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Tao XY, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Feng XS. Nicotine in Complex Samples: Recent Updates on the Pretreatment and Analysis Method. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1209-1238. [PMID: 34955065 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2016365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a significant evaluation index of tobacco and its related products' quality, but nicotine overdose can pose serious health hazards and cause addiction and dependence, thus it can be seen that it is necessary to find suitable and efficient detection methods to precisely detect nicotine in diverse samples and complex matrices. In this review, an updated summary of the latest trends in pretreatment and analytical techniques for nicotine is provided. We reviewed various sample pretreatment methods, such as solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, QuEChERS, etc., and diverse nicotine assay methods including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, electrochemical sensors, etc., focusing on the developments since 2015. Furthermore, the recent progress in the applications and applicability of these techniques as well as our prospects for future developments are discussed.HighlightsUpdated pretreatment and analysis methods of nicotine were systematically summarized.Microextraction and automation were main development trends of nicotine pretreatment.The introduction of novel materials added luster to nicotine pretreatment.The evolutions of ion source and mass analyzer were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Tao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Gil-Solsona R, Nika MC, Bustamante M, Villanueva CM, Foraster M, Cosin-Tomás M, Alygizakis N, Gómez-Roig MD, Llurba-Olive E, Sunyer J, Thomaidis NS, Dadvand P, Gago-Ferrero P. The Potential of Sewage Sludge to Predict and Evaluate the Human Chemical Exposome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 8:1077-1084. [PMID: 35647215 PMCID: PMC9132361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals are part of our daily lives, and we are exposed to numerous chemicals through multiple pathways. Relevant scientific evidence contributing to the regulation of hazardous chemicals require a holistic approach to assess simultaneous exposure to multiple compounds. Biomonitoring provides an accurate estimation of exposure to chemicals through very complex and costly sampling campaigns. Finding efficient proxies to predict the risk of chemical exposure in humans is an urgent need to cover large areas and populations at a reasonable cost. We conducted an exploratory study to characterize the human chemical exposome in maternal blood and placenta samples of a population-based birth cohort in Barcelona (2018-2021). Ultimate HRMS-based approaches were applied including wide-scope target, suspect, and nontarget screening. Forty-two chemicals were identified including pesticides, personal care products, or industrial compounds, among others, in the range of ng/mL and ng/g. In parallel, sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants serving the residence areas of the studied population were also screened, showing correlations with the type and concentrations of chemicals found in humans. Our findings were suggestive for the potential use of sewage sludge as a proxy of the human exposure and its application in early warning systems to prevent bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gil-Solsona
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research − Severo Ochoa
Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research
(CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat
Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina M. Villanueva
- ISGlobal, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat
Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital
del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Maria Foraster
- ISGlobal, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat
Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- PHAGEX
Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Carrer de Padilla, 326, Barcelona 08025, Spain
| | - Marta Cosin-Tomás
- Department
of Human Genetics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health
Center, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal,
Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Maria Dolores Gómez-Roig
- BCNatal
− Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
(Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), University of Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Passeig de Sant Joan de
Déu, 2, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Elisa Llurba-Olive
- Maternal
and Fetal Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sant Pau University Hospital, C. de Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Development
Network (SAMID), RD16/0022/0015, Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat
Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat
Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- CIBER
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research − Severo Ochoa
Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research
(CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Marques H, Cruz-Vicente P, Rosado T, Barroso M, Passarinha LA, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in the Determination of Biomarkers of Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Biological Specimens: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1768. [PMID: 33670326 PMCID: PMC7918937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and smoking have been described as the most prevalent factors in the development of certain diseases worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 8 million people die every year due to exposure to tobacco, around 7 million due to direct ETS and the remaining due to exposure to second-hand smoke. Both active and second-hand exposure can be measured and controlled using specific biomarkers of tobacco and its derivatives, allowing the development of more efficient public health policies. Exposure to these compounds can be measured using different methods (involving for instance liquid- or gas-chromatographic procedures) in a wide range of biological specimens to estimate the type and degree of tobacco exposure. In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out using different extraction methods and different analytical equipment; this way, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction or even miniaturized procedures have been used, followed by chromatographic analysis coupled mainly to mass spectrometric detection. Through this type of methodologies, second-hand smokers can be distinguished from active smokers, and this is also valid for e-cigarettes and vapers, among others, using their specific biomarkers. This review will focus on recent developments in the determination of tobacco smoke biomarkers, including nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids, specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. The methods for their detection will be discussed in detail, as well as the potential use of threshold values to distinguish between types of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernâni Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4—Centro de Competências em Cloud Computing da Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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[A Forensic Autopsy Case in which Sulpiride and Estazolam Were Detected in an Adipoceratous Cadaver by LC-MS/MS]. J UOEH 2019; 41:231-237. [PMID: 31292369 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.41.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We had a forensic autopsy case in which drugs were detected in a cadaver that had been stored in a cold and wet condition for 5 years. The skin of the cadaver was hard, and the color was partly whitish or dark brown. Though the cadaver had transformed into adipocere in the wet and cold condition, QuEChERS extraction and LC-MS/MS revealed the presence of sulpiride and estazolam in the femoral muscle and bone marrow. The concentrations of sulpiride and estazolam in the femoral muscle were 10.6 ng/g and 39.9 ng/g, respectively. The result of a drug screening test led not only to the cause of death but also to the personal identification of the cadaver. The individual had a history of drug taking, which had been stored in his medical records at the hospital for a long time. The fact of taking sulpiride and estazolam at the same time was characteristic, and it was useful in identifying the cadaver in this case. The progress in analytical technology has made possible the detection of particle drugs from old or adipoceratous cadavers, but there have been no reports of particle drugs being detected in a cadaver that had been dead for 5 years and had transformed to adipocere, as in our present case. The analytical results by LC-MS/MS were certainly important for the diagnosis of the cause of death, and, moreover, they were useful for the purpose of personal identification.
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Abstract
Drug use during pregnancy constitutes a major preventable worldwide public health issue. Birth defects, growth retardation and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with tobacco, alcohol or drugs of abuse exposure during pregnancy. Besides these adverse health effects, drug use during pregnancy also raises legal and social concerns. Identification and quantification of drug markers in maternal and newborn biological samples offers objective evidence of exposure and complements maternal questionnaires. We reviewed the most recent analytical methods for quantifying drugs of abuse, tobacco, alcohol and psychotropic drugs in maternal, newborn and maternal-fetal unit biological samples by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In addition, manuscripts comparing the usefulness of different biological samples to detect drug exposure during pregnancy were reviewed.
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