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Steiner ST, Maisuls I, Junker A, Fritz G, Faust A, Strassert CA. Concerning the photophysics of fluorophores towards tailored bioimaging compounds: a case study involving S100A9 inflammation markers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2093-2104. [PMID: 37303026 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A full understanding concerning the photophysical properties of a fluorescent label is crucial for a reliable and predictable performance in biolabelling applications. This holds true not only for the choice of a fluorophore in general, but also for the correct interpretation of data, considering the complexity of biological environments. In the frame of a case study involving inflammation imaging, we report the photophysical characterization of four fluorescent S100A9-targeting compounds in terms of UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) and excited state lifetimes (τ) as well as the evaluation of the radiative and non-radiative rate constants (kr and knr, respectively). The probes were synthesized based on a 2-amino benzimidazole-based lead structure in combination with commercially available dyes, covering a broad color range from green (6-FAM) over orange (BODIPY-TMR) to red (BODIPY-TR) and near-infrared (Cy5.5) emission. The effect of conjugation with the targeting structure was addressed by comparison of the probes with their corresponding dye-azide precursors. Additionally, the 6-FAM and Cy5.5 probes were measured in the presence of murine S100A9 to determine whether protein binding influences their photophysical properties. An interesting rise in ΦF upon binding of 6-FAM-SST177 to murine S100A9 enabled the determination of its dissociation equilibrium constant, reaching up to KD = 324 nM. This result gives an outlook for potential applications of our compounds in S100A9 inflammation imaging and fluorescence assay developments. With respect to the other dyes, this study demonstrates how diverse microenvironmental factors can severely impair their performance while rendering them poor performers in biological media, showing that a preliminary photophysical screening is key to assess the suitability of a particular luminophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Steiner
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Fritz
- Cellular Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Chen Y, Ouyang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Ma J. S100A8 and S100A9 in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188891. [PMID: 37001615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are Ca2+ binding proteins that belong to the S100 family. Primarily expressed in neutrophils and monocytes, S100A8 and S100A9 play critical roles in modulating various inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases. Forming a common heterodimer structure S100A8/A9, S100A8 and S100A9 are widely reported to participate in multiple signaling pathways in tumor cells. Meanwhile, S100A8/A9, S100A8, and S100A9, mainly as promoters, contribute to tumor development, growth and metastasis by interfering with tumor metabolism and the microenvironment. In recent years, the potential of S100A8/A9, S100A9, and S100A8 as tumor diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers has also been demonstrated. In addition, an increasing number of potential therapies targeting S100A8/A9 and related signaling pathways have emerged. In this review, we will first expound on the characteristics of S100A8/A9, S100A9, and S100A8 in-depth, focus on their interactions with tumor cells and microenvironments, and then discuss their clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We also highlight current limitations and look into the future of S100A8/A9 targeted anti-cancer therapy.
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Feng H, Zhuo Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Y, Duan X, Shi J, Xu C, Gao Y, Yu Z. Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Key Players for Immunotherapy. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1109-1125. [PMID: 36320666 PMCID: PMC9618253 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s381764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a serious medical therapeutic challenge as conventional curative avenues such as surgery and chemotherapy only benefit for few patients with limited tumor burden. Immunotherapy achieves clinical progress in the treatment of this prevalent malignant disease by virtue of the development of tumor immunology; however, most patients have experienced minimal or no clinical benefit in terms of overall survival. The complexity and diversity of tumor microenvironment (TME) built by immune and stromal cell subsets has been considered to be responsible for the insufficiency of immunotherapy. The advance of bioanalytical technology boosts the exploration of the composition and differentiation of these infiltrated cells, which reflect the immune state of the TME and impact the efficacy of the antitumor immune response. Targeting these cells to remodel the TME is one of the important immunotherapeutic approaches to improve HCC treatment. In this review, we focused on the role of these non-cancerous cells in the tumor progression, and elaborated their function on cancer immunotherapy when manipulating them as potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Feng
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zhuo
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjuan Duan
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Shi
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Xu
- Department of Informatics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yueqiu Gao, Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 20256507, Fax +86 21 20256699, Email
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Zhuo Yu, Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 20256507, Fax +86 21 20256699, Email
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Joshi S, Sharabi A. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells to enhance natural killer cell-based immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Immunosuppressive cells in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:61. [PMID: 35585567 PMCID: PMC9118588 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies like the adoptive transfer of gene-engineered T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapeutic modalities for advanced cancers. However, some patients are refractory or resistant to these therapies, and the mechanisms underlying tumor immune resistance have not been fully elucidated. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-associated dendritic cells are critical factors correlated with immune resistance. In addition, cytokines and factors secreted by tumor cells or these immunosuppressive cells also mediate the tumor progression and immune escape of cancers. Thus, targeting these immunosuppressive cells and the related signals is the promising therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and reverse the immune resistance. However, even with certain success in preclinical studies or in some specific types of cancer, large perspectives are unknown for these immunosuppressive cells, and the related therapies have undesirable outcomes for clinical patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the phenotype, function, and potential therapeutic targets of these immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Brown ZJ, Hewitt DB, Pawlik TM. Experimental drug treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical trial failures 2015 to 2021. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:693-706. [PMID: 35580650 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2079491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide with limited systemic therapy options. Since the approval of sorafenib in 2008, no systemic therapy has provided a sustained/robust/survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC until recently. Many initially promising therapies have been trialed, but survival outcomes remained stagnant. As such, knowledge concerning previous treatment failures may help guide further areas of study, as well inform future therapeutic approaches. AREA COVERED This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of HCC. Despite some recent success, many systemic and locoregional therapies have failed to produce significant improvements in outcome. These treatment failures are examined and insight into pathways for future success are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Combination atezolizumab and bevacizumab has changed the landscape of systemic treatment for patients with HCC when it became the first therapy after demonstrating improve outcomes over sorafenib. Clinical trials in patients with advanced HCC have inherent difficulty with challenges to determine if a patient's declining liver function is secondary to disease progression, worsening cirrhosis, or drug toxicity, which may skew results. As we gain more knowledge of underlying genetic alterations behind the pathophysiology of the development of HCC, molecular markers may be identified to assist in predicting which patients would respond to a specific therapy.
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Li K, Shi H, Zhang B, Ou X, Ma Q, Chen Y, Shu P, Li D, Wang Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:362. [PMID: 34620838 PMCID: PMC8497485 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during tumor progression. These cells not only support immune escape directly but also promote tumor invasion via various non-immunological activities. Besides, this group of cells are proved to impair the efficiency of current antitumor strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, MDSCs are considered as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Treatment strategies targeting MDSCs have shown promising outcomes in both preclinical studies and clinical trials when administrated alone, or in combination with other anticancer therapies. In this review, we shed new light on recent advances in the biological characteristics and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs. We also hope to propose an overview of current MDSCs-targeting therapies so as to provide new ideas for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Houhui Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Benxia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejin Ou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhi Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, and Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, China. .,Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Ma Q, Xu Q, Zhao J, Zhang W, Wang Q, Fang J, Lu Z, Liu J, Ma L. Coupling HDAC4 with transcriptional factor MEF2D abrogates SPRY4-mediated suppression of ERK activation and elicits hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:243-254. [PMID: 34339801 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lacks effective treatment, and the patients rapidly develop the acquired resistance to sorafenib with less defined mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) overexpression is detected in sorafenib-resistant HCC specimens and HCC cell lines and predicts poor prognosis of sorafenib-treated HCC patients. Mechanistically, MEF2D in complex with histone deacetylase HDAC4 directly binds to the SPRY4 promoter regions and suppresses the transcriptional expression of SPRY4, which is a negative regulator of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Inhibition of HDAC4 with its clinically used inhibitor induces SPRY4 expression and inhibition of ERK activity, resulting in sensitization of HCC cells to sorafenib-induced apoptosis and greatly improved inhibition of liver tumor growth in mice with sorafenib treatment. These findings highlight the critical role of coupling HDAC4 with MEF2D in activation of ERK by suppressing SPRY4 and underscore the great potential to improve HCC treatment by combined administration of sorafenib with HDAC4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Ma
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- E.A.S.C.O. European Association of Scientific Career Orientation, 42 Avenue Pasteur, 91550, Paray-Vieille Poste, France
| | - Qiang Wang
- Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Leina Ma
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, 1 Ningde Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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The S100 Protein Family as Players and Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Diseases. Pulm Med 2021; 2021:5488591. [PMID: 34239729 PMCID: PMC8214497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5488591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of over 20 members in humans that are involved in many intracellular and extracellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, energy metabolism, inflammation, tissue repair, and migration/invasion. Although there are structural similarities between each member, they are not functionally interchangeable. The S100 proteins function both as intracellular Ca2+ sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated responses of multiple members of the S100 family are observed in several diseases, including the lungs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer). To this degree, extensive research was undertaken to identify their roles in pulmonary disease pathogenesis and the identification of inhibitors for several S100 family members that have progressed to clinical trials in patients for nonpulmonary conditions. This review outlines the potential role of each S100 protein in pulmonary diseases, details the possible mechanisms observed in diseases, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment.
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Otazu GK, Dayyani M, Badie B. Role of RAGE and Its Ligands on Inflammatory Responses to Brain Tumors. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:770472. [PMID: 34975408 PMCID: PMC8716782 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common form of brain cancer, can range from relatively slow-growing low-grade to highly aggressive glioblastoma that has a median overall survival of only 15 months despite multimodal standard therapy. Although immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improved patient survival for some cancers, to date, these agents have not shown consistent efficacy against malignant gliomas. Therefore, there is a pressing need to better understand the impact of host inflammatory responses on the efficacy of emerging immunotherapy approaches for these resistant tumors. RAGE is a multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor that is activated in various inflammatory states such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, and cancer. Low levels of RAGE can be found under normal physiological conditions in neurons, immune cells, activated endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, but it is over-expressed under chronic inflammation due to the accumulation of its ligands. RAGE binds to a range of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) including AGEs, HMGB1, S100s, and DNA which mediate downstream cellular responses that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that inhibition of RAGE signaling can disrupt inflammation and cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we will review our current understanding of the role of RAGE pathway on glioma progression and how it could be exploited to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith Kyle Otazu
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mojtaba Dayyani
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Progression-Free Survival Early Assessment Is a Robust Surrogate Endpoint of Overall Survival in Immunotherapy Trials of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010090. [PMID: 33396833 PMCID: PMC7796103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiology-based outcomes, such as progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), are used as surrogate endpoints in oncology trials. We aimed to assess the surrogacy relationship of PFS with overall survival (OS) in clinical trials of systemic therapies targeting advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by novel meta-regression methods. METHODS A search of databases (PubMed, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Meeting Libraries, Clinicaltrials.gov) for trials of systemic therapies for advanced HCC reporting both OS and PFS was performed. Individual patient data were extracted from PFS and OS Kaplan-Meier curves. Summary median PFS and OS data were obtained from random-effect model. The surrogate relationships of median PFS, first quartile (Q1), third quartile (Q3), and restricted mean survival time (RMST) for OS were evaluated by the coefficient of determination R2. Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression. RESULTS We identified 49 trials, 11 assessing immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and 38 multikinase inhibitors (MKIs). Overall, the correlation between median PFS and median OS was weak (R2 = 0.20. 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]-0.02;0.42). Surrogacy robustness varied between treatment classes and PFS endpoints. In ICI trials only, the correlations between Q1-PFS and Q1-OS and between 12-month PFS-RMST and 12-month OS-RMST were high (R2 = 0.89, 95%CI 0.78-0.98, and 0.80, 95% CI 0.63-0.96, respectively). Interaction p-values obtained by meta-regression confirmed the robustness of results. CONCLUSIONS In trials of systemic therapies for advanced HCC, the surrogate relationship of PFS with OS is highly variable depending on treatment class (ICI or MKI) and evaluation time-point. In ICI trials, Q1-PFS and 12-month PFS-RMST are robust surrogate endpoints for OS.
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Boros F, Vécsei L. Progress in the development of kynurenine and quinoline-3-carboxamide-derived drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1223-1247. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1813716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Boros
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Bresnick AR. S100 proteins as therapeutic targets. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1617-1629. [PMID: 30382555 PMCID: PMC6297089 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome codes for 21 S100 protein family members, which exhibit cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Despite sharing a high degree of sequence and structural similarity, the S100 proteins bind a diverse range of protein targets and contribute to a broad array of intracellular and extracellular functions. Consequently, the S100 proteins regulate multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and/or invasion, and differentiation, and play important roles in a variety of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review focuses on the development of S100 neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and their potential therapeutic use in controlling disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Lohitesh K, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S. Resistance a major hindrance to chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an insight. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:44. [PMID: 29568237 PMCID: PMC5859782 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, accounting for almost 90% of total liver cancer burden. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant and systemic chemotherapy are the most meticulously followed treatment procedures but the complex etiology and high metastatic potential of the disease renders surgical treatment futile in majority of the cases. Another hindrance to the scenario is the acquired resistance to drugs resulting in relapse of the disease. Hence, to provide insights into development of novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers, this review focuses on the various molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in HCC. We have provided a comprehensive summary of the various strategies adopted by HCC cells, extending from apoptosis evasion, autophagy activation, drug expulsion to epigenetic transformation as modes of therapy resistance. The role of stem cells in imparting chemoresistance is also discussed. Furthermore, the review also focuses on how this knowledge might be exploited for the development of an effective, prospective therapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lohitesh
- Department of Biological-Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological-Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological-Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
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