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Hwang S, Choi S, Choi SH, Kim KY, Miller YI, Ju WK. Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1414-1415. [PMID: 39075909 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sinwoo Hwang
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA (Hwang S, Choi S, Ju WK)
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA (Hwang S, Choi S, Ju WK)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA (Choi SH, Miller YI)
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA (Kim KY)
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA (Choi SH, Miller YI)
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA (Hwang S, Choi S, Ju WK)
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2
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Qin B, Hu C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lei Y. ABCA1 Deletion Does Not Affect Aqueous Humor Outflow Function in Mice. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:7195550. [PMID: 39049847 PMCID: PMC11268963 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7195550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a candidate gene within a POAG susceptibility locus by GWAS analysis, and it is involved in IOP modulation via the Cav1/eNOS/NO signaling pathway. We aim to examine the phenotype of ABCA1 deletion in the ABCA1 gene knockout (Abca1-/-) mice. Methods The anterior segments of Abca1-/- eyes were imaged by slit-lamp microscopy and anterior segment OCT. IOPs were measured by rebound tonometry. By perfusing enucleated eyes at various pressures, the aqueous humor outflow facility was determined. The mRNA expressions of ABCA1, Cav1, and eNOS were measured by RT-qPCR. The protein expressions were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results There was no significant difference in the anterior segment morphology of Abca1-/- mice. IOP and aqueous humor outflow facility did not change in Abca1-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. mRNA and protein expressions of ABCA1 were significantly lower in the outflow tissue of Abca1-/- eyes. The expressions of Cav1 and eNOS were both significantly upregulated in the outflow tissue of Abca1-/- eyes. Conclusion ABCA1 deletion does not affect IOP and aqueous humor outflow function but the Cav1/eNOS/NO pathway is changed in Abca1-/- mice. The function of ABCA1 in aqueous humor outflow still requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of MyopiaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of MyopiaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youjia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of MyopiaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of MyopiaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationFudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceEye and ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of MyopiaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesFudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationFudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Guo J, Yang J, Huang H, Wu K, Wu X, Wang H, He Y, Bi F, Hu C, Gong B, Zhang H. A new mouse-fixation device for IOP measurement in awake mice. Vision Res 2024; 219:108397. [PMID: 38579406 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an irreversible blinding eye disease. The mechanisms underlying glaucoma are complex. Up to now, no successful remedy has been found to completely cure the condition. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is an established risk factor for glaucoma and the only known modifiable factor for glaucoma treatment. Mice have been widely used to study glaucoma pathogenesis. IOP measurement is an important tool for monitoring the potential development of glaucomatous phenotypes in glaucoma mouse models. Currently, there are two methods of IOP measurement in mice: invasive and non-invasive. As the invasive method can cause corneal damage and inflammation, and most of the noninvasive method involves the use of anesthetics. In the course of our research, we designed a mouse fixation device to facilitate non-invasive measurements of mouse IOPs. Using this device, mouse IOPs can be accurately measured in awake mice. This device will help researchers to accurately assess mouse IOP without the use of anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Haotian Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu He
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Fanfeng Bi
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chenyazhuo Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Fu C, Xu J, Chen SL, Chen CB, Liang JJ, Liu Z, Huang C, Wu Z, Ng TK, Zhang M, Liu Q. Profile of Lipoprotein Subclasses in Chinese Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4544. [PMID: 38674129 PMCID: PMC11050298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the plasma lipoprotein subclasses in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a total of 20 Chinese POAG patients on intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment and 20 age-matched control subjects were recruited. Based on the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the study subjects were divided into elevated- and normal-level subgroups. The plasma lipoprotein, lipoprotein subclasses, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels were quantitatively measured. The discrimination potential of the lipoproteins was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and their correlation with clinical parameters was also evaluated. Compared to the control subjects with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels, the levels of TC, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL), LDL subclass LDL3 and small dense LDL (sdLDL), and oxLDL were significantly higher in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels. No differences in any lipoproteins or the subclasses were found between the POAG patients and control subjects with normal TC and LDL-C levels. Moderate-to-good performance of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL, LDL3, sdLDL, and oxLDL was found in discriminating between the POAG patients and control subjects with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels (AUC: 0.710-0.950). Significant negative correlations between LDL3 and sdLDL with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the superior quadrant and between LDL3 and average RNFL thickness were observed in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels. This study revealed a significant elevation of plasma lipoproteins, especially the LDL subclasses, in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels, providing insights on monitoring specific lipoproteins in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Fu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jianming Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Zibo Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Chukai Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Zhenggen Wu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Qingping Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
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Masson EAY, Serrano J, Leger-Charnay E, Acar N. Cholesterol and oxysterols in retinal neuron-glia interactions: relevance for glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 3:1303649. [PMID: 38983043 PMCID: PMC11182186 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1303649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of cellular membranes, crucial for maintaining their structural and functional integrity. It is especially important for nervous tissues, including the retina, which rely on high amounts of plasma membranes for the transmission of the nervous signal. While cholesterol is by far the most abundant sterol, the retina also contains cholesterol precursors and metabolites, especially oxysterols, which are bioactive molecules. Cholesterol lack or excess is deleterious and some oxysterols are known for their effect on neuron survival. Cholesterol homeostasis must therefore be maintained. Retinal glial cells, especially Müller cells, the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina, provide mechanical, nutritional, and metabolic support for the neighboring neurons. Several pieces of evidence indicate that Müller cells are major actors of cholesterol homeostasis in the retina, as it is known for other glial cells in the brain. This process is based on a close cooperation with neurons, and sterols can be signaling molecules participating in glia-neuron interactions. While some implication of cholesterol in age-related macular degeneration is now recognized, based on epidemiological and laboratory data, evidence for its role in glaucoma is still scarce. The association between cholesterolemia and glaucoma is controversial, but experimental data suggest that sterols could take part in the pathological processes. It has been demonstrated that Müller glial cells are implicated in the development of glaucoma through an ambivalent reactive retinal gliosis process. The early steps contribute to maintaining retinal homeostasis and favor the survival of ganglion cells, which are targeted during glaucoma. If gliosis persists, dysregulation of the neuroprotective functions, cytotoxic effects of gliotic Müller cells and disruption of glia-neuron interactions lead to an acceleration of ganglion cell death. Sterols could play a role in the glial cell response to glaucomatous injury. This represents an understudied but attractive topic to better understand glaucoma and conceive novel preventive or curative strategies. The present review describes the current knowledge on i) sterol metabolism in retinal glial cells, ii) the potential role of cholesterol in glaucoma, and iii) the possible relationships between cholesterol and oxysterols, glial cells and glaucoma. Focus is put on glia-neuron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie A Y Masson
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jeanne Serrano
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Sensory Perception, Glia/Neuron Interaction Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Elise Leger-Charnay
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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6
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Cruz-Wegener C, Kutell J, Aldaher L, deHaseth N, Bhattacharya SK, Ziebarth N. Quantifying ABCA1/apoA-1 Signaling Pathways with AFM Imaging and Lipidomic Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2816:205-222. [PMID: 38977601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3902-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The role of lipid metabolic pathways in the pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been thoroughly elucidated, with pathways involved in lipid-related disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipoprotein accumulation being of particular interest. The ABCA1/apoA-1 transduction pathway moderates reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), facilitating the transport of free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) and preventing intracellular lipid aggregates in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) due to excess FCs and PLs. A deficiency of ABCA1 transporters, and thus, dysregulation of the ABCA1/apoA-1 transduction pathway, may potentiate cellular lipid accumulation, which affects the structural and mechanical features of the cholesterol-rich RGC membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a cutting-edge imaging technique suitable for imaging topographical surfaces of a biological specimen and determining its mechanical properties and structural features. The versatility and precision of this technique may prove beneficial in understanding the effects of ABCA1/apoA-1 pathway downregulation and decreased cholesterol efflux in RGCs and their membranes. In this protocol, ABCA1-/- RGC mouse models are prepared over the course of 3 days and are then compared with non-knockout ABCA1 RGC mouse models through AFM imaging of topographical surfaces to examine the difference in membrane dynamics of knockout vs. non-knockout models. Intracellular and extracellular levels of lipids are quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cruz-Wegener
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonah Kutell
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Louay Aldaher
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noa deHaseth
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noel Ziebarth
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
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Agarwal R, Iezhitsa I. Genetic rodent models of glaucoma in representing disease phenotype and insights into the pathogenesis. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101228. [PMID: 38016252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic rodent models are widely used in glaucoma related research. With vast amount of information revealed by human studies about genetic correlations with glaucoma, use of these models is relevant and required. In this review, we discuss the glaucoma endophenotypes and importance of their representation in an experimental animal model. Mice and rats are the most popular animal species used as genetic models due to ease of genetic manipulations in these animal species as well as the availability of their genomic information. With technological advances, induction of glaucoma related genetic mutations commonly observed in human is possible to achieve in rodents in a desirable manner. This approach helps to study the pathobiology of the disease process with the background of genetic abnormalities, reveals potential therapeutic targets and gives an opportunity to test newer therapeutic options. Various genetic manipulation leading to appearance of human relevant endophenotypes in rodents indicate their relevance in glaucoma pathology and the utility of these rodent models for exploring various aspects of the disease related to targeted mutation. The molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma leading to elevated intraocular pressure and the disease hallmark, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve degeneration, have been extensively explored in genetic rodent models. In this review, we discuss the consequences of various genetic manipulations based on the primary site of pathology in the anterior or the posterior segment. We discuss how these genetic manipulations produce features in rodents that can be considered a close representation of disease phenotype in human. We also highlight several molecular mechanisms revealed by using genetic rodent models of glaucoma including those involved in increased aqueous outflow resistance, loss of retinal ganglion cells and optic neuropathy. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of the use of genetic rodent models in glaucoma related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Malaysia.
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Malaysia
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Wu J, Lin C, Yang C, Pan L, Liu H, Zhu S, Wei S, Jia X, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Zhao X, Liu W, Zhuo Y, Wang N. Identification and validation of key biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for primary open-angle glaucoma. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2837-2850. [PMID: 37610681 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a prevalent cause of blindness worldwide, resulting in degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and permanent damage to the optic nerve. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of POAG are currently indistinct, and there has been no effective nonsurgical treatment regimen. The objective of this study is to identify novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for POAG. The mRNA expression microarray datasets GSE27276 and GSE138125, as well as the single-cell high-throughput RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset GSE148371 were utilized to screen POAG-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the DEGs were performed. Subsequently, the hub genes were validated at a single-cell level, where trabecular cells were annotated, and the mRNA expression levels of target genes in different cell clusters were analyzed. Immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were performed for further validation. DEGs analysis identified 43 downregulated and 32 upregulated genes in POAG, which were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PPI networks showed that FN1 and DUSP1 were the central hub nodes, while GPX3 and VAV3 were screened out as hub genes through WGCNA and subsequently validated by qPCR. Finally, FN1, GPX3, and VAV3 were determined to be pivotal core genes via single-cell validation. The relevant biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of POAG, may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Further studies are necessary to unveil the mechanisms underlying the expression variations of these genes in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA, 94539, USA
| | - Lijie Pan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuwen Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Wang W, Wang H. Understanding the complex genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101220. [PMID: 37856931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Currently the only effective treatment for glaucoma is to reduce the intraocular pressure, which can halt the progression of the disease. Highlighting the importance of identifying individuals at risk of developing glaucoma and those with early-stage glaucoma will help patients receive treatment before sight loss. However, some cases of glaucoma do not have raised intraocular pressure. In fact, glaucoma is caused by a variety of different mechanisms and has a wide range of different subtypes. Understanding other risk factors, the underlying mechanisms, and the pathology of glaucoma might lead to novel treatments and treatment of underlying diseases. In this review we present the latest research into glaucoma including the genetics and molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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Gu J, Shi YN, Zhu N, Li HF, Zhang CJ, Qin L. Celastrol functions as an emerging manager of lipid metabolism: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114981. [PMID: 37285754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are pivotal in the development of various lipid-related diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Celastrol, a bioactive compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has recently demonstrated potent lipid-regulating abilities and promising therapeutic effects for lipid-related diseases. There is substantial evidence indicating that celastrol can ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders by regulating lipid profiles and related metabolic processes, including lipid synthesis, catabolism, absorption, transport, and peroxidation. Even wild-type mice show augmented lipid metabolism after treatment with celastrol. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the lipid-regulating properties of celastrol, as well as to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Besides, potential strategies for targeted drug delivery and combination therapy are proposed to enhance the lipid-regulating effects of celastrol and avoid the limitations of its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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11
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Pasquale LR, Khawaja AP, Wiggs JL, Kim J, Hysi P, Elze T, Lasky-Su J, Kang JH, Zeleznik O. Metabolite and Lipid Biomarkers Associated With Intraocular Pressure and Inner Retinal Morphology: 1H NMR Spectroscopy Results From the UK Biobank. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:11. [PMID: 37552033 PMCID: PMC10411643 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess metabolites associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and inner retina structure. Methods We cross-sectionally assessed 168 non-fasting plasma metabolites measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with IOP (n = 28,195), macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFL; n = 10,584), and macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPL; n = 10,554) in the UK Biobank. We used multiple linear regression models adjusting for various covariates with probit-transformed metabolite levels as predictors for each outcome. Each estimate represents the difference in outcome variable per standard deviation increase in the probit-transformed metabolite values. We used the number of effective (NEF) tests and false discovery rate (FDR) to adjust for multiple comparisons for metabolites and metabolite classes, respectively. Results In individual metabolite analysis, multiple amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, were associated with lower IOP (-0.12 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval = -0.16 to -0.07; NEF = 2.7E-05). Albumin, 3 hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and several lipids were associated with higher IOP (range = 0.07 to 0.18 mm Hg, NEF = ≤ 0.039). In IOP-adjusted analyses, five HDL-related metabolites were associated with thinner mRNFL (-0.15 microns for all metabolites, NEF = ≤ 0.027), whereas five LDL-related metabolites were associated with thicker mGCIPL (range = 0.17 to 0.20 microns; NEF = ≤ 0.044). In metabolite class analysis, the lipid components of lipoproteins (cholesterol, triglycerides, etc.) were not associated with our outcomes (FDR > 0.2 for all); yet multiple lipoproteins were significantly (FDR < 0.05) associated with all outcomes. Conclusions Branched-chain amino acids were associated with lower IOP, HDL metabolites were associated with thinner mRNFL, and LDL metabolites were associated with thicker mGCIPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Elze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Research Eye Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Oana Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - for the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Research Eye Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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12
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Wu S, Xin C, Zhu W, Wan Y, Sang Q, Du R, Wu J, Wang J, Wang N. Transformation of cognition from mechanical to biological aqueous outflow pump may be a breakthrough in solving the problem of intraocular pressure regulation in glaucoma. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-023-2342-8. [PMID: 37204605 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yue Wan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rong Du
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Lack of Association of Polymorphism Located Upstream of ABCA1 (rs2472493), in FNDC3B (rs7636836), and Near ANKRD55–MAP3K1 Genes (rs61275591) in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients of Saudi Origin. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030704. [PMID: 36980976 PMCID: PMC10048255 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms rs2472493 near ABCA1, rs7636836 in FNDC3B, and rs61275591 near the ANKRD55–MAP3K1 genes were previously reported to exhibit genome-wide significance in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Since these polymorphisms have not been investigated in the Arab population of Saudi Arabia, we examined their association with POAG in a Saudi cohort. Genotyping was performed in 152 POAG cases and 246 controls using Taqman real-time assays and their associations with POAG and clinical markers, such as intraocular pressure, cup/disc ratio, and the number of antiglaucoma medications, were tested by statistical methods. There was no association observed between POAG and the minor allele frequencies of rs2472493[G], rs7636836[T], or rs61275591[A]. None of the genetic models such as co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and log-additive demonstrated any genotype link. The Rs2472493 genotype showed a modest association (p = 0.044) with the number of antiglaucoma medications in the POAG group, but no significant genotype effect on post hoc analysis. In addition, a G-T allelic haplotype of rs2472493 (ABCA1) and rs7636836 (FNDC3B) did show an over two-fold increased risk of POAG (odds ratio = 2.18), albeit non-significantly (p = 0.092). Similarly, no other allelic haplotype of the three variants showed any significant association with POAG. Our study did not replicate the genetic association of rs2472493 (ABCA1), rs763683 (FNDC3B), and rs61275591 (ANKRD55–MAP3K1) in POAG and related clinical phenotypes, suggesting that these polymorphisms are not associated with POAG in a Saudi cohort of Arab ethnicity. However, large population-based multicenter studies are needed to validate these results.
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Profile of Dr. Zhenglin Yang. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:209-210. [PMID: 36326975 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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