1
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Beltrán D, Frutos-Lisón MD, García-Villalba R, Yuste JE, García V, Espín JC, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA. NMR Spectroscopic Identification of Urolithin G, a Novel Trihydroxy Urolithin Produced by Human Intestinal Enterocloster Species. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:11921-11928. [PMID: 37494568 PMCID: PMC10416303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins are gut microbiota metabolites of ellagic acid. Here, we have identified and chemically characterized a novel urolithin produced from urolithin D (3,4,8,9-tetrahydroxy urolithin) by in vitro incubation with different human gut Enterocloster species under anaerobic conditions. Urolithin G (3,4,8-trihydroxy urolithin) was identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV, HRMS, and 2D NMR. For the identification, NMR spectra of other known urolithins were also recorded and compared. Urolithin G was present in the feces of 12% of volunteers in an overweight-obese group after consuming an ellagitannin-rich pomegranate extract. The production of urolithin G required a bacterial 9-dehydroxylase activity and was not specific to the known human urolithin metabotypes A and B. The ability to produce urolithin G could be considered an additional metabolic feature for volunteer stratification and bioactivity studies. This is the first urolithin with a catechol group in ring A while having only one hydroxyl in ring B, a unique feature not found in human and animal samples so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beltrán
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María D. Frutos-Lisón
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan C. Espín
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Iglesias-Aguirre C, García-Villalba R, Beltrán D, Frutos-Lisón MD, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA, Selma MV. Gut Bacteria Involved in Ellagic Acid Metabolism To Yield Human Urolithin Metabotypes Revealed. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:4029-4035. [PMID: 36840624 PMCID: PMC9999415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the gut bacteria that characterize the human urolithin metabotypes A and B (UM-A and UM-B). We report here a new bacterium isolated from the feces of a healthy woman, capable of producing the final metabolites urolithins A and B and different intermediates. Besides, we describe two gut bacterial co-cultures that reproduced the urolithin formation pathways upon in vitro fermentation of both UM-A and UM-B. This is the first time that the capacity of pure strains to metabolize ellagic acid cooperatively to yield urolithin profiles associated with UM-A and UM-B has been demonstrated. The urolithin-producing bacteria described herein could have potential as novel probiotics and in the industrial manufacture of bioactive urolithins to develop new ingredients, beverages, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and (or) functional foods. This is especially relevant in UM-0 individuals since they cannot produce bioactive urolithins.
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3
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Ares AM, Toribio L, García-Villalba R, Villalgordo JM, Althobaiti Y, Tomás-Barberán FA, Bernal J. Separation of Isomeric Forms of Urolithin Glucuronides Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3033-3039. [PMID: 36719954 PMCID: PMC9936581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins are gut microbiota metabolites produced in humans after consuming foods containing ellagitannins and ellagic acid. Three urolithin metabotypes have been reported for different individuals depending on the final urolithins produced. After absorption, they are conjugated with glucuronic acid (phase II metabolism), and these are the main circulating metabolites in plasma and reach different tissues. Different regioisomeric isomers of urolithin glucuronides have been described. Still, their identification and quantification in humans have not been properly reported due to resolution limitations in their analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In the present study, we report a novel method for separating these isomers using supercritical fluid chromatography. With this method, urolithin A 3- and 8-glucuronide, isourolithin A 3- and 9- glucuronide, and urolithin B 3-glucuronide (8-hydroxy urolithin 3-glucuronide; 3-hydroxy urolithin 8-glucuronide; 3-hydroxyurolithin 9-glucuronide; 9-hydroxyurolithin 3-glucuronide; and urolithin 3-glucuronide) were separated in less than 15 min. The proposed method was applied to successfully analyze these metabolites in urine samples from different volunteers belonging to different metabotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Ares
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Laura Toribio
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- CEBAS-CSIC,
Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived
Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Jose M. Villalgordo
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L.; Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Fuente Álamo, Murcia E-30320, Spain
| | - Yusuf Althobaiti
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- CEBAS-CSIC,
Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived
Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Bernal
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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4
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Salazar-Orbea G, García-Villalba R, Bernal MJ, Hernández-Jiménez A, Egea JA, Tomás-Barberán FA, Sánchez-Siles LM. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Polyphenols of Apple and Strawberry Purees Produced at Industrial Scale by Different Processing Techniques. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2541-2553. [PMID: 36706308 PMCID: PMC9912326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During a food product's life, storage conditions affect its composition of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and sensory attributes. In this research, strawberry and apple purees were selected as a model to examine how the storage of various purees industrially produced with different technologies affect the bioactive phenolic compounds, color, and sensory attributes. Specifically, fruit products processed on an industrial scale by different technologies including freezing, thermal treatment (mild and standard), and high-pressure processing were studied, as well as storage for up to 12 months at -20, 4, and 24 °C. In strawberry puree, storage conditions had a stronger impact on phenolic compound levels, particularly on anthocyanins, whereas in apple puree, the initial processing techniques exerted a greater influence than storage conditions, mainly caused by the hot or cold crushing processes. In general, proanthocyanidins were the major phenolic group and the most stable during storage, while anthocyanins were the group most affected by both processing and storage. Apple flavonols and dihydrochalcones were quite stable, while strawberry ellagitannins suffered higher degradations during storage. Through our analysis, it is found that during storage, the stability of polyphenols in each fruit is different, and processing and storage can be either detrimental or even beneficial. The selection of the ideal storage conditions (time and temperature) is a key factor to maintaining the polyphenol content in sensitive fruits such as strawberries. However, storage conditions are in some cases more important to minimizing the polyphenol losses than how the product is processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela
L. Salazar-Orbea
- Quality,
Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Quality,
Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María J. Bernal
- Research
and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Spain
- Institute
for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | | | - Jose A. Egea
- Quality,
Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Quality,
Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis M. Sánchez-Siles
- Research
and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Spain
- Institute
for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
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5
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Salazar-Orbea GL, García-Villalba R, Bernal MJ, Hernández A, Tomás-Barberán FA, Sánchez-Siles LM. Stability of phenolic compounds in apple and strawberry: Effect of different processing techniques in industrial set up. Food Chem 2023; 401:134099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Polia F, Horcajada MN, Poquet L, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R. A novel combined analytical UV and MS approach for the quantification of oleuropein metabolites in human biological samples when authentic standards are not available. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123457. [PMID: 36150306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial health effects of phytochemicals depend on their bioavailability and the form under which they reach systemic circulation, usually as phase II metabolites. The lack of authentic standards for these metabolites makes their quantification in biological samples challenging. A new analytical approach to get a more accurate quantification of oleuropein metabolites in biological samples after ingestion of olive leaf extract was proposed. This approach was based on the calculation of a response factor in QTOF MS for each metabolite, comparing their quantification in UV and MS using urine samples concentrated in the metabolites of interest. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of hydroxytyrosol and homovanillyl alcohol were more accurately quantified in plasma and urine and for the first time, oleuropein aglycone conjugates and their hydroxylated and hydrogenated derivatives were quantified after consumption of olive products. This approach could be extensible to the analysis of other phenolic metabolites when authentic standards are not available, opening a valuable method for bioavailability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Polia
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marie-Noelle Horcajada
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Innovation EPFL Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laure Poquet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Innovation EPFL Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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7
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Villalgordo JM, Trulli L, García-Villalba R, García V, Althobaiti Y, Tomás-Barberán FA. Novel Regioselective Synthesis of Urolithin Glucuronides─Human Gut Microbiota Cometabolites of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:5819-5828. [PMID: 35533350 PMCID: PMC9121390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins (dibenzo-pyran-[b,d]-6 one derivatives) are human gut microbiota metabolites produced from the natural food antioxidant ellagic acid. Urolithins are better absorbed than ellagic acid and demonstrate biological activities that suggest that they are responsible for the health effects observed after consuming ellagitannin- and ellagic acid-containing foods. Urolithins occur in the systemic circulation as glucuronide conjugates following phase II metabolism. These phase II conjugates are essential for testing the urolithin mechanisms of action in human cell line bioassays. Urolithin glucuronides are not commercially available, and their biosynthesis leads to mixtures of regional isomers. This study describes a novel and regioselective synthesis of urolithin A (3,8-dihydroxy urolithin) 3- and 8-glucuronides and isourolithin A (3,9-dihydroxy urolithin) 3- and 9-glucuronides. The metabolites were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry. The presence of these metabolites in human subjects belonging to different urolithin metabotypes was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Villalgordo
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico
de Fuente Alamo, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Trulli
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico
de Fuente Alamo, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Victor García
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Yusuf Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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8
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Polia F, Pastor-Belda M, Martínez-Blázquez A, Horcajada MN, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R. Technological and Biotechnological Processes To Enhance the Bioavailability of Dietary (Poly)phenols in Humans. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2092-2107. [PMID: 35156799 PMCID: PMC8880379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of (poly)phenols (PPs) depend upon their bioavailability that, in general, is very low and shows a high interindividual variability. The low bioavailability of PPs is mainly attributed to their low absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract as a result of their low water solubility, their presence in foods as polymers or in glycosylated forms, and their tight bond to food matrices. Although many studies have investigated how technological and biotechnological processes affect the phenolic composition of fruits and vegetables, limited information exists regarding their effects on PP bioavailability in humans. In the present review, the effect of food processing (mechanical, thermal, and non-thermal treatments), oral-delivery nanoformulations, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, co-administration with probiotics, and generation of postbiotics in PP bioavailability have been overviewed, focusing in the evidence provided in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Polia
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of
International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Blázquez
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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9
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Salazar-Orbea GL, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán FA, Sánchez-Siles LM. High-Pressure Processing vs. Thermal Treatment: Effect on the Stability of Polyphenols in Strawberry and Apple Products. Foods 2021; 10:2919. [PMID: 34945472 PMCID: PMC8700600 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are important bioactive compounds that are affected by processing. The consumer's demand for minimally processed products contributes to the increase in non-thermal technologies such as high-pressure processing (HPP) in the food industry. This review is aimed at critically discussing the positive and negative effects of thermal treatment (TT) and HPP on the stability of different polyphenol families in agro-food products obtained from strawberry and apple, two of the most used fruits in food processing. Our findings show that the phenolic content was affected by processing, fruit type, polyphenol family, and storage conditions (time and temperature) of the final product. To increase shelf life, manufacturers aiming to preserve the natural content of polyphenols need to find the sweet spot between polyphenol stability and product shelf-life since the residual enzyme activity from HPP can affect polyphenols negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lorena Salazar-Orbea
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.L.S.-O.); (R.G.-V.)
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.L.S.-O.); (R.G.-V.)
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.L.S.-O.); (R.G.-V.)
| | - Luis Manuel Sánchez-Siles
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Spain;
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
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10
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Linares R, Fernández MF, Gutiérrez A, García-Villalba R, Suárez B, Zapater P, Martínez-Blázquez JA, Caparrós E, Tomás-Barberán FA, Francés R. Endocrine disruption in Crohn's disease: Bisphenol A enhances systemic inflammatory response in patients with gut barrier translocation of dysbiotic microbiota products. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21697. [PMID: 34085740 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100481r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of environmental triggers in Crohn's disease remains poorly explored, despite the well-known association between industrialization and disease onset/progression. We have aimed at evaluating the influence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in CD patients. We performed a prospective observational study on consecutive patients diagnosed of CD. Serum levels of endocrine disruptors, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan and cytokines were measured. Bacterial-DNA and serum endotoxin levels were also evaluated. Gene expression of ER-α, ER-β and GPER was measured in PBMCs. All patients were genotyped for NOD2 and ATG16L1 polymorphisms. A series of 200 CD patients (140 in remission, 60 with active disease) was included in the study. Bisphenol A was significantly higher in patients with active disease versus remission and in colonic versus ileal disease. GPER was significantly increased in active patients and correlated with BPA levels. BPA was significantly increased in patients with bacterial-DNA and correlated with serum endotoxin levels, (r = 0.417; P = .003). Serum butyrate and tryptophan levels were significantly lower in patients with bacterial-DNA and an inverse relationship was present between them and BPA levels (r = -0.491; P = .001) (r = -0.611; P = .001). Serum BPA levels correlated with IL-23 (r = 0.807; P = .001) and IL-17A (r = 0.743; P = .001). The multivariate analysis revealed an independent significant contribution of BPA and bacterial-DNA to serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17A. In conclusion, bisphenol A significantly affects systemic inflammatory response in CD patients with gut barrier disruption and dysbiotic microbiota secretory products in blood. These results provide evidence of an endocrine disruptor playing an actual pathogenic role on CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Linares
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBEResp, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Suárez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,CIBEResp, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Zapater
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Esther Caparrós
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Francés
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Cortés-Martín A, García-Villalba R, García-Mantrana I, Rodríguez-Varela A, Romo-Vaquero M, Collado MC, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, Selma MV. Urolithins in Human Breast Milk after Walnut Intake and Kinetics of Gordonibacter Colonization in Newly Born: The Role of Mothers' Urolithin Metabotypes. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:12606-12616. [PMID: 33135412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-infant transmission of several urolithins through breast milk and the gut colonization of infants by the urolithin-producing bacterium Gordonibacter during their first year of life were explored. Two trials (proof-of-concept study: n = 11; validation study: n = 30) were conducted, where breastfeeding mothers consumed walnuts as a dietary source of urolithin precursors. An analytical method was developed and validated to characterize the urolithin profile in breast milk. Total urolithins ranged from 8.5 to 176.9 nM, while they were not detected in breast milk of three mothers. The mothers' urolithin metabotypes governed the urolithin profile in breast milk, which might have biological significance on infants. A specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction method allowed monitoring the gut colonization of infants by Gordonibacter during their first year of life, and neither breastfeeding nor vaginal delivery was essential for this. The pattern of Gordonibacter establishment in babies was conditioned by their mother's urolithin metabotype, probably because of mother-baby close contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Izaskun García-Mantrana
- Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | | | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
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12
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García-Villalba R, Beltrán D, Frutos MD, Selma MV, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Metabolism of different dietary phenolic compounds by the urolithin-producing human-gut bacteria Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens. Food Funct 2020; 11:7012-7022. [PMID: 32716447 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens are two human gut bacterial species that convert ellagic acid into urolithins. Urolithins are bioactive postbiotics produced by dehydroxylation reactions catalyzed by different catechol-dehydroxylases. The metabolic ability of these anaerobic bacteria on other dietary-phenolic compounds is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the metabolism of flavonoids (quercetin, hesperetin, hesperidin, nobiletin, catechin, isoxanthohumol), isoflavonoids (daidzein), coumarins (esculetin, umbelliferone, scoparone), phenylpropanoids [caffeic acid; 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (dihydrocaffeic acid); rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid], benzoic acid derivatives (gallic acid, ellagic acid), lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside), stilbenes (resveratrol), and secoiridoids (oleuropein) by G. urolithinfaciens DSM 27213T and E. isourolithinifaciens DSM 104140T. Both strains metabolized ellagic acid leading to the characteristic urolithins. They also metabolized caffeic, dihydrocaffeic, rosmarinic, and chlorogenic acids. The rest of the phenolic compounds were not transformed. Catechol dehydroxylation and double bond reduction were prominent transformations observed during the incubations. The enzymatic activities seem to have a narrow substrate scope as many catechol- (quercetin, catechin, esculetin, gallic acid) and double bond-containing (resveratrol, esculetin, scoparone, umbelliferone) phenolics were not metabolized. The catechol-dehydroxylase activity was more efficient in E. isourolithinifaciens, while the reductase activity was more relevant in G. urolithinfaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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13
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García-Villalba R, Selma MV, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Correction to Identification of Novel Urolithin Metabolites in Human Feces and Urine after the Intake of a Pomegranate Extract. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3297. [PMID: 32105457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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14
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Nikolic M, Konic Ristic A, González-Sarrías A, Istas G, Urpi-Sarda M, Dall'Asta M, Monfoulet LE, Cloetens L, Bayram B, Tumolo MR, Chervenkov M, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Tejera N, Abadjieva D, Chambers K, Krga I, Tomás-Barberán FA, Morand C, Feliciano R, García-Villalba R, Garcia-Aloy M, Mena P. Improving the reporting quality of intervention trials addressing the inter-individual variability in response to the consumption of plant bioactives: quality index and recommendations. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:49-64. [PMID: 31492976 PMCID: PMC6851030 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The quality of the study design and data reporting in human trials dealing with the inter-individual variability in response to the consumption of plant bioactives is, in general, low. There is a lack of recommendations supporting the scientific community on this topic. This study aimed at developing a quality index to assist the assessment of the reporting quality of intervention trials addressing the inter-individual variability in response to plant bioactive consumption. Recommendations for better designing and reporting studies were discussed. METHODS The selection of the parameters used for the development of the quality index was carried out in agreement with the scientific community through a survey. Parameters were defined, grouped into categories, and scored for different quality levels. The applicability of the scoring system was tested in terms of consistency and effort, and its validity was assessed by comparison with a simultaneous evaluation by experts' criteria. RESULTS The "POSITIVe quality index" included 11 reporting criteria grouped into four categories (Statistics, Reporting, Data presentation, and Individual data availability). It was supported by detailed definitions and guidance for their scoring. The quality index score was tested, and the index demonstrated to be valid, reliable, and responsive. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the reporting quality of studies addressing inter-individual variability in response to plant bioactives highlighted the aspects requiring major improvements. Specific tools and recommendations favoring a complete and transparent reporting on inter-individual variability have been provided to support the scientific community on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma De Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Dall'Asta
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Research Unit of Brindisi, Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Mihail Chervenkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karen Chambers
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Irena Krga
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christine Morand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma De Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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15
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García-Villalba R, Selma MV, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Identification of Novel Urolithin Metabolites in Human Feces and Urine after the Intake of a Pomegranate Extract. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11099-11107. [PMID: 31496244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins are bioactive gut microbiota metabolites of ellagic acid. Here, we have identified four unknown urolithins in human feces after the intake of a pomegranate extract. The new metabolites occurred only in 19% of the subjects. 4,8,9,10-Tetrahydroxy urolithin, (urolithin M6R), was unambiguously identified by 1H NMR, UV, and HRMS. Three metabolites were tentatively identified by the UV, HRMS, and chromatographic behavior, as 4,8,10-trihydroxy (urolithin M7R), 4,8,9-trihydroxy (urolithin CR), and 4,8-dihydroxy (urolithin AR) urolithins. Phase II conjugates of the novel urolithins were detected in urine and confirmed their absorption, circulation, and urinary excretion. The production of the new urolithins was not specific of any of the known urolithin metabotypes A and B. The new metabolites needed a bacterial 3-dehydroxylase activity for their production, and this is a novel feature as all the previously known urolithins maintained the hydroxyl at 3 position. The ability of production of these "R" urolithins can be considered an additional metabolic feature for volunteer stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo , Murcia 30100 , Spain
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo , Murcia 30100 , Spain
| | - Juan C Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo , Murcia 30100 , Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo , Murcia 30100 , Spain
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16
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Beltrán D, Frutos-Lisón MD, Espín JC, García-Villalba R. Re-examining the role of the gut microbiota in the conversion of the lipid-lowering statin monacolin K (lovastatin) into its active β-hydroxy acid metabolite. Food Funct 2019; 10:1787-1791. [PMID: 30882807 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monacolin K (MK, lovastatin), a naturally occurring statin, only exerts lipid-lowering effects in its active β-hydroxy acid form (MKA). This activation was thought to be mediated by the gut microbiota (GM). We report here for the first time that the GM does not convert MK into MKA (a spontaneous pH-dependent conversion) but catabolises MKA. The GM might hamper the lipid-lowering effects by degrading the active metabolite MKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beltrán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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17
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Díaz-Mula HM, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R. Pomegranate Fruit and Juice (cv. Mollar), Rich in Ellagitannins and Anthocyanins, Also Provide a Significant Content of a Wide Range of Proanthocyanidins. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9160-9167. [PMID: 30768267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) were characterized in husk, membranes, arils, and seeds of 'Mollar de Elche' pomegranate cultivar using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry after acid catalysis in the presence of phloroglucinol (phloroglucinolysis). PAs were also evaluated in commercial juice and in the juice made in the laboratory by pressing fresh arils. Pomegranate PAs were composed of a very rich mixture of flavan-3-ols: catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate. Catechins and gallocatechins were the most abundant units, while galloylated flavanols were detected at lower concentrations. The highest PA content was found in husk (1840.5 μg/g), followed by seeds (316.2 μg/g) and membranes (51.4 μg/g). With regard to the pomegranate edible parts, arils showed concentrations of 34.4 μg/g and pressed aril juice of 21.3 mg/L, lower than those found in other traditional PA-containing food and beverages, such as apple, grapes, chocolate, red wine, or tea. Higher concentrations similar to those found in red wine were observed in commercial whole fruit pressed pomegranate juice (146.9 mg/L). These PA concentrations represented between 0.1 and 7% of the total polyphenol content in the different pomegranate samples, which were richer in ellagitannins and anthocyanins. The mean degree of polymerization (1.2-2.1) revealed that PAs in Mollar pomegranate samples are constituted mainly of monomers and dimers, which may influence in better absorption and bioavailability of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huertas M Díaz-Mula
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC) , Post Office Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia , Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC) , Post Office Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia , Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC) , Post Office Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia , Spain
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18
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Juanola O, Ferrusquía-Acosta J, García-Villalba R, Zapater P, Magaz M, Marín A, Olivas P, Baiges A, Bellot P, Turon F, Hernández-Gea V, González-Navajas JM, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Pagán JC, Francés R. Circulating levels of butyrate are inversely related to portal hypertension, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation in patients with cirrhosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:11595-11605. [PMID: 31345057 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901327r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbiota-derived products that participate in maintaining the gut barrier integrity and host's immune response. We hypothesize that reduced SCFA levels are associated with systemic inflammation, endotoxemia, and more severe hemodynamic alterations in cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis referred for a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement (n = 62) or a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement (n = 12) were included. SCFAs were measured in portal (when available), hepatic, and peripheral blood samples by GC-MS. Serum endotoxins, proinflammatory cytokines, and NO levels were quantified. SCFA levels were significantly higher in portal vs. hepatic and peripheral blood. There were inverse relationships between SCFAs and the severity of disease. SCFAs (mainly butyric acid) inversely correlated with the model for end-stage liver disease score and were further reduced in patients with history of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. There was an inverse relationship between butyric acid and HVPG values. SCFAs were directly related with systemic vascular resistance and inversely with cardiac index. Butyric acid inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and serum endotoxin. A global reduction in the blood levels of SCFA in patients with cirrhosis is associated with a more advanced liver disease, suggesting its contribution to disease progression.-Juanola, O., Ferrusquía-Acosta, J., García-Villalba, R., Zapater, P., Magaz, M., Marín, A., Olivas, P., Baiges, A., Bellot, P., Turon, F., Hernández-Gea, V., González-Navajas, J. M., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., García-Pagán, J. C., Francés, R. Circulating levels of butyrate are inversely related to portal hypertension, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Juanola
- Departamento Medicina Clínica, Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Ferrusquía-Acosta
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Zapater
- Departamento Medicina Clínica, Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Magaz
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Marín
- Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Pol Olivas
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Baiges
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Bellot
- El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fanny Turon
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M González-Navajas
- El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan C García-Pagán
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Departamento Medicina Clínica, Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Cortés-Martín A, García-Villalba R, González-Sarrías A, Romo-Vaquero M, Loria-Kohen V, Ramírez-de-Molina A, Tomás-Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC. The gut microbiota urolithin metabotypes revisited: the human metabolism of ellagic acid is mainly determined by aging. Food Funct 2018; 9:4100-4106. [PMID: 30004553 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00956b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding individuals' response to dietary bioactives is crucial for personalized nutrition. We report here for the first time in a Caucasian cohort (5-90 years, n = 839) that aging is the main factor that determines the gut microbiota involved in the ellagic acid-ellagitannin metabolism (urolithin metabotypes), with potential consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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20
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Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Espín JC, García-Villalba R. The Human Metabolism of Nuts Proanthocyanidins does not Reveal Urinary Metabolites Consistent with Distinctive Gut Microbiota Metabotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800819. [PMID: 30444059 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The stratification of individuals according to their gut microbiota metabotypes is crucial to understand the polyphenols health effects as reported for isoflavones and ellagitannins. To date, the existence of human gut microbiota metabotypes associated with proanthocyanidins (PAs) catabolism remains unclear. METHODS & RESULTS Sixty-eight healthy volunteers (40 adolescents and 28 adults) consumed a mixture of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts for 3 days, providing 163.65 ± 11.74 mg of PAs. Urine samples were analyzed by ultra-performance LC-ESI-quadrupole time-of-flight. Twenty-one isomers of conjugated valerolactones and valeric acids were identified, which derived from six valerolactone and valeric acid precursors after analysis of hydrolyzed urine. This combined approach allowed discrimination between the inter-individual variability related to phase-II enzymes polymorphisms and the metabolism of PAs by the gut microbiota. No associations of PAs metabolism with gender, age, BMI, or ellagitannin metabotypes were found. Different quantitative excretion was observed after multivariate analysis but not true gut microbiota metabotypes associated with PAs catabolism. CONCLUSIONS The metabolism of PAs does not reveal urinary metabolites consistent with distinctive gut microbiota metabotypes. The quantitative excretion of metabolites is inadequate to stratify individuals due to the strong influence of external factors (source, quantity, and time of the last intake of PAs, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Juanola O, Piñero P, Gómez-Hurtado I, Caparrós E, García-Villalba R, Marín A, Zapater P, Tarín F, González-Navajas JM, Tomás-Barberán FA, Francés R. Regulatory T Cells Restrict Permeability to Bacterial Antigen Translocation and Preserve Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Experimental Cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1610-1623. [PMID: 30556045 PMCID: PMC6287488 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal permeability to translocation of bacterial products is increased in cirrhosis. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) remain central to the interplay between the host and microbial milieu. We propose that Tregs are involved in promoting gut barrier integrity and a balanced interaction with gut microbiota–derived short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Carbon tetrachloride cirrhosis was induced in wild‐type and recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1)‐/‐ mice. Naive T cells and Treg cells were transferred into Rag1‐/‐ mice. Intestinal permeability was assessed in vivo after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) oral administration, and bacterial DNA presence was evaluated in mesenteric lymph nodes. Transcript and protein levels of tight‐junction (TJ) proteins were measured in colonic tissue. Intestinal T helper profile in response to Escherichia coli (E. coli) was determined by flow cytometry. SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in colonic content before and after E. coli challenge. Rag1‐/‐ mice showed significantly increased permeability to LPS and bacterial DNA translocation rate compared with control mice. Naive T and Treg cotransfer significantly reduced gut permeability to bacterial antigen translocation and restored TJ protein expression in Rag1‐/‐ mice. Naive T and Treg replenishment in Rag1‐/‐ mice restrained proinflammatory differentiation of intestinal lymphocytes in response to E. coli. The main SCFA concentration resulted in significant reduction in Rag1‐/‐ mice after E. coli administration but remained unaltered after naive T and Tregs cotransfer. The reduced expression of SCFA receptors induced by E. coli was reestablished following naive T and Treg reconstitution in Rag1‐/‐ mice. Conclusion: The restriction of gut permeability, local inflammatory differentiation, and loss of bacteria‐derived SCFAs foster the value of Tregs in preventing bacterial translocation in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Juanola
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain.,Dpto. Medicina Clínica Universidad Miguel Hernández San Juan Spain
| | - Paula Piñero
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Isabel Gómez-Hurtado
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Esther Caparrós
- Dpto. Medicina Clínica Universidad Miguel Hernández San Juan Spain
| | | | - Alicia Marín
- CEBAS-CSIC Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Pedro Zapater
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain.,Dpto. Farmacología, Pediatría y Química Orgánica Universidad Miguel Hernández San Juan Spain
| | - Fabián Tarín
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - José M González-Navajas
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | | | - Rubén Francés
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain.,Dpto. Medicina Clínica Universidad Miguel Hernández San Juan Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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Bayram B, González-Sarrías A, Istas G, Garcia-Aloy M, Morand C, Tuohy K, García-Villalba R, Mena P. Breakthroughs in the Health Effects of Plant Food Bioactives: A Perspective on Microbiomics, Nutri(epi)genomics, and Metabolomics. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10686-10692. [PMID: 30208704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant bioactive compounds consumed as part of our diet are able to influence human health. They include secondary metabolites like (poly)phenols, carotenoids, glucosinolates, alkaloids, and terpenes. Although much knowledge has been gained, there is still need for studies unravelling the effects of plant bioactives on cardiometabolic health at the individual level, using cutting-edge high-resolution and data-rich holistic approaches. The aim of this Perspective is to review the prospects of microbiomics, nutrigenomics and nutriepigenomics, and metabolomics to assess the response to plant bioactive consumption while considering interindividual variability. Insights for future research in the field toward personalized nutrition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , University of Health Sciences , Tibbiye Cad. No: 38 , 34668 Uskudar, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo , Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , U.K
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08007 , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona 28029 , Spain
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach , Via E. Mach, 1 , San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento , Italy
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo , Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drugs , University of Parma , Via Volturno 39 , 43125 Parma , Italy
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Otero JA, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Álvarez AI, Merino G. An altered tissue distribution of flaxseed lignans and their metabolites in Abcg2 knockout mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:636-642. [PMID: 29292449 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01549f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are dietary polyphenols, which are metabolized by gut microbiota into the phytoestrogenic metabolites enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that affects the plasma and milk secretion of several drugs and natural compounds. We hypothesized here that Abcg2 could influence the levels of lignans and their derived metabolites in target tissues. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the role of Abcg2 in the tissue distribution of these compounds. We used Abcg2-/- knockout and wild-type male mice fed with a lignan-enriched diet for one week and analysed their plasma, small intestine, colon, liver, kidneys and testicles. High levels of lignans as well as enterolignans and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in the small intestine and colon were detected, with higher concentrations of the conjugates in the wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- mice. Particularly relevant was the detection of 24-fold and 8-fold higher concentrations of enterolactone-sulfate and enterolactone-glucuronide, respectively, in the kidney of Abcg2-/- compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, our study showed that lignans and their derived metabolites were in vivo substrates of Abcg2, which affected their plasma and tissue levels. These results highlight the role of Abcg2 in influencing the health-beneficial properties of dietary lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne García-Mateos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain.
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González-Sarrías A, Romo-Vaquero M, García-Villalba R, Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Espín JC. The Endotoxemia Marker Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein is Reduced in Overweight-Obese Subjects Consuming Pomegranate Extract by Modulating the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800160. [PMID: 29665619 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier failure, obesity, metabolic endotoxemia, and pro-inflammatory status promote cardiovascular risk. However, the modulation of the gut microbiome to prevent endotoxemia in obesity has been scarcely studied. We investigated the association between gut microbiota modulation and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a surrogate marker of endotoxemia, in overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized trial, 49 overweight-obese subjects (body mass index> 27 kg m-2 ) with mild hypelipidemia daily consumed, in a cross-over fashion, two doses (D1 and D2, lasting 3 weeks each) of pomegranate extract (PE) or placebo alternating with 3 weeks of wash-out periods. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) of plasma LBP and a marginal decrease (p = 0.054) of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were observed, but only after PE-D2 administration (656 mg phenolics). 16S rDNA sequencing analyses revealed the increase of microorganisms important for maintaining normal balance of gut microbiota and gut barrier function, particularly Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Odoribacter, and Butyricimonas. PE-D2 also decreased pro-inflammatory microorganisms including Parvimonas, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanosphaera. Remarkably, plasma LBP reduction was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both Faecalibacterium and Odoribacter increase and Parvimonas decrease. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of PE decreased endotoxemia in overweight-obese individuals by reshaping the gut microbiota, mainly through the modulation of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Parvimonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Otero JA, García-Mateos D, Alvarez-Fernández I, García-Villalba R, Espín JC, Álvarez AI, Merino G. Flaxseed-enriched diets change milk concentration of the antimicrobial danofloxacin in sheep. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:14. [PMID: 29334949 PMCID: PMC5769330 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flaxseed is the most common and rich dietary source of lignans and is an acceptable supply of energy for livestock. Flaxseed lignans are precursors of enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol, produced by the rumen and intestinal microbiota of mammals and have many important biological properties as phytoestrogens. Potential food-drug interactions involving flaxseed may be relevant for veterinary therapy, and for the quality and safety of milk and dairy products. Our aim was to investigate a potential food-drug interaction involving flaxseed, to explore whether the inclusion of flaxseed in sheep diet affects concentration of the antimicrobial danofloxacin in milk. Results Increased concentrations of enterodiol and enterolactone were observed in sheep plasma and milk after 2 weeks of flaxseed supplementation (P < 0.05). However, enterolactone and enterodiol conjugates were not detected in milk. Milk danofloxacin pharmacokinetics showed that area under the curve (AUC)0–24, maximum concentration (Cmax) and AUC0–24 milk-to-plasma ratios were reduced by 25–30% in sheep fed flaxseed-enriched diets (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate, therefore, that flaxseed-enriched diets reduce the amount of danofloxacin in sheep milk and enrich the milk content of lignan-derivatives. Conclusion These findings highlight an effect of flaxseed-enriched diets on the concentration of antimicrobials in ruminant’s milk, revealing the potential of these modified diets for the control of residues of antimicrobial drugs in milk.
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González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Romo-Vaquero M, Alasalvar C, Örem A, Zafrilla P, Tomás-Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC. Clustering according to urolithin metabotype explains the interindividual variability in the improvement of cardiovascular risk biomarkers in overweight-obese individuals consuming pomegranate: A randomized clinical trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27879044 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The pomegranate lipid-lowering properties remain controversial, probably due to the interindividual variability in polyphenol (ellagitannins) metabolism. OBJECTIVE We aimed at investigating whether the microbially derived ellagitannin-metabolizing phenotypes, i.e. urolithin metabotypes A, (UM-A), B (UM-B), and 0 (UM-0), influence the effects of pomegranate extract (PE) consumption on 18 cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS A double-blind, crossover, dose-response, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. The study (POMEcardio) consisted of two test phases (dose-1 and dose-2, lasting 3 weeks each) and a 3-week washout period between each phase. Forty-nine participants (BMI > 27 kg/m2 ) daily consumed one (dose-1, 160 mg phenolics/day) or four (dose-2, 640 mg phenolics/day) PE or placebo capsules. Notably, UM-B individuals showed the highest baseline cardiovascular risk. After dose-2, total cholesterol (-15.5 ± 3.7%), LDL-cholesterol (-14.9 ± 2.1%), small LDL-cholesterol (-47 ± 7%), non-HDL-cholesterol (-11.3 ± 2.5%), apolipoprotein-B (-12 ± 2.2%), and oxidized LDL-cholesterol -24 ± 2.5%) dose dependently decreased (P < 0.05) but only in UM-B subjects. These effects were partially correlated with urolithin production and the increase in Gordonibacter levels. Three (50%) nonproducers (UM-0) became producers following PE consumption. CONCLUSIONS UM clustering suggests a personalized effect of ellagitannin-containing foods and could explain the controversial pomegranate benefits. Research on the specific role of urolithins and the microbiota associated with each UM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Asim Örem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, , Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Pilar Zafrilla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María V Selma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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García-Villalba R, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA, Rocha-Guzmán NE. Comprehensive characterization by LC-DAD-MS/MS of the phenolic composition of seven Quercus leaf teas. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Selma MV, Beltrán D, Luna MC, Romo-Vaquero M, García-Villalba R, Mira A, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Isolation of Human Intestinal Bacteria Capable of Producing the Bioactive Metabolite Isourolithin A from Ellagic Acid. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1521. [PMID: 28824607 PMCID: PMC5545574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithins are intestinal microbial metabolites produced from ellagitannin- and ellagic acid-containing foods such as walnuts, strawberries, and pomegranates. These metabolites, better absorbed than their precursors, can contribute significantly to the beneficial properties attributed to the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid (EA). However, both the ability of producing the final metabolites in this catabolism (urolithins A, B and isourolithin A) and the health benefits associated with ellagitannin consumption differ considerably among individuals depending on their gut microbiota composition. Three human urolithin metabotypes have been previously described, i.e., metabotype 0 (urolithin non-producers), metabotype A (production of urolithin A as unique final urolithin) and metabotype B (urolithin B and/or isourolithin A are produced besides urolithin A). Although production of some intermediary urolithins has been recently attributed to intestinal species from Eggerthellaceae family named Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Gordonibacter pamelaeae, the identification of the microorganisms responsible for the complete transformation of EA into the final urolithins, especially those related to metabotype B, are still unknown. In the present research we illustrate the isolation of urolithin-producing strains from human feces of a healthy adult and their ability to transform EA into different urolithin metabolites, including isourolithin A. The isolates belong to a new genus from Eggerthellaceae family. EA transformation and urolithin production arisen during the stationary phase of the growth of the bacteria under anaerobic conditions. The HPLC-DAD-MS analyses demonstrated the sequential appearance of 3,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-urolithin (urolithin M6), 3,8,9-trihydroxy-urolithin (urolithin C) and 3,9-dihydroxy-urolithin (isourolithin A) while 3,8-dihydroxy-urolithin (urolithin A) and 3-hydroxy-urolithin (urolithin B) were not detected. For the first time isourolithin A production capacity of pure strains has been described. The biological activity attributed to urolithins A and B and isourolithin A (anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties) explains the relevance of identifying these urolithin-producing bacteria as potential novel probiotics with applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Their human administration could improve the health benefits upon ellagitannin consumption, especially in metabotype 0 individuals. However, further research is necessary to probe well-established beneficial effects on the host and safety requirements before being considered among the next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
| | - María C Luna
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO FoundationValencia, Spain
| | - Juan C Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura - Spanish National Research CouncilMurcia, Spain
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) influences the levels of enterolignans and their metabolites in plasma, milk and mammary gland. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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García-Villalba R, Vissenaekens H, Pitart J, Romo-Vaquero M, Espín JC, Grootaert C, Selma MV, Raes K, Smagghe G, Possemiers S, Van Camp J, Tomas-Barberan FA. Gastrointestinal Simulation Model TWIN-SHIME Shows Differences between Human Urolithin-Metabotypes in Gut Microbiota Composition, Pomegranate Polyphenol Metabolism, and Transport along the Intestinal Tract. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:5480-5493. [PMID: 28616977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A TWIN-SHIME system was used to compare the metabolism of pomegranate polyphenols by the gut microbiota from two individuals with different urolithin metabotypes. Gut microbiota, ellagitannin metabolism, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), transport of metabolites, and phase II metabolism using Caco-2 cells were explored. The simulation reproduced the in vivo metabolic profiles for each metabotype. The study shows for the first time that microbial composition, metabolism of ellagitannins, and SCFA differ between metabotypes and along the large intestine. The assay also showed that pomegranate phenolics preserved intestinal cell integrity. Pomegranate polyphenols enhanced urolithin and propionate production, as well as Akkermansia and Gordonibacter prevalence with the highest effect in the descending colon. The system provides an insight into the mechanisms of pomegranate polyphenol gut microbiota metabolism and absorption through intestinal cells. The results obtained by the combined SHIME/Caco-2 cell system are consistent with previous human and animal studies and show that although urolithin metabolites are present along the gastrointestinal tract due to enterohepatic circulation, they are predominantly produced in the distal colon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Kortrijk, Belgium
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Juan C Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - María V Selma
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco A Tomas-Barberan
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Laboratory of Food & Health, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia Spain
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García CJ, García-Villalba R, Gil MI, Tomas-Barberan FA. LC-MS Untargeted Metabolomics To Explain the Signal Metabolites Inducing Browning in Fresh-Cut Lettuce. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4526-4535. [PMID: 28506062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic browning is one of the main causes of quality loss in lettuce as a prepared and ready-to-eat cut salad. An untargeted metabolomics approach using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS was performed to explain the wound response of lettuce after cutting and to identify the metabolites responsible of browning. Two cultivars of Romaine lettuce with different browning susceptibilities were studied at short time intervals after cutting. From the total 5975 entities obtained from the raw data after alignment, filtration reduced the number of features to 2959, and the statistical analysis found that only 1132 entities were significantly different. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed that these samples grouped according to cultivar and time after cutting. From those, only 15 metabolites belonging to lysophospholipids, oxylipin/jasmonate metabolites, and phenolic compounds were able to explain the browning process. These selected metabolites showed different trends after cutting; some decreased rapidly, others increased but decreased thereafter, whereas others increased during the whole period of storage. In general, the fast-browning cultivar showed a faster wound response and a higher raw intensity of some key metabolites than the slow-browning one. Just after cutting, the fast-browning cultivar contained 11 of the 15 browning-associated metabolites, whereas the slow-browning cultivar only had 5 of them. These metabolites could be used as biomarkers in breeding programs for the selection of lettuce cultivars with lower browning potential for fresh-cut applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J García
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS (CSIC) , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS (CSIC) , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María I Gil
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS (CSIC) , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomas-Barberan
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS (CSIC) , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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Nuñez-Sánchez MA, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Monedero-Saiz T, García-Talavera NV, Gómez-Sánchez MB, Sánchez-Álvarez C, García-Albert AM, Rodríguez-Gil FJ, Ruiz-Marín M, Pastor-Quirante FA, Martínez-Díaz F, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. Gene expression changes in colon tissues from colorectal cancer patients following the intake of an ellagitannin-containing pomegranate extract: a randomized clinical trial. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:126-133. [PMID: 28183047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical evidence of dietary polyphenols as colorectal cancer (CRC) chemopreventive compounds is very weak. Verification in humans of tissue-specific molecular regulation by the intake of polyphenols requires complex clinical trials that allow for the procurement of sufficient pre- and postsupplementation tissue samples. Ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA) and their gut microbiota-derived metabolites, the urolithins, modify gene expression in colon normal and cancer cultured cells. We conducted here the first clinical trial with 35 CRC patients daily supplemented with 900 mg of an ET-containing pomegranate extract (PE) and evaluated the expression of various CRC-related genes in normal and cancerous colon tissues before (biopsies) and after (surgical specimens) 5-35 days of supplementation. Tissues were also obtained from 10 control patients (no supplementation) that confirmed a large, gene- and tissue-specific interindividual variability and impact of the experimental protocol on gene expression, with some genes induced (MYC, CD44, CDKN1A, CTNNB1), some repressed (CASP3) and others not affected (KRAS). Despite these issues, the consumption of the PE was significantly associated with a counterbalance effect in the expression of CD44, CTNNB1, CDKN1A, EGFR and TYMs, suggesting that the intake of this PE modulated the impact of the protocol on gene expression in a gene- and tissue-specific manner. These effects were not associated with the individuals' capacity to produce specific urolithins (i.e., metabotypes) or the levels of urolithins and EA in the colon tissues and did not reproduce in vitro effects evidencing the difficulty of demonstrating in vivo the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Nuñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tamara Monedero-Saiz
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María B Gómez-Sánchez
- Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Álvarez
- Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Albert
- Digestive, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Marín
- Surgery, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Pastor-Quirante
- Anatomical Pathology Services, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Díaz
- Anatomical Pathology Services, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Van Rymenant E, Grootaert C, Beerens K, Needs PW, Kroon PA, Kerimi A, Williamson G, García-Villalba R, González-Sarrías A, Tomas-Barberan F, Van Camp J, Van de Voorde J. Vasorelaxant activity of twenty-one physiologically relevant (poly)phenolic metabolites on isolated mouse arteries. Food Funct 2017; 8:4331-4335. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are beneficial for health, but are metabolised after consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Van Rymenant
- Department of Food safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - C. Grootaert
- Department of Food safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - K. Beerens
- Department of Food safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - P. W. Needs
- Quadram Institute Bioscience
- Norwich Research Park
- Colney
- UK
| | - P. A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience
- Norwich Research Park
- Colney
- UK
| | - A. Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - G. Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | | | | | - J. Van Camp
- Department of Food safety and Food Quality
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - J. Van de Voorde
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Selma MV, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Urolithins, the rescue of “old” metabolites to understand a “new” concept: Metabotypes as a nexus among phenolic metabolism, microbiota dysbiosis, and host health status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María A. Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María T. García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
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Quartieri A, García-Villalba R, Amaretti A, Raimondi S, Leonardi A, Rossi M, Tomàs-Barberàn F. Detection of novel metabolites of flaxseed lignans in vitro and in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1590-601. [PMID: 26873880 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to improve the knowledge of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) transformation by human gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS SDG-supplemented microbiota cultures were inoculated with the feces of five subjects. The same volunteers received a flaxseed supplement for 7 days. SDG metabolites in cultures, feces, and urine were monitored by LC-ESI-QTOF and LC-DAD. In all cultures, SDG was deglycosylated to secoisolariciresinol (SECO) within 12 h. SECO underwent successive dehydroxylations and demethylations yielding enterodiol (4-18% conversion) and enterolactone (0.2-6%) after 24 h. Novel intermediates related to SECO, matairesinol (MATA), and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol (AHS) were identified in fecal cultures. These metabolites were also found after flaxseed consumption in feces and urine (in approximate amounts between 0.01-47.03 μg/g and 0.01-13.49 μg/mL, respectively) in their native form and/or modified by phase II human enzymes (glucuronide, sulfate and sulfoglucuronide conjugates). CONCLUSIONS Derivatives of MATA and AHS are described for the first time as intermediates of SDG biotransformation by intestinal bacteria, providing a more comprehensive knowledge of lignan intestinal metabolism. The transformations observed in vitro seem to occur in vivo as well. The detection in urine of SDG intermediates indicates their gut absorption, opening new perspectives on the study of their systemic biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Quartieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alan Leonardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Karmokar A, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Brown K, Espín JC. In vivo relevant mixed urolithins and ellagic acid inhibit phenotypic and molecular colon cancer stem cell features: A new potentiality for ellagitannin metabolites against cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:8-16. [PMID: 26995228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) offer a novel paradigm for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and dietary polyphenols may contribute to battle these cells. Specifically, polyphenol-derived colon metabolites have the potential to interact with and affect colon CSCs. We herein report the effects against colon CSCs of two mixtures of ellagitannin (ET) metabolites, ellagic acid (EA) and the gut microbiota-derived urolithins (Uro) at concentrations detected in the human colon tissues following the intake of ET-containing products (pomegranate, walnuts). These mixtures reduce phenotypic and molecular features in two models of colon CSCs: Caco-2 cells and primary tumour cells from a patient with CRC. The mixture containing mostly Uro-A (85% Uro-A, 10% Uro-C, 5% EA) was most effective at inhibiting the number and size of colonospheres and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH, a marker of chemoresistance) whereas the mixture containing less Uro-A but IsoUro-A and Uro-B (30% Uro-A, 50% IsoUro-A, 10% Uro-B, 5% Uro-C, 5% EA) had some effects on the number and size of colonospheres but not on ALDH. These data support a role for polyphenols metabolites in the control of colon cancer chemoresistance and relapse and encourage the research on the effects of polyphenols against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ankur Karmokar
- Cancer Chemoprevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Karen Brown
- Cancer Chemoprevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Bajoub A, Pacchiarotta T, Hurtado-Fernández E, Olmo-García L, García-Villalba R, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Mayboroda OA, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Comparing two metabolic profiling approaches (liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) for extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds analysis: A botanical classification perspective. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:267-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Selma MV, Romo-Vaquero M, García-Villalba R, González-Sarrías A, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. The human gut microbial ecology associated with overweight and obesity determines ellagic acid metabolism. Food Funct 2016; 7:1769-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified three metabotypes (0, A and B) that depend on the metabolic profile of urolithins produced from polyphenol ellagic acid (EA).
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Affiliation(s)
- María V. Selma
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - Juan C. Espín
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Murcia
- Spain
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González-Sarrías A, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Antiproliferative activity of the ellagic acid-derived gut microbiota isourolithin A and comparison with its urolithin A isomer: the role of cell metabolism. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:831-841. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Tomé-Carneiro J, Zafrilla P, Mulero J, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Identifying the limits for ellagic acid bioavailability: A crossover pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers after consumption of pomegranate extracts. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Romo-Vaquero M, García-Villalba R, González-Sarrías A, Beltrán D, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, Selma MV. Interindividual variability in the human metabolism of ellagic acid: Contribution of Gordonibacter to urolithin production. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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García-Villalba R, Espín JC, Aaby K, Alasalvar C, Heinonen M, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Koivumäki T, Kroon PA, Pelvan E, Saha S, Tomás-Barberán FA. Validated Method for the Characterization and Quantification of Extractable and Nonextractable Ellagitannins after Acid Hydrolysis in Pomegranate Fruits, Juices, and Extracts. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:6555-66. [PMID: 26158321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranates are one of the main highly valuable sources of ellagitannins. Despite the potential health benefits of these compounds, reliable data on their content in pomegranates and derived extracts and food products is lacking, as it is usually underestimated due to their complexity, diversity, and lack of commercially available standards. This study describes a new method for the analysis of the extractable and nonextractable ellagitannins based on the quantification of the acid hydrolysis products that include ellagic acid, gallic acid, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, valoneic acid dilactone, and gallagic acid dilactone in pomegranate samples. The study also shows the occurrence of ellagitannin C-glycosides in pomegranates. The method was optimized using a pomegranate peel extract. To quantify nonextractable ellagitannins, freeze-dried pomegranate fruit samples were directly hydrolyzed with 4 M HCl in water at 90 °C for 24 h followed by extraction of the pellet with dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol (50:50, v/v). The method was validated and reproducibility was assessed by means of an interlaboratory trial, showing high reproducibility across six laboratories with relative standard deviations below 15%. Their applicability was demonstrated in several pomegranate extracts, different parts of pomegranate fruit (husk, peels, and mesocarp), and commercial juices. A large variability has been found in the ellagitannin content (150-750 mg of hydrolysis products/g) and type (gallagic acid/ellagic acid ratios between 4 and 0.15) of the 11 pomegranate extracts studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- §Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima - Norwegian Institute of Food, Osloveien 1, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Marina Heinonen
- ⊥Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Chemistry, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Griet Jacobs
- ΔVITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- ΔVITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tuuli Koivumäki
- ⊥Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Chemistry, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul A Kroon
- ΠFood and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Ebru Pelvan
- #TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Shikha Saha
- ΠFood and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- †Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Núñez-Sánchez MA, González-Sarrías A, Romo-Vaquero M, García-Villalba R, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Dietary phenolics against colorectal cancer--From promising preclinical results to poor translation into clinical trials: Pitfalls and future needs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1274-91. [PMID: 25693744 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Over 70% of CRC cases are sporadic and related to lifestyle. Epidemiological studies inversely correlate CRC incidence with the intake of fruits and vegetables but not with their phenolic content. Preclinical studies using in vitro (cell lines) and animal models of CRC have reported anticancer effects for dietary phenolics through the regulation of different markers and signaling pathways. Herein, we review and contrast the evidence between preclinical studies and clinical trials (patients with CRC or at risk, familial adenopolyposis or aberrant crypt foci) investigating the protective effects of curcumin, resveratrol, isoflavones, green tea extracts (epigallocatechin gallate), black raspberry powder (anthocyanins and ellagitannins), bilberry extract (anthocyanins), ginger extracts (gingerol derivatives), and pomegranate extracts (ellagitannins and ellagic acid). To date, curcumin is the most promising polyphenol as possible future adjuvant in CRC management. Overall, the clinical evidence of dietary phenolics against CRC is still weak and the amounts needed to exert some effects largely exceed common dietary doses. We discuss here the possible reasons behind the gap between preclinical and clinical research (inconsistence of results, lack of clinical endpoints, etc.), and provide an outlook and a roadmap to approach this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María V Selma
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Selma MV, Beltrán D, García-Villalba R, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Description of urolithin production capacity from ellagic acid of two human intestinal Gordonibacter species. Food Funct 2015; 5:1779-84. [PMID: 24909569 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ellagitannin and ellagic acid metabolism to urolithins in the gut shows a large human interindividual variability and this has been associated with differences in the colon microbiota. In the present study we describe the isolation of one urolithin-producing strain from the human faeces of a healthy volunteer and the ellagic acid transformation to different urolithin metabolites by two species of intestinal bacteria. The isolate belongs to a new species described as Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens, sp. nov. The type strain of the Gordonibacter genus, Gordonibacter pamelaeae DSM 19378(T), was also demonstrated to produce urolithins. Both human intestinal bacteria grew similarly in the presence and absence of ellagic acid at 30 μM concentration. Ellagic acid catabolism and urolithin formation occurred during the stationary phase of the growth of the bacteria under anaerobic conditions. The HPLC-MS analyses showed the sequential production of pentahydroxy-urolithin (urolithin M-5), tetrahydroxy-urolithin (urolithin M-6) and trihydroxy-urolithin (urolithin C), while dihydroxy-urolithins (urolithin A and isourolithin A), and monohydroxy-urolithin (urolithin B) were not produced in pure cultures. Consequently, either other bacteria from the gut or the physiological conditions found in vivo are necessary for completing metabolism until the final urolithins (dihydroxy and monohydroxy urolithins) are produced. This is the first time that the urolithin production capacity of pure strains has been demonstrated. The identification of the urolithin-producing bacteria is a relevant outcome as urolithin implication in health (cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties) has been supported by different bioassays and urolithins can be used in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study represents an initial work that opens interesting possibilities of describing enzymatic activities involved in urolithin production that can help in understanding both the human interindividual differences in polyphenol metabolism, the microbial pathways involved, and the role of polyphenols in human health. The presence of urolithin producing bacteria can indirectly affect the health benefits of ellagitannin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Selma
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100. Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R, González-Sarrías A, Selma MV, Espín JC. Ellagic acid metabolism by human gut microbiota: consistent observation of three urolithin phenotypes in intervention trials, independent of food source, age, and health status. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:6535-8. [PMID: 24976365 DOI: 10.1021/jf5024615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three phenotypes for urolithin production after ellagitannin and ellagic acid intake are consistently observed in different human intervention trials. Subjects can be stratified into three urolithin-producing groups. "Phenotype A" produced only urolithin A conjugates, which included between 25 and 80% of the volunteers in the different trials. "Phenotype B" produced isourolithin A and/or urolithin B in addition to urolithin A, this being the second relevant group (10-50%). "Phenotype 0" (5-25%) was that in which these urolithins were not detected. The three phenotypes were observed independently of the volunteers' health status and demographic characteristics (age, gender, body mass index (BMI)) and of the amount or type of ellagitannin food source ingested (walnuts and other nuts, strawberries, raspberries, and other berries or pomegranates). Interestingly, a higher percentage of phenotype B was observed in those volunteers with chronic illness (metabolic syndrome or colorectal cancer) associated with gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis). These urolithin phenotypes could show differences in the human gut microbiota and should be considered in intervention trials dealing with health benefits of ellagitannins or ellagic acid. Whether this phenotypic variation could be a biomarker related to differential health benefits or illness predisposition deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Miguel V, Otero JA, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. Role of ABCG2 in transport of the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its secretion into milk in Abcg2 knockout mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:943-6. [PMID: 24568887 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytoestrogens that are metabolized by the gut microbiota to enterodiol and enterolactone, the main biologically active enterolignans. Substantial interindividual variation in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of enterolignans has been reported, this being determined, at least in part, by the intake of lignan precursors, the gut microbiota, and the host's phase 2 conjugating enzyme activity. However, the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the transport and disposition of enterolactone has not been reported so far. Active transport assays using parental and Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells transduced with murine and human ABCG2 showed a significant increase in apically directed translocation of enterolactone in transduced cells, which was confirmed by using the selective ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. In addition, enterolactone also inhibited transport of the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone as a model substrate, with inhibition percentages of almost 40% at 200 μM for human ABCG2. Furthermore, the endogenous levels in plasma and milk of enterolactone in wild-type and Abcg2((-/-)) knockout female mice were analyzed. The milk/plasma ratio decreased significantly in the Abcg2((-/-)) phenotype, as compared with the wild-type mouse group (0.4 ± 0.1 as against 6.4 ± 2.6). This paper is the first to report that enterolactone is a transported substrate and therefore most probably a competitive inhibitor of ABCG2, which suggests it has a role in the interindividual variations in the disposition of enterolactone and its secretion into milk. The inhibitory activity identified provides a solid basis for further investigation in possible food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Veterinary Faculty (V.M., A.I.A., J.A.O., G.M.) and Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (J.A.O., G.M.), University of Leon, Leon, Spain; and Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Murcia, Spain (R.G.-V., F.T.-B., J.C.E.)
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Nuñez-Sánchez MA, García-Villalba R, Monedero-Saiz T, García-Talavera NV, Gómez-Sánchez MB, Sánchez-Álvarez C, García-Albert AM, Rodríguez-Gil FJ, Ruiz-Marín M, Pastor-Quirante FA, Martínez-Díaz F, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, González-Sarrías A, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Targeted metabolic profiling of pomegranate polyphenols and urolithins in plasma, urine and colon tissues from colorectal cancer patients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1199-211. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María A. Nuñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
| | - Tamara Monedero-Saiz
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
- Nutrition Service; Hospital Reina Sofía; Murcia Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - María J. Yáñez-Gascón
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
| | - Juan C. Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; Campus de Espinardo Murcia Spain
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Tomas-Barberan F, García-Villalba R, Quartieri A, Raimondi S, Amaretti A, Leonardi A, Rossi M. In vitro transformation of chlorogenic acid by human gut microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:1122-31. [PMID: 24550206 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid, C-QA), the caffeic ester of quinic acid, is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in Western diet. The majority of C-QA escapes absorption in the small intestine and reaches the colon, where the resident microbiota transforms it into several metabolites. C-QA conversion by the gut microbiota from nine subjects was compared to evaluate the variability of bacterial metabolism. It was investigated whether a potentially probiotic Bifidobacterium strain, capable of C-QA hydrolysis, could affect C-QA fate. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioconversion experiments exploiting the microbiota from diverse subjects revealed that C-QA was metabolized through a succession of hydrogenation, dexydroxylation and ester hydrolysis, occurring in different order among the subjects. Transformation may proceed also through quinic acid residue breakdown, since caffeoyl-glycerol intermediates were identified (HPLC-MS/MS, Q-TOF). All the pathways converged on 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, which was transformed to hydroxyphenyl-ethanol and/or phenylacetic acid in few subjects. A strain of Bifidobacterium animalis able to hydrolyze C-QA was added to microbiota cultures. It affected microbial composition but not to such an extent that C-QA metabolism was modified. CONCLUSION A picture of the variability of microbiota C-QA transformations among subjects is provided. The transformation route through caffeoyl-glycerol intermediates is described for the first time.
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García-Villalba R, Larrosa M, Possemiers S, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Bioavailability of phenolics from an oleuropein-rich olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and its acute effect on plasma antioxidant status: comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1015-27. [PMID: 24158653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest a potential protective effect of oleuropein in osteoporosis, and one of the proposed mechanisms is the modulation of the oxidative stress. Oleuropein bioavailability and its effect on antioxidant status in pre- and postmenopausal women are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral bioavailability of an olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein (40 %) and its effect on antioxidant status in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. METHODS Premenopausal (n = 8) and postmenopausal women (n = 8) received 250 mg of olive leaf extract, blood samples (t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h) were taken, and 24-h urine divided into five fractions was collected. Olive-leaf-extract-derived metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine by HPLC-ESI-QTOF and UPLC-ESI-QqQ, and pharmacokinetics parameters were determined. Ferric reducing antioxidant ability and malondialdehyde levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS Plasma levels of hydroxytyrosol glucuronide, hydroxytyrosol sulfate, oleuropein aglycon glucuronide and oleuropein aglycon derivative 1 were higher in postmenopausal women. MDA levels were significantly decreased (32%) in postmenopausal women and inversely correlated with hydroxytyrosol sulfate levels. Postmenopausal women excreted less sulfated metabolites in urine than premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postmenopausal women could be a target population for the intake of olive phenolics in order to prevent age-related and oxidative stress-related processes such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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García-Villalba R, Beltrán D, Espín JC, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA. Time course production of urolithins from ellagic acid by human gut microbiota. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:8797-8806. [PMID: 23984796 DOI: 10.1021/jf402498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is converted to urolithins by gut microbiota. Urolithins have beneficial biological effects in humans, but differences in urolithin production capacity among individuals have been shown. Therefore, the identification of the urolithin production pathways and the microorganisms implicated is of high interest. EA was incubated with gut microbiota from two volunteers able to produce urolithins but with different in vivo urolithin profiles (urolithin A and isourolithin A producers). The metabolic capabilities observed in vivo were retained in vitro. Both individuals showed a much higher abundance of Clostridium leptum group of Firmicutes phylum than Bacteroides / Prevotella . EA was either dissolved in DMSO or suspended in water. DMSO increased EA solubility but decreased urolithin production rate due to a delay in growth of some microbial groups, principally, Clostridium coccoides . This allowed the detection of catabolic intermediates [urolithins M-5, M-6, M-7, C, and 2,3,8,10-tetrahydroxy urolithin (urolithin E)]. Bacteria from C. coccoides group (or genera co-occurring in vivo with this group) seem to be involved in production of different urolithins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC , Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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