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Marionneau V, Kristiansen S, Wall H. Harmful types of gambling: changes and emerging trends in longitudinal helpline data. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:335-341. [PMID: 38389465 PMCID: PMC10990548 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling products differ in terms of their harm potential. Products are also constantly developing and changing. However, little research has addressed changes and trends in the types of gambling that are associated with harms. The current study explores trends in the gambling product categories identified as harmful in longitudinal helpline data from three Nordic countries. METHODS We use data collected by national helplines in Denmark (StopSpillet), Finland (Peluuri) and Sweden (Stödlinjen) in their daily operations (N = 46 646). The data consist of information collected on gamblers and concerned significant others who have contacted these helplines between January 2019 and December 2022. We analyse which gambling products are mentioned as harmful by clients. The analysis uses linear regression with the interaction term (country) times time regressed over the outcome variable (proportion per month). RESULTS The results show that an increased share of contacts concern online gambling. Online casino products have become the most harmful category across contexts. The share of reported harms from online betting and new emerging online forms is also increasing. The share of land-based products as a reported source of harms has decreased across 2019-22. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that online gamlbing environments, and particularly online casino products, are associated with increasing harms to help-seekers. The harmfulness of different gambling products may not be stable, but change over time. Further harm prevention efforts are needed to address the online gambling field, including emerging formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Marionneau
- Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance (CEACG), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Søren Kristiansen
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wall
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stuart G, Hing N, Russell AMT. Interactive Effects of Problem-Gambling Severity, Gender and Alcohol Consumption on Electronic Gaming Machine Behaviour. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
While comorbidity of problematic alcohol and gambling use is well established, much less is known about the way in which alcohol consumption while gambling interacts with problem-gambling severity and other individual differences. We hypothesised three factors that would interact with alcohol consumption while gambling on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) to influence four behavioural gambling measures: preferred number of lines bet, average duration of play, average spend per session and preferred electronic gaming machine denomination. The latter is a measure of gambler’s preference for the monetary denomination in which EGM bets are placed (e.g. 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, $1), with higher denomination EGMs being higher risk since bets can be placed in larger amounts and money can be lost more rapidly. The three hypothesised interacting factors were problem-gambling severity, presence/absence of alcohol use disorder and biological gender. A total of 1557 male and female participants completed a questionnaire, measuring their problem-gambling status, problem alcohol status, consumption of alcohol at the gambling venue, preferred EGM denomination, preferred number of lines bet, average duration of play and average spend per session. We found the anticipated gender-differential spending effect with males spending more than females, but we also found a surprising reverse differential spending effect for problem gamblers such that females spent more than males. We also found that alcohol consumption while gambling was generally associated with a preference for higher denomination machines and that those players without alcohol problems who drank at the venue preferred to bet on more lines, suggesting a double-max strategy amongst gamblers who drank at the venue. Finally, for non-problem and low-risk gamblers, concurrent alcohol consumption was related to preference for higher denomination EGMs in female players, but not for male players. These findings are discussed in the context of the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol.
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Roberts A, Sharman S, Bowden-Jones H. The ability of the UK population surveys to capture the true nature of the extent of gambling-related harm. Addiction 2022; 117:2122-2123. [PMID: 35257425 DOI: 10.1111/add.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Steve Sharman
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- National Problem Gambling Clinic, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK
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Irvin RL, Persich MR, Robinson MD. From ability to behavior: A scenario-based assessment of health competence predicts daily health behaviors. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:728-744. [PMID: 34750998 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that we can gain new insights into health decision-making and behavior through the use of a scenario-based approach to health competence (HC). The present research sought to investigate whether and how such individual differences would matter in the conduct of daily life, within two daily diary studies (N = 260). In Study 1, participants receiving higher HC scores were more active in dealing with daily stressors or problems; by contrast, low-HC individuals were more prone to impulsive and antisocial behaviors. Based on these promising results, the Study 2 protocol was a more extensive one. Participants who received higher HC scores thought about their health more often and engaged in diverse healthy behaviors more frequently. Conversely, low-HC individuals were prone to risky and unhealthy daily behaviors. In total, the findings provide key evidence in favor of a new approach to HC and its behavioral manifestations.
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Bäckström M, Björklund F. Socially Desirable Responding in Experience Sampling. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Experience sampling often makes use of items that are similar to personality questionnaire items. Arguably, this opens up for item-popularity effects, where some respondents react to the items’ level of evaluative phrasing, causing a separate factor. Gauging the risk of item popularity effects in experience sampling is important since the multifactorial aspect of the responses to the items may cause spurious correlations. We investigate this in one original study and two existing datasets. The results reveal that evaluativeness in experience sampling items creates the same type of problems as in self-rating inventories. We conclude that personality researchers need to be aware that the experience sampling method is not vaccinated against socially desirable responding, and that careful phrasing of items promotes purer personality measures. This allows for more optimal testing of theoretical models of personality, as the fit between data and model will not concern variance in socially desirable responding but in the relevant constructs.
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Examining Change in Self-Reported Gambling Measures Over Time as Related to Socially Desirable Responding Bias. J Gambl Stud 2021; 37:1043-1054. [PMID: 32737814 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-020-09970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Socially desirable responding is a response bias that can affect the accuracy of self-reports. It is especially likely when questions address sensitive topics, such as gambling attitudes, problems and behaviours. A sample of 321 participants were recruited from Amazon's mTurk crowdsourcing platform for a randomized controlled trial investigating an online gambling intervention. Data from this study was used to examine the influence of socially desirable responding on gambling self-report measures over time. At baseline, self-deception (SD), a factor of socially desirable responding, was significantly higher among males than females and among those with household incomes greater than $20,000 per year. Controlling for demographic variability, mixed effects models examining the relationship between socially desirable responding factors [SD and impression management (IM)] and time were conducted. Among males, there were significant interactions between IM with the NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems (NODS) and the gambling symptom assessment scale (G-SAS) scores respectively, over time. In other words, males with higher IM scores, demonstrated less change in NODS and G-SAS scores from baseline to 6-month follow-up compared to males with lower IM scores. There were no significant interactions in any models among females or among the full sample. Controlling the well-documented effect of socially desirable responding on self-reported measures in addictions research should be considered as a method to help reduce error and improve validity. Future research should continue to examine the effect of this bias on gambling measures over time and in each gender.Trial registration: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03124589 , registered 19 January 2017.
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Sources of Bias in Research on Gambling Among Older Adults: Considerations for a Growing Field. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The Life Experiences of Old Women Diagnosed with a Gambling Disorder. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Magnusson K, Nilsson A, Andersson G, Hellner C, Carlbring P. Level of Agreement Between Problem Gamblers' and Collaterals' Reports: A Bayesian Random-Effects Two-Part Model. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:1127-1145. [PMID: 30941609 PMCID: PMC6828640 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the level of agreement between problem gamblers and their concerned significant others (CSOs) regarding the amount of money lost when gambling. Reported losses were analyzed from 266 participants (133 dyads) seeking treatment, which included different types of CSO-gambler dyads. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) concerning the money lost when gambling during the last 30 days were calculated based on the timeline followback. In order to model reports that were highly skewed and included zeros, a two-part generalized linear mixed-effects model was used. The results were compared from models assuming either a Gaussian, two-part gamma, or two-part lognormal response distribution. Overall, the results indicated a fair level of agreement, ICC = .57, 95% CI (.48, .64), between the gamblers and their CSOs. The partner CSOs tended to exhibit better agreement than the parent CSOs with regard to the amount of money lost, ICCdiff = .20, 95% CI (.03, .39). The difference became smaller and inconclusive when reports of no losses (zeros) were included, ICCdiff = .16, 95% CI (- .05, .36). A small simulation investigation indicated that the two-part model worked well under assumptions related to this study, and further, that calculating the ICCs under normal assumptions led to incorrect conclusions regarding the level of agreement for skewed reports (such as gambling losses). For gambling losses, the normal assumption is unlikely to hold and ICCs based on this assumption are likely to be highly unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Magnusson
- Centrum för psykiatriforskning, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Centrum för psykiatriforskning, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Centrum för psykiatriforskning, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellner
- Centrum för psykiatriforskning, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
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Joyce KM, Hudson A, O’Connor RM, Goldstein AL, Ellery M, McGrath DS, Perrot TS, Stewart SH. Retrospective and prospective assessments of gambling-related behaviors across the female menstrual cycle. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:135-145. [PMID: 30632377 PMCID: PMC7044611 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite increases in female gambling, little research investigates female-specific factors affecting gambling behavior (GB). Although research suggests that some addictive behaviors may fluctuate across menstrual cycle phase (MCP), gambling requires further investigation. In two studies, we examined associations between MCP and three risky GBs: time spent gambling, money spent gambling, and the probability of consuming alcohol while gambling. Associations between MCP and negative affect were also examined in Study 2. We predicted that, consistent with self-medication theory, increases in negative affect (Study 2) and risky GBs (Studies 1 and 2) would occur premenstrually/menstrually relative to other phases. METHODS Data were obtained from 33 female gamblers using a retrospective timeline followback procedure (Study 1) and from 20 female gamblers using a prospective 32-day, daily diary method (Study 2). In Study 2, salivary progesterone levels verified self-reported MCP validity. RESULTS Findings revealed significant, but somewhat inconsistent, MCP effects on GBs across studies. The self-medication hypothesis was partially supported. Increases relative to another MCP(s) were found for alcohol consumption while gambling premenstrually, time spent gambling menstrually/premenstrually, money spent gambling menstrually, and negative affect premenstrually. Unexpectedly, findings more consistently indicated that GBs increased during ovulation, suggestive of enhanced reward sensitivity. Progesterone assays validated self-reported MCP (Study 2). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a role of ovarian hormones on negative affect and GBs in females. This research could lead to the identification of female-specific factors affecting gambling and the development of more effective interventions for females with, or at risk for, problematic gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - Abby L. Goldstein
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Ellery
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Tara S. Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr. Sherry H. Stewart; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax NS, PO Box 15000, B3H 4R2, Canada; Phone: +1 902 494 3793; Fax: +1 902 494 6585; E-mail:
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David D, Zoizner G, Werner P. Self-Stigma and Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Qualitative Study of Stigma Formation and Dimensions. Am J Audiol 2018; 27:126-136. [PMID: 29379957 DOI: 10.1044/2017_aja-17-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored experiences of self-stigma among older persons with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) using Corrigan's conceptualization of self-stigma process formation and the attribution model as its theoretical framework. METHOD In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 older persons (mean age = 81 years) with ARHL. RESULTS Self-stigma was present in the lives of the participants. Analysis revealed the existence of 3 stages of self-stigma in which the 3 core dimensions of stigma (cognitive attributions: being old, stupid, and crippled; emotional reactions: shame, pity, and feeling ridiculed; and behavioral reactions: concealment, distancing, and adapting to hearing aids) were observed. Hearing devices emerged as having a significant influence on stigmatic experiences in all stages and dimensions of self-stigma. CONCLUSION The study contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of self-stigma regarding ARHL as well as to the understanding of the role of hearing devices in the development of this stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana David
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel
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