1
|
Deng D, Hao T, Lu L, Yang M, Zeng Z, Lovell JF, Liu Y, Jin H. Applications of Intravital Imaging in Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:264. [PMID: 38534538 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy is one of the most effective treatment strategies for cancer. However, the efficacy of any specific anti-tumor immunotherapy can vary based on the dynamic characteristics of immune cells, such as their rate of migration and cell-to-cell interactions. Therefore, understanding the dynamics among cells involved in the immune response can inform the optimization and improvement of existing immunotherapy strategies. In vivo imaging technologies use optical microscopy techniques to visualize the movement and behavior of cells in vivo, including cells involved in the immune response, thereby showing great potential for application in the field of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the technical aspects required for in vivo imaging, such as fluorescent protein labeling, the construction of transgenic mice, and various window chamber models. Then, we discuss the elucidation of new phenomena and mechanisms relating to tumor immunotherapy that has been made possible by the application of in vivo imaging technology. Specifically, in vivo imaging has supported the characterization of the movement of T cells during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and the kinetic analysis of dendritic cell migration in tumor vaccine therapy. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and future research directions for the use of in vivo imaging technology in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Deng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianli Hao
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muyang Yang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yushuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Fan Z, Liu J, Wang J, Xu M, Li X, Xu Y, Lu Y, Han C, Zhang Z. Melittin-Carrying Nanoparticle Suppress T Cell-Driven Immunity in a Murine Allergic Dermatitis Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204184. [PMID: 36638280 PMCID: PMC9982551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are the most common human skin disorders. Although corticosteroids have been widely used to treat ACD and AD, the side effects of corticosteroids encourage researchers to explore new immunoregulatory treatments. Here, an immunomodulatory approach based on lipid nanoparticles carrying α-helical configurational melittin (α-melittin-NP) is developed to overcome T cell-mediated inflammatory reactions in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced contact hypersensitivity mouse model and OXA-induced AD-like mouse model. Intradermal injection of low-dose α-melittin-NPs prevents the skin damage caused by melittin administration alone and efficiently targeted lymph nodes. Importantly, melittin and α-melittin-NPs restrain RelB activity in dendritic cells (DCs) and further suppresses dendritic cell activation and maturation in lymph nodes. Furthermore, low-dose α-melittin-NPs leads to relief of antigen recognition-induced effector T cell arrest in the dermis and inhibited allergen-specific T cell proliferation and activation. Significantly, this approach successfully controls Th1-type cytokine release in the ACD model and restricts Th2-type cytokine and IgE release in the AD-like model. Overall, intradermal delivery of low-dose α-melittin-NPs efficiently elicits immunosuppression against T cell-mediated immune reactions, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for treating skin disorders not restricted to the lesion region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Zhan Fan
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Jialu Wang
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Mengli Xu
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Xinlin Li
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yilun Xu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikouHainan570228China
| | - Yafang Lu
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Chenlu Han
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical PhotonicsWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
- School of Biomedical EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikouHainan570228China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Q, Zhang L, Li L, Tan M, Liu W, Liu S, Xie Z, Zhang W, Wang Z, Cao Y, Shang T, Ran H. Cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for bimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy and docetaxel-enhanced immunotherapy against cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:449. [PMID: 34952587 PMCID: PMC8710014 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mono-therapeutic modality has limitations in combating metastatic lesions with complications. Although emerging immunotherapy exhibits preliminary success, solid tumors are usually immunosuppressive, leading to ineffective antitumor immune responses and immunotherapeutic resistance. The rational combination of several therapeutic modalities may potentially become a new therapeutic strategy to effectively combat cancer. RESULTS Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA, 50 mg) nanospheres were constructed with photothermal transduction agents (PTAs)-Prussian blue (PB, 2.98 mg) encapsulated in the core and chemotherapeutic docetaxel (DTX, 4.18 mg)/ immune adjuvant-imiquimod (R837, 1.57 mg) loaded in the shell. Tumor cell membranes were further coated outside PLGA nanospheres (designated "M@P-PDR"), which acted as "Nano-targeted cells" to actively accumulate in tumor sites, and were guided/monitored by photoacoustic (PA)/ magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Upon laser irradiation, photothermal effects were triggered. Combined with DTX, PTT induced in situ tumor eradication. Assisted by the immune adjuvant R837, the maturation rate of DCs increased by 4.34-fold compared with that of the control. In addition, DTX polarized M2-phenotype tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M1-phenotype, relieving the immunosuppressive TME. The proportion of M2-TAMs decreased from 68.57% to 32.80%, and the proportion of M1-TAMs increased from 37.02% to 70.81%. Integrating the above processes, the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) increased from 17.33% (control) to 35.5%. Primary tumors and metastasis were significantly inhibited when treated with "Nano-targeted cells"-based cocktail therapy. CONCLUSION "Nano-targeted cells"-based therapeutic cocktail therapy is a promising approach to promote tumor regression and counter metastasis/recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Mixiao Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyan Xie
- Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.114 Longshan Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haitao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan D, Que H, Chen L, Lan T, Hong W, He C, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. Lymph-Node-Targeted Cholesterolized TLR7 Agonist Liposomes Provoke a Safe and Durable Antitumor Response. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7960-7969. [PMID: 34533963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as the potent stimulants of an innate immune system hold promises for applications in anticancer immunotherapy. However, most of them are limited in the clinical translation due to the uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. In the current study, 1V209, a small molecule TLR7 agonist, was conjugated with cholesterol (1V209-Cho) and prepared into liposomes (1V209-Cho-Lip). 1V209-Cho-Lip exerted minimal toxic effects and enhanced the transportation ability in lymph nodes (LNs) compared with 1V209. 1V209-Cho-Lip treatment inhibited tumor progression in CT26 colorectal cancer, 4T1 breast cancer, and Pan02 pancreatic ductal cancer models through inducing effective DC activation and eliciting CD8+ T cell responses. Furthermore, 1V209-Cho-Lip induced tumor-specific memory immunity to inhibit cancer recurrence and metastasis. These results indicate that cholesterol conjugation with 1V209 is an effective approach to target lymph nodes and to reduce the adverse effects. This work provides a rational basis for the distribution optimization of TLR agonists for potential clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng X, He Y, Huang J, Tao Y, Liu S. Metabolism of Dendritic Cells in Tumor Microenvironment: For Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613492. [PMID: 33732237 PMCID: PMC7959811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of an antigen-presenting cell which undertake a job on capturing antigens coming from pathogens or tumors and presenting to T cells for immune response. The metabolism of DCs controls its development, polarization, and maturation processes and provides energy support for its functions. However, the immune activity of DCs in tumor microenvironment (TME) is inhibited generally. Abnormal metabolism of tumor cells causes metabolic changes in TME, such as hyperglycolysis, lactate and lipid accumulation, acidification, tryptophan deprivation, which limit the function of DCs and lead to the occurrence of tumor immune escape. Combined metabolic regulation with immunotherapy can strengthen the ability of antigen-presentation and T cell activation of DCs, improve the existing anti-tumor therapy, and overcome the defects of DC-related therapies in the current stage, which has great potential in oncology therapy. Therefore, we reviewed the glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism of DCs, as well as the metabolic changes after being affected by TME. Together with the potential metabolic targets of DCs, possible anti-tumor therapeutic pathways were summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youe He
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Biological Treatment Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Dai B, Li R, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Intravital molecular imaging reveals the restrained capacity of CTLs in the killing of tumor cells in the liver. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:194-208. [PMID: 33391470 PMCID: PMC7681101 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and their gene-engineered cells display great application prospects in tumor immunotherapy. The timing of CTL-induced molecular events in tumor cells is unclear, and we also unknow whether the killing efficiency of CTLs is restrained in the liver, an immunotolerant organ with a high tumor incidence. Methods: We used intravital imaging to dynamically monitor the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals of caspase-3 and calcium sensor in tumor cells after transferring CTLs into tumor-bearing mice. Results: Our data show that several CTLs attacked on one tumor cell, and on average each CTL killed 1.24 ± 0.11 tumor cells per day in the liver, which was much less efficient than that in the spleen (3.18 ± 0.26 tumor cells/CTL/day). The killing efficiency of CTLs is restrained in the liver and can be reversed by blocking immunosuppressive cytokine. Tumor cells exposed to CTLs appeared to have prolonged calcium influx, which occurred dozens of minutes before caspase-3 activity. Conclusion: The quantitative characterization of these molecular and cellular events provides accurate information to evaluate the efficiency of cellular immunotherapy against tumors and understand the impact of an organ's immune status.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, He Y, He T, Liu G, Lin C, Li K, Lu L, Cai K. Lymph node-targeted immune-activation mediated by imiquimod-loaded mesoporous polydopamine based-nanocarriers. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120208. [PMID: 32569862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are the potent stimulants of innate immune system and hold promises as an adjuvant for anticancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, most of them are limited by a prompt dissemination, and thus caused "wasted inflammation". Hence, how to restrict their action radius into lymphoid tissues is of great relevance to enhance their efficacy and concomitantly alleviates the side effects. Here, imiquimod (R837), a TLR 7 agonist, was loaded into mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanocarriers with high efficiency. Moreover, its surface was modified by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance their lymphatic drainage ability. These nano-adjuvants have obvious advantages in promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation in comparison to free R837. Moreover, their transportation and retention ability in proximal lymph nodes (LNs) were also confirmed, by which lymphatic drug exposure can be maximized to a great extent. Consequently, effective DC activation and CD8+ T cell responses were observed as expected by R837 released in draining LNs. This effect was further enhanced by the presence of endogenous tumor antigens from apoptosis debris induced by MPDA-based photothermal effect, and thus led to the growth inhibition of subcutaneous B16 melanomas. The results demonstrated the great potency against melanoma of the designed PVP-MPDA@R837 nano-adjuvants by combining photothermal conversion property of MPDA with lymphatic-focused immune-activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tingting He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Genhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chuanchua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of Shikonin on the Functions of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Severe Aplastic Anemia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9025705. [PMID: 32148443 PMCID: PMC7053458 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9025705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of shikonin, a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, on the functions of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in a mouse model of severe aplastic anemia (AA) generated by total body irradiation and lymphocyte infusion. Flow cytometry and qPCR were used to determine the proportions of PKM2+ mDCs and other immune indicators in the AA mice. Glucose consumption level, pyruvate generation level, and ATP content were used to determine the level of glycolytic metabolism in the mDCs. The survival rates of AA mice were evaluated after the administration of shikonin or the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A. The AA mice displayed pancytopenia, decreased CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, increased perforin and granzyme levels in CD8+ cells, increased costimulatory CD80 and CD86 expressions, and inadequate regulatory T cell number. In vivo animal experiments showed that the shikonin-mediated inhibition of the PKM2 expression in mice was associated with high survival rates. In addition, the administration of cyclosporin A or shikonin decreased the expression of cytotoxic molecules and costimulatory CD80 and CD86 on CD8+ cells. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that shikonin could inhibit the activation and proliferation of mDCs as well as the activation of downstream cytotoxic T cells by reducing the PKM2 level in mDCs.
Collapse
|