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Desai VM, Choudhary M, Chowdhury R, Singhvi G. Photodynamic Therapy Induced Mitochondrial Targeting Strategies for Cancer Treatment: Emerging Trends and Insights. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1591-1608. [PMID: 38396330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The perpetuity of cancer prevalence at a global level calls for development of novel therapeutic approaches with improved targetability and reduced adverse effects. Conventional cancer treatments have a multitude of limitations such as nonselectivity, invasive nature, and severe adverse effects. Chemotherapy is also losing its efficacy because of the development of multidrug resistance in the majority of cancers. To address these issues, selective targeting-based approaches are being explored for an effective cancer treatment. Mitochondria, being the moderator of a majority of crucial cellular pathways like metabolism, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, are an effective targeting site. Mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has arisen as a potential approach in this endeavor. By designing photosensitizers (PSs) that preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, PDT offers a localized technique to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells. In this review, we intend to explore the crucial principles and challenges associated with mitochondria-targeted PDT, including variability in mitochondrial function, mitochondria-specific PSs, targeted nanocarrier-based monotherapy, and combination therapies. The hurdles faced by this emerging strategy with respect to safety, optimization, clinical translation, and scalability are also discussed. Nonetheless, mitochondria-targeted PDT exhibits a significant capacity in cancer treatment, especially in combination with other therapeutic modalities. With perpetual research and technological advancements, this treatment strategy is a great addition to the arsenal of cancer treatment options, providing better tumor targetability while reducing the damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This review emphasizes the current status of mitochondria-targeted PDT, limitations, and future prospects in its pursuit of safe and efficacious cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Meghraj Desai
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, India 333031
| | - Mahima Choudhary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Rajasthan, India 333031
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Rajasthan, India 333031
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, India 333031
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Ghosh S, Iyer LS, Chowdhury R, Addy PS. Nontoxic Aggregation-Induced Emissive Luminogen for the Detection of Amyloid Fibrils and Cellular Protein Aggregates. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4592-4597. [PMID: 37890087 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation resulting in amyloid formation is directly linked to various diseases. Hence, there is keen interest in developing probes for the selective detection of such misfolded aggregated proteins. In this paper, we have shown the use of a nontoxic aggregation-induced emissive luminogen (AIEgen), BIDCPV, for the selective detection of insulin amyloid fibrils and their various stages of formation. We further verified the selective response of BIDCPV toward amyloid fibrils by testing the probe against Aβ 42 peptides, which is well known to form the fibrils. Additionally, the low toxicity, efficient cellular internalization capability, and photostability make BIDCPV a unique candidate for sensing protein aggregates inside mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurajit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Lavanya Suresh Iyer
- Department of Bio Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Bio Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Addy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Hoffmann C, Rentsch J, Tsunoyama TA, Chhabra A, Aguilar Perez G, Chowdhury R, Trnka F, Korobeinikov AA, Shaib AH, Ganzella M, Giannone G, Rizzoli SO, Kusumi A, Ewers H, Milovanovic D. Synapsin condensation controls synaptic vesicle sequestering and dynamics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6730. [PMID: 37872159 PMCID: PMC10593750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal transmission relies on the regulated secretion of neurotransmitters, which are packed in synaptic vesicles (SVs). Hundreds of SVs accumulate at synaptic boutons. Despite being held together, SVs are highly mobile, so that they can be recruited to the plasma membrane for their rapid release during neuronal activity. However, how such confinement of SVs corroborates with their motility remains unclear. To bridge this gap, we employ ultrafast single-molecule tracking (SMT) in the reconstituted system of native SVs and in living neurons. SVs and synapsin 1, the most highly abundant synaptic protein, form condensates with liquid-like properties. In these condensates, synapsin 1 movement is slowed in both at short (i.e., 60-nm) and long (i.e., several hundred-nm) ranges, suggesting that the SV-synapsin 1 interaction raises the overall packing of the condensate. Furthermore, two-color SMT and super-resolution imaging in living axons demonstrate that synapsin 1 drives the accumulation of SVs in boutons. Even the short intrinsically-disordered fragment of synapsin 1 was sufficient to restore the native SV motility pattern in synapsin triple knock-out animals. Thus, synapsin 1 condensation is sufficient to guarantee reliable confinement and motility of SVs, allowing for the formation of mesoscale domains of SVs at synapses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Rentsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST); Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akshita Chhabra
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Aguilar Perez
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Germany; Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, Göttingen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Trnka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandr A Korobeinikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali H Shaib
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Germany; Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, Göttingen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gregory Giannone
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Germany; Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, Göttingen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST); Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Gautam D, Srivastava A, Chowdhury R, Laskar IR, Rao VKP, Mukherjee S. Mechanical microscopy of cancer cells: TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition corresponds to low intracellular viscosity in cancer cells. J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 154:1787-1799. [PMID: 37725520 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity is an essential parameter that regulates bio-molecular reaction rates of diffusion-driven cellular processes. Hence, abnormal viscosity levels are often associated with various diseases and malfunctions like cancer. For this reason, monitoring intracellular viscosity becomes vital. While several approaches have been developed for in vitro and in vivo measurement of viscosity, analysis of intracellular viscosity in live cells has not yet been well realized. Our research introduces a novel, natural frequency-based, non-invasive method to determine the intracellular viscosity in cells. This method can not only efficiently analyze the differences in intracellular viscosity post modulation with molecules like PEG or glucose but is sensitive enough to distinguish the difference in intra-cellular viscosity among various cancer cell lines such as Huh-7, MCF-7, and MDAMB-231. Interestingly, TGF-β a cytokine reported to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a feature associated with cancer invasiveness resulted in reduced viscosity of cancer cells, as captured through our method. To corroborate our findings with existing methods of analysis, we analyzed intra-cellular viscosity with a previously described viscosity-sensitive molecular rotor-based fluorophore-TPSII. In parity with our position sensing device (PSD)-based approach, an increase in fluorescence intensity was observed with viscosity enhancers, while, TGF-β exposure resulted in its reduction in the cells studied. This is the first study of its kind that attempts to characterize differences in intracellular viscosity using a novel, non-invasive PSD-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diplesh Gautam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Abhilasha Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Inamur R Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Venkatesh K P Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
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Erchick DJ, Hazel EA, Katz J, Lee ACC, Diaz M, Wu LSF, Yoshida S, Bahl R, Grandi C, Labrique AB, Rashid M, Ahmed S, Roy AD, Haque R, Shaikh S, Baqui AH, Saha SK, Khanam R, Rahman S, Shapiro R, Zash R, Silveira MF, Buffarini R, Kolsteren P, Lachat C, Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Zeng L, Zhu Z, He J, Qiu X, Gebreyesus SH, Tesfamariam K, Bekele D, Chan G, Baye E, Workneh F, Asante KP, Kaali EB, Adu-Afarwuah S, Dewey KG, Gyaase S, Wylie BJ, Kirkwood BR, Manu A, Thulasiraj RD, Tielsch J, Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Babu GR, Shriyan P, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Ashorn U, Mangani C, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Mullany LC, Jehan F, Ilyas M, Rogerson SJ, Unger HW, Ghosh R, Musange S, Ramokolo V, Zembe-Mkabile W, Lazzerini M, Rishard M, Wang D, Fawzi WW, Minja DTR, Schmiegelow C, Masanja H, Smith E, Lusingu JPA, Msemo OA, Kabole FM, Slim SN, Keentupthai P, Mongkolchati A, Kajubi R, Kakuru A, Waiswa P, Walker D, Hamer DH, Semrau KEA, Chaponda EB, Chico RM, Banda B, Musokotwane K, Manasyan A, Pry JM, Chasekwa B, Humphrey J, Black RE. Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000-2021. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37156239 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541 285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021. DESIGN Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis. SETTING Subnational, population-based birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000-2021. POPULATION Liveborn infants. METHODS Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], nonLBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and prevalence of newborn types by region and study. RESULTS Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missing and plausible values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW (58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW (14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%), PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-Saharan Africa (34.9%). CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E A Hazel
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A C C Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Diaz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L S F Wu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Grandi
- Argentine Society of Paediatrics, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Rashid
- IntraHealth International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Ahmed
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A D Roy
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Haque
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - S Shaikh
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - A H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Shapiro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Zash
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M F Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R Buffarini
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - P Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Huybregts
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Roberfroid
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S H Gebreyesus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Baye
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Workneh
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K P Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - E B Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - S Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - K G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - S Gyaase
- Department of Statistics, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - B J Wylie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - B R Kirkwood
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Manu
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - J Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - S Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - G R Babu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Shriyan
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Maleta
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - C Mangani
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - S Acevedo-Gallegos
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M J Rodriguez-Sibaja
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ilyas
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H W Unger
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - R Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Musange
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - V Ramokolo
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Zembe-Mkabile
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- College Graduate of Studies, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Lazzerini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Rishard
- University Obstetrics Unit, De Soysa Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - D Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - W W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - C Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Masanja
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E Smith
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - O A Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - F M Kabole
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - S N Slim
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - P Keentupthai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - A Mongkolchati
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - R Kajubi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Waiswa
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Walker
- Institute for Global Health Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K E A Semrau
- Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity & Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E B Chaponda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - R M Chico
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Banda
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - K Musokotwane
- Health Specialist PMTCT and Pediatric AIDS, UNICEF, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A Manasyan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J M Pry
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B Chasekwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Humphrey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Maravajjala KS, Khanna S, Kachwal V, Swetha KL, Manabala S, Chowdhury R, Roy A, Laskar IR. Rational Molecular Designing of Aggregation-Enhanced Emission (AEE) Active Red-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes: Effect of Lipophilicity and Nanoparticle Encapsulation on Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1445-1459. [PMID: 37010946 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Two "aggregation-enhanced emission" (AEE) active cyclometalated phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes, SM2 and SM4, were synthesized to evaluate the influence of lipophilicity on photodynamic therapy efficacy. Compared to SM2, SM4 had a higher logP due to the presence of naphthyl groups. As observed by confocal microscopy, this increased lipophilicity of SM4 significantly enhanced its cellular uptake in breast cancer cells. Both the molecules were found to be noncytotoxic under nonirradiating conditions. However, with light irradiation, SM4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity at a 500 nM dose, whereas SM2 remained noncytotoxic, signifying the influence of lipophilicity on cellular internalization and cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, light-irradiated SM4-treated cancer cells exhibited a significant increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Neutralizing ROS with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment partly abolished the cytotoxic ability, indicating ROS as one of the major effectors of cell cytotoxicity. Two nanoparticle (NP) formulations of SM4 were developed to improve the intracellular delivery: a PLGA-based NP and a Soluplus-based micelle. Interestingly, PLGA and Soluplus NP formulations exhibited a 10- and 22-fold increased emission intensity, respectively, compared to SM4. There was also an increase in the excited-state lifetime. Additionally, the Soluplus-based micelles encapsulating SM4 exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and increased cytotoxicity compared to the PLGA NPs encapsulating SM4. Altogether, the current study indicates the importance of rational molecular designing and the significance of a proper delivery vector for improving photodynamic therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Sree Maravajjala
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Simran Khanna
- Department of Biological Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vishal Kachwal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karnam Laxmi Swetha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Santosh Manabala
- CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Science, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Inamur Rahaman Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Srivastava A, Sharma H, Chowdhury S, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S. Transforming growth factor- β mediated regulation of epigenome is required for epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated features in liver cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14665. [PMID: 37095942 PMCID: PMC10121648 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently unfolds under an inflammatory condition, which is a hub for a plethora of cytokines. A better understanding of the cytokine functions and their contributions to disease development is key to design of future therapeutic strategies and reduction of global HCC burden. In this context, one of the major cytokines present in the HCC tumour milieu is the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). One of its classical functions involve facilitation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in tumour cells, promoting an invasive phenotype. In spite of its clinical relevance, the cellular events associated with TGF-β-induced EMT and its molecular regulation is poorly elucidated. Therefore, as part of this study, we treated HCC cells with TGF-β and characterized the cellular processes associated with EMT. Interestingly, EMT triggered by TGF-β was found to be associated with cytostasis and altered cellular metabolism. TGF-β resulted in down-regulation of cell cycle-associated transcripts, like Cyclin A2 (CCNA2), and metabolic genes, like Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) through epigenetic silencing. An overall increase in total histone repressive mark (H3K27me3) associated with a specific enrichment of H3K27me3 at the upstream promoter region of CCNA2 and GOT1 was observed after TGF-β exposure, leading to their down-regulation. Importantly, TGF-β-downstream signalling mediator- SMAD and chromatin repressive complex member-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) were found to co-immunoprecipitate and were required for the above effects. Overall, our findings reflect that HCC cells undergoing EMT, attain cytostasis and modulate metabolic demands to efficiently facilitate the EMT differentiation switch, and these events are regulated at the epigenomic level through TGF-β-mediated signalling. Our results provide better understanding of cellular invasive features which can lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Saini H, Choudhary M, Sharma H, Chowdhury S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury R. Chloroquine induces transitory attenuation of proliferation of human lung cancer cells through regulation of mutant P53 and YAP. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1045-1058. [PMID: 36385665 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Though recent development in targeted therapy has improved NSCLC prognosis, yet there is an unmet need to identify novel causative factors and appropriate therapeutic regimen against NSCLCs. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we identify key molecular factors de-regulated in NSCLCs. Analyze their expression by real-time PCR and immunoblot; map their localization by immuno-fluorescence microscopy. We further propose an FDA approved drug, chloroquine (CQ) that affects the function of the molecular factors and hence can be repurposed as a therapeutic strategy against NSCLCs. Available NSCLC mutation data reflects a high probabilistic chance of patients harboring a p53 mutation, especially a gain of function (GOF)-R273H mutation. The GOF-P53 mutation enables the P53 protein to potentially interact with non-canonical protein partners facilitating oncogenesis. In this context, analysis of existing transcriptomic data from R273H-P53 expressing cells shows a concomitant up-regulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcriptional targets and its protein partner TEAD1 in NSCLCs, suggesting a possible link between R273H-P53 and YAP. We therefore explored the inter-dependence of R273H-P53 and YAP in NSCLC cells. They were found to co-operatively regulate NSCLC proliferation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP and GOF-P53 resulted in sensitization of NSCLC cells. Further analysis of pathways controlled by GOF-P53 and YAP showed that they positively regulate the cellular homeostatic process- autophagy to mediate survival. We hence postulated that a modulation of autophagy might be a potent strategy to curb proliferation. In accordance to above, autophagy inhibition, especially with the FDA-approved drug- chloroquine (CQ) resulted in cytoplasmic accumulation and reduced transcriptional activity of GOF-P53 and YAP, leading to growth arrest of NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of GOF-P53 and YAP in NSCLC proliferation and proposes autophagy inhibition as an efficient strategy to attenuate NSCLC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Mahima Choudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Mani N, Daiya A, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury S. Epigenetic adaptations in drug-tolerant tumor cells. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:293-335. [PMID: 36990535 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy against cancer is often severely hampered by acquired resistance to the drug. Epigenetic alterations and other mechanisms like drug efflux, drug metabolism, and engagement of survival pathways are crucial in evading drug pressure. Herein, growing evidence suggests that a subpopulation of tumor cells can often tolerate drug onslaught by entering a "persister" state with minimal proliferation. The molecular features of these persister cells are gradually unraveling. Notably, the "persisters" act as a cache of cells that can eventually re-populate the tumor post-withdrawal drug pressure and contribute to acquiring stable drug-resistant features. This underlines the clinical significance of the tolerant cells. Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of modulation of the epigenome as a critical adaptive strategy for evading drug pressure. Chromatin remodeling, altered DNA methylation, and de-regulation of non-coding RNA expression and function contribute significantly to this persister state. No wonder targeting adaptive epigenetic modifications is increasingly recognized as an appropriate therapeutic strategy to sensitize them and restore drug sensitivity. Furthermore, manipulating the tumor microenvironment and "drug holiday" is also explored to maneuver the epigenome. However, heterogeneity in adaptive strategies and lack of targeted therapies have significantly hindered the translation of epigenetic therapy to the clinics. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the epigenetic alterations adapted by the drug-tolerant cells, the therapeutic strategies employed to date, and their limitations and future prospects.
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10
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Chowdhury R, Sau A, Chao J, Sharma A, Musser SM. Tuning axial and lateral localization precision in 3D super-resolution microscopy with variable astigmatism. Opt Lett 2022; 47:5727-5730. [PMID: 37219314 PMCID: PMC10332797 DOI: 10.1364/ol.466213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Astigmatism imaging is a three-dimensional (3D) single molecule fluorescence microscopy approach that yields super-resolved spatial information on a rapid time scale from a single image. It is ideally suited for resolving structures on a sub-micrometer scale and temporal behavior in the millisecond regime. While traditional astigmatism imaging utilizes a cylindrical lens, adaptive optics enables the astigmatism to be tuned for the experiment. We demonstrate here how the precisions in x, y, and z are inter-linked and vary with the astigmatism, z-position, and photon level. This experimentally driven and verified approach provides a guide for astigmatism selection in biological imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ankith Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Siegfried M. Musser
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Akter N, Nessa A, Israt S, Sharmin A, Dipa MI, Firoz S, Chowdhury R. Study on Serum Calcium Level in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:920-924. [PMID: 36189533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients often present with chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated with hypocalcaemia. Lower serum calcium is independently associated with chronic kidney disease. Aim of this study was to assess of serum calcium level in chronic kidney diseased patients in order to compare this parameter with healthy subjects. This analytical type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Physiology department, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. A total number of 200 subjects, age range 30-70 year were included in this study. Among 200 subjects, 100 healthy were taken as control group (Group I) and 100 chronic kidney diseased patients were taken as study group (Group II). Control group (Group I) subdivided into male healthy subject (Group IA) and female healthy subject (Group IB). Also study group (Group II) subdivided into male chronic kidney diseased patient (Group IIA) and female chronic kidney diseased patient (Group IIB). The results were calculated and analyzed by using SPSS version-21. Expression of data as mean±SE and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. In this study we found that mean±SE serum calcium of Group IA and Group IIA were 9.60±0.09mg/dl & 8.04±0.03mg/dl respectively. The mean±SE serum calcium of Group IB and Group IIB were 9.38±0.096mg/dl & 8.19±0.05mg/dl respectively. Serum calcium was significantly decreased in study groups in comparison with control groups (p<0.001). By this study we therefore recommended that routine estimation of this parameter is important for prevention of complication related to chronic kidney disease for leading a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akter
- Dr Nasrin Akter, Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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12
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Sharma A, Chowdhury R, Musser SM. Oligomerization state of the functional bacterial twin-arginine translocation (Tat) receptor complex. Commun Biol 2022; 5:988. [PMID: 36123532 PMCID: PMC9485244 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across bacterial and plastid energy transducing membranes. Ion leaks are generally considered to be mitigated by the creation and destruction of the translocation conduit in a cargo-dependent manner, a mechanism that enables tight sealing around a wide range of cargo shapes and sizes. In contrast to the variable stoichiometry of the active translocon, the oligomerization state of the receptor complex is considered more consistently stable but has proved stubbornly difficult to establish. Here, using a single molecule photobleaching analysis of individual inverted membrane vesicles, we demonstrate that Tat receptor complexes are tetrameric in native membranes with respect to both TatB and TatC. This establishes a maximal diameter for a resting state closed pore. A large percentage of Tat-deficient vesicles explains the typically low transport efficiencies observed. This individual reaction chamber approach will facilitate examination of the effects of stochastically distributed molecules. A molecular counting approach using single molecule photobleaching reveals that the Tat receptor complex is a tetramer in its native membrane environment with an equal stoichiometry of TatB and TatC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankith Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Siegfried M Musser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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13
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Meherubin I, Nessa A, Huda MN, Naznen F, Afroz L, Mumu NS, Rukunuzzaman M, Yeasmin F, Sharmin A, Chowdhury R. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Serum Alanine Transaminase Concentration in Obese Female. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:600-605. [PMID: 35780339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activity has been regarded as a reliable and sensitive marker of liver disease. In the context of obesity ALT may also be a good indicator of overall health. Obesity has been reported as a risk factor associated with elevation of ALT, which is a surrogate marker of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Elevated ALT may correlate with the severity of NAFLD in obese female. This study was done to evaluate the changes of serum ALT in obese female age ranged 30-60 years in comparison to normal healthy female of same age. At the same time we can know the relationship between body mass index and serum ALT concentration in obese female. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2020 to December 2020. A total number of 100 female subjects were included in this study. Among them fifty (50) normal healthy female were taken as control group (Group I) and fifty (50) obese female were taken as study group (Group II). The level of serum ALT was determined by Ultra violet (UV) method. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired Student's 't' test. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was done to find the correlation of serum ALT with BMI by using SPSS (version 21.0). During interpretation of results, p values of <0.001 were considered as statistically highly significant. In this study, serum level of ALT was significantly higher (p<0.001) in obese female compared to those of healthy control female. In addition, there is a positive correlation of serum ALT with BMI. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, elevated ALT was significantly associated with high BMI as well as with other feature of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Meherubin
- Dr Iffath Meherubin, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Jamalpur, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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14
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Sharma A, Chowdhury R, Musser SM. Oligomerization state of the functional bacterial twin arginine translocation (Tat) receptor complex. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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15
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Chowdhury R, Sau A, Musser SM. Author Correction: Super-resolved 3D tracking of cargo transport through nuclear pore complexes. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:400. [PMID: 35105941 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Sau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Siegfried M Musser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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16
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Srivastava A, Sharma H, Khanna S, Sadhu Balasundaram T, Chowdhury S, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S. Interleukin-6 Induced Proliferation Is Attenuated by Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 11:811941. [PMID: 35127527 PMCID: PMC8810489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often associated with an inflammatory setting. A plethora of cytokines are secreted in this milieu, actively contributing to the progression of the disease; however, the extent of cytokine interaction and how it contributes to HCC development remains an enigma. In this regard, our analysis of available patient-derived data suggests that cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are enriched in HCC. We further analyzed the effect of these cytokines independently or in combination on HCC cells. Importantly, IL-6 was found to induce a STAT-3-dependent proliferation and mediate its pro-proliferative effects through activation and direct interaction with the p65 subunit of NFkB. Alternatively, TGF-β was found to induce a SMAD-dependent induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) coupled to growth arrest in these cells. Interestingly, the simultaneous addition of IL-6 and TGF-β failed to profoundly impact EMT markers but resulted in attenuation of IL-6-induced pro-proliferative effects. Analysis of the putative molecular mechanism revealed a decrease in IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) transcript levels, reduced expression of IL-6-induced STAT-3, and its nuclear localization upon addition of TGF-β along with IL-6. Consequently, a reduced p65 activation was also observed in combination treatment. Importantly, SMAD levels were unperturbed and the cells showed more TGF-β-like features under combination treatment. Finally, we observed that TGF-β resulted in enrichment of repressive chromatin mark (H3K27me3) coupled to growth arrest, while IL-6 induced an open chromatin signature (H3K4me3) associated with an enhanced expression of EZH2. Overall, for the first time, we show that TGF-β attenuates IL-6-induced effects by regulating the receptor level, downstream signaling, and the epigenome. Understanding the complex interactions between these cytokines can be imperative to a better understanding of the disease, and manipulation of cytokine balance can act as a prospective future therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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17
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Chowdhury R, Sau A, Musser SM. Super-resolved 3D tracking of cargo transport through nuclear pore complexes. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:112-122. [PMID: 35013558 PMCID: PMC8820391 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded within the nuclear envelope (NE) mediate rapid, selective, and bidirectional traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. Deciphering the mechanism and dynamics of this process is challenged by the need for high spatial and temporal precision. We report here a multi-color imaging approach that enables direct 3D visualization of cargo transport trajectories relative to a super-resolved octagonal double-ring structure of the NPC scaffold. The success of this approach is enabled by the high positional stability of NPCs within permeabilized cells, as verified by a combined experimental and simulation analysis. Hourglass-shaped translocation conduits for two cargo complexes representing different nuclear transport receptor (NTR) pathways indicates rapid migration through the permeability barrier on or near the NPC scaffold. Binding sites for cargo complexes extend over 100 nm from the pore openings, consistent with a wide distribution of the FG-polypeptides that bind NTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Sau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Siegfried M Musser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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Dey S, Fageria L, Sharma A, Mukherjee S, Pande S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. Silver nanoparticle-induced alteration of mitochondrial and ER homeostasis affects human breast cancer cell fate. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1977-1984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kushwaha S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. Analysis of Transcriptomic Data Generated from Drug-Treated Cancer Cell Line. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2535:119-129. [PMID: 35867227 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2513-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is one major obstacle in current cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of the acquisition of resistance is vital for the design and development of appropriate cancer therapy. Importantly, acquisition of resistance is not a single-step process, and the molecular signature of cells dynamically changes during this process. With the advent of next-generation omic technologies, today one can precisely map the molecular alterations not only in a population of tumor cells but also at the single-cell level as they attain chemo-resistance. In this chapter, we describe a detailed transcriptomic pipeline following next-generation sequencing for mapping alteration in expression during the process of attainment of resistance. We provide comprehensive information on the process to (1) track the differential expression of transcripts, (2) understand the gene ontology functions, (3) filter out candidate key genes, (4) identify the pathways regulated by them, and (5) generate a map of their probable interactions. We assume that our analytical method will be useful for research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Kushwaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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Sharma H, Niveditha D, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury S. A genome-wide expression profile of noncoding RNAs in human osteosarcoma cells as they acquire resistance to cisplatin. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 35201486 PMCID: PMC8777531 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence after cisplatin therapy is one of the major hindrances in the management of cancer. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the molecular signatures marking the acquisition of resistance. We therefore modeled the response of osteosarcoma (OS) cells to the first-line chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. A small population of nondividing cells survived acute cisplatin shock (persisters; OS-P). These cells regained proliferative potential over time re-instating the population again (extended persisters; OS-EP). RESULT In this study, we present the expression profile of noncoding RNAs in untreated OS cells (chemo-naive), OS-P, OS-EP and drug-resistant (OS-R) cells derived from the latter. RNA sequencing was carried out, and thereafter, differential expression (log2-fold ± 1.5; p value ≤ 0.05) of microRNAs (miRNAs) was analyzed in each set. The core set of miRNAs that were uniquely or differentially expressed in each group was identified. Interestingly, we observed that most of each group had their own distinctive set of miRNAs. The miRNAs showing an inverse correlation in expression pattern with mRNAs were further selected, and the key pathways regulated by them were delineated for each group. We observed that pathways such as TNF signaling, autophagy and mitophagy were implicated in multiple groups. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides critical information on the variation in the expression pattern of ncRNAs in osteosarcoma cells and the pathways that they might tightly regulate as cells acquire resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Divya Niveditha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
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Manzoor M, Atique A, Chowdhury R, Athavale N. 159 Antibiotic Omissions: A Missed Dose Means A Missed Chance to Save A Life! Is E-Prescribing the Answer? Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab030.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Omissions and delay in antimicrobial therapy are common in acute hospitals with an untowrds impact on patient outcomes resulting in harm and prolong stay. We carried out a Quality Improvement Project (QIP) assessing 2 interventions in PDSA cycles to improve situation. This QIP was done in 3 stages and involved about 80 patients over 7 months. We collected data regarding antibiotic omissions on 3 random separate days which gave baseline omission rate. This was 8.5% and quite higher than the national average (5.3%). The reason for the omissions was not documented on the drug kardexes on most occasions. Initial intervention included staff education, verbally and through posters. Post intervention data was collected again on 3 separate days. This showed improvement and the omission rate fell from 8.5% to 5.6%. The percentage of omissions with no code written reduced from 56.25% to 18.18%. The second intervention included participation in EPMA (Electronic prescribing and medicines administration) pilot on the ward. Post EPMA, the omission rate reduced to 4.59%. All omissions had now a code written. The phenomenon of Antibiotic Omissions is an open challenge and its consequences are serious. We can conclude from our study that educational measures though effective are likely to be short-lived.Therefore, it can be asserted that Electronic prescribing is appropriate solution for antibiotic omissions and it also opens up new horizons for patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manzoor
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
| | - A Atique
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
| | - R Chowdhury
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
| | - N Athavale
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;Bradford Royal Infirmary; Princess Alexandra Hospital;Rotherham District General Hospital
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Swetha KL, Maravajjala KS, Sharma S, Chowdhury R, Roy A. Development of a tumor extracellular pH-responsive nanocarrier by terminal histidine conjugation in a star shaped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Saini H, Sharma H, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury S, Chowdhury R. Verteporfin disrupts multiple steps of autophagy and regulates p53 to sensitize osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33446200 PMCID: PMC7807844 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor of the bone mostly observed in children and adolescents. The current treatment approach includes neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, drug resistance often hinders therapy in OS patients. Also, the post-relapse survival of OS patients is as low as 20%. We therefore planned to understand the molecular cause for its poor prognosis and design an appropriate therapeutic strategy to combat the disease. Methods We analyzed OS patient dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and identified the differentially expressed genes and the top deregulated pathways in OS. Subsequently, drugs targeting the major de-regulated pathways were selected and the following assays were conducted- MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity of drugs in OS cells; immunoblotting and immunostaining to analyze key protein expression and localization after drug treatment; LysoTracker staining to monitor lysosomes; Acridine Orange to label acidic vesicles; and DCFDA to measure Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Results The differential gene expression analysis from OS patient dataset implicated the striking involvement of cellular processes linked to autophagy and protein processing in the development of OS. We therefore selected the FDA approved drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and verteporfin (VP) known for autophagy inhibitory and proteotoxic functions to explore against OS. Importantly, VP, but not CQ, showed an extensive dose-dependent cytotoxicity. It resulted in autophagy disruption at multiple steps extending from perturbation of early autophagic processes, inhibition of autophagic flux to induction of lysosomal instability. Interestingly, VP treated protein lysates showed a ROS-dependent high molecular weight (HMW) band when probed for P62 and P53 protein. Further, VP triggered accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins as well. Since VP had a pronounced disruptive effect on cellular protein homeostasis, we explored the possibility of simultaneous inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) by MG-132 (MG). Addition of a proteasomal inhibitor significantly aggravated VP induced cytotoxicity. MG co-treatment also led to selective targeting of P53 to the lysosomes. Conclusion Herein, we propose VP and MG induce regulation of autophagy and protein homeostasis which can be exploited as an effective therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Chowdhury R, Tegg L, Keast VJ, Holmes NP, Cooling NA, Vaughan B, Nicolaidis NC, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, Zhou X. Plasmonic enhancement of aqueous processed organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19000-19011. [PMID: 35478661 PMCID: PMC9033506 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium tungsten bronze (NaxWO3) is a promising alternative plasmonic material to nanoparticulate gold due to its strong plasmonic resonances in both the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. Additional benefits include its simple production either as a bulk or a nanoparticle material at a relatively low cost. In this work, plasmonic NaxWO3 nanoparticles were introduced and mixed into the nanoparticulate zinc oxide electron transport layer of a water processed poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) nanoparticle (NP) based organic photovoltaic device (NP-OPV). The power conversion efficiency of NP-OPV devices with NaxWO3 NPs added was found to improve by around 35% compared to the control devices, attributed to improved light absorption, resulting in an enhanced short circuit current and fill factor. Plasmonic NaxWO3 nanoparticles were introduced to aqueous processed organic photovoltaics with 35% device enhancement.![]()
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25
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Mak MS, Chowdhury R, Johnson R. Morton's neuroma: review of anatomy, pathomechanism, and imaging. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:235.e15-235.e23. [PMID: 33168237 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Morton's neuroma is a commonly encountered cause of forefoot pain, which may limit weight-bearing activities and footwear choices. Although the aetiology and pathomechanism of this condition is controversial, the histological endpoint is well established as benign perineural fibrosis of a common plantar digital nerve, typically within the third intermetatarsal space. The diagnosis of Morton's neuroma is mainly based on characteristic symptoms and clinical findings, but may be confirmed by ultrasonography. Although ultrasound is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for Morton's neuroma, it is subject to interoperator variability due to differences in technique and level of experience. In this paper, the authors review the anatomy of the common plantar digital nerves and surrounding structures in the forefoot, which are deemed relevant to the understanding of Morton's neuroma, especially from a sonographic point of view. Several theories of the pathomechanism of Morton's neuroma are briefly discussed. The main purpose of this article is to illustrate the ultrasound techniques for evaluating Morton's neuroma and performing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mak
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Niveditha D, Mukherjee S, Majumder S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. A global transcriptomic pipeline decoding core network of genes involved in stages leading to acquisition of drug-resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:1701-1711. [PMID: 30307528 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Traditional cancer therapy is focused on eradicating fast proliferating population of tumor cells. However, existing evidences suggest survival of sub-population of cancer cells that can resist chemotherapy by entering a 'persister' state of minimal growth. These cells eventually survive to produce cells resistant to drugs. The identifying of appropriate targets that can eliminate the drug-tolerant 'persisters' remains a challenge. Hence, a deeper understanding of the distinctive genetic signatures that lead to resistance is of utmost importance to design an appropriate therapy. RESULTS In this study, deep-sequencing of mRNA was performed in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, exposed to the widely used drug, cisplatin which is an integral part of current treatment regime for OS. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in (i) untreated OS; (ii) persister sub-population of cells post-drug shock; (iii) cells which evade growth bottleneck and (iv) drug-resistant cells obtained after several rounds of drug shock and revival. The transcriptomic signatures and pathways regulated in each group were compared; the transcriptomic pipeline to the acquisition of resistance was analyzed and the core network of genes altered during the process was delineated. Additionally, our transcriptomic data were compared with OS patient data obtained from Gene Ontology Omnibus. We observed a sub-set of genes to be commonly expressed in both data sets with a high correlation (0.81) in expression pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this study is uniquely designed to understand the series of genetic changes leading to the emergence of drug-resistant cells, and implications from this study have a potential therapeutic impact. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION All raw data can be accessed from GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the GEO accession number GSE86053. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Niveditha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
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Bose A, Chowdhury R, Nandi S, Raja SO, Ray S, Bhattacharyya K, Dasgupta AK. Time-dependent enhancement of fluorescence from Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 and its critical dependence on concentration temperature and static magnetic field. J Biol Phys 2020; 46:151-167. [PMID: 32193688 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-020-09545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous exposure of 395 nm light increases the fluorescence emission intensity of photosynthetic purple non-sulphur bacteria, Rhodobacter capsulatus (SB1003). We show that such an increase in fluorescence emission of extracellular pigment complexes (PC) from these photosynthetic bacteria depends on the concentration of the pigment and temperature and can also be modulated by the static magnetic field. The time-dependent enhanced emission disappears either at or below 300 K or below a threshold sample concentration (0.1 mg/ml). The enhanced emission reappears at this condition (T < 278 K) if a static magnetic field (395 mT) is introduced during fluorescence measurement. The time dependence of emission is expressed in terms of a first-order rate constant, k = dF/(Fdt). The sign of k shifts from positive to negative as PC concentration is lowered than a threshold value, implying onset of fluorescence decay (k < 0) rather than amplification (k > 0). At PC concentration higher than a threshold, k becomes negative if the temperature is lowered. But, surprisingly, at low temperature, a static magnetic field reverts the k value to positive. We explain the logical nature of k-switching and photo-dynamics of the aforesaid microbial fluorescence emission by aggregation of protoporphyrin rings present in the PC. While the simultaneous presence of decay in fluorescence and susceptibility to static magnetic field suggests the dominance of triplet states at low temperatures, the process is reversed by SMF-induced removal of spin degeneracy. At higher temperatures, the optical excitability and lack of magnetic response suggest the dominance of singlet states. We propose that the restructuring of the singlet-triplet distribution by intersystem crossing may be the basis of this logical behaviour. In context with microbial function, time-dependent enhancement of fluorescence also implies relay of red photons to the neighbouring microbes not directly exposed to the incident radiation, thus serving as an indirect photosynthetic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Sufi O Raja
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sanhita Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Fageria L, Bambroo V, Mathew A, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury R, Pande S. Functional Autophagic Flux Regulates AgNP Uptake And The Internalized Nanoparticles Determine Tumor Cell Fate By Temporally Regulating Flux. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9063-9076. [PMID: 31819419 PMCID: PMC6875509 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s222211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to induce the conserved, cellular, homeostatic process- autophagy in tumor cells. Previous studies primarily focus on the pro-survival role of autophagy post AgNP exposure in tumor cells, but seldom on its role in AgNP uptake, or on the functional significance of autophagy temporal dynamics. Our study sheds more light on the extensive crosstalk that exists between AgNP and autophagy, which can be critical to the improvement of AgNP-induced therapeutic effects. Methods β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) coated AgNPs of two different sizes were synthesized by nucleation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to probe intracellular uptake of AgNPs. Endocytic mechanism of AgNPs was classically analyzed through use of various endocytosis inhibitors. Autophagy was evaluated by immunoblot and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, immunoblot was performed to monitor Janus Kinase (JNK) signalling, ubiquitination of proteins, expression of endo-lysosomal and apoptotic markers in correlation to AgNP-induced autophagy. Results The intra-cellular route of entry for the small NPs (~9 nm; ss-AgNPs) was different than the large NPs (~19 nm; ls-AgNPs) studied. However, irrespective of their unique route of entry an inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine (CQ) reduced uptake of both the AgNPs. In contrary, rapamycin (Rapa), an autophagy inducer enhanced it. Importantly, JNK activation was required for autophagy induction and AgNP uptake. Furthermore, effect of AgNPs on autophagy showed temporal dependency. An enhanced autophagic flux was noted at early time points; however, prolonged exposure resulted in inhibition of flux marked by increase in Rab7, LC3B-II and p62 proteins. Inhibition of flux was associated with lysosomal dysfunction, decreased LAMP1 expression and an increased accumulation of ubiquitinated (Ub) proteins. This resulted in heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent cytotoxicity. Conclusion In this study, we observed that a functional autophagic flux aids AgNP uptake, but AgNPs in turn, overtime, inhibits flux and endo-lysosomal function. We provide critical, novel insights into crosstalk between AgNP and autophagy which can be vital to future AgNP-based therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Fageria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vishakha Bambroo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Angel Mathew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Surojit Pande
- Department of Chemistry, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Niveditha D, Sharma H, Majumder S, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. Transcriptomic analysis associated with reversal of cisplatin sensitivity in drug resistant osteosarcoma cells after a drug holiday. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1045. [PMID: 31690262 PMCID: PMC6833242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the major hurdles in current cancer therapy. With the increasing occurrence of drug resistance, a paradigm shift in treatment strategy is required. Recently “medication vacation” has emerged as a unique, yet uncomplicated strategy in which withdrawal of drug pressure for certain duration allowed tumor cells to regain sensitivity to the drug. However, little is known about the molecular alterations associated with such an outcome. Methods In this study, human osteosarcoma (OS) cells resistant to the extensively used drug cisplatin, were withdrawn from drug pressure, and thereafter cytotoxic response of the cells to the drug was evaluated. We further performed next-generation RNA sequencing and compared transcriptome between parental (OS), resistant (OS-R) and the drug withdrawn (OS-DW) cells. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified, and biological association network (BAN), gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially regulated transcripts were performed to identify key events associated with withdrawal of drug pressure. Results Following drug withdrawal, the sensitivity of the cells to the drug was found to be regained. Analysis of the expression profile showed that key genes like, IRAK3, IL6ST, RELA, AKT1, FKBP1A and ADIPOQ went significantly down in OS-DW cells when compared to OS-R. Also, genes involved in Wnt signaling, PI3K-Akt, Notch signaling, and ABC transporters were drastically down-regulated in OS-DW cells compared to OS-R. Although, a very small subset of genes maintained similar expression pattern between OS, OS-R and OS-DW, nonetheless majority of the transcriptomic pattern of OS-DW was distinctively different and unique in comparison to either the drug sensitive OS or drug resistant OS-R cells. Conclusion Our data suggests that though drug withdrawal causes reversal of sensitivity, the transcriptomic pattern does not necessarily show significant match with resistant or parental control cells. We strongly believe that exploration of the molecular basis of drug holiday might facilitate additional potential alternative treatment options for aggressive and resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Niveditha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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Niveditha D, Sharma H, Sahu A, Majumder S, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury S. Drug Tolerant Cells: An Emerging Target With Unique Transcriptomic Features. Cancer Inform 2019; 18:1176935119881633. [PMID: 31636480 PMCID: PMC6787876 DOI: 10.1177/1176935119881633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term outcome of cancer therapy is often severely perturbed by the
acquisition of drug resistance. Recent evidence point toward the survival of a
subpopulation of tumor cells under acute drug stress that over time can
re-populate the tumor. These transiently existing, weakly proliferative,
drug-tolerant cells facilitate tumor cell survival until more stable resistance
mechanisms are acquired. From a therapeutic perspective, understanding the
molecular features of the tolerant cells is critical to attenuation of
resistance. In this article, we discuss the transcriptomic features of
drug-tolerant osteosarcoma cells that survive a high dose of cisplatin shock. We
present the unique transcriptome of the minimally dividing tolerant cells in
comparison with the proliferative persisters or resistant cells derived from the
tolerant cells. Targeting the tolerant cells can represent an efficient
therapeutic strategy impeding tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Niveditha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Anirudha Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani, India
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Dineshkumar S, Raj A, Srivastava A, Mukherjee S, Pasha SS, Kachwal V, Fageria L, Chowdhury R, Laskar IR. Facile Incorporation of "Aggregation-Induced Emission"-Active Conjugated Polymer into Mesoporous Silica Hollow Nanospheres: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Studies, and Application in Bioimaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:31270-31282. [PMID: 31348641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and triphenylamine have been used to construct an AIE-active conjugated polymer, namely, poly(N,N-diphenyl-4-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)styryl)aniline) (PTPA), which consist of D-π-A architecture by Wittig polymerization. We fabricated mesoporous silica hollow nanospheres (MSHNs) which were encapsulated with the AIE-active polymer for applications in cellular imaging. It exhibits a positive solvatochromism effect by increasing solvent polarity, supported by theoretical calculation using density functional theory. The structure of the monomers and polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques. Considering the advantage of high brightness in the fluorescence of PTPA, it was encapsulated into MSHNs by a noncovalent approach, and the surface was functionalized with an anti-EpCAM (antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule) aptamer through conjugation with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane for targeting cancer cells specifically. The aptamer-functionalized Apt-MSHNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with the liver cancer-Huh-7 cells used for this study and was efficiently internalized by these cells. Because EpCAM are overexpressed in multiple carcinomas, including liver cancer, these aptamer-conjugated AIE MSHNs are therefore good candidates for targeted cellular imaging applications.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Different definitions used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) preclude getting reliable prevalence estimates. Study objective was to find the prevalence of COPD as per standard Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition, risk factors associated, and treatment seeking in adults >30 years. METHODOLOGY Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Delhi, among 1200 adults, selected by systematic random sampling. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview all subjects and screen for symptoms of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was done to confirm COPD. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated by multivariable analysis to examine the association of risk factors with COPD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was developed to assess predictability. RESULTS The prevalence of COPD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5, 11.9%). Tobacco smoking was the strongest risk factor associated (aOR 9.48; 95% CI 4.22, 14.13) followed by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), occupational exposure, age, and biomass fuel. Each pack-year of smoking increased 15% risk of COPD. Ex-smokers had 63% lesser risk compared to current smokers. Clinical allergy seems to preclude COPD (aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02, 0.37). ROC analysis showed 94.38% of the COPD variability can be assessed by this model (sensitivity 57.4%; positive predictive value 93.3%). Only 48% patients were on treatment. Treatment continuation was impeded by its cost. CONCLUSION COPD prevalence in the region of Delhi, India, is high, and our case-finding population study identified a high rate of patients who were not on any treatment. Our study adds to creating awareness on the importance of smoking cessation, early diagnosis of COPD, and the need for regular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R Singla
- Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases, National Institute of TB and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Community Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Mondal P, Chowdhury R, Nandi S, Amin MA, Bhattacharyya K, Ghosh S. Probing Deviation of Adhered Membrane Dynamics between Reconstituted Liposome and Cellular System. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4616-4624. [PMID: 31210021 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of cell-cell adhesion are complicated due to complexities in cellular interactions and intra-membrane interactions. In the present work, we have reconstituted a liposome-based model system to mimic the cell-cell adhesion process. Our model liposome system consists of one fluorescein-tagged and one TRITC (tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate)-tagged liposome, adhered through biotin-neutravidin interaction. We monitored the adhesion process in liposomes using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between fluorescein (donor) and TRITC (acceptor). Occurrence of FRET is confirmed by the decrease in donor lifetime as well as distinct rise time of the acceptor fluorescence. Interestingly, the acceptor's emission exhibits fluctuations in the range of ≈3±1 s. This may be attributed to structural oscillations associated in two adhered liposomes arising from the flexible nature of biotin-neutravidin interaction. We have compared the dynamics in a cell-mimicking liposome system with that in an in vitro live cell system. In the adhered live cell system, we used CPM (7-diethylamino-3-(4-maleimido-phenyl)-4-methylcoumarin, donor) and nile red (acceptor), which are known to stain the membrane of CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. The dynamics of the adhered membranes of two live CHO cells were observed through FRET between CPM and nile red. The acceptor fluorescence intensity exhibits an oscillation in the time-scale of ≈1±0.75 s, which is faster compared to the reconstituted liposome system, indicating the contributions and involvement of multiple dynamic protein complexes around the cell membrane. This study offers simple reconstituted model systems to understand the complex membrane dynamics using a FRET-based physical chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,Present Address: Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Somen Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
| | - Md Asif Amin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
| | | | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India
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Chowdhury R, Lobaz S. Nutrition in critical care. BJA Educ 2019; 19:90-95. [PMID: 33456876 PMCID: PMC7808007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chowdhury
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S. Lobaz
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Barnsley NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, UK
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35
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Pasha SS, Fageria L, Climent C, Rath NP, Alemany P, Chowdhury R, Roy A, Laskar IR. Evaluation of novel platinum(ii) based AIE compound-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cancer theranostic application. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 29517794 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advanced biomedical research has established that cancer is a multifactorial disorder which is highly heterogeneous in nature and responds differently to different treatment modalities, due to which constant monitoring of therapy response is becoming extremely important. To accomplish this, different theranostic formulations have been evaluated. However, most of them are found to suffer from several limitations extending from poor resolution, radiation damage, to high costs. In order to develop a better theranostic modality, we have designed and synthesized a novel platinum(ii)-based 'aggregation induced emission' (AIE) molecule (named BMPP-Pt) which showed strong intra-cellular fluorescence and also simultaneously exhibited potent cytotoxic activity. Due to this dual functionality, we wanted to explore the possibility of using this compound as a single molecule based theranostic modality. This compound was characterized using elemental analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray structure determination. BMPP-Pt was found to exhibit a high AIE property with emission maxima at 497 nm. For more efficient cancer cell targeting, BMPP-Pt was encapsulated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Pt-MSNPs) and the MSNPs were further surface modified with an anti-EpCAM aptamer (Pt-MSNP-E). Pt-MSNPs exhibited higher intracellular fluorescence compared to free BMPP-Pt, though both of them induced a similar degree of cell death via the apoptosis pathway, possibly via cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Anti-EpCAM aptamer modification was found to increase both cytotoxicity and intracellular fluorescence compared to unmodified MSNPs. Our study showed that EpCAM functionalized BMPP-Pt loaded MSNPs can efficiently internalize and induce apoptosis of cancer cells as well as show strong intracellular fluorescence. This study provides clues towards the development of a potential single compound based theranostic modality in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Saleem Pasha
- Department of Chemistry, Pilani Campus, BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Chowdhury R, Bhatia S, Singh G, Nasreen S, De D. Circulating tumor cells: Screening and monitoring of oral cancers. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 119:498-502. [PMID: 29959083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Chowdhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mithila Minority Dental College & Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, 846001, Bihar, India.
| | - S Bhatia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Kudi Haud, Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - G Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Kudi Haud, Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - S Nasreen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar, (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, 846001, Bihar, India.
| | - D De
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mithila Minority Dental College & Hospital, Samastipur Road, Mansukh Nagar (Ekmighat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, 846001, Bihar, India.
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McAllister TE, Yeh TL, Abboud MI, Leung IKH, Hookway ES, King ONF, Bhushan B, Williams ST, Hopkinson RJ, Münzel M, Loik ND, Chowdhury R, Oppermann U, Claridge TDW, Goto Y, Suga H, Schofield CJ, Kawamura A. Non-competitive cyclic peptides for targeting enzyme-substrate complexes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4569-4578. [PMID: 29899950 PMCID: PMC5969509 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Affinity reagents are of central importance for selectively identifying proteins and investigating their interactions. We report on the development and use of cyclic peptides, identified by mRNA display-based RaPID methodology, that are selective for, and tight binders of, the human hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) - enzymes crucial in hypoxia sensing. Biophysical analyses reveal the cyclic peptides to bind in a distinct site, away from the enzyme active site pocket, enabling conservation of substrate binding and catalysis. A biotinylated cyclic peptide captures not only the PHDs, but also their primary substrate hypoxia inducible factor HIF1-α. Our work highlights the potential for tight, non-active site binding cyclic peptides to act as promising affinity reagents for studying protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E McAllister
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - T-L Yeh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - M I Abboud
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - I K H Leung
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - E S Hookway
- Botnar Research Centre , NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit , University of Oxford , Windmill Road , Oxford , OX3 7LD , UK
| | - O N F King
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - B Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK
| | - S T Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - R J Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - M Münzel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - N D Loik
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - R Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - U Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre , NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit , University of Oxford , Windmill Road , Oxford , OX3 7LD , UK
| | - T D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Y Goto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - H Suga
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
- JST , CREST , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - C J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - A Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK
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Lohitesh K, Saini H, Srivastava A, Mukherjee S, Roy A, Chowdhury R. Autophagy inhibition potentiates SAHA‑mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2787-2796. [PMID: 29658588 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), often referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is the most invasive type of tumor arising from glial cells. The main treatment options for GBM include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, these treatments tend to be only palliative rather than curative. Poor prognosis of GBM is due to its marked resistance to standard therapy. Currently, temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent is used for treatment of GBM. However, GBM cells can repair TMZ‑induced DNA damage and therefore diminish the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ. The potential to evade apoptosis by GBM cells accentuates the need to target the non‑apoptotic pathway and/or inhibition of pro‑survival strategies that contribute to its high resistance to conventional therapies. In recent studies, it has been demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors, such as vorinostat (suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid; SAHA) can induce autophagy in cancer cells, thereby stimulating autophagosome formation. In addition, a lysosomotropic agent such as chloroquine (CQ) can result in hyper‑accumulation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting autophagosome‑lysosome fusion, which can drive the cell towards apoptosis. Hence, we postulated that combination treatment with SAHA and CQ may lead to increased formation of autophagosomes, resulting in its hyper‑accumulation and ultimately inducing cell death in GBM cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that CQ co‑treatment enhanced SAHA‑mediated GBM cell apoptosis. Inhibition of the early stage of autophagy by 3‑methyladenine pre‑treatment reduced cell death confirming that apoptosis induced by CQ and SAHA was dependent on autophagosome accumulation. We also demonstrated that autophagy inhibition led to enhanced ROS, mitochondria accumulation and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in cell death. The present study provides cellular and molecular evidence concerning the combined effect of SAHA and CQ which can be developed as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kovooru Lohitesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Heena Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Abhilasha Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Lohitesh K, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S. Resistance a major hindrance to chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an insight. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:44. [PMID: 29568237 PMCID: PMC5859782 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, accounting for almost 90% of total liver cancer burden. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant and systemic chemotherapy are the most meticulously followed treatment procedures but the complex etiology and high metastatic potential of the disease renders surgical treatment futile in majority of the cases. Another hindrance to the scenario is the acquired resistance to drugs resulting in relapse of the disease. Hence, to provide insights into development of novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers, this review focuses on the various molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in HCC. We have provided a comprehensive summary of the various strategies adopted by HCC cells, extending from apoptosis evasion, autophagy activation, drug expulsion to epigenetic transformation as modes of therapy resistance. The role of stem cells in imparting chemoresistance is also discussed. Furthermore, the review also focuses on how this knowledge might be exploited for the development of an effective, prospective therapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lohitesh
- Department of Biological-Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological-Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological-Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031 India
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40
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Kunjiappan S, Panneerselvam T, Somasundaram B, Sankaranarayanan M, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury A, Bhattacharjee C. Design,
in silico
modeling, biodistribution study of rutin and quercetin loaded stable human hair keratin nanoparticles intended for anticancer drug delivery. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaa1cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dash S, Sarashetti PM, Rajashekar B, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee S. TGF-β2-induced EMT is dampened by inhibition of autophagy and TNF-α treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6433-6449. [PMID: 29464083 PMCID: PMC5814223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops in a chronic inflammatory setting causal to release of a plethora of growth factors and cytokines. However, the molecular effect of these cytokines on HCC progression is poorly understood. In this study, we exposed HCC cells to TGF-β2 (Transforming Growth Factor-β2), which resulted in a significant elevation of EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) like features. Molecular analysis of EMT markers showed an increase at both RNA and protein levels upon TGF-β2 administration along with up-regulation of TGF-β-induced Smad signaling. Induction of EMT was associated with a simultaneous increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytostasis of TGF-β2-treated cells. Importantly, quenching of ROS resulted in a significant promotion of TGF-β2-induced EMT. Furthermore, cells treated with TGF-β2 also showed an enhanced autophagic flux. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine-di-phosphate (CQDP) or siRNA-mediated ablation of ATG5 drastically inhibited TGF-β2-induced EMT. Autophagy inhibition significantly increased ROS levels promoting apoptosis. It was further observed that pro-inflammatory cytokine like, TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) can antagonize TGF-β2-induced response by down-regulating autophagy, increasing ROS levels and thus inhibiting EMT in HCC cells. This inhibitory effect of TNF-α is serum-independent. Transcriptomic analysis through RNA sequencing was further performed which validated that TGF-β2-induced autophagic genes are inhibited by TNF-α treatment suppressing EMT. Our study suggests that autophagy plays a pro-metastatic role facilitating EMT by regulating ROS levels in HCC cells and TNF-α can suppress EMT by inhibiting autophagy. We provide unique mechanistic insights into the role of TGF-β2 in HCC cells, along with appropriate cues to effectively control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Balaji Rajashekar
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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Kachwal V, Vamsi Krishna IS, Fageria L, Chaudhary J, Kinkar Roy R, Chowdhury R, Laskar IR. Exploring the hidden potential of a benzothiazole-based Schiff-base exhibiting AIE and ESIPT and its activity in pH sensing, intracellular imaging and ultrasensitive & selective detection of aluminium (Al3+). Analyst 2018; 143:3741-3748. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hidden potential of an AIE-ESIPT active, simple substituted benzothiazole compound has been explored.
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Sengupta P, Raman S, Chowdhury R, Lohitesh K, Saini H, Mukherjee S, Paul A. Evaluation of Apoptosis and Autophagy Inducing Potential of Berberis aristata, Azadirachta indica, and Their Synergistic Combinations in Parental and Resistant Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Front Oncol 2017; 7:296. [PMID: 29312880 PMCID: PMC5732233 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease and hence can be effectively overcome by a multi-constituently therapeutic strategy. Medicinal plant extracts represent a perfect example of such stratagem. However, minimal studies have been done till date that portray the effect of extraction techniques on the phyto-constituent profile of plant extracts and its impact on anticancer activity. In the present study, we have evaluated the anticancer potential of methanolic extracts of Berberis aristata root and Azadirachta indica seeds prepared by various extraction techniques in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. Soxhlation extract of B. aristata (BAM-SX) and sonication extract of A. indica (AIM-SO) were most effective in inducing apoptosis in parental drug sensitive, as well as resistant cell type developed by repeated drug exposure. Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell cycle arrest preceded caspase-mediated apoptosis in HOS cells. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy enhanced cell death suggesting the cytoprotective role of autophagy. Combination studies of different methanolic extracts of BAM and AIM were performed, among which, the combination of BAM-SO and AIM-SO (BAAISO) was found to show synergism (IC50 10.27 µg/ml) followed by combination of BAM-MC and AIM-MC (BAAIMC) with respect to other combinations in the ratio of 1:1. BAAISO also showed synergism when it was added to cisplatin-resistant HOS cells (HCR). Chromatographic profiling of BAM-SX and AIM-SO by high performance thin layer chromatography resulted in identification of berberine (Rf 0.55), palmitine (Rf 0.50) in BAM-SX and azadirachtin A (Rf 0.36), azadirachtin B (Rf 0.56), nimbin (Rf 0.80), and nimbolide (Rf 0.43) in AIM-SO. The cytotoxic sensitivity obtained can be attributed to the above compounds. Our results highlight the importance of extraction technique and subsequent mechanism of action of multi-constituential B. aristata and A. indica against both sensitive and drug refractory HOS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pracheta Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sukanya Raman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - K Lohitesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Heena Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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Mukherjee S, Dash S, Lohitesh K, Chowdhury R. The dynamic role of autophagy and MAPK signaling in determining cell fate under cisplatin stress in osteosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179203. [PMID: 28598976 PMCID: PMC5466322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone malignancy commonly observed in children and adolescents. Sub-optimal therapy for years has irretrievably compromised the chances of OS patient survival; also, lack of extensive research on this rare disease has hindered therapeutic development. Cisplatin, a common anti-tumor drug, is currently an integral part of treatment regime for OS along with methotrexate and doxorubicin. However, toxicity issues associated with combination module impede OS therapy. Also, despite the proven benefits of cisplatin, acquisition of resistance remains a concern with cisplatin-based therapy. This prompted us to investigate the molecular effects of cisplatin exposure and changes associated with acquired resistance in OS cells. Cisplatin shock was found to activate MAPK signaling and autophagy in OS cells. An activation of JNK and autophagy acted as pro-survival strategy, while ERK1/2 triggered apoptotic signals upon cisplatin stress. A crosstalk between JNK and autophagy was observed. Maximal sensitivity to cisplatin was obtained with simultaneous inhibition of both autophagy and JNK pathway. Cisplatin resistant cells were further developed by repetitive drug exposure followed by clonal selection. The resistant cells showed an altered signaling circuitry upon cisplatin exposure. Our results provide valuable cues to possible molecular alterations that can be considered for development of improved therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhra Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - K. Lohitesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- * E-mail:
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Fageria L, Pareek V, Dilip RV, Bhargava A, Pasha SS, Laskar IR, Saini H, Dash S, Chowdhury R, Panwar J. Biosynthesized Protein-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Induce ROS-Dependent Proapoptotic Signals and Prosurvival Autophagy in Cancer Cells. ACS Omega 2017; 2:1489-1504. [PMID: 30023637 PMCID: PMC6044619 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedical applications has shown an unprecedented boost along with simultaneous expansion of rapid, high-yielding, and sustainable AgNP synthesis methods that can deliver particles with well-defined characteristics. The present study demonstrates the potential of metal-tolerant soil fungal isolate Penicillium shearii AJP05 for the synthesis of protein-capped AgNPs. The particles were characterized using standard techniques, namely, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The anticancer activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs was analyzed in two different cell types with varied origin, for example, epithelial (hepatoma) and mesenchymal (osteosarcoma). The biological NPs (bAgNPs) with fungal-derived outer protein coat were found to be more cytotoxic than bare bAgNPs or chemically synthesized AgNPs (cAgNPs). Elucidation of the molecular mechanism revealed that bAgNPs induce cytotoxicity through elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induction of apoptosis. Upregulation of autophagy and activation of JNK signaling were found to act as a prosurvival strategy upon bAgNP treatment, whereas ERK signaling served as a prodeath signal. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy increased the production of ROS, resulting in enhanced cell death. Finally, bAgNPs were also found to sensitize cells with acquired resistance to cisplatin, providing valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of bAgNPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a holistic idea about the molecular mechanisms behind the cytotoxic activity of protein-capped AgNPs synthesized using a metal-tolerant soil fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Fageria
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Vikram Pareek
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - R. Venkataramana Dilip
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sheik Saleem Pasha
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Inamur Rahaman Laskar
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Heena Saini
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Subhra Dash
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
- E-mail: . Tel: +91 1596 515608. Fax: +91 1596 244183 (R.C.)
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
- E-mail: . Tel: +91 1596 515728, Fax: +91 1596 244183 (J.P.)
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Rai A, Pradhan P, Nagraj J, Lohitesh K, Chowdhury R, Jalan S. Understanding cancer complexome using networks, spectral graph theory and multilayer framework. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41676. [PMID: 28155908 PMCID: PMC5290734 DOI: 10.1038/srep41676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer complexome comprises a heterogeneous and multifactorial milieu that varies in cytology, physiology, signaling mechanisms and response to therapy. The combined framework of network theory and spectral graph theory along with the multilayer analysis provides a comprehensive approach to analyze the proteomic data of seven different cancers, namely, breast, oral, ovarian, cervical, lung, colon and prostate. Our analysis demonstrates that the protein-protein interaction networks of the normal and the cancerous tissues associated with the seven cancers have overall similar structural and spectral properties. However, few of these properties implicate unsystematic changes from the normal to the disease networks depicting difference in the interactions and highlighting changes in the complexity of different cancers. Importantly, analysis of common proteins of all the cancer networks reveals few proteins namely the sensors, which not only occupy significant position in all the layers but also have direct involvement in causing cancer. The prediction and analysis of miRNAs targeting these sensor proteins hint towards the possible role of these proteins in tumorigenesis. This novel approach helps in understanding cancer at the fundamental level and provides a clue to develop promising and nascent concept of single drug therapy for multiple diseases as well as personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Rai
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Priodyuti Pradhan
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Jyothi Nagraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - K. Lohitesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sarika Jalan
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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Alam P, Dash S, Climent C, Kaur G, Choudhury AR, Casanova D, Alemany P, Chowdhury R, Laskar IR. ‘Aggregation induced emission’ active iridium(iii) complexes with applications in mitochondrial staining. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24792j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesized two new bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes exhibiting strong AIE, studied their luminescence by spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations and applied as a non-toxic bio-imaging probe for mitochondrial staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvej Alam
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
| | - Subhra Dash
- Department of Biology
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
| | - Claudia Climent
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- Donostia International Physics Center
- Donostia 20018
- Spain
| | - Pere Alemany
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biology
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani
- India
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Marik A, Naiya H, Das M, Mukherjee G, Basu S, Saha C, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharyya K, Seal A. Split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid interaction reveals a novel interaction between a natural resistance associated macrophage protein and a membrane bound thioredoxin in Brassica juncea. Plant Mol Biol 2016; 92:519-537. [PMID: 27534419 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural resistance associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) are evolutionarily conserved metal transporters involved in the transport of essential and nonessential metals in plants. Fifty protein interactors of a Brassica juncea NRAMP protein was identified by a Split-Ubiquitin Yeast-Two-Hybrid screen. The interactors were predicted to function as components of stress response, signaling, development, RNA binding and processing. BjNRAMP4.1 interactors were particularly enriched in proteins taking part in photosynthetic or light regulated processes, or proteins predicted to be localized in plastid/chloroplast. Further, many interactors also had a suggested role in cellular redox regulation. Among these, the interaction of a photosynthesis-related thioredoxin, homologous to Arabidopsis HCF164 (High-chlorophyll fluorescence164) was studied in detail. Homology modeling of BjNRAMP4.1 suggested that it could be redox regulated by BjHCF164. In yeast, the interaction between the two proteins was found to increase in response to metal deficiency; Mn excess and exogenous thiol. Excess Mn also increased the interaction in planta and led to greater accumulation of the complex at the root apoplast. Network analysis of Arabidopsis homologs of BjNRAMP4.1 interactors showed enrichment of many protein components, central to chloroplastic/cellular ROS signaling. BjNRAMP4.1 interacted with BjHCF164 at the root membrane and also in the chloroplast in accordance with its proposed function related to photosynthesis, indicating that this interaction occurred at different sub-cellular locations depending on the tissue. This may serve as a link between metal homeostasis and chloroplastic/cellular ROS through protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Marik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Haraprasad Naiya
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Madhumanti Das
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Gairik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Soumalee Basu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Chinmay Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kankan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Seal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Chowdhury S, Islam M, Chowdhury R, Chowdhury A, Rahman M. A health perspective of street children in Bangladesh. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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50
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Bhunia D, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharyya K, Ghosh S. Fluorescence fluctuation of an antigen-antibody complex: circular dichroism, FCS and smFRET of enhanced GFP and its antibody. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:25250-9. [PMID: 26353083 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of an antigen-antibody complex are monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single molecule FRET (smFRET). In this work, the antigen is enhanced GFP (EGFP) and the antibody is anti-EGFP VHH-His6. From FCS measurements, the hydrodynamic radius (rH) of EGFP and its antibody (VHH-His6) is found to be 24 ± 2 Å and 18 ± 2 Å, respectively. For the antigen-antibody complex (EGFP:anti-EGFP VHH-His6), rH is 41 ± 3 Å. CD spectra indicate that the addition of guanidium hydrochloride (GdnHCl) causes unfolding of the antigen, its antibody and their complex, and a consequent increase in size is observed from FCS data. smFRET between EGFP (donor, D) and Alexa 594 (acceptor, A) bound to anti-EGFP VHH-His6 reveals a time dependent fluctuation in donor-acceptor distances. This suggests that the structure of the antigen-antibody complex is dynamic in nature and is not rigid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Bhunia
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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