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Pinheiro I, Barberá A, Raurell I, Estrella F, de Leeuw M, Bolca S, Gottardi D, Horscroft N, Possemiers S, Salcedo MT, Genescà J, Martell M, Augustin S. A Nine-Strain Bacterial Consortium Improves Portal Hypertension and Insulin Signaling and Delays NAFLD Progression In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051191. [PMID: 35625927 PMCID: PMC9175091 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a recognized role in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated comorbidities such as Type-2 diabetes and obesity. Stool transplantation has been shown to improve disease by restoring endothelial function and insulin signaling. However, more patient-friendly treatments are required. The present study aimed to test the effect of a defined bacterial consortium of nine gut commensal strains in two in vivo rodent models of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a rat model of NASH and portal hypertension (PHT), and the Stelic animal (mouse) model (STAM™). In both studies the consortium was administered orally q.d. after disease induction. In the NASH rats, the consortium was administered for 2 weeks and compared to stool transplant. In the STAM™ study administration was performed for 4 weeks, and the effects compared to vehicle or Telmisartan at the stage of NASH/early fibrosis. A second group of animals was followed for another 3 weeks to assess later-stage fibrosis. In the NASH rats, an improvement in PHT and endothelial function was observed. Gut microbial compositional changes also revealed that the consortium achieved a more defined and richer replacement of the gut microbiome than stool transplantation. Moreover, liver transcriptomics suggested a beneficial modulation of pro-fibrogenic pathways. An improvement in liver fibrosis was then confirmed in the STAM™ study. In this study, the bacterial consortium improved the NAFLD activity score, consistent with a decrease in steatosis and ballooning. Serum cytokeratin-18 levels were also reduced. Therefore, administration of a specific bacterial consortium of defined composition can ameliorate NASH, PHT, and fibrosis, and delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pinheiro
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.A.); Tel.: +32-92770864 (I.P.)
| | - Aurora Barberá
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Imma Raurell
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Estrella
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcel de Leeuw
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Selin Bolca
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Gottardi
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Nigel Horscroft
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Sam Possemiers
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - María Teresa Salcedo
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joan Genescà
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martell
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Augustin
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.A.); Tel.: +32-92770864 (I.P.)
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Laue C, Stevens Y, van Erp M, Papazova E, Soeth E, Pannenbeckers A, Stolte E, Böhm R, Gall SL, Falourd X, Ballance S, Knutsen SH, Pinheiro I, Possemiers S, Ryan PM, Ross RP, Stanton C, Wells JM, van der Werf S, Mes JJ, Schrezenmeir J. Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:2683. [PMID: 34444843 PMCID: PMC8400163 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senior individuals can suffer from immunosenescence and novel strategies to bolster the immune response could contribute to healthy ageing. In this double-blind, randomised, controlled pilot trial, we investigated the ability of non-digestible polysaccharide (NPS) preparations to enhance the immune response in a human vaccination model. In total, 239 subjects (aged 50-79 years) were randomised to consume one of five different NPS (yeast β-glucan (YBG), shiitake β-glucan (SBG), oat β-glucan (OBG), arabinoxylan (AX), bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS)) or control (CTRL) product daily for five weeks. After two weeks of intervention, subjects were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine. The post-vaccination increases in haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and seroprotection rate against the influenza strains were non-significantly enhanced in the NPS intervention groups compared to CTRL. Specifically, a trend towards a higher mean log2 fold increase was observed in the AX group (uncorrected p = 0.074) combined with a trend for an increased seroprotection rate, AX group (48.7%) compared to CTRL (25.6%) (uncorrected p = 0.057), for the influenza A H1N1 strain. Subjects consuming AX also had a reduced incidence of common colds compared to CTRL (1 vs. 8; p = 0.029 in Fisher exact test). No adverse effects of NPS consumption were reported. The findings of this pilot study warrant further research to study AX as an oral adjuvant to support vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Laue
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor, Brightlands Health Campus, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.S.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Monique van Erp
- BioActor, Brightlands Health Campus, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.S.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Ekaterina Papazova
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Edlyn Soeth
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Angelika Pannenbeckers
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Ellen Stolte
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Ruwen Böhm
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France; (S.L.G.); (X.F.)
| | - Xavier Falourd
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France; (S.L.G.); (X.F.)
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries & Aquaculture Research , 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Svein H. Knutsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries & Aquaculture Research , 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Iris Pinheiro
- Prodigest, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sam Possemiers
- Prodigest, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Paul M. Ryan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (P.M.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (P.M.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (J.M.W.)
| | | | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Juergen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
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Stevens Y, Pinheiro I, Salden B, Duysburgh C, Bolca S, Degroote J, Majdeddin M, Van Noten N, Gleize B, Caris-Veyrat C, Michiels J, Jonkers D, Troost F, Possemiers S, Masclee A. Effect of a carotenoid-producing Bacillus strain on intestinal barrier integrity and systemic delivery of carotenoids: A randomised trial in animals and humans. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Moens E, Bolca S, Van de Wiele T, Van Landschoot A, Goeman JL, Possemiers S, Verstraete W. Exploration of isoxanthohumol bioconversion from spent hops into 8-prenylnaringenin using resting cells of Eubacterium limosum. AMB Express 2020; 10:79. [PMID: 32333233 PMCID: PMC7182650 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hops is an almost unique source of the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). As hops contain only low levels of 8-PN, synthesis may be more attractive than extraction. A strain of the Gram-positive Eubacterium limosum was isolated previously for 8-PN production from more abundant precursor isoxanthohumol (IX) from hops. In this study, spent hops, an industrial side stream from the beer industry, was identified as interesting source of IX. Yet, hop-derived compounds are well-known antibacterial agents and the traces of a large variety of different compounds in spent hops interfered with growth and IX conversion. Critical factors to finally enable bacterial 8-PN production from spent hops, using a food and feed grade medium, were evaluated in this research. The use of bacterial resting cells and complex medium at a pH of 7.8-8 best fulfilled the requirements for 8-PN production and generated a solid basis for development of an economic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moens
- ProDigest BVBA, Technol Pk 82, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Ugent, CMET, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Selin Bolca
- ProDigest BVBA, Technol Pk 82, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan L Goeman
- Ugent, Dept Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Duysburgh C, Ossieur WP, De Paepe K, Van den Abbeele P, Vichez-Vargas R, Vital M, Pieper DH, Van de Wiele T, Hesta M, Possemiers S, Marzorati M. Development and validation of the Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SCIME)1. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5643609. [PMID: 31768533 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas a wide variety of in vitro models have been developed and validated to assess the effect of specific food ingredients on the human gut microbiome, such models have only been developed and applied to a limited extent for companion animals. Since the use of pre- and probiotics to improve gut health is an emerging research topic in the field of companion animals and as dogs are often used as laboratory animals in developing and testing of pharmaceuticals, the current study aimed to establish an adequate canine in vitro model. This consisted of a four-stage reactor composed of a stomach and small intestinal compartment followed by a proximal and distal colon. This semi-continuous gastrointestinal tract model allowed a long-term, region-dependent, and pH-controlled simulation of the colon-associated microbial community of dogs. Upon reaching a functional steady state, the simulated canine microbial community composition proved to be representative of the in vivo situation. Indeed, the predominant bacterial phyla present in the in vitro proximal and distal colon corresponded with the main bacterial phyla detected in the fecal material of the dogs, resulting in an average community composition along the simulated canine gastrointestinal tract of 50.5% Firmicutes, 34.5% Bacteroidetes, 7.4% Fusobacteria, 4.9% Actinobacteria, and 2.7% Proteobacteria. A parallel in vivo-in vitro comparison assessing the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the canine microbial community composition showed a consistent stimulation of Lactobacillus concentrations in the in vivo fecal samples as well as in the in vitro canine gut model. Furthermore, the in vitro platform provided additional insights about the prebiotic effect of FOS supplementation of dogs, such as a reduced abundance of Megamonas spp. which are only present in very low abundance in in vivo fecal samples, indicating an interesting application potential of the developed canine in vitro model in research related to gastrointestinal health of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy P Ossieur
- ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium.,Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ramiro Vichez-Vargas
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marius Vital
- Microbial Interaction and Processes Research, HZI-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interaction and Processes Research, HZI-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Hesta
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Heidestraat, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent, Belgium
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Moens E, Bolca S, Possemiers S, Verstraete W. A Wake-Up Call for the Efficient Use of the Bacterial Resting Cell Process, with Focus on Low Solubility Products. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1349-1362. [PMID: 32270205 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Micro-organisms are often subjected to stressful conditions. Owing to their capacity to adapt, they try to rapidly cope with the unfavorable conditions by lowering their growth rate, changing their morphology, and developing altered metabolite production and other stress-related metabolism. The stress-related metabolism of the cells which interrupted their growth is often referred to as resting metabolism and can be exploit for specific and high rate production of secondary metabolites. Although the bacterial resting cell process has been described decades ago, we find it worthwhile to bring the process under renewed attention and refer to this type of processes as non-growing metabolically active (NGMA) cell processes. Despite their use may sound counterproductive, NGMA cells can be of interest to increase substrate conversion rates or enable conversion of certain substrates, not accessible to growing cells due to their bacteriostatic nature or requirement of resistance to a multitude of different stress mechanisms. Biomass reuse is an interesting feature to improve the economics of NGMA cell processes. Yet, for lipophilic compounds or compounds with low solubility, biomass separation can be delicate. This review draws the attention on existing examples of NGMA cell processes, summarizing some developmental tools and highlighting drawbacks and opportunities, to answer the research question if NGMA cells can have a distinct added value in industry. Particular elaboration is made on a novel and more broadly applicable strategy to enable biomass reuse for conversions of compounds with low solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moens
- ProDigest BVBA, Technol Pk 82, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Selin Bolca
- ProDigest BVBA, Technol Pk 82, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Van Hees HMJ, Davids M, Maes D, Millet S, Possemiers S, den Hartog LA, van Kempen TATG, Janssens GPJ. Dietary fibre enrichment of supplemental feed modulates the development of the intestinal tract in suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 31636904 PMCID: PMC6794736 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial pre-weaning diets are formulated to be highly digestible and nutrient-dense and contain low levels of dietary fibre. In contrast, pigs in a natural setting are manipulating fibre-rich plant material from a young age. Moreover, dietary fibre affects gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development and health in older pigs. We hypothesised that supplemental diets that contain vegetal fibres are accelerating GIT development in suckling piglets in terms of size and functionality. From d 2 of life, sow-suckled piglets had access to a low fibre diet (CON), a diet with a fermentable long-chain arabinoxylan (lc-AXOS), a diet with a largely non-fermentable purified cellulose (CELL), or a diet containing both fibres. During the initial 2 weeks, the control diet was a high-density milk replacer, followed by a dry and highly digestible creep meal. Upon weaning at 25 d, 15 piglets from each treatment group, identified as eaters and originating from six or seven litters, were sacrificed for post-mortem examination of GIT morphology, small intestinal permeability and metabolic profile of the digesta. The microbiota composition of the mid-colon was evaluated in a sub-set of ten piglets. Results No major statistical interactions between the fibre sources were observed. Piglets consumed the fibre-containing milk supplements and creep diets well. Stomach size and small intestinal permeability was not affected. Large intestinal fill was increased with lc-AXOS only, while relative large intestinal weight was increased with both fibre sources (P < 0.050). Also, CELL decreased ileal pH and tended to increase ileal DM content compared to CON (P < 0.050). Moreover, the concentration of volatile fatty acids was increased in the caecum (P < 0.100) and mid-colon (P < 0.050) by addition of CELL. lc-AXOS only stimulated caecal propionate (P < 0.050). The microbiota composition showed a high individual variation and limited dietary impact. Nonetheless, CELL induced minor shifts in specific genera, with notable reductions of Escherichia-Shigella. Conclusions Adding dietary fibres to the supplemental diet of suckling piglets altered large intestinal morphology but not small intestinal permeability. Moreover, dietary fibre showed effects on fermentation and modest changes of microbial populations in the hindgut, with more prominent effects from the low-fermentable cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M J Van Hees
- 1Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - M Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Maes
- 4Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Millet
- 1Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,5ILVO, Eenheid Dier, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - L A den Hartog
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,7Animal Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T A T G van Kempen
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,8North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - G P J Janssens
- 1Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Stevens Y, Rymenant EV, Grootaert C, Camp JV, Possemiers S, Masclee A, Jonkers D. The Intestinal Fate of Citrus Flavanones and Their Effects on Gastrointestinal Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071464. [PMID: 31252646 PMCID: PMC6683056 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus flavanones, with hesperidin and naringin as the most abundant representatives, have various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Evidence also indicates that they may impact the intestinal microbiome and are metabolized by the microbiota as well, thereby affecting their bioavailability. In this review, we provide an overview on the current evidence on the intestinal fate of hesperidin and naringin, their interaction with the gut microbiota, and their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. These topics will be discussed as they may contribute to gastrointestinal health in various diseases. Evidence shows that hesperidin and naringin are metabolized by intestinal bacteria, mainly in the (proximal) colon, resulting in the formation of their aglycones hesperetin and naringenin and various smaller phenolics. Studies have also shown that citrus flavanones and their metabolites are able to influence the microbiota composition and activity and exert beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function and gastrointestinal inflammation. Although the exact underlying mechanisms of action are not completely clear and more research in human subjects is needed, evidence so far suggests that citrus flavanones as well as their metabolites have the potential to contribute to improved gastrointestinal function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yala Stevens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Evelien Van Rymenant
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Research Group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Grootaert C, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Matthijs B, Possemiers S, Van der Saag H, Van Camp J, Lucey A. Clinical aspects of egg bioactive peptide research: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) Boeretang 200 B‐2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) Boeretang 200 B‐2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Bea Matthijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Hans Van der Saag
- Bioactor BV Brightlands Health Campus Gaetano Martinolaan 85 6229 GS Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Alice Lucey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research School of Food & Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Western Road T12 HY8E Cork Ireland
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Wu T, Grootaert C, Pitart J, Vidovic NK, Kamiloglu S, Possemiers S, Glibetic M, Smagghe G, Raes K, Van de Wiele T, Van Camp J. Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Polyphenols Modulate the Microbial Community in a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) and Decrease Secretion of Proinflammatory Markers in a Caco-2/endothelial Cell Coculture Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800607. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Department of Food Technology; Safety and Health; Ghent University; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology; Safety and Health; Ghent University; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Nevena Kardum Vidovic
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism; Institute for Medical Research; University of Belgrade; 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Department of Food Technology; Safety and Health; Ghent University; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Maria Glibetic
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism; Institute for Medical Research; University of Belgrade; 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops; Ghent University; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology; Safety and Health; Ghent University Campus Kortrijk; 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET); Ghent University; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology; Safety and Health; Ghent University; 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Van Rymenant E, Salden B, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Noten B, Pitart J, Possemiers S, Smagghe G, Grootaert C, Van Camp J. A Critical Evaluation of In Vitro Hesperidin 2S Bioavailability in a Model Combining Luminal (Microbial) Digestion and Caco-2 Cell Absorption in Comparison to a Randomized Controlled Human Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700881. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Rymenant
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research; Mol Belgium
| | - Bart Noten
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research; Mol Belgium
| | | | - Sam Possemiers
- Bioactor BV; Maastricht The Netherlands
- ProDigest; Ghent Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Wu T, Grootaert C, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Pitart J, Kamiloglu S, Possemiers S, Heinonen M, Kardum N, Glibetic M, Smagghe G, Raes K, Van Camp J. Aronia ( Aronia melanocarpa ) phenolics bioavailability in a combined in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model is structure and colon region dependent. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pinheiro I, Robinson L, Verhelst A, Marzorati M, Winkens B, den Abbeele PV, Possemiers S. A yeast fermentate improves gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation by modulation of the gut microbiome: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:441. [PMID: 28870194 PMCID: PMC5584023 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation and symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort such as bloating are common among otherwise healthy individuals, but with significant impact on quality of life. Despite the recognized contribution of the gut microbiome to this pathology, little is known about which group(s) of microorganism(s) are playing a role. A previous study performed in vitro suggests that EpiCor® fermentate has prebiotic-like properties, being able to favorably modulate the composition of the gut microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EpiCor fermentate in a population with symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort and reduced bowel movements and to evaluate its effect at the level of the gut microbiome. METHODS This pilot study was performed according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design. Eighty subjects with symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation were allocated to one of two trial arms (placebo or EpiCor fermentate). Randomization was done in a stratified manner according to symptom severity, resulting in two subgroups of patients: severe and moderate. Daily records of gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed on a 5-point scale, and also stool frequency and consistency were documented during a 2-week run-in and a 6-week intervention phases. Averages over two-week intervals were calculated. Constipation-associated quality of life and general perceived stress were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 weeks of intervention. Fecal samples were also collected at these same time points. RESULTS EpiCor fermentate led to a significant improvement of symptoms such as bloating/distension (p = 0.033 and p = 0.024 after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, respectively), feeling of fullness (p = 0.004 and p = 0.023 after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, respectively) and general daily scores (p = 0.046 after 2 weeks of intervention) in the moderate subgroup. A significant improvement in stool consistency was observed for the total population (p = 0.023 after 2 weeks of intervention) as well as for the severe subgroup (p = 0.046 after 2 weeks of intervention), and a nearly significant increase in stool frequency was detected for the total cohort (p = 0.083 and p = 0.090 after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, respectively). These effects were accompanied by an improvement in constipation-associated quality of life and general perceived stress, particularly in the moderate subgroup. Members of the families Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae, two groups of bacteria that have been previously reported to be deficient in constipated patients, were found to increase with EpiCor fermentate in the severe subgroup. In the moderate subgroup, a significant increase in Akkermansia muciniphila was observed. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively low dose administered (500 mg/day), particularly when comparing to the high recommended doses for prebiotic fibers, EpiCor fermentate was able to modulate the composition of the gut microbiome, resulting in improvement of constipation-associated symptoms. Conversely, the reported increase in bowel movements may have altered the gut microbial community by increasing those groups of bacteria that are better adapted to a faster gastrointestinal transit time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03051399 at ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrospectively registered. Registration date: 13 February 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry Robinson
- Embria Health Sciences, 2105 SE Creekview Dr, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA
| | - An Verhelst
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 3, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, 6200 MD The Netherlands
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Grootaert C, Jacobs G, Matthijs B, Pitart J, Baggerman G, Possemiers S, Van der Saag H, Smagghe G, Van Camp J, Voorspoels S. Quantification of egg ovalbumin hydrolysate-derived anti-hypertensive peptides in an in vitro model combining luminal digestion with intestinal Caco-2 cell transport. Food Res Int 2017; 99:531-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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García-Villalba R, Vissenaekens H, Pitart J, Romo-Vaquero M, Espín JC, Grootaert C, Selma MV, Raes K, Smagghe G, Possemiers S, Van Camp J, Tomas-Barberan FA. Gastrointestinal Simulation Model TWIN-SHIME Shows Differences between Human Urolithin-Metabotypes in Gut Microbiota Composition, Pomegranate Polyphenol Metabolism, and Transport along the Intestinal Tract. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:5480-5493. [PMID: 28616977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A TWIN-SHIME system was used to compare the metabolism of pomegranate polyphenols by the gut microbiota from two individuals with different urolithin metabotypes. Gut microbiota, ellagitannin metabolism, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), transport of metabolites, and phase II metabolism using Caco-2 cells were explored. The simulation reproduced the in vivo metabolic profiles for each metabotype. The study shows for the first time that microbial composition, metabolism of ellagitannins, and SCFA differ between metabotypes and along the large intestine. The assay also showed that pomegranate phenolics preserved intestinal cell integrity. Pomegranate polyphenols enhanced urolithin and propionate production, as well as Akkermansia and Gordonibacter prevalence with the highest effect in the descending colon. The system provides an insight into the mechanisms of pomegranate polyphenol gut microbiota metabolism and absorption through intestinal cells. The results obtained by the combined SHIME/Caco-2 cell system are consistent with previous human and animal studies and show that although urolithin metabolites are present along the gastrointestinal tract due to enterohepatic circulation, they are predominantly produced in the distal colon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Kortrijk, Belgium
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Juan C Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - María V Selma
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco A Tomas-Barberan
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
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Truchado P, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Salden BN, Van den Abbeele P, Vilchez-Vargas R, Jauregui R, Pieper DH, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T. Long chain arabinoxylans shift the mucosa-associated microbiota in the proximal colon of the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME). J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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17
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Salden BN, Troost FJ, Wilms E, Truchado P, Vilchez-Vargas R, Pieper DH, Jáuregui R, Marzorati M, van de Wiele T, Possemiers S, Masclee AA. Reinforcement of intestinal epithelial barrier by arabinoxylans in overweight and obese subjects: A randomized controlled trial: Arabinoxylans in gut barrier. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:471-480. [PMID: 28214040 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity and metabolic diseases are associated with alterations in microbial composition and impaired gut barrier. Previous in vitro and animal studies have shown that arabinoxylans (AX) have the potential to modulate gut microbiota and gut barrier and therefore could have a protective role. Primary aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AX on intestinal permeability. Secondary aims included the effect of AX on gene transcription and protein expression of tight junctions (TJ), intestinal microbiota composition and activity, immune response and metabolic markers in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 47 overweight subjects were randomly assigned to groups receiving 7.5 g/d AX (n = 16), 15 g/d AX (n = 17) or 15 g/d placebo (n = 14) for 6 wks. Intestinal permeability was investigated using a multi-sugar test. Sigmoid colon tissue was obtained from a subgroup (n = 26) for analyzing gene transcription and mucosal expression of TJ proteins. Fecal samples were collected to assess microbial composition and activity. Furthermore, the production of cytokines by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined. Blood was also sampled for measuring metabolic markers. RESULTS No significant changes in gastrointestinal permeability and TJ protein expression were observed after 6 wks AX supplementation compared to placebo. However, gene transcription of occludin was upregulated in the 7.5 g AX group, and transcription of claudin-3 and claudin-4 were upregulated in the 15 g AX group compared to placebo. Furthermore, fecal microbiota diversity was decreased after 6 wks 15 g AX treatment, but no change in relative abundance of dominant phyla was observed. AX intake significantly decreased fecal pH and increased fecal concentrations of total SCFAs, acetate, propionate and butyrate, compared to placebo. Additionally, a decreased TNFα production by stimulated PBMCs was observed after 15 g AX treatment. No changes in metabolic markers were detected. CONCLUSIONS Regular consumption of AX resulted in a more beneficial fermentation profile in overweight and obese individuals. Further studies are required to assess whether such fermentation profile will translate into improved gut barrier function and immune health. The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study ID number NCT01877044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke N Salden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition & Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition & Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wilms
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition & Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Truchado
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ruy Jáuregui
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ad A Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition & Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Grootaert C, Matthijs B, Voorspoels S, Possemiers S, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Egg-derived bioactive peptides with ACE-inhibitory properties: a literature update. Food Funct 2017; 8:3847-3855. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00839b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Egg proteins contain a wide set of peptide sequences which have an impact on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Bea Matthijs
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek)
- Boeretang 200 B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
| | | | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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Salden BN, Troost FJ, de Groot E, Stevens YR, Garcés-Rimón M, Possemiers S, Winkens B, Masclee AA. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of hesperidin 2S on validated cardiovascular biomarkers in healthy overweight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1523-1533. [PMID: 27797708 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid with antioxidant and other biological properties, potentially exerts beneficial effects on endothelial function (EF). OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of hesperidin 2S supplementation on EF in overweight individuals. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which 68 individuals were randomly assigned to receive hesperidin 2S (450 mg/d) or a placebo for 6 wk. At baseline and after 6 wk of intervention, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Acute, reversible ED was induced by intake of a high-fat meal (HFM). A second FMD scan was performed 2 h postprandially, and adhesion molecules were assessed 2 and 4 h postprandially. An additional exploratory analysis was performed in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%. RESULTS No significant change in fasting or postprandial FMD was observed after 6 wk of hesperidin intake compared with placebo intake. However, there was a trend for a reduction of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sP-selectin, SBP, and DBP after 6 wk of hesperidin treatment. In the FMD ≥3% group, hesperidin protected individuals from postprandial ED (P = 0.050) and significantly downregulated sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 (all P ≤ 0.030). The results reported in the current article were not adjusted for multiplicity. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of consumption of hesperidin 2S did not improve basal or postprandial FMD in our total study population. There was a tendency toward a reduction of adhesion molecules and a decrease in SBP and DBP. Further exploratory analyses revealed that, in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%, hesperidin 2S improved ED after an HFM and reduced adhesion molecules. These results indicate the cardiovascular health benefits of hesperidin 2S in overweight and obese individuals with a relatively healthy endothelium. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02228291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke N Salden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
| | - Eric de Groot
- Imagelabonline & Cardiovascular, Eindhoven and Lunteren, Netherlands.,Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ad A Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
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Michiels J, Possemiers S, Degroote J, Ovyn A, De Smet S, Nakamura N. Feeding Bacillus subtilis C-3102 to sows and suckling piglets and to weaned piglets improves parameters of gut health and feed:gain ratio in weaners. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Daguet D, Pinheiro I, Verhelst A, Possemiers S, Marzorati M. Arabinogalactan and fructooligosaccharides improve the gut barrier function in distinct areas of the colon in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Truchado P, Van den Abbeele P, Rivière A, Possemiers S, De Vuyst L, Van de Wiele T. Bifidobacterium longum D2 enhances microbial degradation of long-chain arabinoxylans in an in vitro model of the proximal colon. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:849-60. [PMID: 26193074 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) are degraded in the colon by intestinal bacteria possessing AX-degrading enzymes, such as bifidobacteria. Enzymatic activity of intestinal bacterial might vary depending on the composition of the gut microbiota. To compare the enzymatic activities of the bacterial gut communities of two healthy individuals (donors D1 and D2), these bacterial communities were inoculated into in vitro model M-SHIME(®). Differences in xylanase activities and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, in particular a DNA-band corresponding with Bifidobacterium longum, were found in the proximal colon vessel. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the presence of two different B. longum species in these bacterial communities, showing 99% gene sequence similarity with B. longum NCC2705 and B. longum. subsp. longum KACC 91563, respectively, further referred to as B. longum D1 and B. longum D2. When grown on LC-AX as the sole added energy source, B. longum D2 displayed significantly higher activities of β-xylanase (5.3-fold), β-xylosidase (2.9-fold), and α-arabinofuranosidase (1.5-fold), respectively, compared to B. longum D1. When B. longum D2 was inoculated in the M-SHIME, inoculated with the bacterial gut communities of the individual with low AX-degrading enzyme activities, the β-xylanase activity increased (1.5-fold) in the proximal vessel. We demonstrated the presence of differences in LC-AX degrading enzyme activities of the bacterial gut communities of two individuals in the in vitro M-SHIME model, which could be linked to the presence of a potent AX-degrading B. longum (D2) strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Truchado
- 1 Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Van den Abbeele
- 1 Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Rivière
- 2 Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Possemiers
- 1 Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L De Vuyst
- 2 Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Van de Wiele
- 1 Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Marzorati M, Qin B, Hildebrand F, Klosterbuer A, Roughead Z, Roessle C, Rochat F, Raes J, Possemiers S. Addition of acacia gum to a FOS/inulin blend improves its fermentation profile in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Marzorati M, Possemiers S, Verhelst A, Cadé D, Madit N, Van de Wiele T. A novel hypromellose capsule, with acid resistance properties, permits the targeted delivery of acid-sensitive products to the intestine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen H, Wang W, Degroote J, Possemiers S, Chen D, De Smet S, Michiels J. Arabinoxylan in wheat is more responsible than cellulose for promoting intestinal barrier function in weaned male piglets. J Nutr 2015; 145:51-8. [PMID: 25378684 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.201772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of dietary fiber on intestinal function primarily has been ascribed to its interaction with intestinal bacteria in the hindgut, whereas changes in intestinal bacteria in the host have been considered to depend on fiber composition. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the contribution of the major fiber components to the health-promoting effects of wheat bran on intestinal mucosal barrier function and to elucidate the involvement of microbiota changes in weaned piglets. METHODS Thirty freshly weaned male piglets were assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups (n = 6) according to litter and weight. The piglets consumed synthetic diets ad libitum for 30 d, including a basal control diet (CON) without fiber components, a wheat bran diet (WB) as reference diet (10% wheat bran), and 3 other diets containing amounts of fiber components equivalent to those in the WB, i.e., an arabinoxylan diet (AX), a cellulose diet (CEL), and a combined arabinoxylan and cellulose diet (CB). RESULTS The groups consuming diets containing arabinoxylans (i.e., the WB, AX, and CB groups) had increased intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations, goblet cell number and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and reduced branched-chain fatty acid concentrations and pH values compared with the CON group. In the WB group, the stimulated secretion of Cl(-) was suppressed (60.8% and 47.5% change in short-circuit current caused by theophylline and carbachol, respectively) in the distal small intestine compared with the CON group. The AX and CB groups also had increased intestinal alkaline phosphatase activities and reduced intestinal transcellular permeability (by 77.3% and 67.2%, respectively) compared with the CON group. Meanwhile, in the WB group, cecal Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteriaceae populations were lower, and the growth of Lactobacillus was higher in the AX and CB groups than in the CON group, whereas no positive effect on intestinal barrier function was observed in the CEL group. CONCLUSION Arabinoxylan in wheat bran, and not cellulose, is mainly responsible for improving various functional components of the intestinal barrier function and the involvement of microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, China; Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium; Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, China;
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium; Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Filip R, Possemiers S, Heyerick A, Pinheiro I, Raszewski G, Davicco MJ, Coxam V. Twelve-month consumption of a polyphenol extract from olive (Olea europaea) in a double blind, randomized trial increases serum total osteocalcin levels and improves serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:77-86. [PMID: 25560820 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by impaired bone turnover and compromised bone strength, thereby predisposing to increased risk of fracture. Preclinical research has shown that compounds produced by the olive tree (Olea europaea), may protect from bone loss, by increasing osteoblast activity at the expense of adipocyte formation. The aim of this exploratory study was to obtain a first insight on the effect of intake of an olive extract on bone turnover in postmenopausal women with decreased bone mass (osteopenia). DESIGN AND SETTING For that, a double blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in which participants were randomly allocated to either treatment or placebo groups. PARTICIPANTS 64 osteopenic patients, with a mean bone mineral density (BMD) T-score between -1.5 and -2.5 in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) were included in the study. INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS PARTICIPANTS received for 12 months daily either 250 mg/day of olive extract and 1000 mg Ca (treatment) or 1000 mg Ca alone (placebo). Primary endpoints consisted of evaluation of bone turnover markers. Secondary endpoints included BMD measurements and blood lipid profiles. RESULTS After 12 months, the levels of the pro-osteoblastic marker osteocalcin were found to significantly increase in the treatment group as compared to placebo. Simultaneously, BMD decreased in the placebo group, while remaining stable in the treatment group. In addition, improved lipid profiles were observed, with significant decrease in total- and LDL-cholesterol in the treatment group. CONCLUSION This exploratory study supports preclinical observations and warrants further research by showing that a specific olive polyphenol extract (Bonolive®) affects serum osteocalcin levels and may stabilize lumbar spine BMD. Moreover, the improved blood lipid profiles suggest additional health benefits associated to the intake of the olive polyphenol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Filip
- Sam Possemiers (Ph.D.), BioActor BV, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229-EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Tel.: +31437114555; FAX: +31433885889;
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Marzorati M, Vanhoecke B, De Ryck T, Sadaghian Sadabad M, Pinheiro I, Possemiers S, Van den Abbeele P, Derycke L, Bracke M, Pieters J, Hennebel T, Harmsen HJ, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T. The HMI™ module: a new tool to study the Host-Microbiota Interaction in the human gastrointestinal tract in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:133. [PMID: 24884540 PMCID: PMC4039060 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent scientific developments have shed more light on the importance of the host-microbe interaction, particularly in the gut. However, the mechanistic study of the host-microbe interplay is complicated by the intrinsic limitations in reaching the different areas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in vivo. In this paper, we present the technical validation of a new device - the Host-Microbiota Interaction (HMI) module - and the evidence that it can be used in combination with a gut dynamic simulator to evaluate the effect of a specific treatment at the level of the luminal microbial community and of the host surface colonization and signaling. Results The HMI module recreates conditions that are physiologically relevant for the GIT: i) a mucosal area to which bacteria can adhere under relevant shear stress (3 dynes cm−2); ii) the bilateral transport of low molecular weight metabolites (4 to 150 kDa) with permeation coefficients ranging from 2.4 × 10−6 to 7.1 × 10−9 cm sec−1; and iii) microaerophilic conditions at the bottom of the growing biofilm (PmO2 = 2.5 × 10−4 cm sec−1). In a long-term study, the host’s cells in the HMI module were still viable after a 48-hour exposure to a complex microbial community. The dominant mucus-associated microbiota differed from the luminal one and its composition was influenced by the treatment with a dried product derived from yeast fermentation. The latter - with known anti-inflammatory properties - induced a decrease of pro-inflammatory IL-8 production between 24 and 48 h. Conclusions The study of the in vivo functionality of adhering bacterial communities in the human GIT and of the localized effect on the host is frequently hindered by the complexity of reaching particular areas of the GIT. The HMI module offers the possibility of co-culturing a gut representative microbial community with enterocyte-like cells up to 48 h and may therefore contribute to the mechanistic understanding of host-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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García-Villalba R, Larrosa M, Possemiers S, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Bioavailability of phenolics from an oleuropein-rich olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and its acute effect on plasma antioxidant status: comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1015-27. [PMID: 24158653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest a potential protective effect of oleuropein in osteoporosis, and one of the proposed mechanisms is the modulation of the oxidative stress. Oleuropein bioavailability and its effect on antioxidant status in pre- and postmenopausal women are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral bioavailability of an olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein (40 %) and its effect on antioxidant status in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. METHODS Premenopausal (n = 8) and postmenopausal women (n = 8) received 250 mg of olive leaf extract, blood samples (t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h) were taken, and 24-h urine divided into five fractions was collected. Olive-leaf-extract-derived metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine by HPLC-ESI-QTOF and UPLC-ESI-QqQ, and pharmacokinetics parameters were determined. Ferric reducing antioxidant ability and malondialdehyde levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS Plasma levels of hydroxytyrosol glucuronide, hydroxytyrosol sulfate, oleuropein aglycon glucuronide and oleuropein aglycon derivative 1 were higher in postmenopausal women. MDA levels were significantly decreased (32%) in postmenopausal women and inversely correlated with hydroxytyrosol sulfate levels. Postmenopausal women excreted less sulfated metabolites in urine than premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postmenopausal women could be a target population for the intake of olive phenolics in order to prevent age-related and oxidative stress-related processes such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Van den Abbeele P, Venema K, Van de Wiele T, Verstraete W, Possemiers S. Different human gut models reveal the distinct fermentation patterns of Arabinoxylan versus inulin. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:9819-9827. [PMID: 24028202 DOI: 10.1021/jf4021784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Different in vitro models have been developed to assess how food compounds affect the human gut microbiota. Using two such models (SHIME(R) and TIM-2), we compared how long-chain arabinoxylan (LC-AX), a wheat-derived potentially prebiotic fiber, and inulin (IN), a well-established prebiotic compound, modulate SCFA production and bifidobacteria composition. While both the SHIME and TIM-2 differ in experimental design, they both demonstrated that LC-AX and IN specifically increased the health-promoting metabolites propionate and butyrate, respectively. Furthermore, LC-AX stimulated Bifidobacterium longum, while IN stimulated other bifidobacteria including Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The SHIME experiment also revealed that effects of LC-AX were more persistent during the 2-week wash-out period. These results confirm a recent in vivo study, during which humanized rats were treated with the same LC-AX/IN. In conclusion, results from different human gut models suggest that, besides IN, LC-AX are promising prebiotic candidates with high specificity toward Bifidobacterium longum and a selective propionate increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van den Abbeele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Possemiers S, Pinheiro I, Verhelst A, Van den Abbeele P, Maignien L, Laukens D, Reeves SG, Robinson LE, Raas T, Schneider YJ, Van de Wiele T, Marzorati M. A dried yeast fermentate selectively modulates both the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota and protects against inflammation, as studied in an integrated in vitro approach. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:9380-9392. [PMID: 24006902 DOI: 10.1021/jf402137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
EpiCor, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to have immunomodulating properties in human clinical trials and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms behind its immune protection via the gut remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use an integrated in vitro approach to evaluate the metabolism of EpiCor by the intestinal microflora, its modulating effect on the gut microbiota, and its anti-inflammatory activity on human-derived cell lines. Using the SHIME model, in combination with a mucus adhesion assay, has shown that low doses of EpiCor have a prebiotic-like modulatory effect on the luminal- and mucosa-associated microbiota. These include gradual changes in general community structure, reduction of potential pathogens, quantitative increase in lactobacilli, and qualitative modulation of bifidobacteria. Moreover, by combination of the SHIME with Caco-2 cells and Caco-2/THP1 cocultures, a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed at the end of the treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kemperman RA, Gross G, Mondot S, Possemiers S, Marzorati M, Van de Wiele T, Doré J, Vaughan EE. Impact of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice on a gut model microbiome. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Terpend K, Possemiers S, Daguet D, Marzorati M. Arabinogalactan and fructo-oligosaccharides have a different fermentation profile in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME ®). Environ Microbiol Rep 2013; 5:595-603. [PMID: 23864575 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Current prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), are limited in their persistence in the distal colon and are predominantly fermented in the proximal colon. In order to identify a potential alternative, the differences in the fermentation profile of arabinogalactan (AG) and FOS have been assessed in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem. The effect of each product on the composition and activity of the microbial community was analysed during a 3-week treatment period at a dose of 5 g day(-1). While FOS indeed was mainly fermented in the simulated proximal colon, AG was still available for fermentation in the simulated distal colon as shown by pH profiles, size exclusion chromatography and analyses of specific enzymatic activities. As a consequence, the main effect of the products (increase in propionate and butyrate and decrease in ammonium production) occurred in different intestinal areas. DGGE and qPCR analyses confirmed that the main modulation of the microbiota by the two products occurred in different areas of the gut. AG was associated with a statistically significant increase in the concentration of total bacteria, Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a delayed bifidogenic effect and a decrease of the pathogenic Clostridium perfringens. FOS led to a strong lactobacillogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Terpend
- NEXIRA SAS BRAM, 1, Avenue de la Preuilhe, Parc technologique du Lauragais, 11150, Bram, France
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Allsopp P, Possemiers S, Campbell D, Gill C, Rowland I. A comparison of the anticancer properties of isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin using in vitro models of colon cancer. Biofactors 2013; 39:441-7. [PMID: 23361834 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The hops plant (Humulus lupulus L.) is an essential ingredient in beer and contains a number of potentially bioactive prenylflavonoids, the predominant being the weakly estrogenic isoxanthohumol (Ix), which can be converted to the more strongly estrogenic 8-PN by the colonic microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activity of 8-PN and Ix using in vitro models representing key stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, namely cell growth and viability (MTT assay), cell-cycle progression (DNA content assay), DNA damage (Comet assay), and invasion (Matrigel assay). A significant decrease in Caco-2 cell viability was noted after both 8-PN and Ix treatments at the higher doses (40 and 50 μM, respectively) although the impact on cell cycle differed between the two compounds. The decreased cell viability observed after Ix treatment was associated with a concentration-dependent increase in G2/M and an increased sub-G1 cell-cycle fraction, whereas treatment with 8-PN was associated with an elevated G0/G1 and an increased sub-G1 cell-cycle fraction. Significant antigenotoxic activity was noted at all 8-PN concentrations tested (5-40 μM). Although significant antigenotoxic activity was also noted with Ix treatment at ≤25 μM, at a higher dose, Ix itself exerted genotoxic activity. In a dose-dependent manner, both compounds inhibited HT115 cell invasion with reductions up to 52 and 46% for Ix and 8-PN, respectively, in comparison to untreated cells. This study demonstrated that both Ix and its gut microbial metabolite 8-PN exert anticancer effects on models of key stages of colon tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Allsopp
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Derry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Allsopp P, Possemiers S, Campbell D, Oyarzábal IS, Gill C, Rowland I. An exploratory study into the putative prebiotic activity of fructans isolated from Agave angustifolia and the associated anticancer activity. Anaerobe 2013; 22:38-44. [PMID: 23714623 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Linear inulin-type fructan (ITF) prebiotics have a putative role in the prevention of colorectal cancer, whereas relatively little is known about branched fructans. This study aims to investigate the fermentation properties and potential prebiotic activity of branched fructans derived from Agave angustifolia Haw, using the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) model. The proximal, transverse and distal vessels were used to investigate fructan fermentation throughout the colon and to assess the alterations of the microbial composition and fermentation metabolites (short chain fatty acids and ammonia). The influence on bioactivity of the fermentation supernatant was assessed by MTT, Comet and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), respectively. Addition of Agave fructan to the SHIME model significantly increased (P < 0.05), bifidobacteria populations (proximal and transverse), SCFA concentrations (proximal, transverse and distal) and decreased ammonia concentrations in the distal vessel. Furthermore, the fermentation supernatant significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TER of a Caco-2 cell monolayer (%) and decreased fluorescein-based paracellular flux, suggesting enhanced barrier function and reduced epithelial barrier permeability (proximal and distal vessel). While cytotoxicity and genotoxicity remained unaltered in response to the presence of Agave fructans. To conclude, branched Agave fructans show indications of prebiotic activity, particularly in relation to colon health by exerting a positive influence on gut barrier function, an important aspect of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Allsopp
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster (Coleraine), Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, N. Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
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Pachikian BD, Essaghir A, Demoulin JB, Catry E, Neyrinck AM, Dewulf EM, Sohet FM, Portois L, Clerbaux LA, Carpentier YA, Possemiers S, Bommer GT, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. Prebiotic approach alleviates hepatic steatosis: implication of fatty acid oxidative and cholesterol synthesis pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012. [PMID: 23203768 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Recent data suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of host lipid metabolism. We report how fermentable dietary fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) control hepatic steatosis induced by n-3 PUFA depletion, which leads to hepatic alterations similar to those observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. METHODS AND RESULTS C57Bl/6J mice fed an n-3 PUFA-depleted diet for 3 months were supplemented with FOS during the last 10 days of treatment. FOS-treated mice exhibited higher caecal Bifidobacterium spp. and lower Roseburia spp. content. Microarray analysis of hepatic mRNA revealed that FOS supplementation reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation through a proliferator-activated receptor α-stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and lessened cholesterol accumulation by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 2-dependent cholesterol synthesis. Cultured precision-cut liver slices confirmed the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. FOS effects were related to a decreased hepatic micro-RNA33 expression and to an increased colonic glucagon-like peptide 1 production. CONCLUSIONS The changes in gut microbiota composition by n-3 PUFA-depletion and prebiotics modulate hepatic steatosis by changing gene expression in the liver, a phenomenon that could implicate micro-RNA and gut-derived hormones. Our data underline the advantage of targeting the gut microbiota by colonic nutrients in the management of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Pachikian
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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van Dorsten FA, Peters S, Gross G, Gomez-Roldan V, Klinkenberg M, de Vos RC, Vaughan EE, van Duynhoven JP, Possemiers S, van de Wiele T, Jacobs DM. Gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice is source-specific and colon-region dependent. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:11331-11342. [PMID: 23072624 DOI: 10.1021/jf303165w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The colonic microbial degradation of a polyphenol-rich black tea extract (BTE) and red wine/grape juice extract (RWGE) was compared in a five-stage in vitro gastrointestinal model (TWINSHIME). Microbial metabolism of BTE and RWGE polyphenols in the TWINSHIME was studied subsequently in single- and continuous-dose experiments. A combination of liquid or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS or GC-MS) and NMR-based metabolic profiling was used to measure selected parent polyphenols, their microbial degradation into phenolic acids, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in different colon compartments. Acetate production was increased by continuous feeding of BTE but not RWGE. During RWGE feeding, gallic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid remained elevated throughout the colon, while during BTE feeding, they were consumed in the distal colon, while 3-phenylpropionic acid was strongly produced. Gut microbial production of phenolics and SCFAs is dependent on colon location and polyphenol source, which may influence potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A van Dorsten
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Post Office Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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Marzorati M, Maignien L, Verhelst A, Luta G, Sinnott R, Kerckhof FM, Boon N, Van de Wiele T, Possemiers S. Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the microbial community in a simulator of the human gastrointestinal tract showed a colon region-specific microbiota modulation for two plant-derived polysaccharide blends. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:409-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Grootaert C, Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Van de Wiele T, Possemiers S. Prebiotics to manage the microbial control of energy homeostasis. Benef Microbes 2011; 2:305-18. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is continuously growing and has reached epidemic proportions. It is clear that current methods to combat obesity are not effective enough to reduce the problem. Therefore, further investigation is needed to develop new strategies. Recent research pointed out a potential role of the microbial community associated to the human host in controlling and influencing the energy homeostasis. According to the concept of Gastrointestinal Resource Management, this microbiota and its metabolic potential can be steered with the aim of improving host health. This review therefore focuses on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota through prebiotics with the aim to control several aspects of metabolic homeostasis. In a first part, the importance of host-microbe cross-talk at the intestinal epithelium is discussed. Yet, energy metabolism, which includes both lipid and glucose metabolism, is also regulated by several key organs including the adipose tissue, brain, liver, muscles, pancreas and gut. Therefore, in a second part, we will discuss the microbial factors that are involved in the communication between these different tissues, and their potential management. Finally, we will give some future prospects of the use of prebiotics in an individualised treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Grootaert
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M. Marzorati
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Van den Abbeele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - T. Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Everard A, Lazarevic V, Derrien M, Girard M, Muccioli GM, Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Van Holle A, François P, de Vos WM, Delzenne NM, Schrenzel J, Cani PD. Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:2775-86. [PMID: 21933985 PMCID: PMC3198091 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate deep and comprehensive analysis of gut microbial communities and biological parameters after prebiotic administration in obese and diabetic mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Genetic (ob/ob) or diet-induced obese and diabetic mice were chronically fed with prebiotic-enriched diet or with a control diet. Extensive gut microbiota analyses, including quantitative PCR, pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA, and phylogenetic microarrays, were performed in ob/ob mice. The impact of gut microbiota modulation on leptin sensitivity was investigated in diet-induced leptin-resistant mice. Metabolic parameters, gene expression, glucose homeostasis, and enteroendocrine-related L-cell function were documented in both models. RESULTS In ob/ob mice, prebiotic feeding decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes phyla, but also changed 102 distinct taxa, 16 of which displayed a >10-fold change in abundance. In addition, prebiotics improved glucose tolerance, increased L-cell number and associated parameters (intestinal proglucagon mRNA expression and plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels), and reduced fat-mass development, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation. In high fat-fed mice, prebiotic treatment improved leptin sensitivity as well as metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that specific gut microbiota modulation improves glucose homeostasis, leptin sensitivity, and target enteroendocrine cell activity in obese and diabetic mice. By profiling the gut microbiota, we identified a catalog of putative bacterial targets that may affect host metabolism in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulio M. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Holle
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author: Patrice D. Cani,
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Van den Abbeele P, Roos S, Eeckhaut V, MacKenzie DA, Derde M, Verstraete W, Marzorati M, Possemiers S, Vanhoecke B, Van Immerseel F, Van de Wiele T. Incorporating a mucosal environment in a dynamic gut model results in a more representative colonization by lactobacilli. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:106-15. [PMID: 21989255 PMCID: PMC3815277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid detrimental interactions with intestinal microbes, the human epithelium is covered with a protective mucus layer that traps host defence molecules. Microbial properties such as adhesion to mucus further result in a unique mucosal microbiota with a great potential to interact with the host. As mucosal microbes are difficult to study in vivo, we incorporated mucin-covered microcosms in a dynamic in vitro gut model, the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). We assessed the importance of the mucosal environment in this M-SHIME (mucosal-SHIME) for the colonization of lactobacilli, a group for which the mucus binding domain was recently discovered. Whereas the two dominant resident Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus mucosae and Pediococcus acidilactici, were both present in the lumen, L. mucosae was strongly enriched in mucus. As a possible explanation, the gene encoding a mucus binding (mub) protein was detected by PCR in L. mucosae. Also the strongly adherent Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) specifically colonized mucus upon inoculation. Short-term assays confirmed the strong mucin-binding of both L. mucosae and LGG compared with P.acidilactici. The mucosal environment also increased long-term colonization of L. mucosae and enhanced its stability upon antibiotic treatment (tetracycline, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin). Incorporating a mucosal environment thus allowed colonization of specific microbes such as L. mucosae and LGG, in correspondence with the in vivo situation. This may lead to more in vivo-like microbial communities in such dynamic, long-term in vitro simulations and allow the study of the unique mucosal microbiota in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van den Abbeele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Van den Abbeele P, Gérard P, Rabot S, Bruneau A, El Aidy S, Derrien M, Kleerebezem M, Zoetendal EG, Smidt H, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T, Possemiers S. Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin-degradation in humanized rats. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:2667-80. [PMID: 21883787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous gut microbiota affects the host in many ways. Prebiotics should favour beneficial intestinal microbes and thus improve host health. In this study, we investigated how a novel class of potential prebiotic long-chain arabinoxylans (LC-AX) and the well-established prebiotic inulin (IN) modulate the gut microbiota of humanized rats. Six weeks after axenic rats were inoculated with a human faecal microbiota, their colonic microbiota was similar to this inoculum (∼ 70%), whereas their caecal microbiota was enriched with Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes concomitant with lower abundance of Bacteroidetes. Moreover, different Bifidobacterium species colonized the lumen (B. adolescentis) and mucus (B. longum and B. bifidum). Both LC-AX and IN increased SCFA levels and induced a shift from acetate towards health-promoting propionate and butyrate respectively. By applying a high-resolution phylogenetic micro-array (HITChip) at the site of fermentation (caecum), IN and LC-AX were shown to stimulate bacterial groups with known butyrate-producers (Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, Anaerostipes caccae) and bifidobacteria (B. longum) respectively. Prebiotic administration also resulted in lower caecal abundances of the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and potentially more mucin production by the host. Both factors might explain the increased caecal mucin levels for LC-AX (threefold) and IN (sixfold). These mucins were degraded along the colon, resulting in high faecal abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila for LC-AX and especially IN-treated rats. Finally, the microbial changes caused an adaptation period for the host with less weight gain, after which the host fine-tuned the interaction with this altered microbiota. Our results demonstrate that next to IN, LC-AX are promising prebiotic compounds by stimulating production of health-promoting metabolites by specific microbes in the proximal regions. Further, prebiotic supplementation shifted mucin degradation to distal regions, where mucin-degraders may produce beneficial metabolites (e.g. propionate by Akkermansia muciniphila), so that prebiotics may potentially improve gut health along the entire length of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van den Abbeele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Druart C, Van de Wiele T, De Backer F, Cani PD, Larondelle Y, Delzenne NM. Prebiotic effects of wheat arabinoxylan related to the increase in bifidobacteria, Roseburia and Bacteroides/Prevotella in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20944. [PMID: 21695273 PMCID: PMC3111466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota - known as dysbiosis - has been proposed to contribute to the development of obesity, thereby supporting the potential interest of nutrients targeting the gut with beneficial effect for host adiposity. We test the ability of a specific concentrate of water-extractable high molecular weight arabinoxylans (AX) from wheat to modulate both the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or a HF diet, or a HF diet supplemented with AX (10% w/w) during 4 weeks. AX supplementation restored the number of bacteria that were decreased upon HF feeding, i.e. Bacteroides-Prevotella spp. and Roseburia spp. Importantly, AX treatment markedly increased caecal bifidobacteria content, in particular Bifidobacterium animalis lactis. This effect was accompanied by improvement of gut barrier function and by a lower circulating inflammatory marker. Interestingly, rumenic acid (C18:2 c9,t11) was increased in white adipose tissue due to AX treatment, suggesting the influence of gut bacterial metabolism on host tissue. In parallel, AX treatment decreased adipocyte size and HF diet-induced expression of genes mediating differentiation, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation and inflammation, and decreased a key lipogenic enzyme activity in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, AX treatment significantly decreased HF-induced adiposity, body weight gain, serum and hepatic cholesterol accumulation and insulin resistance. Correlation analysis reveals that Roseburia spp. and Bacteroides/Prevotella levels inversely correlate with these host metabolic parameters. Conclusions/Significance Supplementation of a concentrate of water-extractable high molecular weight AX in the diet counteracted HF-induced gut dysbiosis together with an improvement of obesity and lipid-lowering effects. We postulate that hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects are related to changes in gut microbiota. These data support a role for wheat AX as interesting nutrients with prebiotic properties related to obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Céline Druart
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabienne De Backer
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Grootaert C, Van de Wiele T, Van Roosbroeck I, Possemiers S, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Verstraete W, Bracke M, Vanhoecke B. Bacterial monocultures, propionate, butyrate and H2O2 modulate the expression, secretion and structure of the fasting-induced adipose factor in gut epithelial cell lines. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:1778-89. [PMID: 21518214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research showed that an intestinal microbial community represses the fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF) in the gut epithelium, thereby increasing fat storage in the host. This study was designed to investigate the overall effect of different bacterial species and metabolites on FIAF in intestinal (Caco-2, HT-29 and HCT-116) and hepatic (HepG2) cancer cell lines. First, we showed that FIAF was present in different isoforms, and secreted as N-glycosylated proteins, exclusively at the basal side of the cell monolayer. Second, co-incubation of cell lines with bacterial monocultures and metabolites altered both FIAF production and isoform appearance. Propionate and/or butyrate treatment increased FIAF expression and cleavage in all tested cell lines. In contrast, different bacteria induced cell line-specific FIAF modulation. Clostridium perfringens induced FIAF isoform changes in Caco-2 cells. Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron treatment resulted in cell line-specific FIAF increases, whereas Escherichia coli significantly decreased FIAF expression in HCT-116 cells. Treatment with H(2) O(2) and peroxide-producing E. faecalis strains induced FIAF isoform changes in Caco-2 cells. Since bacteria and bacterial metabolites alter both FIAF production and isoform appearance, further investigation may reveal an important role for bacteria in FIAF-regulated physiological processes, such as cell differentiation and fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Possemiers S, Benner J, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T. Studying the host-microbiota interaction in the human gastrointestinal tract: basic concepts and in vitro approaches. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Van den Abbeele P, Van de Wiele T, Verstraete W, Possemiers S. The host selects mucosal and luminal associations of coevolved gut microorganisms: a novel concept. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35:681-704. [PMID: 21361997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Along the human gastrointestinal tract, microorganisms are confronted with multiple barriers. Besides selective physical conditions, the epithelium is regularly replaced and covered with a protective mucus layer trapping immune molecules. Recent insights into host defense strategies show that the host selects the intestinal microbiota, particularly the mucosa-associated microbial community. In this context, humans coevolved with thousands of intestinal microbial species that have adapted to provide host benefits, while avoiding pathogenic behavior that might destabilize their host interaction. While mucosal microorganisms would be crucial for immunological priming, luminal microorganisms would be important for nutrient digestion. Further, we propose that the intestinal microorganisms also coevolved with each other, leading to coherently organized, resilient microbial associations. During disturbances, functionally redundant members become more abundant and are crucial for preserving community functionality. The outside of the mucus layer, where host defense molecules are more diluted, could serve as an environment where microorganisms are protected from disturbances in the lumen and from where they can recolonize the lumen after perturbations. This might explain the remarkable temporal stability of microbial communities. Finally, commensals that become renegade or a decreased exposure to essential coevolved microorganisms may cause particular health problems such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity or allergies.
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Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Verstraete W, De Backer F, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. Dietary modulation of clostridial cluster XIVa gut bacteria (Roseburia spp.) by chitin-glucan fiber improves host metabolic alterations induced by high-fat diet in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:51-9. [PMID: 21411304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have provided new evidence that alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota--known as dysbiosis--participate in the development of obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of chitin-glucan (CG) from a fungal source to modulate both the gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice. Supplementation of the HF diet with fungal CG (10% w/w) induced caecal enlargement with prominent changes in gut microbiota: it restored the number of bacteria from clostridial cluster XIVa including Roseburia spp., which were decreased due to HF feeding. Furthermore, CG treatment significantly decreased HF-induced body weight gain, fat mass development, fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hepatic triglyceride accumulation and hypercholesterolemia, independently of the caloric intake. All those parameters were negatively correlated with specific bacteria of clostridial cluster XIVa, i.e., Roseburia spp. (Pearson's correlations analysis). In contrast to prebiotics that more specifically target the bifidobacteria species, CG effects on obesity appear to be independent of the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) production, since portal GLP-1 and proglucagon (its precursor) expression were not modified by the dietary intervention. In conclusion, our findings support the view that chronic consumption of CG has potential beneficial effects with respect to the development of obesity and associated metabolic diabetes and hepatic steatosis, through a mechanism related to the restoration of the composition and/or the activity of gut bacteria, namely, bacteria from clostridial cluster XIVa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Almeida A, Possemiers S, Boone M, De Beer T, Quinten T, Van Hoorebeke L, Remon J, Vervaet C. Ethylene vinyl acetate as matrix for oral sustained release dosage forms produced via hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bolca S, Li J, Nikolic D, Roche N, Blondeel P, Possemiers S, De Keukeleire D, Bracke M, Heyerick A, van Breemen RB, Depypere H. Disposition of hop prenylflavonoids in human breast tissue. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S284-94. [PMID: 20486208 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hop-derived products may contain xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). To evaluate the potential health effects of these prenylflavonoids on breast tissue, their concentration, nature of metabolites, and biodistribution were assessed and compared with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) exposure. In this dietary intervention study, women were randomly allocated to hop (n=11; 2.04 mg XN, 1.20 mg IX, and 0.1 mg 8-PN per supplement) or control (n=10). After a run-in of >or=4 days, three supplements were taken daily for 5 days preceding an aesthetic breast reduction. Blood and breast biopsies were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Upon hop administration, XN and IX concentrations ranged between 0.72 and 17.65 nmol/L and 3.30 and 31.50 nmol/L, and between 0.26 and 5.14 pmol/g and 1.16 and 83.67 pmol/g in hydrolyzed serum and breast tissue, respectively. 8-PN however, was only detected in samples of moderate and strong 8-PN producers (0.43-7.06 nmol/L and 0.78-4.83 pmol/g). Phase I metabolism appeared to be minor (approximately 10%), whereas extensive glucuronidation was observed (> 90%). Total prenylflavonoids showed a breast adipose/glandular tissue distribution of 38/62 and their derived E(2)-equivalents were negligible compared with E(2) in adipose (384.6+/-118.8 fmol/g, p=0.009) and glandular (241.6+/-93.1 fmol/g, p<0.001) tissue, respectively. Consequently, low doses of prenylflavonoids are unlikely to elicit estrogenic responses in breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Bolca
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-UGent, Belgium
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De Weirdt R, Possemiers S, Vermeulen G, Moerdijk-Poortvliet TCW, Boschker HTS, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T. Human faecal microbiota display variable patterns of glycerol metabolism. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 74:601-11. [PMID: 20946352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant amounts of glycerol reach the colon microbiota daily through the diet and/or by in situ microbial production or release from desquamated epithelial cells. Some gut microorganisms may anaerobically reduce glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), with 3-hydroxypropanal as an intermediate. Accumulation of the latter intermediate may result in the formation of reuterin, which is known for its biological activity (e.g. antimicrobial properties). To date, glycerol metabolism in mixed cultures from the human colon has received little attention. Using in vitro batch incubations of faeces from 10 human individuals, we demonstrated that glycerol addition (140 mM) significantly affects the metabolism and composition of the microbial community. About a third of the samples exhibited rapid glycerol conversion, yielding proportionally higher levels of acetate and 1,3-PDO. In contrast, a slower glycerol metabolism resulted in higher levels of propionate. Furthermore, rapid glycerol metabolism correlated with significant shifts in the Lactobacillus-Enterococcus community, which were not observed in slower glycerol-metabolizing samples. As the conversion of glycerol to 1,3-PDO is a highly reducing process, we infer that the glycerol metabolism may act as an effective hydrogen sink. Given the importance of hydrogen-consuming processes in the gut, this work suggests that glycerol may have potential as a tool for modulating fermentation kinetics and profiles in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie De Weirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Gross G, Jacobs DM, Peters S, Possemiers S, van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, van de Wiele T. In vitro bioconversion of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice by human intestinal microbiota displays strong interindividual variability. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:10236-46. [PMID: 20726519 DOI: 10.1021/jf101475m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols in tea and wine have been associated with beneficial health effects. After ingestion, most polyphenols are metabolized by the colonic microbiota. The current study aimed at exploring the interindividual variation of gut microbial polyphenol bioconversion from 10 healthy human subjects. In vitro fecal batch fermentations simulating conditions in the distal colon were performed using polyphenols from black tea and a mixture of red wine and grape juice. Microbial bioconversion was monitored by NMR- and GC-MS-based profiling of diverse metabolites and phenolics. The complex polyphenol mixtures were degraded to a limited number of key metabolites. Each subject displayed a specific metabolite profile differing in composition and time courses as well as levels of these metabolites. Moreover, clear differences depending on the polyphenol sources were observed. In conclusion, varying metabolite pathways among individuals result in different metabolome profiles and therefore related health effects are hypothesized to differ between subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gross
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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