% and 40% and DW by 14% and 17%, respectively, alleviating the effects of As stress. As toxicity resulted in the up-regulation of PSII genes (psbA and psbD) and PSI genes (psaA and psaB), indicating a potential response to the re-formation of degraded regions, likely driven by the heightened demand for photosynthesis. Exogenous HP or/and CA treatments effectively counteracted the adverse effects of As toxicity on the photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). H2O2 content showed a 23% increase under As stress, and this increase was evident in guard cells when examining confocal microscopy images. In the presence of As toxicity, the chloroplastic antioxidant capacity can exhibit varying trends, with either a decrease or increase observed. After the application of CA and/or HP, a significant increase was observed in the activity of GR, APX, GST, and GPX enzymes, resulting in decreased levels of H2O2 and MDA. Additionally, the enhanced functions of MDHAR and DHAR have modulated the redox status of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). The HP or CA-mediated elevated levels of AsA and GSH content further contributed to the preservation of redox homeostasis in chloroplasts facing stress induced by As. In summary, the inclusion of HP and CA in the growth medium sustained plant performance in the presence of As toxicity by regulating physiological and biochemical characteristics, chloroplastic antioxidant enzymes, the AsA-GSH cycle and photosynthesis processes, thereby demonstrating their significant potential to confer resistance to maize through the mitigation of As-induced oxidative damage and the safeguarding of photosynthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Elbasan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Busra Arikan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Aysenur Tofan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
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Adedara AO, Bressan GN, Dos Santos MM, Fachinetto R, Abolaji AO, Barbosa NV. Antioxidant responses driven by Hesperetin and Hesperidin counteract Parkinson's disease-like phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2024; 101:117-127. [PMID: 38423185 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the protective effects of Hesperetin (HSP) and Hesperidin (HSD) on 1 methyl, 4 phenyl, 1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). After a lifespan study to select exposure time and concentrations, flies were co-exposed to MPTP (0.4 mg/g diet), Hesperetin (0.2 and 0.4 mg/g diet), and Hesperidin (0.1 and 0.4 mg/g) for 7 days. In addition to in vivo parameters, we assayed some markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, thiol content, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrate/nitrite levels, mRNA expression of Keap-1 (Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1), /Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2), catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities), and cholinergic (acetyl cholinesterase activity (AChE) and dopaminergic signaling content and the mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase (MAO-like) activity). In addition to increasing the lifespan of flies, we found that both flavonoids counteracted the adverse effects of MPTP on survival, offspring emergence, and climbing ability of flies. Both flavonoids also reduced the oxidative damage on lipids and proteins and reestablished the basal levels of pro-oxidant species and activities of antioxidant enzymes in MPTP-exposed flies. These responses were accompanied by the normalization of the mRNA expression of Keap1/Nrf2 disrupted in flies exposed to MPTP. MPTP exposure also elicited changes in mRNA expression and content of TH as well as in MAO and AChE activity, which were reversed by HST and HSD. By efficiently hindering the oxidative stress in MPTP-exposed flies, our findings support the promising role of Hesperetin and Hesperidin as adjuvant therapy to manage Parkinsonism induced by chemicals such as MPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Oluwatosin Adedara
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Drosophila Laboratory, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Getúlio Nicola Bressan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Mulling Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Amos Olalekan Abolaji
- Drosophila Laboratory, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Duan B, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Liu Z, Tao N. Octanal enhances disease resistance in postharvest citrus fruit by the biosynthesis and metabolism of aromatic amino acids. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 200:105835. [PMID: 38582597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Octanal was found to be able to reduce green mold incidence in citrus fruit by a defense response mechanism. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Herein, the metabolomics, RNA-seq and biochemical analyses were integrated to explore the effect of octanal on disease resistance in harvested citrus fruit. Results showed that octanal fumigation at 40 μL L-1 was effective in controlling citrus green mold. Metabolomics analysis showed that octanal mainly led to the accumulation of some plant hormones including methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indoleacetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid, and gibberellic acid and many phenylpropanoid metabolites including cinnamyl alcohol, hesperidin, dihydrokaempferol, vanillin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, curcumin, naringin, chrysin, coniferin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone. Particularly, IAA and hesperidin were dramatically accumulated in the peel, which might be the contributors to the resistance response. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that octanal greatly activated the biosynthesis and metabolism of aromatic amino acids. This was further verified by the accumulation of some metabolites (shikimic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, IAA, total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin), increase in some enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), up-regulation of some genes (tryptophan pyruvate aminotransferase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, shikimate kinase and shikimate dehydrogenase) expressions and molecular docking results. Thus, these results indicate that octanal is an efficient strategy for the control of postharvest green mold by triggering the defense response in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhao Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China.
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Zhang F, Lv T, Li J, Lian J, Wu H, Jin Y, Jia F, Zhang X. Citrate synthase lysine K215 hypoacetylation contributes to microglial citrate accumulation and pro-inflammatory functions after traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14567. [PMID: 38421106 PMCID: PMC10851320 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microglial metabolism and neuroinflammation by examining the impact of citrate accumulation in microglia and its potential regulation through Cs K215 hypoacetylation. METHODS Experimental approaches included assessing Cs enzyme activity through Cs K215Q mutation and investigating the inhibitory effects of hesperidin, a natural flavanone glycoside, on citrate synthase. Microglial phagocytosis and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also examined in relation to Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin treatment. RESULTS Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Cs enzyme activity, microglial citrate accumulation, phagocytosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, Sirt3 knockdown aggravated microglial pro-inflammatory functions during neuroinflammation, despite its proven role in Cs deacetylation. CONCLUSION Cs K215Q mutation and hesperidin effectively inhibited microglial pro-inflammatory functions without reversing the metabolic reprogramming. These findings suggest that targeting Cs K215 hypoacetylation and utilizing hesperidin may hold promise for modulating neuroinflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchen Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yichao Jin
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryNantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryRen Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Nie T, Wang X, Li A, Shan A, Ma J. The promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation by hesperidin via activating SIRT1/PGC1α to improve NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:372-386. [PMID: 38099440 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reducing fat deposits in hepatocytes is a direct treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the fatty acid metabolic processes mediated by fatty acid β-oxidation are important for the prevention of NAFLD. In this study, we established high-fat-diet models in vitro and in vivo to investigate the mechanism by which hesperidin (HDN) prevents NAFLD by modulating fatty acid β oxidation. Based on LC-MS screening of differential metabolites, many metabolites involved in phospholipid and lipid metabolism were found to be significantly altered and closely associated with fatty acid β-oxidation. The results from COIP experiments indicated that HDN increased the deacetylation of PGC1α by SIRT1. In addition, the results of CETSA and molecular docking experiments suggest that HDN targeting of SIRT1 plays an important role in their stable binding. Meanwhile, it was found that HDN reduced fatty acid uptake and synthesis and promoted the expression of SIRT1/PGC1α and fatty acid β-oxidation, and the latter process was inhibited after transfection to knockdown SIRT1. The results suggest that HDN improves NAFLD by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation through activating SIRT1/PGC1α. Thus, the findings indicate that HDN may be a potential drug for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Aqun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
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Dong K, Sun Y, Gao X, Wang J, Wu X, Guo C. Mixed micelles loaded with hesperidin protect against acetaminophen induced acute liver injury by inhibiting the mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113656. [PMID: 37984191 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of drug-induced acute liver failure, and the pathogenesis has not been elucidated and there is a lack of effective drugs. Hesperidin (Hes), a rich flavanone in citrus peel with excellent biological activities, is a potential agent for treatment liver injury. Due to poor water solubility of Hes, this study prepared mixed micelles using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K17) and poloxamer 188, and encapsulated Hes (Hes-MMs). The results showed that Hes-MMs exhibited a uniform spherical shape with a particle size of 66.80 ± 0.83 nm, and Hes-MMs significantly improved the dispersibility, antioxidant activity, and cellular uptake of Hes. In vitro results showed that Hes-MMs protected the proliferation inhibition of HepG2 cells induced by APAP, inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the damage of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) induced by APAP. Furthermore, Hes-MMs exerted liver protective effects by inhibiting APAP induced mtDNA release and activating the cGAS-STING pathway. In vivo results demonstrated that Hes-MMs showed protective and therapeutic effects on APAP induced liver injury, and their mechanisms were related to the mtDNA-cGAS-STING signaling pathway. In summary, our study demonstrated that the mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway was involved in APAP induced acute liver injury, and Hes-MMs might be a potential therapeutic agent for treating APAP induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Pan S, Xu X, Wu T. Effects and Mechanisms of Resveratrol on the Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1529-1538. [PMID: 36376613 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the adhesion and surface properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, five common polyphenols in fruits and vegetables, including resveratrol, epicatechin, quercetin, hesperidin, and caffeic acid, were screened, and the reasons for resveratrol promoting adhesion were systematically explained. The results showed that resveratrol could significantly enhance NCFM adhesion to mucin (1.73 fold), followed by epicatechin (1.47 fold), caffeic acid (1.30 fold), and hesperidin (0.99 fold), while quercetin had a certain degree of inhibition (0.84 fold). The effects of these polyphenols on surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation of NCFM were consistent with adhesion results. Then, how resveratrol promotes NCFM adhesion was further explored. The results of the proteomic analysis showed that resveratrol changed the surface layer proteins of NCFM, involving 4 up-regulated proteins and 12 down-regulated proteins. In addition, resveratrol promoted the expression of mucin genes and the glycosylation of mucins on the HT-29 cell surface. Our results indicate that resveratrol changes the surface layer proteins of NCFM to modify surface properties and adhere to mucins. Meanwhile, resveratrol promotes expression and glycosylation of mucins in HT-29 cells. Our findings provide theoretical support for an in-depth explanation of the interaction among resveratrol, NCFM, and the HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Hu HY, Zhang ZZ, Jiang XY, Duan TH, Feng W, Wang XG. Hesperidin Anti-Osteoporosis by Regulating Estrogen Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:6987. [PMID: 37836830 PMCID: PMC10574669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is distinguished by a reduction in bone mass and degradation of bone micro-structure, frequently resulting in fractures. As the geriatric demographic expands, the incidence of affected individuals progressively rises, thereby exerting a significant impact on the quality of life experienced by individuals. The flavonoid compound hesperidin has been subject to investigation regarding its effects on skeletal health, albeit the precise mechanisms through which it operates remain ambiguous. This study utilized network pharmacology to predict the core targets and signaling pathways implicated in the anti-OP properties of hesperidin. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to confirm the stability of the interaction between hesperidin and the core targets. The effects of hesperidin on osteoblastic cells MC3T3-E1 were assessed using MTT, ELISA, alkaline phosphatase assay, and RT-qPCR techniques. Furthermore, in vivo experiments were conducted to determine the potential protective effects of hesperidin on zebrafish bone formation and oxidative stress response. The results demonstrate that network pharmacology has identified 10 key target points, significantly enriched in the estrogen signaling pathway. Hesperidin exhibits notable promotion of MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and significantly enhances ALP activity. ELISA measurements indicate an elevation in NO levels and a reduction in IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis consistently reveals that hesperidin significantly modulates the mRNA levels of ESR1, SRC, AKT1, and NOS3 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Hesperidin promotes osteogenesis and reduces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Additionally, we validate the stable and tight binding of hesperidin with ESR1, SRC, AKT1, and NOS3 through molecular dynamics simulations. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis provides evidence that hesperidin may exert its effects on alleviating OP through the activation of the estrogen signaling pathway via ESR1. This activation leads to the upregulation of SRC, AKT, and eNOS, resulting in an increase in NO levels. Furthermore, hesperidin promotes osteoblast-mediated bone formation and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating oxidative stress associated with OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yao Hu
- Jilin Medical Products Administration, Changchun 130000, China;
| | - Ze-Zhao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Xiao-Ya Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Tian-Hua Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
| | - Xin-Guo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; (Z.-Z.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (T.-H.D.)
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Shaban SF, Khattab MA, Abd El Hameed SH, Abdelrahman SA. Evaluating the histomorphological and biochemical changes induced by Tributyltin Chloride on pituitary-testicular axis of adult albino rats and the possible ameliorative role of hesperidin. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:304-323. [PMID: 36988127 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2195489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to explore in detail the toxic effects of Tributyltin Chloride (TBT) on the pituitary-testicular axis and the possible amelioration with Hesperidin. Seventy-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Control group (I), TBT-treated group (II), TBT+Hesperidin group (III), and Recovery group (IV). Body and testicular weights were measured. Blood samples were taken to estimate serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured in testes homogenates. Tissue samples from the pituitary glands and testes were processed for light, electron microscope examination, and immunohistochemical detection of anti-FSH, and Ki67 proteins. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in testicular weight, serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels and a significant increase in tissue MDA in the TBT group when compared to the control group. TBT treatment caused severe histopathological changes with decreased area percent of PAS-stained basophils, and anti FSH immuno-stained gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland. The testes of group II also showed marked tissue damage, cell loss with decreased epithelial height and decreased number of proliferating spermatogenic cells. Hesperidin supplementation with TBT proved significant amelioration of the previously mentioned parameters in both glands which could improve male fertility. In conclusion: The flavonoid Hesperidin has the potential to protect against the reproductive damage induced by TBT in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar F Shaban
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha A Khattab
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abd El Hameed
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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12
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Cisse S, Bahut M, Marais C, Zemb O, Chicoteau P, Benarbia MEA, Guilet D. Fine characterization and microbiota assessment as keys to understanding the positive effect of standardized natural citrus extract on broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad069. [PMID: 36881787 PMCID: PMC10032183 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect and composition of a standardized natural citrus extract (SNCE) on both broiler chickens' growth performances and intestinal microbiota. A total of 930 one-day-old males were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: a control treatment (CTL) in which broiler chickens were fed with a standard diet and two citrus treatments in which broiler chickens were fed with the same standard diet supplemented with 250 ppm and 2,500 ppm of SNCE, respectively. Each dietary treatment was composed of 10 experimental units (pen) of 31 broiler chickens each. Growth performances such as feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly until day 42. Litter quality was also weekly recorded while mortality was daily recorded. One broiler chicken was randomly selected from each pen (10 chickens/group) and ceca samples were collected for microbiota analysis at day 7 and 42. Chromatographic methods were used to determine molecules that enter into the composition of the SNCE. Results from the characterization of SNCE allowed to identify pectic oligosaccharides (POS) as a major component of the SNCE. In addition, 35 secondary metabolites, including eriocitrin, hesperidin, and naringin, were identified. The experiment performed on broiler chickens showed that the final body weight of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with SNCE was higher than those fed the CTL diets (P < 0.01). Broiler cecal microbiota was impacted by age (P < 0.01) but not by the dietary supplementation of SNCE. Results indicate that SNCE allowed enhancing chickens' performances without any modulation of the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. The characterization of SNCE allowed to identify compounds such as eriocitrin, naringin, hesperidin, and POS. Thus, opening new horizons for a better understanding of the observed effect on broiler chickens' growth performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhou Cisse
- Substances d’origines naturelles et analogues structuraux (SONAS), Structure fédérative de la recherche Qualité et Santé du Végétal, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Nor-Feed SAS, 3 rue Amedeo Avogadro, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
- FeedInTech, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Muriel Bahut
- Analyse des acides nucléiques (ANAN), Structure fédérative de la recherche Qualité et Santé du Végétal, University of Angers F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Coralie Marais
- Analyse des acides nucléiques (ANAN), Structure fédérative de la recherche Qualité et Santé du Végétal, University of Angers F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, ENVT, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Chicoteau
- Nor-Feed SAS, 3 rue Amedeo Avogadro, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
- FeedInTech, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mohammed El Amine Benarbia
- Nor-Feed SAS, 3 rue Amedeo Avogadro, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
- FeedInTech, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - David Guilet
- Substances d’origines naturelles et analogues structuraux (SONAS), Structure fédérative de la recherche Qualité et Santé du Végétal, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- FeedInTech, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
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Wu F, Lei H, Chen G, Chen C, Song Y, Cao Z, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhou J, Lu Y, Zhang L. Multiomics Analyses Reveal That Long-Term Intake of Hesperetin-7- O-glucoside Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:14831-14840. [PMID: 36383360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (Hes-7-G) is a typical flavonoid monoglucoside, which can be generated from hesperidin with the removal of rhamnose by hydrolysis. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics together with 16S rRNA gene sequencing were employed to explore the exact absorption site of Hes-7-G and its beneficial effect in mice. Intestinal 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics screening showed that Hes-7-G is mainly metabolized in the small intestine of mice, especially the ileum segment. Quantification analysis of bile acids (BAs) in the liver, intestinal tract, feces, and serum of mice suggests that Hes-7-G intake accelerates the processes of biosynthesis and excretion of BAs, thus promoting digestion and lowing hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals that Hes-7-G significantly elevates the diversity of the gut microbiota in mice, especially those bacteria associated with BA secondary metabolism. These results demonstrated that long-term dietary Hes-7-G plays beneficial roles in health by modulating the gut bacteria and BA metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Company, Limited, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou, Guangdong 514021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Company, Limited, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Zhang G, Cao S, Guo T, Wang H, Qi X, Ren X, Niu C. Identification and expression profiles of gustatory receptor genes in Bactrocera minax larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae): Role of BminGR59f in larval growth. Insect Sci 2022; 29:1240-1250. [PMID: 35146929 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects employ various types of gustatory receptors (GRs) to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances. The larval gustatory system is the critical checkpoint for food acceptance or rejection. As a specialist herbivore, the larvae of Bactrocera minax feed only on unripe citrus fruits. However, how larvae use GRs to check and adapt to the secondary metabolites in unripe citrus fruits remains unknown. In this study, we first performed developmental expression profiles showing that most BminGRs genes were highly expressed in 1st and 2nd instar larvae and that tissue-specific expression indicated high expression of most BminGRs genes in the mouthparts of 2nd instar larvae. Furthermore, we found that silencing BminGR59f by RNA interference (RNAi) affected the growth of 2nd instar B. minax larvae. Hesperidin and naringin were screened as ligands of BminGR59f via RNAi and cell calcium imaging, and the combination of these two flavones increased the body weight of larvae. In summary, we identified a novel gustatory perception pattern in B. minax for detecting hesperidin and naringin, which boosted the growth of B. minax larvae. These results shed light on how specialist herbivores detect and adapt to host metabolites in adverse environments depending on larval GRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueming Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhao X, Tang Z, Yue C, Tan Z, Huang B. [Hesperidin Regulates Jagged1/Notch1 Pathway to Promote Macrophage Polarization and Alleviate Lung Injury in Mice with Bronchiolitis]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2022; 44:777-784. [PMID: 36325774 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of hesperidin in treating the lung injury in the mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis. Methods A mouse model of RSV-induced bronchiolitis was established,and 60 BALB/c mice were assigned into a control group,a model group,a low-dose hesperidin (18 mg/kg) group,a high-dose hesperidin (36 mg/kg) group,and a high-dose hesperidin (36 mg/kg)+Jagged1(1 mg/kg) group by random number table method,with 12 mice in each group. Corresponding doses of drugs were administrated for intervention,and the control group and model group were administrated with the same amount of saline.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected and alveolar macrophages were isolated.ELISA was employed to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-4,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and IL-10 in BALF,and flow cytometry to detect the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages.qRT-PCR and Western blotting were respectively conducted to detect the mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),arginase 1 (Arg-1),Jagged1,and Notch1 in the lung tissue. Results Compared with the control group,the modeling of RSV-induced bronchiolitis elevated the IL-4,IL-6,and TNF-α levels,increased the proportion of M1-type macrophages and the lung inflammation and mucus secretion scores,and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS,Jagged1,and Notch1 in BALF (all P<0.001).Meanwhile,the modeling lowered the IL-10 level,decreased the proportion of M2-type macrophages,and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Arg-1 (all P<0.001).Compared with the model group,low- and high-dose hesperidin lowered the IL-4,IL-6,TNF-α levels,decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages and the lung inflammation and mucus secretion scores,and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS,Jagged1,and Notch1 in BALF (all P<0.05).Moreover,hesperidin elevated the IL-10 level,increased the proportion of M2-type macrophages,and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Arg-1 (all P<0.001).Using recombinant Jagged1 protein to activate Notch1 signaling pathway can significantly attenuate the promotion of high-dose hesperidin on M2 macrophage polarization and amelioration of lung inflammation damage (all P<0.01). Conclusion Hesperidin may alleviate the lung inflammation damage in mice with RSV-induced bronchiolitis by inhibiting the Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathway and promoting the M2-type polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China
| | - Zhengzhen Tang
- Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China
| | - Chun Yue
- Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China
| | - Zongping Tan
- Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China
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Gao G, Nakamura S, Asaba S, Miyata Y, Nakayama H, Matsui T. Hesperidin Preferentially Stimulates Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1, Leading to NO Production and Mas Receptor Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:11290-11300. [PMID: 36039965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, the mechanism of vasorelaxant Mas receptor (MasR) expression elevated by hesperidin in spontaneously hypertensive rats was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were cultured with 1 μM hesperidin for 2 h, following the measurements of nitric oxide (NO) production and vasomotor-related receptors' expression. Hesperidin significantly promoted NO production (224.1 ± 18.3%, P < 0.01 vs control) in the HUVECs. Only the MasR expression was upregulated (141.2 ± 12.5%, P < 0.05 vs control), whereas a MasR antagonist did not alter the hesperidin-induced NO production. When a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was knocked down by silencing RNA or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were inhibited, the increased MasR expression by hesperidin was abrogated. The inhibitions of CaMKII and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) abolished the hesperidin-induced NO production. The structure-activity relationship analysis of flavonoids demonstrated that the B ring of the twisted flavonoid skeleton with a hydroxy group at the 3' position was a crucial factor for TRPV1 stimulation. Taken together, it was demonstrated that hesperidin may stimulate TRPV1-mediated cascades, leading to the activation of two signaling axes, CaMKII/p38 MAPK/MasR expression and CaMKII/eNOS/NO production in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhen Gao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saya Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sumire Asaba
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyata
- Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Nakayama
- Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki, 2-1303-8 Ikeda, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0026, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Li X, Yao Y, Wang Y, Hua L, Wu M, Chen F, Deng ZY, Luo T. Effect of Hesperidin Supplementation on Liver Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota in a High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD Mice Model. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:11224-11235. [PMID: 36048007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the impact of hesperidin (HES) on nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). C57BL/6J male mice were administered a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus 0.2% (wt/wt) HES (HFD + HES) diet. After 16 weeks of intervention, the mice in the HFD+HES group showed a lower final body weight and liver weight and improved serum lipid profiles when compared with the HFD group. Alleviation of liver dysfunction induced by HFD was observed in HES-fed mice, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was also altered. Moreover, HES changed the composition of the intestinal microbiota and enriched specific genera such as Bacteroidota. Liver metabolomics analysis indicated that HES enhanced the abundance of metabolites in arginine-related as well as mitochondrial oxidation-related pathways, and these metabolites were predicted to be positively correlated with the gut genera enriched by HES. Together, these results indicate that HFD-fed mice supplemented with HES showed a markedly regulated hepatic metabolism concurrent with shifts in specific gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yexuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611134, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Imperatrice M, Cuijpers I, Troost FJ, Sthijns MMJPE. Hesperidin Functions as an Ergogenic Aid by Increasing Endothelial Function and Decreasing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Thereby Contributing to Improved Exercise Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142955. [PMID: 35889917 PMCID: PMC9316530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of blood flow to peripheral muscles is crucial for proper skeletal muscle functioning and exercise performance. During exercise, increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to increased electron leakage and consequently induces an increase in ROS formation, contributing to DNA, lipid, and protein damage. Moreover, exercise may increase blood- and intramuscular inflammatory factors leading to a deterioration in endurance performance. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential mechanisms through which the polyphenol hesperidin could lead to enhanced exercise performance, namely improved endothelial function, reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation. We selected in vivo RCTs, animal studies, and in vitro studies in which hesperidin, its aglycone form hesperetin, hesperetin-metabolites, or orange juice are supplemented at any dosage and where the parameters related to endothelial function, oxidative stress, and/or inflammation have been measured. The results collected in this review show that hesperidin improves endothelial function (via increased NO availability), inhibits ROS production, decreases production and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers, and improves anaerobic exercise outcomes (e.g., power, speed, energy). For elite and recreational athletes, hesperidin could be used as an ergogenic aid to enhance muscle recovery between training sessions, optimize oxygen and nutrient supplies to the muscles, and improve anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Imperatrice
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 50, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
| | - Mireille M. J. P. E. Sthijns
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
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Zhang J, Jiang H, Wu F, Chi X, Pang Y, Jin H, Sun Y, Zhang S. Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperetin in Regulating Microglia Polarization after Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting TLR4/NF- κB Pathway. J Healthc Eng 2021; 2021:9938874. [PMID: 34956584 PMCID: PMC8709759 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of hesperidin on the polarization of microglia to clarify the key mechanism of regulating the polarization of M2 microglia. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into middle cerebral artery occlusion model group (MCAO group), MCAO + hesperidin treatment group (MCAO + hesperidin group), and sham group (sham operation group). The mice were assessed with neurological scores for their functional status. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to detect brain loss. The system with 1% O2, 5% CO2, and 92% N2 was applied to establish BV2 in vitro model induced by MCAO. TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels of cytokines in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of M1 iNOS, CD11b, CD32, and CD86, and mRNA levels of M2 CD206, Arg-1, and TGF-β. The Iba-1, iNOS, and Arg-1 of microglia and protein levels of TLR4 and p-NF-κB related to the pathway were detected by Western blot. After treatment with hesperidin, BV2 cells induced by MCAO in vitro can reduce the proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly, further upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines of TGF-β, IL-10 while inhibiting TLR4 and p-NF-κB expression. The MCAO-induced BV2 cells treated by TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242 and NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 had similar polarization effects to those treated with hesperidin. This study found that hesperetin gavage treatment can improve the neurological deficit and regulate the polarization of microglia in MCAO mice. In vitro experiments further verified that hesperidin plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, thus providing new targets and strategies for neuroprotection and nerve repair after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Division of Liver Disease, Qiqihar Seventh Hospital, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Shicun Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
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Wang M, Fang L, Liu T, Chen X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Li Z. Discovery of 7-O-1, 2, 3-triazole hesperetin derivatives as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 342:109489. [PMID: 33905740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) may improve complex central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, a series of 7-O-1, 2, 3-triazole hesperetin derivatives was evaluated for their inhibition of cholinesterase, anti-neuroinflammatory, and neuroprotective activity. Among the hesperetin derivatives, compound a8 (7-O-((1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)hesperetin) possessed excellent anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (IC50 = 3.08 ± 0.29 μM) and exhibited good anti-neuroinflammatory activity (IC50 = 2.91 ± 0.47 μM) against NO production through remarkably blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation of P65. In addition, a8 showed a remarkable neuroprotective effect and lacked neurotoxicity up to 50 μM concentration. Furthermore, possessing significant self-mediated Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibitory activity, chelated biometals and reduced ROS production were found in compound a8. In the bi-directional transport assay, a8 exhibited a blood-brain barrier penetrating ability. In this study, the Morris water maze task showed that compound a8 significantly improved the learning and memory impairment of the scopolamine-induced AD mice model. Results highlighted the potential of compound a8 to be a potential MTDL for the development of anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Longji Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Nakazawa Y, Doki Y, Sugiyama Y, Kobayashi R, Nagai N, Morisita N, Endo S, Funakoshi-Tago M, Tamura H. Effect of Alpha-Glucosyl-Hesperidin Consumption on Lens Sclerosis and Presbyopia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020382. [PMID: 33673261 PMCID: PMC7917927 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Presbyopia is characterized by a decline in the ability to accommodate the lens. The most commonly accepted theory for the onset of presbyopia is an age-related increase in the stiffness of the lens. However, the cause of lens sclerosis remains unclear. With age, water microcirculation in the lens could change because of an increase in intracellular pressure. In the lens, the intracellular pressure is controlled by the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) 1 and TRPV4 feedback pathways. In this study, we tried to elucidate that administration of α-glucosyl-hesperidin (G-Hsd), previously reported to prevent nuclear cataract formation, affects lens elasticity and the distribution of TRPV channels and Aquaporin (AQP) channels to meet the requirement of intracellular pressure. As a result, the mouse control lens was significantly toughened compared to both the 1% and 2% G-Hsd mouse lens treatments. The anti-oxidant levels in the lens and plasma decreased with age; however, this decrease could be nullified with either 1% or 2% G-Hsd treatment in a concentration- and exposure time-dependent manner. Moreover, G-Hsd treatment affected the TRPV4 distribution, but not TRPV1, AQP0, and AQP5, in the peripheral area and could maintain intracellular pressure. These findings suggest that G-Hsd has great potential as a compound to prevent presbyopia and/or cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibako Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (R.K.); (M.F.-T.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5400-2689
| | - Yuri Doki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibako Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (R.K.); (M.F.-T.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibako Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (R.K.); (M.F.-T.); (H.T.)
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibako Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (R.K.); (M.F.-T.); (H.T.)
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Naoki Morisita
- R&D Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama 702-8006, Japan; (N.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Shin Endo
- R&D Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama 702-8006, Japan; (N.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibako Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (R.K.); (M.F.-T.); (H.T.)
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibako Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.S.); (R.K.); (M.F.-T.); (H.T.)
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Cho EJ, Lee YG, Chang J, Bae HJ. A High-Yield Process for Production of Biosugars and Hesperidin from Mandarin Peel Wastes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4286. [PMID: 32962056 PMCID: PMC7571014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, novel biorefinery processes for obtaining value-added chemicals such as biosugar and hesperidin from mandarin peel waste (MPW) are described. Herein, three different treatment methods were comparatively evaluated to obtain high yields of biosugar and hesperidin from MPW. Each method was determined by changes in the order of three processing steps, i.e., oil removal, hesperidin extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The order of the three steps was found to have a significant influence on the production yields. Biosugar and hesperidin production yields were highest with method II, where the processing steps were performed in the following order: oil removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, and hesperidin extraction. The maximum yields obtained with method II were 34.46 g of biosugar and 6.48 g of hesperidin per initial 100 g of dry MPW. Therefore, the methods shown herein are useful for the production of hesperidin and biosugar from MPW. Furthermore, the utilization of MPWs as sources of valuable materials may be of considerable economic benefits and has become increasingly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Cho
- Bio-energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yoon Gyo Lee
- Department of Bioenergy science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jihye Chang
- Department of Bioenergy science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Bio-energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Bioenergy science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (J.C.)
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23
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Zheng M, Lu S, Xing J. Enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of citrus hesperidin by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Food Chem 2020; 336:127539. [PMID: 32763730 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin hydrolysates (HHS) was produced by the hydrolysis of hesperidin (HDN) in previous studies. The potential components in HHS were identified by LC-MS, and minor components (MCS) in HHS were isolated. Antioxidant activities by radical-scavenging capacities, reducing capacity and β-carotene-linoleate assay, anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of HDN, HHS, MCS and henperetin (HTN) were investigated in present study. HHS showed higher radical scavenging activities, higher reducing capacity, and higher inhibitory activity in the β-carotene-linoleate assay than HDN. HHS inhibited the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines of RAW 264.7 cells more strongly than HDN. HHS also intensively inhibited α-glucosidase activity whereas HDN showed little activity. In addition, the effects of MCS on above activities showed it play a synergistic part with HTN. This work suggested that hydrolyzation of HDN enhance the activities, and provided valuable information on effective utilization of HDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zheng
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shengmin Lu
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianrong Xing
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
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24
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Qian X, Zhu F. Hesperetin protects crayfish Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 93:116-123. [PMID: 31302287 PMCID: PMC7111725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin is a natural flavanone compound, which mainly exists in lemons and oranges, and has potential antiviral and anticancer activities. In this study, hesperetin was used in a crayfish pathogen challenge to discover its effects on the innate immune system of invertebrates. The crayfish Procambarus clarkii was used as an experimental model and challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Pathogen challenge experiments showed that hesperetin treatment significantly reduced the mortality caused by WSSV infection, while the VP28 copies of WSSV were also reduced. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that hesperetin increased the expression of several innate immune-related genes, including NF-kappaB and C-type lectin. Further analysis showed that hesperetin treatment plays a positive effects on three immune parameters like total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. Nevertheless, whether or not infected with WSSV, hesperetin treatment would significantly increase the hemocyte apoptosis rates in crayfish. These results indicated that hesperetin could regulate the innate immunity of crayfish, and delaying and reducing the mortality after WSSV challenge. Therefore, the present study provided novel insights into the potential therapeutic or preventive functions associated with hesperetin to regulate crayfish immunity and protect crayfish against WSSV infection, provide certain theoretical basis for production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Fujitaka Y, Hamada H, Uesugi D, Kuboki A, Shimoda K, Iwaki T, Kiriake Y, Saikawa T. Synthesis of Daidzein Glycosides, α-Tocopherol Glycosides, Hesperetin Glycosides by Bioconversion and Their Potential for Anti-Allergic Functional-Foods and Cosmetics. Molecules 2019; 24:E2975. [PMID: 31426346 PMCID: PMC6721765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Daidzein is a common isoflavone, having multiple biological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and anti-aging. α-Tocopherol is the tocopherol isoform with the highest vitamin E activity including anti-allergic activity and anti-cancer activity. Hesperetin is a flavone, which shows potent anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds have shortcomings, i.e., water-insolubility and poor absorption after oral administration. The glycosylation of bioactive compounds can enhance their water-solubility, physicochemical stability, intestinal absorption, and biological half-life, and improve their bio- and pharmacological properties. They were transformed by cultured Nicotiana tabacum cells to 7-β-glucoside and 7-β-gentiobioside of daidzein, and 3'- and 7-β-glucosides, 3',7-β-diglucoside, and 7-β-gentiobioside of hesperetin. Daidzein and α-tocopherol were glycosylated by galactosylation with β-glucosidase to give 4'- and 7-β-galactosides of daidzein, which were new compounds, and α-tocopherol 6-β-galactoside. These nine glycosides showed higher anti-allergic activity, i.e., inhibitory activity toward histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, than their respective aglycones. In addition, these glycosides showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the corresponding aglycones. Glycosylation of daidzein, α-tocopherol, and hesperetin greatly improved their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujitaka
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Uesugi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Kuboki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kei Shimoda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takafumi Iwaki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuya Kiriake
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Saikawa
- Department of Nursing, Junshin Gakuen University, 1-1-1 Tikushigaoka, Fukuoka-shi, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8510, Japan
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Stevens Y, Rymenant EV, Grootaert C, Camp JV, Possemiers S, Masclee A, Jonkers D. The Intestinal Fate of Citrus Flavanones and Their Effects on Gastrointestinal Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071464. [PMID: 31252646 PMCID: PMC6683056 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus flavanones, with hesperidin and naringin as the most abundant representatives, have various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Evidence also indicates that they may impact the intestinal microbiome and are metabolized by the microbiota as well, thereby affecting their bioavailability. In this review, we provide an overview on the current evidence on the intestinal fate of hesperidin and naringin, their interaction with the gut microbiota, and their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. These topics will be discussed as they may contribute to gastrointestinal health in various diseases. Evidence shows that hesperidin and naringin are metabolized by intestinal bacteria, mainly in the (proximal) colon, resulting in the formation of their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin and various smaller phenolics. Studies have also shown that citrus flavanones and their metabolites are able to influence the microbiota composition and activity and exert beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function and gastrointestinal inflammation. Although the exact underlying mechanisms of action are not completely clear and more research in human subjects is needed, evidence so far suggests that citrus flavanones as well as their metabolites have the potential to contribute to improved gastrointestinal function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yala Stevens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Evelien Van Rymenant
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nie M, Zhang Z, Liu C, Li D, Huang W, Liu C, Jiang N. Hesperetin and Hesperidin Improved β-Carotene Incorporation Efficiency, Intestinal Cell Uptake, and Retinoid Concentrations in Tissues. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:3363-3371. [PMID: 30827104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary constituents can influence the bioavailability of carotenoids. This study investigated the effect of citrus flavanones on β-carotene (Bc) bioavailability using four experimental models: in vitro digestion procedure, synthetic mixed micelles, Caco-2 cell monolayers, and gavage experiments in mice. The addition of hesperetin (Hes, 25 μM) and hesperidin (Hes-G, 25 μM) standards significantly increased the incorporation efficiency of the Bc standard to 68.7 ± 3.6 and 75.2 ± 7.5% ( p < 0.05), respectively. However, the addition of naringenin (Nar, 25 μM) and naringin (Nar-G, 25 μM) standards significantly reduced the incorporation efficiency of Bc by 23.8 and 26.4%, respectively ( p < 0.05). The increases in scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression promoted by citrus flavanones played an important role in Bc cellular absorption in the Caco-2 cell model. Furthermore, after 3 days of gavage, four citrus flavanones (7.5 mg kg-1 day-1) increased the retinoid concentrations in tissues; in contrast, after 7 days of gavage, Nar and Nar-G significantly decreased hepatic retinoid concentrations ( p < 0.05). This finding suggested that the incorporation efficiency into micelles was the main step governing carotenoid bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Botany , Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunju Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
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Simitzis PE, Charismiadou MA, Goliomytis M, Charalambous A, Ntetska I, Giamouri E, Deligeorgis SG. Antioxidant status, meat oxidative stability and quality characteristics of lambs fed with hesperidin, naringin or α-tocopheryl acetate supplemented diets. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:343-349. [PMID: 29882326 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation of sheep with bioactive compounds such as citrus flavonoids appears as a great alternative for improving meat antioxidant capacity and could also have beneficial effects on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality characteristics. An experiment was therefore conducted to examine the effects of hesperidin or naringin dietary supplementation on lambs' growth performance, antioxidant status and meat quality characteristics. Forty-four male 3-month-old Chios lambs were randomly assigned to four groups: C, fed with a basal diet, or H or N or VE offered the same diet further supplemented with hesperidin at 2500 mg or naringin at 2500 mg or α-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) at 200 mg kg-1 feed respectively. At the end of the experiment (day 35), samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were collected for meat quality evaluation. RESULTS Both flavonoids and vitamin E dietary supplementation reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on day 35 (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in performance traits and meat quality characteristics among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Hesperidin and naringin also reduced MDA levels in meat stored at 4 °C for up to 8 days (P < 0.05), although to a lesser extent than α-tocopheryl acetate. CONCLUSION Incorporation of flavonoids in sheep diets resulted in an improvement of plasma and meat antioxidant capacity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis E Simitzis
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Charismiadou
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Goliomytis
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Charalambous
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ina Ntetska
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Giamouri
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios G Deligeorgis
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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González-Alfonso JL, Míguez N, Padilla JD, Leemans L, Poveda A, Jimnez-Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Sandoval G, Plou FJ. Optimization of Regioselective α-Glucosylation of Hesperetin Catalyzed by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112885. [PMID: 30400664 PMCID: PMC6278433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective α-glucosylation of hesperetin was achieved by a transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Thermoanaerobacter sp. using soluble starch as glucosyl donor. By combining mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF) and 2D-NMR analysis, the main monoglucosylated derivative was fully characterized (hesperetin 7-O-α-d-glucopyranoside). In order to increase the yield of monoglucoside, several reaction parameters were optimized: Nature and percentage of cosolvent, composition of the aqueous phase, glucosyl donor, temperature, and the concentrations of hesperetin and soluble starch. Under the optimal conditions, which included the presence of 30% of bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether as cosolvent, the maximum concentration of monoglucoside was approximately 2 mM, obtained after 24 h of reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct glucosylation of hesperetin employing free enzymes instead of whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noa Míguez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Daniel Padilla
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Laura Leemans
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Poveda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Jesús Jimnez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain.
| | | | - Georgina Sandoval
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Tan YQ, Chiu-Leung LC, Lin SM, Leung LK. The citrus flavonone hesperetin attenuates the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 210:57-64. [PMID: 29763690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and dioxins are carcinogens and their adverse effects have been largely attributed to the activation of AhR. Hesperetin is a flavonone found abundantly in citrus fruits and has been shown to be a biologically active agent. In the present study, the effect of hesperetin on the nuclear translocation of AhR and the downstream gene expression was investigated in MCF-7 cells. Confocal microscopy indicated that 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) -induced nuclear translocation of AhR was deterred by hesperetin treatment. The reduced nuclear translocation could also be observed in Western analysis. Reporter-gene assay further illustrated that the induced XRE transactivation was weakened by the treatment of hesperetin. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay demonstrated that the gene expressions of CYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 followed the same pattern of AhR translocation. These results suggested that hesperetin counteracted AhR transactivation and suppressed the downstream gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/antagonists & inhibitors
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Carcinogens, Environmental/chemistry
- Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/metabolism
- Dietary Supplements
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter/drug effects
- Hesperidin/metabolism
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/chemistry
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | | | - Shu-Mei Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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31
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Ma Y, He Y, Yin T, Chen H, Gao S, Hu M. Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 Cells Can Impact Their Anti-inflammatory efficacy: Indication of Hesperetin. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6042-6052. [PMID: 29792322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raw264.7 is a murine macrophage-like cell line commonly used to study the anti-inflammatory efficacy of natural compounds. However, the impacts of long-time incubation on the tested compounds are often inappropriately ignored. Among 77 natural phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids), only 36 remain more than 70% after a 15-h incubation in cell culture medium at 37 °C. Interestingly, for those compounds with a relatively good chemical stability, the presence of Raw264.7 cells could accelerate their disappearance in the medium, indicating that cellular metabolism occurred. As a representative phenolic, hesperetin was found to be efficiently metabolized by Raw264.7 cells and the metabolite was identified as a glucuronide in the further investigation. The glucuronidation activity is constitutive in this cell line. At certain concentration levels of hesperetin, the ability of hesperetin to inhibit PGD2 production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells was significantly enhanced by introducing β-glucuronidase, which can hydrolyze hesperetin glucuronide, into the incubation medium. The results indicate that glucuronidation and excretion of hesperetin can significantly impact its bioactivity in Raw264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Road , Houston , Texas 77004 , United States
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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32
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Bai Y, Zheng Y, Pang W, Peng W, Wu H, Yao H, Li P, Deng W, Cheng J, Su W. Identification and Comparison of Constituents of Aurantii Fructus and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus by UFLC-DAD-Triple TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040803. [PMID: 29601542 PMCID: PMC6017871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) are both the fruits of the same rutaceae plant at different stages of growth, they exert similar yet distinct clinical effects. The chemical composition is crucial for quality control as well as therapeutic application. To address this concern, it is significant to evaluate the similarities and differences of the constituents in both AF and AFI. The extract of AF and AFI were comprehensively analyzed by ultra fast liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-triple-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-Triple TOF-MS/MS). Among the 40 compounds detected, 19 metabolites were detected in both the AF and AFI; whereas 13 compounds were only detected in AF and five constituents were exclusively detected in AFI. In particular, even in AFI, three compounds were only identified in AFI (Citrus aurantium' L. and its cultivar). Among the 18 compounds confirmed by standard database, 13 compounds were reported in AF and AFI for the first time. Furthermore, the distinction was also revealed by the content of naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and synephrine. The study directly contributed to the similarities and differences of AF and AFI. Herein, similarities and the differences in chemical profiles of AF and AFI could explain the current clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wenjing Pang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal Medicine technology and Application of state Administration, Zhongshan 528437, China.
| | - Jinle Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal Medicine technology and Application of state Administration, Zhongshan 528437, China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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33
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Liu X, Luo F, Li P, She Y, Gao W. Investigation of the interaction for three Citrus flavonoids and α-amylase by surface plasmon resonance. Food Res Int 2017; 97:1-6. [PMID: 28578029 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of natural drugs with broad biological activity, exhibit inhibitory effect on α-amylase. Citrus peel is a good source of flavonoids. The real-time interactions between three Citrus flavonoids (naringin, neohesperidin, hesperidin) and α-amylase were investigated by surface plasmon resonance biosensor, and were compared with the α-amylase inhibitors, acarbose. These results showed the binding affinities of naringin, neohesperidin and hesperidin with α-amylase reach the highest at pH6 with KD values of 2.27±0.18mM, 3.09±0.20mM and 3.51±0.09mM, and can be reinforced with 0.2M NaCl and 0.1M CaCl2, respectively. The results of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical assay indicate that the antioxidant activities of naringin, neohesperidin and hesperidin are significantly inhibited by interacting with α-amylase, and the inhibition percentage are 47.61±0.034%, 22.81±0.037% and 21.01±0.051%, respectively. Additionally, it is found that both the number and the position of hydroxyl group play an important role in the interaction of three Citrus flavonoids and α-amylase. These results provide useful information for rapid screening inhibitors of α-amylase from plant-based food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Pao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yin She
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Wanru Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, PR China
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34
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Van Rymenant E, Abrankó L, Tumova S, Grootaert C, Van Camp J, Williamson G, Kerimi A. Chronic exposure to short-chain fatty acids modulates transport and metabolism of microbiome-derived phenolics in human intestinal cells. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 39:156-168. [PMID: 27840292 PMCID: PMC5756543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and phenolics produced by the gut microbiome have multiple effects on health. We have tested the hypothesis that long-term exposure to physiological concentrations of SCFA can affect the transport and metabolism of (poly)phenols by the intestinal epithelium using the Caco-2 cell model. Metabolites and conjugates of hesperetin (HT) and ferulic acid (FA), gut-derived from dietary hesperidin and chlorogenic acid, respectively, were quantified by LC-MS with authentic standards following transport across differentiated cell monolayers. Changes in metabolite levels were correlated with effects on mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and transporters. Propionate and butyrate increased both FA transport and rate of appearance of FA glucuronide apically and basolaterally, linked to an induction of MCT1. Propionate was the only SCFA that augmented the rate of formation of basolateral FA sulfate conjugates, possibly via basolateral transporter up-regulation. In addition, propionate enhanced the formation of HT glucuronide conjugates and increased HT sulfate efflux toward the basolateral compartment. Acetate treatment amplified transepithelial transport of FA in the apical to basolateral direction, associated with lower levels of MCT1 protein expression. Metabolism and transport of both HT and FA were curtailed by the organic acid lactate owing to a reduction of UGT1A1 protein levels. Our data indicate a direct interaction between microbiota-derived metabolites of (poly)phenols and SCFA through modulation of transporters and conjugating enzymes and increase our understanding of how dietary fiber, via the microbiome, may affect and enhance uptake of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Rymenant
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - László Abrankó
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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35
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Kadota K, Semba K, Shakudo R, Sato H, Deki Y, Shirakawa Y, Tozuka Y. Inhibition of Photodegradation of Highly Dispersed Folic Acid Nanoparticles by the Antioxidant Effect of Transglycosylated Rutin. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3062-3069. [PMID: 27039660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed highly dispersible and photostable nanoparticles of vitamin, folic acid (FA). FA was wet bead milled with milling and dispersing adjuvants and transglycosylated compounds such as α-glucosyl hesperidin (Hesperidin-G) and rutin (Rutin-G), which solubilized FA. The milled slurries of FA particles with transglycosylated compounds consisted of nanosized particles with a median diameter of <100 nm. The lyophilized formulations of these slurries retained their nanometer size after resuspension in water with no aggregation. The apparent solubility of FA in these formulations was 100-fold higher than that of untreated FA. The solubilizing effect of Rutin-G may affect the particle size reduction and dispersibility of FA. The photostability results showed that the strong antioxidant activity of Rutin-G substantially increased the photostability of FA solution. On the basis of these results, bead milling of FA with Rutin-G is a promising technique for developing highly dispersible, photostable nanoparticle FA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kadota
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kumi Semba
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Shakudo
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuto Deki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University , 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirakawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University , 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Shin KC, Nam HK, Oh DK. Hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides by β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus and its application to the production of flavanone aglycones from citrus extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:11532-11540. [PMID: 24188428 DOI: 10.1021/jf403332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolytic activity of the recombinant β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus for the flavanone glycoside hesperidin was optimal at pH 5.5 and 95 °C in the presence of 0.5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.1% (w/v) Tween 40 with a half-life of 88 h, a Km of 1.6 mM, and a kcat of 68.4 1/s. The specific activity of the enzyme for flavonoid glycosides followed the order hesperidin > neohesperidin > naringin > narirutin > poncirin > diosmin > neoponcirin > rutin. The specific activity for flavanone was higher than that for flavone or flavonol. DMSO at 10% (v/v) was used to increase the solubility of flavanone glycosides as substrates. The enzyme completely converted flavanone glycosides (1 g/L) to flavanone aglycones and disaccharides via one-step reaction. The major flavanone in grapefruit peel, grapefruit pulp, or orange peel extract was naringin (47.5 mg/g), naringin (16.6 mg/g), or hesperidin (18.2 mg/g), respectively. β-Glucosidase from P. furiosus completely converted naringin and narirutin in 100% (w/v) grapefruit peel extract to 22.5 g/L naringenin after 12 h, with a productivity of 1.88 g L(-1) h(-1); naringin and narirutin in 100% (w/v) grapefruit pulp extract to 8.1 g/L naringenin after 9 h, with a productivity of 0.90 g L(-1) h(-1); and hesperidin in 100% (w/v) orange peel extract to 9.0 g/L hesperetin after 9 h, with a productivity of 1.00 g L(-1) h(-1). The conversion yields, concentrations, and productivities of flavanone aglycones in this study are the highest among those obtained from citrus extracts. Thus, this enzyme may be useful for the industrial hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides in citrus extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Tang L, Jia W. A comparison study on the binding of hesperetin and luteolin to bovine serum albumin by spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 103:114-119. [PMID: 23257337 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Binding mechanism of luteolin (LUT) and hesperetin (HES) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at 288,298,310K and pH=7.40 by UV absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Under simulated physiological conditions, the fluorescence data indicated that hesperetin binding to BSA mainly occurs through a static mechanism. In contrast, binding of luteolin to BSA is a combined quenching process while static quenching is prevailing. Linear interval of the Stern-Volmer plot of LUT-BSA for the concentration ratio of LUT to BSA ranged from 0.5 to 1.25 was obtained. The thermodynamic parameters obtained from the Van't Hoff equation indicated that electrostatic force was the predominant force in the LUT-BSA and HES-BSA complex. The inner filter effect was eliminated to get accurate data. The conformational changes of BSA caused by LUT and HES were observed in the UV absorption. Results of fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence showed that degree of luteolin-BSA quenching was higher than hesperetin-BSA quenching, which indicated that the 4'-hydroxide radical was more helpful to the ligand binding to proteins than 4'-methoxyl group for flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Citrus flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with powerful biological properties. This review aims to summarize recent advances towards understanding the ability of citrus flavonoids to regulate lipid metabolism and other metabolic parameters relevant to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Citrus flavonoids, including naringenin, hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. Epidemiological studies report that intake of citrus flavonoid-containing foods attenuates cardiovascular diseases. Experimental and a limited number of clinical studies reveal lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties. In animal models, citrus flavonoid supplements prevent hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity primarily through inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Citrus flavonoids blunt the inflammatory response in metabolically important tissues including liver, adipose tissue, kidney and the aorta. The mechanisms underlying flavonoid-induced metabolic regulation have not been completely established. In mouse models, citrus flavonoids show marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved metabolic parameters and also through direct impact on the vessel wall. SUMMARY These recent studies suggest an important role of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, obesity and atherosclerosis. The favorable outcomes are achieved through multiple mechanisms. Human studies focussed on dose, bioavailability, efficacy and safety are required to propel the use of these promising therapeutic agents into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Assini
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Li J, Wang S. Molecular spectroscopic on interaction between Methyl hesperidin and Buman serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 102:200-204. [PMID: 23220657 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of Methyl hesperidin (MH) with Buman serum albumin was studied by spectroscopic methods including Fluorescence quenching technology, UV absorbance spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy under simulative physiological conditions. The result of fluorescence titration revealed that Methyl hesperidin could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and the quenching mechanism should be a combined quenching process. The binding constants at three temperatures (296, 303, and 310 K) were 1.82, 2.69, and 3.4 × 10(4)L mol(-1), respectively. The distance between donor (BSA) and acceptor (MH) was 5.54 nm according to the Förster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. In addition, FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the binding of MH to BSA changed the secondary structure of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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40
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Bi S, Wang Y, Pang B, Yan L, Wang T. An investigation on the interaction of DNA with hesperetin/apigenin in the presence of CTAB by resonance Rayleigh light scattering technique and its analytical application. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 90:158-164. [PMID: 22336048 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new systems for measuring DNA at nanogram levels by a resonance Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) technique with a common spectrofluorometer were proposed. In the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the interaction of DNA with hesperetin and apigenin (two effective components of Chinese herbal medicine) could enhance RLS signals with the maximum peak at 363 and 433 nm respectively. The enhanced intensity of RLS was directly proportional to the concentration of DNA in the range of 0.022-4.4 μg mL(-1) for DNA-CTAB-hesperetin system and 0.013-4.4 μg mL(-1) for DNA-CTAB-apigenin system. The detection limit was 2.34 ng mL(-1) and 2.97 ng mL(-1) respectively. Synthetic samples were measured satisfactorily. The recovery of DNA-CTAB-hesperetin system was 97.3-101.9% and that of DNA-CTAB-apigenin system was 101.2-109.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Bi
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, PR China.
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Yang HL, Chen SC, Senthil Kumar KJ, Yu KN, Lee Chao PD, Tsai SY, Hou YC, Hseu YC. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of hesperetin metabolites obtained from hesperetin-administered rat serum: an ex vivo approach. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:522-532. [PMID: 22098419 DOI: 10.1021/jf2040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years much attention has been focused on the pharmaceutical relevance of bioflavonoids, especially hesperidin and its aglycon hesperetin in terms of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. However, the bioactivity of their metabolites, the real molecules in vivo hesperetin glucuronides/sulfates produced after ingestion, has been poorly understood. Thus, the study using an ex vivo approach is aimed to compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hesperidin/hesperetin or hesperetin metabolites derived from hesperetin-administered rat serum. We found that hesperetin metabolites (2.5-20 μM) showed higher antioxidant activity against various oxidative systems, including superoxide anion scavenging, reducing power, and metal chelating effects, than that of hesperidin or hesperetin. The data also showed that pretreatment of hesperetin metabolites (1-10 μM) within the range of physiological concentrations, compared to hesperetin, significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production, as evidenced by the inhibition of their precursors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels without appreciable cytotoxicity on LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages or A7r5 smooth muscle cells. Concomitantly, hesperetin metabolites dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, hesperetin metabolites significantly downregulate LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation followed by the suppression of inhibitor-κB (I-κB) degradation and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2) and p38 MAPKs after challenge with LPS. Hesperetin metabolites ex vivo showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with hesperidin/hesperetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Lu LL, Shu Y, Qian DW, Su SL, Duan JA, Qian YF, Xue CF. [Identification of the metabolites of Sinisan extract in rat plasma, urine, feces and bile after intragastric administration]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2011; 46:1374-1379. [PMID: 22260033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sinisan is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating various diseases; however, the in vivo metabolic profile of its multiple components remains unknown. In this paper, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was applied to identify the metabolites of Sinisan extract in rat plasma, urine, feces and bile after intragastric administration. Using MS(E) and mass defect filter techniques, 41 metabolites of 10 parent compounds (naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d) were detected and tentatively identified. It was shown by our results that these compounds was metabolized to the forms of hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, glucuronidation with sulfation and glucuronidation with hydroxylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Minig M, Mazzaferro LS, Erra-Balsells R, Petroselli G, Breccia JD. α-Rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase-catalyzed reactions for analysis and biotransformations of plant-based foods. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:11238-11243. [PMID: 21834586 DOI: 10.1021/jf202412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Most aroma compounds exist in vegetal tissues as disaccharide conjugates, rutinose being an abundant sugar moiety in grapes. The availability of aroma precursors would facilitate analytical analysis of plant-based foods. The diglycosidase α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase from Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 efficiently transglycosylated the rutinose moiety from hesperidin to 2-phenylethanol, geraniol, and nerol in an aqueous-organic biphasic system. 2-Phenethyl rutinoside was synthesized up to millimolar level with an 80% conversion regarding the donor hesperidin. The hydrolysis of the synthesized aroma precursors was not detected in an aqueous medium. However, in the presence of ethanol as a sugar acceptor, the enzyme was able to transfer the disaccharide residue forming the alkyl-rutinoside. The aroma precursors were significantly hydrolyzed (up to 3-4% in 2 h at 30 °C), which indicated the potential use of the enzyme for biotechnological applications, for example, in aroma modulation of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Minig
- INCITAP-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, (6300) Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
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Toniti W, Suthiyotha N, Puchadapirom P, Jenwitheesuk E. Binding capacity of ER-α ligands and SERMs: comparison of the human, dog and cat. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:2875-2879. [PMID: 22393957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen molecule is the major risk factor related to mammary gland tumors, with estrogen receptor alpha (ER- α) as the important target stimulating growth. Therefore one alternative approach to treatment of breast cancer is to use selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), hormonal therapy. In this study, the structures of ER- α in humans, dogs and cats were predicted using the amino acid sequencing data bank and corrected for general protein structures, receptor sites and docking by adding 2,344 ligands with 15 SERMs into the database and calculating estimated inhibition constants (Ki). Thereby, ranking of best ligands of SERMs in humans, dogs and cats could be achieved. The results show that the shapes of ER- α differ between species but the major pocket sites are the same. Bazedoxifene, a new SERM proved to be the best estrogen antagonist and ER- α inhibitor in all species (human, dog, cat) with the lowest Ki. The other good ligands for dogs and cats are Neohesperidin, Dihydrochalcone, and Schreiber2. The differences in these protein structures may explain why there are only a few SERMs or other ligands which can be used as anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraphan Toniti
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
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45
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Leopoldini M, Malaj N, Toscano M, Sindona G, Russo N. On the inhibitor effects of bergamot juice flavonoids binding to the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzyme. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:10768-10773. [PMID: 20843083 DOI: 10.1021/jf102576j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory was applied to study the binding mode of new flavonoids as possible inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), an enzyme that catalyzes the four-electron reduction of HMGCoA to mevalonate, the committed step in the biosynthesis of sterols. The investigated flavonoid conjugates brutieridin and melitidin were recently quantified in the bergamot fruit extracts and identified to be structural analogues of statins, lipids concentration lowering drugs that inhibit HMGR. Computations allowed us to perform a detailed analysis of the geometrical and electronic features affecting the binding of these compounds, as well as that of the excellent simvastatin drug, to the active site of the enzyme and to give better insight into the inhibition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Leopoldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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46
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Brand W, Shao J, Hoek-van den Hil EF, van Elk KN, Spenkelink B, de Haan LHJ, Rein MJ, Dionisi F, Williamson G, van Bladeren PJ, Rietjens IMCM. Stereoselective conjugation, transport and bioactivity of s- and R-hesperetin enantiomers in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:6119-6125. [PMID: 20441166 DOI: 10.1021/jf1008617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The flavanone hesperetin ((+/-)-4'-methoxy-3',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) is the aglycone of hesperidin, which is the major flavonoid present in sweet oranges. Hesperetin contains a chiral C-atom and so can exist as an S- and R-enantiomer, however, in nature 2S-hesperidin and its S-hesperetin aglycone are predominant. The present study reports a chiral HPLC method to separate S- and R-hesperetin on an analytical and semipreparative scale. This allowed characterization of the stereoselective differences in metabolism and transport in the intestine and activity in a selected bioassay of the separated hesperetin enantiomers in in vitro model systems: (1) with human small intestinal fractions containing UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) or sulfotransferases (SULTs); (2) with Caco-2 cell monolayers as a model for the intestinal transport barrier; (3) with mouse Hepa-1c1c7 cells transfected with human EpRE-controlled luciferase to test induction of EpRE-mediated gene expression. The results obtained indicate some significant differences in the metabolism and transport characteristics and bioactivity between S- and R-hesperetin, however, these differences are relatively small. This indicates that for these end points, including intestinal metabolism and transport and EpRE-mediated gene induction, experiments performed with racemic hesperetin may adequately reflect what can be expected for the naturally occurring S-enantiomer. This is an important finding since at present hesperetin is only commercially available as a racemic mixture, while it exists in nature mainly as an S-enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Brand
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, PO Box 8000, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Shimoda K, Hamada H. Production of hesperetin glycosides by Xanthomonas campestris and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and their anti-allergic activities. Nutrients 2010; 2:171-80. [PMID: 22254014 PMCID: PMC3257635 DOI: 10.3390/nu2020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of hesperetin glycosides was investigated using glycosylation with Xanthomonas campestris and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase). X. campestris glucosylated hesperetin to its 3'-, 5-, and 7-O-glucosides, and CGTase converted hesperetin glucosides into the corresponding maltosides. The resulting 7-O-glucoside and 7-O-maltoside of hesperetin showed inhibitory effects on IgE antibody production and on O2- generation from rat neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shimoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: (K.S.); Tel.: +81-97-586-5606; Fax: +81-97-586-5619 (K.S.); (H.H.); Tel.:+81-86-256-9473; Fax:+81-86-256-8468 (H.H.)
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: (K.S.); Tel.: +81-97-586-5606; Fax: +81-97-586-5619 (K.S.); (H.H.); Tel.:+81-86-256-9473; Fax:+81-86-256-8468 (H.H.)
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Trzeciakiewicz A, Habauzit V, Mercier S, Barron D, Urpi-Sarda M, Manach C, Offord E, Horcajada MN. Molecular mechanism of hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide, the main circulating metabolite of hesperidin, involved in osteoblast differentiation. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:668-75. [PMID: 19921838 DOI: 10.1021/jf902680n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit hesperidin is hydrolyzed by gut microflora into aglycone form (hesperetin) and then conjugated mainly into glucuronides. We previously demonstrated that hesperetin enhanced osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we examined the effect of hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide (Hp7G) on primary rat osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The impact of Hp7G on specific bone signaling pathways was explored. Osteoblasts were exposed to physiological concentrations of 1 (Hp7G1) and 10 (Hp7G10) microM of conjugate. The glucuronide did not affect proliferation but enhanced differentiation by significantly increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity from day 14 of exposure. Hp7G significantly induced mRNA expression of ALP, Runx2, and Osterix after 48 h of exposure. Moreover, phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 was enhanced by Hp7G, while ERK1/2 remained unchanged after 48 h. Hp7G decreased RANKL gene expression. These results suggest that Hp7G may regulate osteoblast differentiation through Runx2 and Osterix stimulation, and might be implicated in the regulation of osteoblast/osteoclast communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trzeciakiewicz
- INRA Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Human Nutrition Unit UMR1019, F-63122 St. Genes Champanelle, France
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Jin MJ, Kim U, Kim IS, Kim Y, Kim DH, Han SB, Kim DH, Kwon OS, Yoo HH. Effects of gut microflora on pharmacokinetics of hesperidin: a study on non-antibiotic and pseudo-germ-free rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010; 73:1441-1450. [PMID: 20954071 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2010.511549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a biologically active flavanone glycoside occurring abundantly in citrus fruits. In the present study, effects of intestinal microflora on pharmacokinetics of hesperidin were investigated using a pseudo-germ-free rat model treated with antibiotics. After administration of hesperidin to rats, hesperetin, hesperetin glucuronides, and metabolites postulated to be eriodictyol, hemoeriodictyol, and their glucuronides were detected in urine while hesperetin glucuronide was predominantly found in plasma. The plasma concentration-time profile of hesperetin was compared between non-antibiotic-exposed and pseudo-germ-free rats administered this compound. The maximal concentration (C(max)) values of hesperetin in non-antibiotic-exposed and pseudo-germ-free rats were 0.58 and 0.20 μg/ml, respectively, and area under the curve (AUC) values were 6.3 and 2.8 μg-h/ml, respectively. Thus, systemic exposure as evidenced by AUC and C(max) was significantly higher in normal compared to pseudo-germ-free rats. Fecal β-glucosidase activities of non-antibiotic-exposed and pseudo-germ-free rats were 0.21 and 0.11 nmol/min/mg, while fecal α-rhamnosidase activities were 0.37 and 0.12 nmol/min/mg, respectively. The rate of hesperidin transformation to hesperetin was 6.9 and 2.9 nmol/min/g in fecal samples in non-antibiotic-exposed and pseudo-germ-free rats, respectively. Taken together, these results showed that pharmacokinetic differences between non-antibiotic-exposed and pseudo-germ-free rats may be attributed to differing hesperidin uptake, as well as alterations in metabolic activities of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji Jin
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a reactive oxidant formed from superoxide (*O2(-)) and nitric oxide (*NO), that can oxidize several cellular components, including essential protein, non-protein thiols, DNA, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and membrane phospholipids. ONOO- has contributed to the pathogenesis of diseases such as stroke, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Because of the lack of endogenous enzymes to thwart ONOO- activation, developing a specific ONOO- scavenger is remarkably important. In this study, the ability of hesperetin (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4-methoxyflavanone) to scavenge ONOO- and to protect cells against ONOO- and ROS was investigated. The data gained show that hesperetin can efficiently scavenge authentic ONOO- . In spectrophotometric analysis, the data revealed that hesperetin led to declined ONOO- -mediated nitration of tyrosine through electron donation. Hesperetin exhibited significant inhibition on the nitration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by ONOO- in a dose-dependent manner. Hesperetin also manifested cytoprotection from cell damage induced by ONOO- and ROS. The present study suggests that hesperetin is a powerful ONOO- scavenger and promotes cellular defense activity in the protection against ONOO- involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Aging Tissue Bank, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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