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Emelyanova A, Blix BH, Larsson A, Olafsdottir SA, Rautio A. Age-inclusive Arctic outdoor spaces: a policy review in four Nordic countries. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2339561. [PMID: 38615335 PMCID: PMC11017993 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2339561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, policy strategies were adopted in response to population ageing in the Nordic countries. Governmental actions have to be evaluated in terms of their efficacy. The objective of this article is to identify and review the policies related to age-inclusive outdoor spaces in the Arctic regions of Nordic countries. Our analysis focuses on central government white papers that address the older adults in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland. A review of such policy documents provides insights into the predominant understandings of older adults and healthy ageing. Moreover, such analysis may identify "blind spots" in the national policies, especially regarding the sparsely researched northernmost and rural Arctic territories. Our results demonstrate how the older populations in the Nordic Arctic and their access to outdoor spaces are addressed in the policy documents. We found that with few exceptions, the older people of the rural Arctic is strikingly absent in the Nordic national governmental papers. Moreover, access to outdoor spaces is mentioned in general terms, and specific challenges of the rural Arctic context, such as the harsh climate, long winters and geographical distances are not addressed. The noticed omissions might be the result of "urban-rural", "south-north", "indoor-outdoor", and "generalisation" biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Emelyanova
- Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Bodil H. Blix
- Department of health and care sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of education, arts and sports, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Agneta Larsson
- Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Steinunn A. Olafsdottir
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Härmä M, Kecklund G, Tucker P. Working hours and health - key research topics in the past and future. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:233-243. [PMID: 38497926 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper discusses the past and present highlights of working hours and health research and identifies key research needs for the future. METHOD We analyzed over 220 original articles and reviews on working hours and health in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health published during the last 50 years. Key publications from other journals were also included. RESULTS The majority of identified articles focussed on the effects of shift and night work, with fewer studying long and reduced working hours and work time control. We observed a transition from small-scale experimental and intensive field studies to large-scale epidemiological studies utilizing precise exposure assessment, reflecting the recent emergence of register-based datasets and the development of analytic methods and alternative study designs for randomized controlled designs. The cumulative findings provide convincing evidence that shift work and long working hours, which are often associated with night work and insufficient recovery, increase the risk of poor sleep and fatigue, sickness absence, occupational injuries, and several chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The observed risks are strongly modified by individual and work-related factors. CONCLUSIONS Although the observed health risks of shift work and long working hours are mostly low or moderate, the widespread prevalence of exposure and the hazardousness of the many associated potential outcomes makes such working time arrangements major occupational health risks. Further research is needed to identify exposure-response associations, especially in relation to the chronic health effects, and to elucidate underlying pathways and effective personalized intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Work Ability and Work Careers, Helsinki, Finland.
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Rosenberg S, Sundberg J, Lã FMB. Kulning: Acoustic and Perceptual Characteristics of a Calling Style Used Within the Scandinavian Herding Tradition. J Voice 2024; 38:585-594. [PMID: 34991935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kulning, a loud, high-pitched vocal calling technique pertaining to the Scandinavian herding system, has attracted several researchers' attention, mainly focusing on cultural, phonatory and musical aspects. Less attention has been paid to the spectral and physiological properties that characterize Kulning tones, and also if there is a physiologically optimum pitch range. We analyzed tones produced by ten participants with varying experience in Kulning. They performed a phrase, pitch range G5 to C6 (784 to 1046 Hz), in three different conditions: starting (1) on pitch A5, (2) on the participant's preferred pitch, and (3) after the deepest possible inhalation, also on the participant's preferred pitch subglottal pressure (Psub) was measured as the oral pressure during /p/-occlusion. The quality of the Kulning was rated by a group of experts. The highest-rated tones all had a sound pressure level (SPL) at 0.3 m exceeding 115 dB and a pitch higher than 1010 Hz, while the SPL of the lowest rated tones was less than 108 dB at a pitch below 900 Hz. A multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the ratings and Psub), SPL, level of the fundamental and the frequency at which a spectrum envelope dip occurred. Highly rated tones were started at maximum lung volumes, and on participants' preferred pitches. They all shared a high frequency of the spectrum envelope dip and a high level of the fundamental. In decreasing order of ratings, Condition 3 showed the highest values followed by Condition 2 and Condition 1. Each singer seemed to perform best within an individual Psub and pitch range. The relevance of the results to voice pedagogy, artistic, and compositional work is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rosenberg
- Department of Folk Music, Academy 1, Royal College of Music in Stockholm (KMH), Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johan Sundberg
- Department of Speech Music Hearing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Voice Department, The Stockholm University College of Music Education (SMI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filipa M B Lã
- Faculty of Education, Department of Didactics, School Organization and Special Didactics, The National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Mäntylä M, Elomaa I, Mattson J, Lindroos P, Killander D, Littbrand B, Overgaard J, Tenhunen M. Lars R Holsti (1926-2023), Big name in Finnish and Nordic oncology. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:229. [PMID: 38682456 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.40168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Mäntylä
- Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Finland
| | - Inkeri Elomaa
- Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Finland
| | - Johanna Mattson
- Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Mikko Tenhunen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Finland.
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Marionneau V, Kristiansen S, Wall H. Harmful types of gambling: changes and emerging trends in longitudinal helpline data. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:335-341. [PMID: 38389465 PMCID: PMC10990548 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling products differ in terms of their harm potential. Products are also constantly developing and changing. However, little research has addressed changes and trends in the types of gambling that are associated with harms. The current study explores trends in the gambling product categories identified as harmful in longitudinal helpline data from three Nordic countries. METHODS We use data collected by national helplines in Denmark (StopSpillet), Finland (Peluuri) and Sweden (Stödlinjen) in their daily operations (N = 46 646). The data consist of information collected on gamblers and concerned significant others who have contacted these helplines between January 2019 and December 2022. We analyse which gambling products are mentioned as harmful by clients. The analysis uses linear regression with the interaction term (country) times time regressed over the outcome variable (proportion per month). RESULTS The results show that an increased share of contacts concern online gambling. Online casino products have become the most harmful category across contexts. The share of reported harms from online betting and new emerging online forms is also increasing. The share of land-based products as a reported source of harms has decreased across 2019-22. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that online gamlbing environments, and particularly online casino products, are associated with increasing harms to help-seekers. The harmfulness of different gambling products may not be stable, but change over time. Further harm prevention efforts are needed to address the online gambling field, including emerging formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Marionneau
- Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance (CEACG), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Søren Kristiansen
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wall
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brattmyr M, Lindberg MS, Lundqvist J, Öst LG, Solem S, Hjemdal O, Havnen A. Clinically representative therapy for Nordic adult outpatients with common mental health problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:311-320. [PMID: 37902112 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap regarding clinically representative therapy given in routine settings, that is treatment as usual (TAU), for patients with common mental health problems (CMHP). This review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate what characterizes clinically representative therapy in Nordic routine clinics and meta-analyze the outcome of such treatment. Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and SveMed+) were searched for TAU, CMHP, and Nordic countries, together with backward and forward search in Scopus (7 November 2022). Studies were either randomized controlled trials (RCT) or open trials, using prospective study designs, examining heterogeneous outpatient groups in routine treatment. Within- and between-group effect sizes (ES), using random effects model, and moderator analyses were calculated. Eleven studies (n = 1,413), demonstrated a small to moderate within-group ES with high heterogeneity (g = 0.49, I2 = 90%). ESs in RCTs were significantly smaller than in open trials. TAU had a marginally smaller ES (g = -0.21; adjusted for publication bias g = -0.06) compared to a broad set of clinical interventions. Clinically representative therapy in the Nordic countries demonstrated a wide variety of characteristics and also a marginally lower ES compared to other interventions. The ESs were smaller than other meta-analyses examining evidence-based treatments in routine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brattmyr
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Schevik Lindberg
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Mental Health Care Services, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jakob Lundqvist
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars-Göran Öst
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stian Solem
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nidaros Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Agerholm JS, Christoffersen M, Secher JBM, Normann A, Pedersen HG. Dystocia in cattle and horses: a compilation of historical artworks dedicated to Professor Gerhard Sand (1861-1921). Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:12. [PMID: 38491360 PMCID: PMC10943861 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Professor Gerhard Sand (1861-1921) was the first professor of veterinary obstetrics at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark. He began teaching the theory and practice of obstetrics to veterinary students in 1887 and spent the following years until his death in 1921 developing the veterinary obstetrics teaching program. During this period, veterinary obstetrics was established as an independent discipline at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Professor Sand's teaching had a major impact on the field of veterinary obstetrics in Scandinavia. He was devoted to teaching veterinary obstetrics and produced a number of obstetrical illustrations, some of which showed different causes of dystocia, mainly fetal malpresentation in cattle and horses. Professor Sand created the illustrations with the intention of publishing a handbook of obstetrics, but due to illness and an early death, this work was never completed. This compilation of historical artworks of dystocia in cattle and horses includes some of these illustrations and is published to honour Professor Sand, with the intention of making his illustrations widely available for the teaching of veterinary obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Mette Christoffersen
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jan Boysen-Møller Secher
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Annika Normann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gervi Pedersen
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
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Mattelin E, Paidar K, Söderlind N, Fröberg F, Korhonen L. A systematic review of studies on resilience and risk and protective factors for health among refugee children in Nordic countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:667-700. [PMID: 35445318 PMCID: PMC10894096 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Nordic welfare model is often used as an example for the promotion of health and wellbeing, even in vulnerable groups of children, such as refugees. Nonetheless, there are no published reviews on resilience and/or risk and protective factors for physical and mental health among refugee children living in Nordic countries. In this systematic review, we identified 5181 studies on the topic, screened titles, and abstracts, viewed 632, and finally included 26 studies. These studies described 18 samples with a total of 34,080 individuals ranging in ages 0-18 years. Overall, the studies were of good quality. Nearly all studies assessed adversity. Six studies reported physical health outcomes and all studies mental health outcomes, most often post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety. None explicitly studied resilience. While we found that age and sex are the most frequently studied risk- and protective factors, findings are inconclusive, since the direction of the associations was different in the different studies. This systematic review indicates that there is still a need for well-designed and -powered studies using clear definitions of key study concepts to examine health outcomes and resilience among refugee children in Nordic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Mattelin
- Barnafrid and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kristina Paidar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Halland, Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - Natalie Söderlind
- Barnafrid and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Frida Fröberg
- Barnafrid and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Barnafrid and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Glent JCF, Thorgersen EB. Current status and outlook of robotic surgery in the Nordic countries. Scand J Surg 2024; 113:28-30. [PMID: 37974419 DOI: 10.1177/14574969231211078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John C F Glent
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Ringerike Hospital, Hønefoss, Norway
| | - Ebbe B Thorgersen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Oslo University Hospital The Radium Hospital P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen 0424 Oslo Norway
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Zuin Zeidler VG. Sustainable chemistry and food systems lessons-the same procedure as every year? Science 2024; 383:eado2352. [PMID: 38330114 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
"Dinner for One," a short black-and-white video performed in English from the 1960s, has become a cherished tradition in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, broadcast on TV every New Year's Eve for decades and gaining newfound popularity on social media among members of Generation Z. The narrative follows a British butler, James, whose employer, Miss Sophie, celebrates her 90th birthday as she has for many years by inviting her closest friends to dinner, though they have long since passed away. When asked by James throughout the dinner "The same procedure as last year?" while soup, fish, chicken, and fruit are being served, each with its corresponding beverage, Miss Sophie replies, "The same procedure as every year." But although it may be beloved as a work of comedic fiction, the same procedure as every year, the "business as usual" approach, is not sustainable in the real world when it comes to the food on our plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia G Zuin Zeidler
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Niedersachsen, Germany.
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Mahase E. Nearly 500 clinical trials carried out in Nordic countries since 2016 remain unpublished. BMJ 2024; 384:q343. [PMID: 38331438 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
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Grzybowski A, Pawlikowska-Łagód K. 100th anniversary of Acta Ophthalmologica. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:8-14. [PMID: 37606384 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The Year 2023 is particularly important for Acta Ophthalmologica journal. It is an anniversary year, as Acta Ophthalmologica celebrates its 100th anniversary. The journal was founded by Konrad Kristian Karl (K.K.K) Lundsgaard in 1923. The goal was to present the clinical and experimental achievements of the ophthalmological communities of the Nordic countries. With the passage of time and increasing interest from scientific communities in other countries, it has become one of the most visible ophthalmology journals in the world. Acta Ophthalmologica publishes a wide variety of high-quality ophthalmological papers. Here, we present the activities of Acta Ophthalmologica over the past 100 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland
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Callaway E. The life and gruesome death of a bog man revealed after 5,000 years. Nature 2024; 626:937. [PMID: 38383650 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
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Jensen MLV, Aabenhus RM, Holzknecht BJ, Bjerrum L, Siersma V, COrdoba G, Jensen JN. Sociodemographic characterisation of antibiotic heavy users in the Danish elderly population. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:31-38. [PMID: 36076357 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221119638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The development of effective interventions to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics in the elderly population requires knowledge on who can benefit from such interventions. Thus, we aimed to identify and characterise antibiotic heavy users among elderly patients in general practice with respect to sociodemographic variables. METHODS We conducted a retrospective nationwide register-based study on all Danish elderly citizens (⩾65 years) who redeemed an antibiotic prescription in 2017. Heavy users were defined as the 10% with the highest excess use, that is, their recorded use minus the average use for their sex, age group and comorbidity level as estimated from a linear regression model. Comparative analyses of sociodemographic characteristics (civil status, employment status, urbanity, educational level and country of origin) of heavy users and non-heavy users were performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS The study population consisted of 251,733 elderly individuals, who in total redeemed 573,265 prescriptions of antibiotics. Heavy users accounted for 68% of all excess use of antibiotics. In multivariable analyses, individuals with an educational level above basic schooling, non-retired, residing in an urban municipality and being born in a country outside Scandinavia all had lower odds of being a heavy user. Widowed, divorced or single individuals had higher odds of being a heavy user compared with married individuals. Relative importance analyses showed that civil status and educational level contributed considerably to the explained variance. CONCLUSIONS This study found an association between sociodemographic characteristics and risk of being a heavy user, indicating that sociodemographic variation exists with regard to antibiotic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L V Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune M Aabenhus
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara J Holzknecht
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bjerrum
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gloria COrdoba
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette N Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Capital Region Committee for the Prevention of Hospital Infections, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu Y, Olsson A, Larva T, Cantwell-Jones A, Gill RJ, Cederberg B, Webster MT. Genomic variation in montane bumblebees in Scandinavia: High levels of intraspecific diversity despite population vulnerability. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17251. [PMID: 38112228 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Populations of many bumblebee species are declining, with distributions shifting northwards to track suitable climates. Climate change is considered a major contributing factor. Arctic species are particularly vulnerable as they cannot shift further north, making assessment of their population viability important. Analysis of levels of whole-genome variation is a powerful way to analyse population declines and fragmentation. Here, we use genome sequencing to analyse genetic variation in seven species of bumblebee from the Scandinavian mountains, including two classified as vulnerable. We sequenced 333 samples from across the ranges of these species in Sweden. Estimates of effective population size (NE ) vary from ~55,000 for species with restricted high alpine distributions to 220,000 for more widespread species. Population fragmentation is generally very low or undetectable over large distances in the mountains, suggesting an absence of barriers to gene flow. The relatively high NE and low population structure indicate that none of the species are at immediate risk of negative genetic effects caused by high levels of genetic drift. However, reconstruction of historical fluctuations in NE indicates that the arctic specialist species Bombus hyperboreus has experienced population declines since the last ice age and we detected one highly inbred diploid male of this species close to the southern limit of its range, potentially indicating elevated genetic load. Although the levels of genetic variation in montane bumblebee populations are currently relatively high, their ranges are predicted to shrink drastically due to the effects of climate change and monitoring is essential to detect future population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tuuli Larva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aoife Cantwell-Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Richard J Gill
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Björn Cederberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew T Webster
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nøhr C, Gilstad H, Vehko T, Reponen J, Villumsen S, Hardardottir GA, Pedersen R, Vimarlund V, Koch S. Citizens Access to Health Information in National Portals in the Nordic Countries. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 310:494-498. [PMID: 38269858 DOI: 10.3233/shti231014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
National eHealth portals for citizens are available in the five Nordic countries. This study describes and compares the Nordic citizen portals and identifies variations in content access and functionality. The findings suggest that availability of information and services depend on the organisation of the health system, the connection to national health information exchange platforms and incentives for providing data and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nøhr
- Danish Center for Health Informatics, Dept. of Planning, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Heidi Gilstad
- SEKOM, Dept. of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Tuulikki Vehko
- Health and Social Service System Research, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland
| | - Jarmo Reponen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital (MRC Oulu), Finland
| | | | | | - Rune Pedersen
- Norwegian Center for E-health Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vivian Vimarlund
- Dept. of Information and Computer Science, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Sabine Koch
- Dept. of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Burdorf A, Rugulies R. Fifty years of research in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:3-10. [PMID: 38054807 PMCID: PMC10914020 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health was launched 50 years ago. In this paper we describe how research topics have changed over time. METHODS A complete list of all 2899 articles in the past 50 years was compiled. Each article was coded for type of exposure, type of health outcome, research design, first author, and country of correspondence address. Count of citations was based on the Scopus database. RESULTS Overall, the attention for chemical exposure in the first 30 years has shifted towards the psychosocial work environment, shift work, and physical work load. These shifts in exposure are mirrored by increased attention over time for mental disorders and musculoskeletal disorders. Cardiovascular disorders and cancer have been studied consistently over the past 50 years. Researchers from Scandinavian countries have been responsible for about 50% of the Journal's content, while authorship has broadened to about 30 countries in recent years. CONCLUSION During the past 50 years, some research topics have consistently remained highly visible in the Journal, whereas other topics have gained or lost interest. In terms of authors' contribution, the Journal has its roots in research from the Nordic countries, but has evolved over time as a truly international periodical with a well-recognized position in research on occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sarnola K, Koskinen H, Klintrup K, Astrup C, Kurko T. Uptake and availability of new outpatient cancer medicines in 2010-2021 in Nordic countries - survey of competent authorities. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1437. [PMID: 38110924 PMCID: PMC10729379 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nordic countries excel in cancer care, but studies on uptake, costs, or managed entry agreements of cancer medicines have not been conducted recently. The aim of this study was to examine the uptake and availability of orally administered new cancer medicines in Nordic countries. Orally administered cancer medicines enable and are used in the community as part of outpatient care. Firstly, we studied the distribution, costs and adoption of managed entry agreements of these medicines, and secondly, uptake of and managed entry agreements for cancer medicines used in outpatient care that were granted marketing authorization in Europe in 2010-2021. METHODS An E-mail survey of competent authorities, meaning pharmaceutical service organizers, payers or other government or non-government actors developing pharmaceutical service operations, in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in April-June 2022. The data were analysed using frequencies and percentages for descriptive analysis. RESULTS The distribution of cancer medicines has similarities in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, where cancer medicines can be distributed both via hospitals or hospital pharmacies for inpatient use, and via community pharmacies for outpatient use. In Denmark, cancer medicines are predominantly distributed via publicly funded hospitals. In all countries that provided data on the costs, the costs of cancer medicines had notably gone up from 2010 to 2021. The number of reimbursable medicines out of new cancer medicines varied from 36 products in Denmark and Iceland to 51 products in Sweden, out of 67 studied products. Managed entry agreements, often with confidential discounts, were in use in all Nordic countries. The number of agreements and the cancer types for which agreements were most often made varied from three agreements made in Iceland to 35 agreements made in Finland, out of 67 studied products. Average days from authorization to reimbursement of new cancer medicines varied from an average of 416 to 895 days. CONCLUSIONS Nordic countries share similar characteristics but also differ in terms of the details in distribution, adopted managed entry agreements, market entry, and availability of new orally administered cancer medicines used in the outpatient care. The costs of cancer medicines have increased in all Nordic countries during the last decade. Due to differences in health care and because orally administered cancer medicines can be dispensed at community and hospital pharmacies in all studied countries other than Denmark, the number of reimbursable medicines and managed entry agreements vary between countries. However, Nordic countries show good agreement for 2010 to 2021 in entry and reimbursement decisions of novel cancer medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Sarnola
- Research Unit, Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela), P.O. Box 450, Helsinki, 00056 KELA, Finland.
| | - Hanna Koskinen
- Research Unit, Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela), P.O. Box 450, Helsinki, 00056 KELA, Finland
| | - Katariina Klintrup
- Medical Advisory Centre, Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilie Astrup
- Business Intelligence and Health Economy, Amgros I/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terhi Kurko
- Research Unit, Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela), P.O. Box 450, Helsinki, 00056 KELA, Finland
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19
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Rydland HT, Bentsen HL, Ervik R, Grønning K, Islam K, Kjerstad E, Skogedal Lindén T. Promoting labour market inclusion of the chronically ill: a scoping review of Scandinavian countries' efforts. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1097-1107. [PMID: 35535443 PMCID: PMC10642227 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221096005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article is a scoping review of efforts in labour market inclusion of the chronically ill in the Scandinavian countries, a research area that has received much political as well as research attention in recent years. The aim of the review was to identify promising strategies and the need for further research. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched for literature published between 2015 and 2020. We included peer-reviewed articles that studied the effect of measures, aimed at the workplace or at the individual, that are intended to increase participation. Our search resulted in 2718 articles; our screening procedures resulted in 47 included articles. RESULTS Among the included studies, musculoskeletal problems (17 articles) and mental health problems (29 articles) were the most frequent chronic conditions. Multimodal occupational rehabilitation programmes directed towards the individual employee were the most frequent interventions (30 articles). Return to work (24 articles) and sickness absence (12 articles) were the most common outcomes. About half (25 articles) of the included studies reported a positive impact of the intervention on work inclusion of the chronically ill. CONCLUSIONS Our review found little evidence of how government programmes directed towards the supply side of the labour market succeed in including the chronically ill. Our review further indicated that multidisciplinary workplace interventions have a substantial effect. We also identified a significant lack of research on the effect of various governmental policies and programmes, including local health, work and welfare services, and limited coordination and cooperation between health and work services professions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rune Ervik
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjersti Grønning
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamrul Islam
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Hardvik Åkerström J, Santoni G, von Euler Chelpin M, Chidambaram S, Markar SR, Maret-Ouda J, Ness-Jensen E, Kauppila JH, Holmberg D, Lagergren J. Decreased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma After Gastric Bypass Surgery in a Cohort Study From 3 Nordic Countries. Ann Surg 2023; 278:904-909. [PMID: 37450697 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that bariatric surgery decreases the risk of esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma. BACKGROUND Obesity is strongly associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and moderately with cardia adenocarcinoma, but whether weight loss prevents these tumors is unknown. METHODS This population-based cohort study included patients with an obesity diagnosis in Sweden, Finland, or Denmark. Participants were divided into a bariatric surgery group and a nonoperated group. The incidence of esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma (ECA) was first compared with the corresponding background population by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% CIs. Second, the bariatric surgery group and the nonoperated group were compared using multivariable Cox regression, providing hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI, adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, calendar year, and country. RESULTS Among 748,932 participants with an obesity diagnosis, 91,731 underwent bariatric surgery, predominantly gastric bypass (n=70,176; 76.5%). The SIRs of ECA decreased over time after gastric bypass, from SIR=2.2 (95% CI, 0.9-4.3) after 2 to 5 years to SIR=0.6 (95% CI, <0.1-3.6) after 10 to 40 years. Gastric bypass patients were also at a decreased risk of ECA compared with nonoperated patients with obesity [adjusted HR=0.6, 95% CI, 0.4-1.0 (0.98)], with decreasing point estimates over time. Gastric bypass was followed by a strongly decreased adjusted risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR=0.3, 95% CI, 0.1-0.8) but not of cardia adenocarcinoma (HR=0.9, 95% CI, 0.5-1.6), when analyzed separately. There were no consistent associations between other bariatric procedures (mainly gastroplasty, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion) and ECA. CONCLUSIONS Gastric bypass surgery may counteract the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in morbidly obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hardvik Åkerström
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Giola Santoni
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Swathikan Chidambaram
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Maret-Ouda
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim/Levanger, Norway
- Medical Department, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Dag Holmberg
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
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21
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Linnansaari A, Ollila H, Pisinger C, Scheffels J, Kinnunen JM, Rimpelä A. Towards Tobacco-Free Generation: implementation of preventive tobacco policies in the Nordic countries. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1108-1121. [PMID: 35799463 PMCID: PMC10642214 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Europe's Beating Cancer Plan set a goal of creating a Tobacco-Free Generation in Europe by 2040. Prevention is important for achieving this goal. We compare the Nordic countries' preventive tobacco policies, discuss the possible determinants for similarities and differences in policy implementation, and provide strategies for strengthening tobacco prevention. METHODS We used the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) to identify the key policies for this narrative review. We focused on Articles 6, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 16 of the WHO FCTC, and assessed the status of the required (core) and recommended (advanced) policies and their application to novel tobacco and nicotine products. Information on the implementation of strategies, acts and regulations were searched from global and national tobacco control databases, websites and scientific articles via PubMed and MEDLINE. RESULTS The WHO FCTC and European regulations have ensured that the core policies are mostly in place, but also contributed to the shared deficiencies that are seen especially in the regulations on smokeless tobacco and novel products. Strong national tobacco control actors have facilitated countries to implement some advanced policies - even as the first countries in the world: point-of-sale display bans (Iceland), outdoor smoking bans (Sweden), flavour bans on electronic cigarettes (Finland), plain packaging (Norway), and plain packaging on electronic cigarettes (Denmark). CONCLUSIONS Collaboration and participation in reinforcing the European regulations, resources for national networking between tobacco control actors, and national regulations to provide protection from the tobacco industry's interference are needed to strengthen comprehensive implementation of tobacco policies in the Nordic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Linnansaari
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Ollila
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne Scheffels
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaana M. Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Rimpelä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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22
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Vangsted A, Thinggaard BS, Nissen AHK, Hajari JN, Klefter ON, Krogh Nielsen M, Sørensen TL, Grauslund J, Subhi Y. Prevalence of geographic atrophy in Nordic countries and number of patients potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment: A systematic review with meta-analyses and forecasting study. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:857-868. [PMID: 37680141 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We systematically reviewed the literature on the prevalence of geographic atrophy (GA) in Nordic populations, conducted meta-analyses on age-stratified estimates, and calculated current and future number of patients and those potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and our protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Ten databases were searched on 22 April 2023 for population-based studies of GA prevalence. Based on clinical descriptive analyses of GA and eligibility criteria of the phase III studies for intravitreal pegcetacoplan (complement C3 and C3b inhibitor), we were able to calculate the proportion of patients with GA potentially eligible for therapy. Finally, we extracted population data for Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) from Eurostat, applied prevalence statistics to the extracted census and forecasting data to estimate the number of patients with GA, and then applied the proportion eligible for intravitreal pegcetacoplan therapy. We identified six studies with a total of 10 159 individuals. Prevalence of GA was estimated to 0.4% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.2%-0.8%), 1.5% (95% CI: 0.7%-2.6%), and 7.6% (95% CI: 4.6%-11.3%) for individuals aged 60-69, 70-79, and 80+ years, respectively. In Nordic countries, we estimate a total of 166 307 individuals with GA in 2023, increasing to 277 893 in 2050. Of these, 90 803 individuals in 2023, increasing to 151 730 in 2050, are potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. Considering these large numbers, our study highlights the importance of this topic in the coming years and its potential to significantly impact our clinical practice, organization, and staffing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Vangsted
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin S Thinggaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne H K Nissen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Javad N Hajari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver N Klefter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben L Sørensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Silén C, Kalén S, Lundh P, Mattson J, Manninen K. Students' learning in clinical practice - a scoping review of characteristics of research in the Nordic countries. Med Educ Online 2023; 28:2279347. [PMID: 37979165 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2279347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The complex nature of student learning in clinical practice calls for a comprehensive pedagogical framework on how to create optimal learning affordances. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of conducted research regarding investigated research questions, distribution of different health care student groups, and employed methodological approaches. METHODS A scoping review was chosen to capture the multifaceted characteristics in the field of learning in clinical practice. Funded local projects were analysed to provide significant core concepts for the literature search. A systematic search and review of articles published 2000-2019 in the Nordic countries was conducted according to PRISMA- ScR (23). The search was made in Medline (OVID), SveMed+ and CINAHL and resulted in 3126 articles. After screening of the titles and abstracts 988 articles were included for further review. The abstracts of all these articles were reviewed against established inclusion and exclusion criteria and 391 articles were included. Characteristics of purposes and research questions were analysed with a qualitative content approach resulting in identified subject areas including significant categories. Health care student groups and methodological approaches were also identified. RESULTS Subjects predominating the research were organisation of clinical practice, supervision, and students' experience followed by interprofessional learning and learning environment. Co-operation, university-clinical setting, and patients' role were investigated to a small extent. Sparsely occurring subjects were also specific learning outcomes and evidence-based knowledge. Nursing students were involved in 74% of the studies, medical students in 20%, and other professions around 8%. Qualitative approaches were most common. CONCLUSION Health care students' learning in clinical practice has been researched to a large extent within the Nordic countries and important subject areas are well represented. The research displays a great potential to extract and describe factors to create a pedagogical framework with significant meaning to support students' learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Silén
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Kalén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Education, Health and Medical Care Administration, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lundh
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janet Mattson
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Children's Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katri Manninen
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Swedene
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Rönkä AR, Sailo A, Hirvonen N. Six decades of longitudinal health knowledge production: a systematic review on Nordic birth cohort studies. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2278815. [PMID: 38010742 PMCID: PMC10997306 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2278815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review (a) identifies birth cohort studies (BCSs) established in the Nordic countries, (b) describes their basic characteristics, and (c) explores how these characteristics have evolved over time, discussing their implications to knowledge production. To identify Nordic BCSs, cohort databases and relevant scientific articles were systematically searched and screened.The review shows that since 1959, more than 600,000 index children have participated in the 79 Nordic BCSs (22 Danish, 20 Finnish, 12 Norwegian, 24 Swedish, one Icelandic), over half of them still ongoing. The Nordic BCSs cover a wide geographical area including the Nordic Arctic. The topics of BCSs have varied over time but most have focused on examining the developmental origins of diseases. A quarter of them had a general scope, while the rest started with a specific focus, commonly atopic diseases. All BCSs collected questionnaire and/or interview data and over 60% of the BCSs announced exclusion criteria for participants, typically insufficient language proficiency.NBCSs have produced crucial scientific knowledge for over six decades, but there are underutilised opportunities including systematic interdisciplinary collaboration, inclusion of children's own views of their health and well-being, intergenerational data collection, and specific knowledge of Arctic indigenous peoples and other minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reetta Rönkä
- Faculty of Education and Psychology and History of Sciences and Ideas, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annukka Sailo
- History of Sciences and Ideas, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noora Hirvonen
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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25
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Wunder J, Fulgione A, Toräng P, Wötzel S, Herzog M, Obeso JR, Kourmpetis Y, van Ham R, Odong T, Bink M, Kemi U, Ågren J, Coupland G. Adaptation of perennial flowering phenology across the European range of Arabis alpina. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231401. [PMID: 37989245 PMCID: PMC10688268 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering phenology is important in the adaptation of many plants to their local environment, but its adaptive value has not been extensively studied in herbaceous perennials. We used Arabis alpina as a model system to determine the importance of flowering phenology to fitness of a herbaceous perennial with a wide geographical range. Individual plants representative of local genetic diversity (accessions) were collected across Europe, including in Spain, the Alps and Scandinavia. The flowering behaviour of these accessions was documented in controlled conditions, in common-garden experiments at native sites and in situ in natural populations. Accessions from the Alps and Scandinavia varied in whether they required exposure to cold (vernalization) to induce flowering, and in the timing and duration of flowering. By contrast, all Spanish accessions obligately required vernalization and had a short duration of flowering. Using experimental gardens at native sites, we show that an obligate requirement for vernalization increases survival in Spain. Based on our analyses of genetic diversity and flowering behaviour across Europe, we propose that in the model herbaceous perennial A. alpina, an obligate requirement for vernalization, which is correlated with short duration of flowering, is favoured by selection in Spain where the plants experience a long growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wunder
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Fulgione
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Per Toräng
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Wötzel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michel Herzog
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - José Ramón Obeso
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Universidad de Oviedo, Campus de Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Yiannis Kourmpetis
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland van Ham
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- KeyGene, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Odong
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Bink
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Kemi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Helgadottir H, Folseraas T, Kemmerich G, Aabakken L, Jørgensen KK, Vesterhus M. Primær skleroserende kolangitt. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023; 143:23-0156. [PMID: 37987062 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a severe liver disease and a leading cause of liver transplantation in Scandinavia. This clinical review article examines recently revised recommendations on diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of patients with this disease. Treatment of symptoms, assessment of fibrosis and monitoring for the development of cancer in the liver and bowel are central.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holmfridur Helgadottir
- Norsk senter for PSC, Avdeling for transplantasjonsmedisin, Klinikk for kirurgi, inflammasjonsmedisin og transplantasjon, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet, og, Medisinsk avdeling, Haraldsplass Diakonale Sykehus
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norsk senter for PSC, Avdeling for transplantasjonsmedisin, Klinikk for kirurgi, inflammasjonsmedisin og transplantasjon, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| | - Gunter Kemmerich
- Avdeling for radiologi, Klinikk for radiologi og nukleærmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Norsk senter for PSC, Avdeling for transplantasjonsmedisin, Klinikk for kirurgi, inflammasjonsmedisin og transplantasjon, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet, og, Institutt for klinisk medisin, Det medisinske fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo
| | - Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen
- Norsk senter for PSC, Avdeling for transplantasjonsmedisin, Klinikk for kirurgi, inflammasjonsmedisin og transplantasjon, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet, og, Gastromedisinsk avdeling, Akershus universitetssykehus, Lørenskog
| | - Mette Vesterhus
- Norsk senter for PSC, Avdeling for transplantasjonsmedisin, Klinikk for kirurgi, inflammasjonsmedisin og transplantasjon, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet, og, Medisinsk avdeling, Haraldsplass Diakonale Sykehus, og, Klinisk institutt 2, Universitetet i Bergen
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Vinnes EW, Karlsen Sletten IS, Alnæs M, Storaas T, Aarsand AK. A survey of total IgE reference intervals reported by Scandinavian and British medical laboratories - a need for harmonisation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:470-478. [PMID: 37815437 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2261102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There appears to be marked discrepancies between total IgE reference intervals (RIs) in use by many laboratories and those recommended by published studies. The aim of this study was therefore to review total IgE RIs currently reported by Scandinavian and British laboratories and to compare these to published RIs identified by a literature review. METHODS Relevant laboratories were identified by test directories provided by the national accreditation bodies in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the UK. Total IgE RIs and their sources were acquired by accessing laboratory user handbooks or by an electronic survey. In addition a literature review of published total IgE RI studies was performed. RESULTS From 172 accredited laboratories providing total IgE analysis, data was acquired from 122 laboratories. An adult upper reference limit between 81 to 150 kU/L was reported by 89% of these. Denmark and Sweden reported the most harmonised RIs whilst Norway and the UK exhibited the least degree of harmonisation. Published adult (n = 6) and paediatric (n = 6) RI studies reported markedly higher upper limits than those currently in use by the laboratories included in this study. There were also large variations in the number of age strata in use for paediatric RIs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates large variations in currently utilised IgE RIs by Scandinavian and British accredited laboratories and most report markedly lower RIs than those recommended by recent RI publications. Many laboratories likely utilise outdated RIs and should consider critically reviewing and updating their RIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wilhelm Vinnes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marie Alnæs
- Section of Clinical Allergy, Department of Occupational Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torgeir Storaas
- Section of Clinical Allergy, Department of Occupational Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aasne K Aarsand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Moira Ryan S. Norwegian climatology, the Republic of Letters and the Nordic Enlightenment. Ann Sci 2023; 80:303-336. [PMID: 37165547 DOI: 10.1080/00033790.2023.2209095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although natural philosophers of Enlightenment Europe shared common ideals, like reliance on reason and natural philosophy, to promote what they deemed to be progress; there were national differences in attitude and disciplinary focus. This paper takes various eligibility criteria as a starting point from which to define a Nordic Enlightenment science; and situates endeavours in climate science within visions of useful science and international conventions for scientific practice. Two perspectives are explored: the make-up of the Nordic Enlightenment science; and the Nordic natural philosopher's various platforms for work and knowledge transfer. While historians differ as to what constitutes Enlightenment thought and spirit, I establish the existence of a Nordic Enlightenment science by identifying and examining several of its indicators. The paper concludes with a more specific discussion of climate science in Norway in which I show how climate observations performed during the eighteenth century by a sample of Norway's clergymen and civil servants bear testimony to an internationally-oriented science, through articles produced for science journals and conventions followed for data presentation and instrumentation. The findings corroborate existing knowledge of a progress-driven, Enlightenment science in Nordic countries; reveal differences between countries, and present Norway's early-modern climate science in an international light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Moira Ryan
- Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Sonans Privatgymnas, Trondheim, Norway
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Nikkilä R, Peltomaa M, Carpén T, Martinsen JI, Heikkinen S, Selander J, Mehlum IS, Torfadottir JE, Mäkitie A, Pukkala E. Cancer incidence among visual artists: 45 years of follow-up in four Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1265-1272. [PMID: 37796162 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2263150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional visual artists constitute a heterogeneous vocational group, including, but not limited to painters, photographers, textile artists, and sculptors who may face exposure to workplace hazardous substances and lifestyle factors that may contribute to the development of selected cancers. The objective of this registry-based cohort study was to assess the cancer incidence among Nordic visual artists. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is based on data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) project that combines census data of 15 million people from all Nordic countries and cancer registries from 1961 to 2005. For the present study we selected a cohort of visual artists from Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analyses were conducted with the cancer incidence rates for the entire national study populations used as reference rates. RESULTS In male visual artists, there were statistically significant excesses in cancers of the tongue (SIR 2.91, 95% confidence interval 1.74-4.55), oral cavity (2.09, 1.26-3.27), pharynx (2.18, 1.45--3.15), testis (1.91, 1.11-3.05), renal pelvis (2.48, 1.42-4.03) and bladder (1.33, 1.14-1.55). The risk was significantly decreased for cancers of the lip (0.45, 0.18-0.93) and stomach (0.65, 0.50-0.84). In female visual artists, the only significantly increased risk was observed for breast cancer (1.29, 1.13-1.48) and the only significantly decreased risk for stomach cancer (0.43, 0.17-0.88). The incidence of lung cancer was close to the population average in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The non-elevated incidence of lung cancer suggests a similar prevalence of smoking between visual artists and the general population, while the elevated risk of cancers of mouth and pharynx among male visual artists is suggestive of more widespread alcohol drinking. The excess risk of urogenital cancers might be associated with exposure to solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Nikkilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miikka Peltomaa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Carpén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine - IMM, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jóhanna Eyrún Torfadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Morville AL, Jones J, Avrech Bar M, Clouston T, Dür M, Ilper N, Röschel A, Whitcombe S, Kaae Kristensen H. A scoping review on occupational science research in European contexts. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:908-923. [PMID: 36368300 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2143421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A survey showed European occupational scientists cover a broad range in occupational science (OS) research, however, no contemporary overviews of European OS research exists, and current research may provide valuable information for OS and occupational therapy. AIM The aim was to provide an overview of contemporary European OS research. MATERIALS AND METHOD A scoping review was performed, including studies conducted in Europe and published in the British Journal of Occupational Therapy (BJOT), the Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy (SJOT) or the Journal of Occupational Science (JOS) between 2015 and 2020. The journals were systematically searched, and quality assessment and thematic analysis were undertaken. RESULTS Findings from 93 articles identified many studies from the Nordic countries. Most studies applied qualitative research methods. Theoretical concepts from OS were used in data generating and discussions. A wide range of demographics, and living conditions were explored. Recent articles took a reflexive stance on the positionality of the researcher/s. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the diversity of OS research, suggesting a solid theoretical knowledge base within European OS research. SIGNIFICANCE The results contribute to further development and maturation of the discipline of OS in Europe and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Le Morville
- Department of Rehabilitation, A.D.U.L.T. Research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Janice Jones
- School of Allied Health and Community Health, Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Michal Avrech Bar
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Teena Clouston
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nicole Ilper
- Vocational College for Social and Healthcare, Alice-Salomon College, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Röschel
- Department of Health Sciences, Bachelor Programme Occupational Therapy, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Steve Whitcombe
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hanne Kaae Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Health Sciences Research Centre, Centre for Innovative Medical Technology (cimt.dk), UCL University College, Vejle, Denmark
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Holmberg D, Santoni G, von Euler-Chelpin M, Färkkilä M, Kauppila JH, Maret-Ouda J, Ness-Jensen E, Lagergren J. Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in three Nordic countries: population based cohort study. BMJ 2023; 382:e076017. [PMID: 37704252 PMCID: PMC10496574 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma among patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease compared with the general population. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING All patients in hospital and specialised outpatient healthcare in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2019. PARTICIPANTS 486 556 adults (>18 years) who underwent endoscopy were eligible for inclusion: 285 811 patients were included in the non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort and 200 745 patients in the validation cohort with erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. EXPOSURES Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was defined by an absence of oesophagitis and any other oesophageal diagnosis at endoscopy. Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was examined for comparison reasons and was defined by the presence of oesophagitis at endoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma was assessed for up to 31 years of follow-up. Standardised incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by dividing the observed number of oesophageal adenocarcinomas in each of the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohorts by the expected number, derived from the general populations in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden of the corresponding age, sex, and calendar period. RESULTS Among 285 811 patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 228 developed oesophageal adenocarcinomas during 2 081 051 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was 11.0/100 000 person-years. The incidence was similar to that of the general population (standardised incidence ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.18)), and did not increase with longer follow-up (1.07 (0.65 to 1.65) for 15-31 years of follow-up). For validity reasons, we also analysed people with erosive oesophagitis at endoscopy (200 745 patients, 1 750 249 person-years, and 542 oesophageal adenocarcinomas, corresponding to an incidence rate of 31.0/100 000 person-years) showing an increased overall standardised incidence ratio of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (2.36 (2.17 to 2.57)), which became more pronounced with longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease seem to have a similar incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma as the general population. This finding suggests that endoscopically confirmed non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease does not require additional endoscopic monitoring for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giola Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Martti Färkkilä
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John Maret-Ouda
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim/Levanger, Norway
- Medical Department, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Takala S, Lassen K, Søreide K, Sparrelid E, Angelsen JH, Bringeland EA, Eilard MS, Hemmingsson O, Isaksson B, Karjula H, Lammi JP, Larsen PN, Lavonius M, Lindell G, Mortensen FV, Mortensen K, Nordin A, Pless T, Sandström P, Sandvik O, Vaalavuo Y, Villard C, Sallinen V. Practice patterns in diagnostics, staging, and management strategies of gallbladder cancer among Nordic tertiary centers. Scand J Surg 2023; 112:147-156. [PMID: 37377127 DOI: 10.1177/14574969231181228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy in the Nordic countries and no common Nordic treatment guidelines exist. This study aimed to characterize the current diagnostic and treatment strategies in the Nordic countries and disclose differences in these strategies. METHODS This was a survey study with a cross-sectional questionnaire of all 19 university hospitals providing curative-intent surgery for GBC in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. RESULTS In all Nordic countries except Sweden, neoadjuvant/downstaging chemotherapy was used in GBC patients. In T1b and T2, majority of the centers (15-18/19) performed extended cholecystectomy. In T3, majority of the centers (13/19) performed cholecystectomy with resection of segments 4b and 5. In T4, majority of the centers (12-14/19) chose palliative/oncological care. The centers in Sweden extended lymphadenectomy beyond the hepatoduodenal ligament, whereas all other Nordic centers usually limited lymphadenectomy to the hepatoduodenal ligament. All Nordic centers except those in Norway used adjuvant chemotherapy routinely for GBC. There were no major differences between the Nordic centers in diagnostics and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The surgical and oncological treatment strategies of GBC vary considerably between the Nordic centers and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Takala
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristoffer Lassen
- Department of HPB Surgery, University Hospital of Oslo at Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- HPB Unit, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon-Helge Angelsen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Bringeland
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Malin S Eilard
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Transplantation Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hemmingsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heikki Karjula
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Peter N Larsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maija Lavonius
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gert Lindell
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Kim Mortensen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arno Nordin
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torsten Pless
- Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oddvar Sandvik
- HPB Unit, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Yrjö Vaalavuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christina Villard
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ville Sallinen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery Transplantation and Liver Surgery University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Haartmaninkatu 4 Helsinki 00029 Finland
- Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Sarkeala T, Lamminmäki M, Nygård M, Njor SH, Virtanen A, Leivonen A, Hirvonen E, Toikkanen S, Campbell S, Stefansdóttir H, Ursin G, Heinävaara S. Cervical, liver and stomach cancer incidence and mortality in non-Western immigrant women: a retrospective cohort study from four Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:977-987. [PMID: 37594889 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2245557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical, liver and stomach cancers are the most common infection-associated malignancies and the leading cause of morbidity in non-Western regions. We compared the incidence and mortality of these cancers between non-Western immigrant and non-immigrant Nordic female populations. We also analysed the effect of age at immigration, duration of residence and education on cancer burden. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study population consisted of women residents in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway in 1973-2020. Non-Western women contributed 3.1% of the total 260 million person-years at risk. All women were followed from their 20th birthday, or from the date of immigration if after, until the date of their first primary cancer diagnosis, death, emigration, or the end of the country-specific study period. All data were adjusted for 10-year age groups and calendar periods, and immigrant data was further broken down by region of birth, age at immigration and education level. Country-specific estimates were produced by multivariable Poisson regression and pooled in Finland with a random effects model. RESULTS Altogether, there were 60 982 cases of cervical, liver and stomach cancer in the study population, causing 36 582 deaths. The immigrant women had significantly higher liver (rate ratio [RR] 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3.06) and stomach cancer incidence (RR 1.68, CI 1.29-2.18), and stomach cancer mortality (RR 1.49, CI 1.17-1.92) than non-immigrant women. In the immigrant population, high education was related to lower incidence and mortality of studied cancers. The rate ratio of cervical cancer decreased with duration of residence and increased with rising age at immigration. CONCLUSION Due to the increased incidence and mortality of infection-related cancers and changes in cancer patterns by age at immigration and duration of residence, attention should be paid to targeted health care services for immigrants. Special efforts should be given to women who have spent their youth in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mari Nygård
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sisse Helle Njor
- University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anni Virtanen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aku Leivonen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Data and Analytics Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sirpa Heinävaara
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sterlingova T, Nylander E, Almqvist L, Møller Christensen B. Factors affecting women's participation in mammography screening in Nordic countries: A systematic review. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:878-885. [PMID: 37421878 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mammography screening programs have been implemented in European countries as prevention tools aimed at reducing breast cancer mortality through early detection in asymptomatic women. Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland) demonstrated high participation rates; however, breast cancer mortality could be limited by further optimizing screening. This review aimed to explore factors that affect women's participation in mammography screening in Nordic countries. METHOD A systematic review of segregated mixed research synthesis using a deductive approach was conducted. The following databases and platforms were searched to identify relevant studies: CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOHost), MEDLINE (EBSCOHost), PsycInfo (ProQuest), Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science Core Collection (SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, and ESCI). The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used for quality assessment. The Health Promotion Model was applied to integrate findings from qualitative and qualitative research. All methodological steps followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS The final selection (16 articles) included studies from three Nordic countries: Denmark (four quantitative studies), Norway (one qualitative and four quantitative studies), and Sweden (three qualitative and seven quantitative studies). Sixty-three factors were identified as barriers, facilitators, or factors with no influence. CONCLUSION A substantial number of obtained factors, spread across a wide spectrum, describe (non-)participation in mammography screening as a versatile phenomenon. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings of this review could benefit the mammography staff and providers regarding possible interventions aimed at improving screening participation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sterlingova
- Research School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - E Nylander
- Jönköping University Library, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - L Almqvist
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, P.O. Box 883, 721 23 Västerås, Sweden
| | - B Møller Christensen
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
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Andersson NW, Thiesson EM, Baum U, Pihlström N, Starrfelt J, Faksová K, Poukka E, Lund LC, Hansen CH, Aakjær M, Kjær J, Cohet C, Goossens M, Andersen M, Hallas J, Meijerink H, Ljung R, Hviid A. Comparative effectiveness of heterologous third dose vaccine schedules against severe covid-19 during omicron predominance in Nordic countries: population based cohort analyses. BMJ 2023; 382:e074325. [PMID: 37487623 PMCID: PMC10360027 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the comparative vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules (ie, three vaccine doses) compared with primary schedules (two vaccine doses) and with homologous mRNA vaccine booster schedules (three vaccine doses) during a period of omicron predominance. DESIGN Population based cohort analyses. SETTING Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 27 December 2020 to 31 December 2022. PARTICIPANTS All adults aged ≥18 years who had received at least a primary vaccination schedule of AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) or monovalent SARS-CoV-2 wild type (ancestral) strain based mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), in any combination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was country combined risks of covid-19 related hospital admission and death with covid-19 and additional outcomes of covid-19 related admission to an intensive care unit and SARS-CoV-2 infection. During a period of omicron predominance, these outcomes were compared in those who received a heterologous booster versus primary schedule (matched analyses) and versus those who received a homologous mRNA vaccine booster (weighted analyses). Follow-up was for 75 days from day 14 after the booster dose; comparative vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1-risk ratio. RESULTS Across the four Nordic countries, 1 086 418 participants had received a heterologous booster schedule of AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and 2 505 093 had received a heterologous booster schedule of BNT162b2+mRNA-1273. Compared with the primary schedule only (two doses), the vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules comprising AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2+mRNA-1273 was 82.7% (95% confidence interval 77.1% to 88.2%) and 81.5% (78.9% to 84.2%) for covid-19 related hospital admission and 95.9% (91.6% to 100.0%) and 87.5% (82.5% to 92.6%) for death with covid-19, respectively. Homologous mRNA booster schedules were similarly associated with increased protection against covid-19 related hospital admission (≥76.5%) and death with covid-19 (≥84.1%) compared with previous primary course vaccination only. When a heterologous booster schedule was compared with the homologous booster schedule, vaccine effectiveness was 27.2% (3.7% to 50.6%) for AZD1222+BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and 23.3% (15.8% to 30.8%) for BNT162b2+mRNA-1273 schedules against covid-19 related hospital admission and 21.7% (-8.3% to 51.7%) and 18.4% (-15.7% to 52.5%) against death with covid-19, respectively. CONCLUSION Heterologous booster schedules are associated with increased protection against severe, omicron related covid-19 outcomes compared with primary course schedules and homologous booster schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrike Baum
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicklas Pihlström
- Division of Licensing, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jostein Starrfelt
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristýna Faksová
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eero Poukka
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Christian Lund
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Aakjær
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjær
- Data Analytics Center, Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Andersen
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hinta Meijerink
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rickard Ljung
- Division of Use and Information, Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hviid
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kindt-Larsen L, Glemarec G, Berg CW, Königson S, Kroner AM, Søgaard M, Lusseau D. Knowing the fishery to know the bycatch: bias-corrected estimates of harbour porpoise bycatch in gillnet fisheries. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222570. [PMID: 37434528 PMCID: PMC10336385 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidental captures (bycatch) remain a key global conservation threat for cetaceans. Bycatch of harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in set gillnets is routinely monitored in European Union fisheries, but generally relies on data collected at low spatio-temporal resolution or over short periods. In Denmark, a long-term monitoring programme started in 2010 using electronic monitoring to collect data on porpoise bycatch and gillnet fishing effort at a fine spatial and temporal scale, including time and position of each fishing operation, together with every associated bycatch event. We used these observations to model bycatch rates, given the operational and ecological characteristics of each haul observed in Danish waters. Data on fishing effort from the Danish and Swedish gillnet fleets were collected to predict fleet-wide porpoise bycatch in gillnets at regional level. Between 2010 and 2020, yearly total bycatch averaged 2088 animals (95% Cl: 667-6798). For the Western Baltic assessment unit, bycatch levels were above sustainability thresholds. These results demonstrate that fishing characteristics are key determinants of porpoise bycatch and that classical approaches ignoring these features would produce biased estimates. It emphasizes the need for efficient and informative monitoring methods to understand possible conservation impacts of marine mammal bycatch and to implement tailored mitigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kindt-Larsen
- DTU Aqua, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gildas Glemarec
- DTU Aqua, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper W. Berg
- DTU Aqua, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sara Königson
- SLU, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lysekill 45330, Sweden
| | - Anne-Mette Kroner
- DTU Aqua, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathias Søgaard
- DTU Aqua, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Lusseau
- DTU Aqua, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 1, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Nørskov AK, Jakobsen JC, Afshari A, Bisgaard J, Geisler A, Hägi-Pedersen D, Lange KHW, Lundstrøm LH, Lunn TH, Maagaard M, Møller AM, Nedergaard HK, Nikolajsen L, Olsen MH, Juhl-Olsen P, Rasmussen BS, Vested M, Vester-Andersen M, Wikkelsø A, Mathiesen O. Collaboration for Evidence-based Practice and Research in Anaesthesia (CEPRA): A consortium initiative for perioperative research. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:804-810. [PMID: 36922719 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence in perioperative care is insufficient. There is an urgent need for large perioperative research programmes, including pragmatic randomised trials, testing daily clinical treatments and unanswered question, thereby providing solid evidence for effects of interventions given to a large and growing number of patients undergoing surgery and anaesthesia. This may be achieved through large collaborations. Collaboration for Evidence-based Practice and Research in Anaesthesia (CEPRA) is a novel collaborative research network founded to pursue evidence-based answers to major clinical questions in perioperative medicine. The aims of CEPRA are to (1) improve clinical treatment and outcomes and optimise the use of resources for patients undergoing anaesthesia and perioperative care, and (2) disseminate results and inform caretakers, patients and relatives, and policymakers of evidence-based treatments in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine. CEPRA is inclusive in its concept. We aim to extend our collaboration with all relevant clinical collaborators and patient associations and representatives. Although initiated in Denmark, CEPRA seeks to develop an international network infrastructure, for example, with other Nordic countries. The work of CEPRA will follow the highest methodological standards. The organisation aims to structure and optimise any element of the research collaboration to reduce economic costs and harness benefits from well-functioning research infrastructure. This includes successive continuation of trials, harmonisation of outcomes, and alignment of data management systems. This paper presents the initiation and visions of the CEPRA network. CEPRA aims to be inclusive, patient-focused, methodologically sound, and to optimise all aspects of research logistics. This will translate into faster research conduct, reliable results, and accelerated clinical implementation of results, thereby benefiting millions of patients whilst being cost and labour-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kehlet Nørskov
- Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arash Afshari
- Department of Paediatric and Obstetric Anaesthesia, Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannie Bisgaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja Geisler
- Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hägi-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Centre of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hyldborg Lundstrøm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Haxholdt Lunn
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Maagaard
- Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Ann Merete Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Herlev Anaesthesia Critical and Emergency Care Science Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Cochrane Anaesthesia Group and Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Korvenius Nedergaard
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Lone Nikolajsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Juhl-Olsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Anaesthesia Section, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil Steen Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Matias Vested
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Vester-Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Herlev Anaesthesia Critical and Emergency Care Science Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Wikkelsø
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Mathiesen
- Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rahnu L, Jalovaara M. Partnership dynamics and entry into parenthood: Comparison of Finnish birth cohorts 1969-2000. Adv Life Course Res 2023; 56:100548. [PMID: 38054891 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2023.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, the stability of close-to-replacement-level fertility ended in all Nordic countries, with its decline to the lowest level in Finland. It is unclear whether and how partnership dynamics have changed, and whether they play a role in fertility developments. We focus on the patterns and associations between the formation and stability of co-residential partnerships and first birth among Finnish women and men, and on whether and how these associations have changed across birth cohorts. We utilise total population register data on persons born between 1969 and 2000 in Finland, and adopt the event history method. Our results indicate that half of the women formed their first co-residential partnerships by the age of 22 years. Cohorts born in the early 1990s were the first to delay the formation of non-marital first partnerships. In contrast, first births are increasingly postponed, and the proportion of women and men, who become parents, has declined across recent cohorts. Among men, we observe higher median ages for family formation events and higher likelihoods of not forming a family. As a result of fertility decline and increase in partnership instability, for the first time, the probability of separation is higher than that of first births among partnered women born in the 1990s. Our findings show that at a behavioural level, the once close link between partnership formation and parenthood has progressively eroded across consecutive birth cohorts. Together with the ongoing tendency to delay first births, decreasing partnership stability, and first indications of delaying partnership formation, the potential of witnessing a marked increase of fertility levels in the near future is delimited. Our study's results contribute to a better understanding of the demographic mechanisms behind the decline in fertility in Finland, over the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Rahnu
- University of Turku, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research & INVEST research flagship, FI-20014, Finland; Tallinn University, Estonian Institute for Population Studies, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Marika Jalovaara
- University of Turku, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research & INVEST research flagship, FI-20014, Finland.
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Pulakka A, Risnes K, Metsälä J, Alenius S, Heikkilä K, Nilsen SM, Näsänen-Gilmore P, Haaramo P, Gissler M, Opdahl S, Kajantie E. Preterm birth and asthma and COPD in adulthood: a nationwide register study from two Nordic countries. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201763. [PMID: 36990472 PMCID: PMC10285109 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01763-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth affects lungs in several ways but few studies have follow-up until adulthood. We investigated the association of the entire spectrum of gestational ages with specialist care episodes for obstructive airway disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) at age 18-50 years. METHODS We used nationwide registry data on 706 717 people born 1987-1998 in Finland (4.8% preterm) and 1 669 528 born 1967-1999 in Norway (5.0% preterm). Care episodes of asthma and COPD were obtained from specialised healthcare registers, available in Finland for 2005-2016 and in Norway for 2008-2017. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for having a care episode with either disease outcome. RESULTS Odds of any obstructive airway disease in adulthood for those born at <28 or 28-31 completed weeks were 2-3-fold of those born full term (39-41 completed weeks), persisting after adjustments. For individuals born at 32-33, 34-36 or 37-38 weeks, the odds were 1.1- to 1.5-fold. Associations were similar in the Finnish and the Norwegian data and among people aged 18-29 and 30-50 years. For COPD at age 30-50 years, the OR was 7.44 (95% CI 3.49-15.85) for those born at <28 weeks, 3.18 (95% CI 2.23-4.54) for those born at 28-31 weeks and 2.32 (95% CI 1.72-3.12) for those born at 32-33 weeks. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infancy increased the odds further for those born at <28 and 28-31 weeks. CONCLUSION Preterm birth is a risk factor for asthma and COPD in adulthood. The high odds of COPD call for diagnostic vigilance when adults born very preterm present with respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pulakka
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Risnes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanna Metsälä
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Alenius
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Heikkilä
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Marie Nilsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Health Care Improvement, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research: Global Health Group, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peija Haaramo
- Finnish Social and Health Data Permit Authority Findata, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Storm HH, Larønningen S, Bray F. Do investments in cancer registry databases and tools bring added value? NORDCAN as an example. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:535-540. [PMID: 37276272 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2218557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1990s, the large-scale collaboration Kreftbildet i Norden (KIN) drew attention to the need for timely cancer statistics for cancer control planning in the Nordic countries. Supported by the Nordic Cancer Union (NCU), a web-based version of NORDCAN was continually developed by the Association of Nordic Cancer Registries (ANCR) from 2003, with website support and hosting by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Despite empirical evidence of its global reach, the question of whether recurrent investment in NORDCAN brings added value was raised; we sought to formally assess this. METHODS Scientific value was determined by extracting publications citing NORDCAN from PubMed. We compared the funds allocated to the KIN project and later Nordic studies on cancer predictions and survival, with those allocated to NORDCAN. RESULTS 96 publications in 43 journals were retrieved. Two publication peaks, in 2010 and in 2016 relate to Nordic cancer survival and Danish age care projects, respectively. Papers citing NORDCAN increased substantially from 4 published in 2017 to the 24 papers in 2022. The integration of survival and prediction projects into NORDCAN reduced the costs of investment to one-quarter of the those required in earlier years, in real terms. DISCUSSION User statistics and scientific output clearly points to NORDCAN bringing added value given resources expended, even with the additional costs imposed to ensure GDPR compliance. Research funding indicates that the databases and interactive tools are critical as both research and education resources. Nonetheless, a sustainable funding model is needed if NORDCAN is to continue to fulfill its utility in cancer control, health care planning and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siri Larønningen
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Freddie Bray
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Cancer Surveillance Branch, Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Dukovska-Popovska I, Kjellsdotter Ivert L, Jónsdóttir H, Carin Dreyer H, Kaipia R. The supply and demand balance of recyclable textiles in the Nordic countries. Waste Manag 2023; 159:154-162. [PMID: 36764240 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The textile industry is on its early steps towards circular economy. Being a highly resource-intensive and waste-generating industry, it is essential to embrace fiber-to-fiber recycling in addressing the increasing textile waste problem. Several innovative initiatives are happening within this area, not least in the Nordic countries, where automated sorting and fiber-to-fiber recycling technologies and capacities are developing. These large investments require economy of scale; however, this is challenged by the fractioned supply due to the specific fiber requirements of the recycling facilities. To ensure economy of scale and support strategic planning, it is important to investigate the balance of the demand of those capacities with the supply of recyclables generated in the region. Local and regional perspectives are needed in order to avoid unnecessary transportation of low value materials. Based on a synthetises of existing textile flow studies and interviews with relevant actors in four Nordic countries, this study investigates the balance between the supply of recyclable textiles and the sorting and recycling capacity. This is accomplished by estimating the volumes of recyclables and their fiber composition (based on developed weighting average method) and comparing these with the current and upcoming capacities in each country and in the Nordics as a whole. The findings indicate that the upcoming automatic sorting and recycling capacity will be sufficient to deal with the total recyclable fraction in the Nordic region, except for some of the synthetic fibers. However, there are imbalances between supply and demand within individual countries, highlighting opportunities for collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidi Carin Dreyer
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Riikka Kaipia
- Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University School of Science, and School of Economics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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Depren Ö, Kartal MT, Ayhan F, Kılıç Depren S. Heterogeneous impact of environmental taxes on environmental quality: Tax domain based evidence from the nordic countries by nonparametric quantile approaches. J Environ Manage 2023; 329:117031. [PMID: 36528942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the heterogeneous causality and impact of environmental taxes at both aggregated and disaggregated levels on environmental quality. In this context, the study focuses on Nordic countries as green economies; handles carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as an environmental quality indicator; includes aggregated and disaggregated levels of environmental taxes as explanatory variables; uses quarterly data for the period 1994/Q1-2020/Q4 as the most recent available data; applies novel nonparametric Granger causality-in-quantiles (GCQ) and quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) approaches as the main models while using quantile regression (QR) for robustness check. The results present that (i) causal impacts of environmental taxes on CO2 emissions exist in most quantiles at disaggregated levels excluding some lower, middle, and higher quantiles, whereas indicator-, country-, and quantile-based results vary; (ii) environmental tax on energy (ETE) has a mainly decreasing impact in Iceland, a mixed impact in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden based on quantiles; (iii) environmental tax on pollution (ETP) has the highest decreasing impact in most quantiles in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway; (iv) environmental tax in transport (ETT) has a decreasing impact in Norway and Sweden, whereas it has a reverse impact in Denmark, Finland, and Iceland; (v) impact of total environmental tax (TET) has a decreasing impact in Denmark and Norway at some quantiles, whereas an increasing impact in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden; (vi) the robustness of the QQR results are confirmed by the QR approach. Hence, the results underline the importance of country and quantile-based disaggregated analyses and Nordic countries should re-adjust environmental taxes to increase environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özer Depren
- Yapı Kredi Bank Customer Experience Research Lab., İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Tevfik Kartal
- Borsa İstanbul Strategic Planning, Financial Reporting, and Investor Relations Directorate, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Ayhan
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Balıkesir, Turkey.
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Næss JS, Hu X, Gvein MH, Iordan CM, Cavalett O, Dorber M, Giroux B, Cherubini F. Climate change mitigation potentials of biofuels produced from perennial crops and natural regrowth on abandoned and degraded cropland in Nordic countries. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116474. [PMID: 36274301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy expansion is present in most climate change mitigation scenarios. The associated large land use changes have led to concerns on how bioenergy can be sustainably deployed. Promising win-win strategies include the production of perennial bioenergy crops on recently abandoned cropland or on cropland prone to land degradation, as perennial crops typically reduce soil erosion rates. Natural vegetation regrowth is an alternative nature-based solution that can also co-deliver negative emissions and other environmental benefits. In this study, we explore the potential to deploy bioenergy crops in Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark) on abandoned cropland and on cropland threatened by soil erosion and compare the achievable climate change mitigation benefits with natural regrowth. We found 186 thousand hectares (kha) of abandoned cropland and 995 kha of cropland threatened by soil erosion suitable for bioenergy crop cultivation. The primary bioenergy potential in the region is 151 PJ (PJ) per year, corresponding to 67-110 PJ per year of liquid biofuels depending on biorefinery technology. This has a climate change mitigation potential from -6.0 to -17 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MtCO2eq) per year over the first 20 years (equivalent to 14-40% of annual road transport emissions), with high-end estimates relying on bioenergy coupled to carbon capture and storage (BECCS). On the same area, natural regrowth can deliver negative emissions of -10 MtCO2eq per year. Biofuel production outperforms natural regrowth on 46% of abandoned cropland with currently available biorefinery technologies, 83% with improved energy conversion efficiency, and nearly everywhere with BECCS. For willow windbreaks, improved biorefinery technology or BECCS is necessary to ensure the delivery of larger negative emissions than natural regrowth. Biofuel production is preferable to natural regrowth on 16% of croplands threatened by soil erosion with the current biorefinery technology and on 87% of the land area with BECCS. Without BECCS, liquid biofuels achieve larger climate benefits than natural regrowth only when bioenergy yields are high. Underutilized land and land affected by degradation processes are an opportunity for a gradual and more sustainable bioenergy deployment, and local considerations are needed to identify case-specific solutions that can co-deliver multiple environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sandstad Næss
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Xiangping Hu
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maren Haug Gvein
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristina-Maria Iordan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Otavio Cavalett
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Dorber
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Baptiste Giroux
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Francesco Cherubini
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Høgskoleringen 1, 7011, Trondheim, Norway
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Larsson M, Foley B. The king's spice cabinet-Plant remains from Gribshunden, a 15th century royal shipwreck in the Baltic Sea. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281010. [PMID: 36701280 PMCID: PMC9879437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maritime archaeological investigations of the wreck of the medieval warship Gribshunden (1495), flagship of King Hans of Denmark and Norway, have revealed diverse artifacts including exotic spices imported from far distant origins: saffron, ginger, clove, peppercorns, and almond. The special circumstances of the vessel's last voyage add unique context to the assemblage. Gribshunden and an accompanying squadron conveyed the king, courtiers, noblemen, and soldiers from Copenhagen to a political summit in Kalmar, Sweden. At that conference, Hans expected the Swedish Council to elect him king of Sweden, and thereby fulfill his ambition to reunify the Nordic region under a single crown. To achieve this, Hans assembled in his fleet and particularly aboard his flagship the people and elite cultural signifiers that would convince the Swedish delegation to accept his rule. Along the way, the ships anchored near Ronneby, Blekinge. Written sources record that an explosion and fire caused Gribshunden to sink off Stora Ekön (Great Oak Island). Exotic spices were status markers among the aristocracy in Scandinavia and around the Baltic Sea during the Middle Ages (1050-1550 CE). Until the Gribshunden finds, these extravagances have rarely or never been represented archaeologically. Evidence of their use and consumption in medieval Scandinavia has been limited to sparse written references. We present here the botanical remains from the Gribshunden shipwreck and compare them to previous archaeobotanical finds from the medieval Baltic region. These opulent status symbols traveled with a medieval king en route to a major historical event. The combination of textual and archaeological evidence allows a novel analytical view of the social environment in which these luxurious foods were consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Larsson
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Brendan Foley
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Blekinge County Museum, Karlskrona, Sweden
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Kourantidou M, Verbrugge LNH, Haubrock PJ, Cuthbert RN, Angulo E, Ahonen I, Cleary M, Falk-Andersson J, Granhag L, Gíslason S, Kaiser B, Kosenius AK, Lange H, Lehtiniemi M, Magnussen K, Navrud S, Nummi P, Oficialdegui FJ, Ramula S, Ryttäri T, von Schmalensee M, Stefansson RA, Diagne C, Courchamp F. The economic costs, management and regulation of biological invasions in the Nordic countries. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116374. [PMID: 36352726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A collective understanding of economic impacts and in particular of monetary costs of biological invasions is lacking for the Nordic region. This paper synthesizes findings from the literature on costs of invasions in the Nordic countries together with expert elicitation. The analysis of cost data has been made possible through the InvaCost database, a globally open repository of monetary costs that allows for the use of temporal, spatial, and taxonomic descriptors facilitating a better understanding of how costs are distributed. The total reported costs of invasive species across the Nordic countries were estimated at $8.35 billion (in 2017 US$ values) with damage costs significantly outweighing management costs. Norway incurred the highest costs ($3.23 billion), followed by Denmark ($2.20 billion), Sweden ($1.45 billion), Finland ($1.11 billion) and Iceland ($25.45 million). Costs from invasions in the Nordics appear to be largely underestimated. We conclude by highlighting such knowledge gaps, including gaps in policies and regulation stemming from expert judgment as well as avenues for an improved understanding of invasion costs and needs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Kourantidou
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, Esbjerg Ø, Denmark; Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Athens, Greece.
| | - Laura N H Verbrugge
- Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, Water & Development Research Group, Aalto, Finland; University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Gelnhausen, Germany; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland
| | - Elena Angulo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France; Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Inkeri Ahonen
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Granhag
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sindri Gíslason
- Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Suðurnesjabær, Iceland
| | - Brooks Kaiser
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, Esbjerg Ø, Denmark
| | - Anna-Kaisa Kosenius
- University of Helsinki, Department of Economics and Management, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Lange
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ståle Navrud
- School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Petri Nummi
- University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Satu Ramula
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Diagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
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Letrud K. [Christmas article: If you play with fire, you'll wet the bed - a Google Trends search]. Ugeskr Laeger 2022; 184:V80111. [PMID: 36510803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to fire has long been believed to cause bedwetting. If there is such a correlation, it should be discernible as spikes in search interest for bedwetting the day after national bonfire nights. METHODS I performed searches in Google Trends for bedwetting-relatedGoogle searches. RESULTS I included data from Ireland, Portugal, Scandinavia, South Holland, Spain, and the UK, spanning 2004-2019. Search interest in bedwetting did not increase the day after bonfire nights. CONCLUSION Fire is unlikely to cause bedwetting. FUNDING none. TRIAL REGISTRATION none.
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Vie KJ. Empowering the Research Community to Investigate Misconduct and Promote Research Integrity and Ethics: New Regulation in Scandinavia. Sci Eng Ethics 2022; 28:59. [PMID: 36396797 PMCID: PMC9671971 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-022-00400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Researchers sometimes engage in various forms of dishonesty and unethical behavior, which has led to regulatory efforts to ensure that they work according to acceptable standards. Such regulation is a difficult task, as research is a diverse and dynamic endeavor. Researchers can disagree about what counts as good and acceptable standards, and these standards are constantly developing. This paper presents and discusses recent changes in research integrity and ethics regulation in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Recognizing that research norms are developed through practice and are therefore unsuited for comprehensive national regulation, the Scandinavian countries focus on empowering the research community to regulate itself instead, except for the most severe cases of misconduct. This empowerment takes the form of giving research institutions tools and investigatory powers while also holding them responsible for ensuring that both the institution and individual researchers are up to date on relevant norms. In this way, the Scandinavian governments seek to avoid some of the challenges found in more legalistic approaches, which risk lagging behind the continuous development of research norms and can be insensitive to the fact that different disciplines have different norms. While the new approach in Scandinavian has several potential benefits, it also involves potential trade-offs and limitations. The new laws can create confusion about what researchers are allowed to do. Another issue is that it only addresses the fundamental drivers of misconduct to a limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Jørgen Vie
- TIK Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 77B, 3. Et., 0855, Oslo, Norway.
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48
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Bozkaya Ş, Onifade ST, Duran MS, Kaya MG. Does environmentally friendly energy consumption spur economic progress: empirical evidence from the Nordic countries? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:82600-82610. [PMID: 36215009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exploring energy use-growth nexus can proffer valuable clues to policymakers and stakeholders on both economic and environmental sustainability targets. Unlike extant studies, this study focuses on the effects of renewable energy consumption on the economic progress of the Nordic countries including Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. The empirical analysis encompasses two distinctive renewable energy consumption indicators while accounting for influential factors like research and development (R&D) expenditures, and both human and physical capital components within the traditional growth model framework. The DCCE estimator was deployed for the empirical analysis covering the available sample data between 1995 and 2020. From the results, the estimated impact of renewable energy consumption on economic progress varies according to its measurement vis-à-vis the utilized indicator 1 (renewable as % of total energy use) and indicator 2 (distinctive renewable power sources and biofuels). In the case of the former indicator, the impacts were insignificant while a positive significant impact on growth was seen across all model evaluations using both the GDP and per capita income levels of the Nordic countries in the latter indicator. Furthermore, both R&D expenditures and human capital component are essential significant long-run drivers of both economic growth and income levels in the bloc while physical capital formation produced contrary evidence on economic progress in the bloc. As such, policy implications and recommendations to enhance economic progress were suggested in the main text for the Nordic countries in view of renewable energy development and the bloc's environmental sustainability drive. Notably, strategic policy implementation should be geared towards encouraging more R&D expenditures, especially in renewable energy developments to facilitate economic growth and income levels while further positioning the Nordic bloc on environmental sustainability path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Bozkaya
- Institute of Social Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Stephen Taiwo Onifade
- Department of International Trade and Logistics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Sami Duran
- Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Yuan Q, Rowden G, Wolf TM, Schwabenlander MD, Larsen PA, Bartelt-Hunt SL, Bartz JC. Sensitive detection of chronic wasting disease prions recovered from environmentally relevant surfaces. Environ Int 2022; 166:107347. [PMID: 35753198 PMCID: PMC9749837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been identified in 30 states in the United States, four provinces in Canada, and recently emerged in Scandinavia. The association of CWD prions with environmental materials such as soil, plants, and surfaces may enhance the persistence of CWD prion infectivity in the environment exacerbating disease transmission. Identifying and quantifying CWD prions in the environment is significant for prion monitoring and disease transmission control. A systematic method for CWD prion quantification from associated environmental materials, however, does not exist. In this study, we developed an innovative method for extracting prions from swabs and recovering CWD prions swabbed from different types of surfaces including glass, stainless steel, and wood. We found that samples dried on swabs were unfavorable for prion extraction, with the greatest prion recovery from wet swabs. Using this swabbing technique, the recovery of CWD prions dried to glass or stainless steel was approximately 30% in most cases, whereas that from wood was undetectable by conventional prion immunodetection techniques. Real-time quake-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) analysis of these same samples resulted in an increase of the detection limit of CWD prions from stainless steel by 4 orders of magnitude. More importantly, the RT-QuIC detection of CWD prions recovered from stainless steel surfaces using this method was similar to the original CWD prion load applied to the surface. This combined surface swabbing and RT-QuIC detection method provides an ultrasensitive means for prion detection across many settings and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, United States of America
| | - Gage Rowden
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States of America
| | - Tiffany M Wolf
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States of America
| | - Marc D Schwabenlander
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States of America
| | - Peter A Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States of America
| | - Shannon L Bartelt-Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Peter Kiewit Institute, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182, United States of America
| | - Jason C Bartz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, United States of America.
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50
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Jones AW. How Nordic Countries Enforce Impaired Driving Legislation. Forensic Sci Rev 2022; 34:131-143. [PMID: 35932486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews how the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden enforce their legislation pertaining to driving under the influence of alcohol and/or other impairing drugs. The evidence necessary for a successful prosecution of traffic offenders has undergone radical changes over the past 50 years. The once widely used clinical tests of impairment are no longer a major element of the prosecution case and a physician is more seldom required to examine apprehended drivers and document any clinical signs and symptoms of alcohol and/or drug influence. These clinical tests have been superseded by results derived from a comprehensive toxicological analysis of psychoactive substances in samples of the driver's blood. The current statutory limits of blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) are among the lowest in the world: Norway and Sweden (0.20 g/kg) and Denmark and Finland (0.50 g/kg). Results from using evidential quality breath-alcohol instruments are accepted as evidence in drunk-driving cases and this has necessitated setting statutory breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC) limits. Laws dealing with driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) other than alcohol have also been updated and made more pragmatic for prosecution of traffic offenders. In Finland and Sweden zero-tolerance laws exist, making it illegal to drive with any quantifiable amount of a scheduled drug in the driver's blood. Prescription drugs are exempt from this zero-tolerance mandate provided the medication was used in accordance with a physician's ordination. Lacking a valid prescription or if there is a supratherapeutic concentration of the drug in blood, this will lead to a prosecution for DUID. In Denmark and Norway threshold concentration limits have been established for many psychoactive drugs, both licit and illicit. After these stricter laws for DUID were introduced, the number of suspects apprehended by the police per year increased by as much as tenfold in some Nordic countries. There is increasing evidence that many traffic delinquents in the Nordic countries suffer from a substance-use disorder, because repeat-offending is a common occurrence. This suggests that some type of treatment and rehabilitation program might be more beneficial compared with conventional penalties for people arrested for DUI and/or DUID.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Jones
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden
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