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Nania C, Noyek SE, Soltani S, Katz J, Fales J, Birnie KA, Orr SL, McMorris CA, Noel M. Peer victimization, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and chronic pain: A longitudinal examination. J Pain 2024:104534. [PMID: 38615800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) co-occur at high rates in youth and are linked to worse pain outcomes and quality of life. While peer victimization has been posited as a mechanism underlying the PTSS-pain relationship in youth, empirical evidence suggests that it may exacerbate both PTSS and pain. The present study aimed to longitudinally examine PTSS as a mediator in the relationship between peer victimization at baseline and pain-related outcomes at 3 months in youth with chronic pain. Participants included 182 youth aged 10-18 years recruited from a tertiary level children's hospital in Western Canada. At baseline, participants completed measures to assess pain (intensity and interference), peer victimization (relational and overt), and PTSS. Pain was re-assessed at 3-month follow-up. Primary hypotheses were tested utilizing a series of mediation analyses with PTSS as a proposed mediator in the associations between peer victimization and pain outcomes. Youth PTSS mediated the relationship between higher baseline relational victimization and higher 3-month pain interference, while controlling for baseline pain interference. Three-month pain intensity was not correlated with peer victimization; thus, pain intensity was not included in analyses. These findings reveal that PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence of peer victimization and chronic pain in youth. Further research is needed to better understand the role of peer victimization in the maintenance of chronic pain to ensure appropriate, effective, and timely interventions that address the social and mental health issues impacting the lives of these youth as well as their pain. PERSPECTIVE: PTSS may be an underlying factor in the co-occurrence between peer victimization and chronic pain in youth, highlighting the need to assess for both peer relationship problems and PTSS in youth with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nania
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - S E Noyek
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Soltani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Fales
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington
| | - K A Birnie
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S L Orr
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C A McMorris
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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Pigeon JJ, Franke P, Lim Pac Chong M, Katz J, Boni R, Dorrer C, Palastro JP, Froula DH. Ultrabroadband flying-focus using an axiparabola-echelon pair. Opt Express 2024; 32:576-585. [PMID: 38175083 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Flying-focus pulses promise to revolutionize laser-driven secondary sources by decoupling the trajectory of the peak intensity from the native group velocity of the medium over distances much longer than a Rayleigh range. Previous demonstrations of the flying focus have either produced an uncontrolled trajectory or a trajectory that is engineered using chromatic methods that limit the duration of the peak intensity to picosecond scales. Here we demonstrate a controllable ultrabroadband flying focus using a nearly achromatic axiparabola-echelon pair. Spectral interferometry using an ultrabroadband superluminescent diode was used to measure designed super- and subluminal flying-focus trajectories and the effective temporal pulse duration as inferred from the measured spectral phase. The measurements demonstrate that a nearly transform- and diffraction-limited moving focus can be created over a centimeter-scale-an extended focal region more than 50 Rayleigh ranges in length. This ultrabroadband flying-focus and the novel axiparabola-echelon configuration used to produce it are ideally suited for applications and scalable to >100 TW peak powers.
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Erchick DJ, Hazel EA, Katz J, Lee ACC, Diaz M, Wu LSF, Yoshida S, Bahl R, Grandi C, Labrique AB, Rashid M, Ahmed S, Roy AD, Haque R, Shaikh S, Baqui AH, Saha SK, Khanam R, Rahman S, Shapiro R, Zash R, Silveira MF, Buffarini R, Kolsteren P, Lachat C, Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Zeng L, Zhu Z, He J, Qiu X, Gebreyesus SH, Tesfamariam K, Bekele D, Chan G, Baye E, Workneh F, Asante KP, Kaali EB, Adu-Afarwuah S, Dewey KG, Gyaase S, Wylie BJ, Kirkwood BR, Manu A, Thulasiraj RD, Tielsch J, Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Babu GR, Shriyan P, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Ashorn U, Mangani C, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Mullany LC, Jehan F, Ilyas M, Rogerson SJ, Unger HW, Ghosh R, Musange S, Ramokolo V, Zembe-Mkabile W, Lazzerini M, Rishard M, Wang D, Fawzi WW, Minja DTR, Schmiegelow C, Masanja H, Smith E, Lusingu JPA, Msemo OA, Kabole FM, Slim SN, Keentupthai P, Mongkolchati A, Kajubi R, Kakuru A, Waiswa P, Walker D, Hamer DH, Semrau KEA, Chaponda EB, Chico RM, Banda B, Musokotwane K, Manasyan A, Pry JM, Chasekwa B, Humphrey J, Black RE. Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000-2021. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37156239 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541 285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021. DESIGN Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis. SETTING Subnational, population-based birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000-2021. POPULATION Liveborn infants. METHODS Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], nonLBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and prevalence of newborn types by region and study. RESULTS Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missing and plausible values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW (58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW (14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%), PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-Saharan Africa (34.9%). CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E A Hazel
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A C C Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Diaz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L S F Wu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Grandi
- Argentine Society of Paediatrics, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Rashid
- IntraHealth International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Ahmed
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A D Roy
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Haque
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - S Shaikh
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - A H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Shapiro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Zash
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M F Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R Buffarini
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - P Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Huybregts
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Roberfroid
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S H Gebreyesus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Baye
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Workneh
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K P Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - E B Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - S Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - K G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - S Gyaase
- Department of Statistics, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - B J Wylie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - B R Kirkwood
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Manu
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - J Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - S Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - G R Babu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Shriyan
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Maleta
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - C Mangani
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - S Acevedo-Gallegos
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M J Rodriguez-Sibaja
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ilyas
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H W Unger
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - R Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Musange
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - V Ramokolo
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Zembe-Mkabile
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- College Graduate of Studies, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Lazzerini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Rishard
- University Obstetrics Unit, De Soysa Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - D Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - W W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - C Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Masanja
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E Smith
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - O A Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - F M Kabole
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - S N Slim
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - P Keentupthai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - A Mongkolchati
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - R Kajubi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Waiswa
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Walker
- Institute for Global Health Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K E A Semrau
- Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity & Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E B Chaponda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - R M Chico
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Banda
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - K Musokotwane
- Health Specialist PMTCT and Pediatric AIDS, UNICEF, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A Manasyan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J M Pry
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B Chasekwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Humphrey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Filkins T, Rosenberg MJ, Bahr RE, Katz J, Ivancic ST. Calibration of the sub-aperture backscatter system on OMEGA EP. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:2890121. [PMID: 37166247 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The sub-aperture backscatter (SABS) diagnostic on the OMEGA EP Laser System [Waxer et al., Opt. Photonics News 16, 30 (2005)] is a diagnostic that is used to measure the backscattered and sidescattered light during laser-plasma interaction experiments [W. L. Kruer, The Physics of Laser Plasma Interactions, Frontiers in Physics Vol. 73, edited by D. Pines (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1988) and Myatt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 055501 (2014)] that are relevant to high-energy-density physics and inertial confinement fusion. The diagnostic collects stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) UV light at around 351 nm and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the visible-light regime in the 420-720-nm-wavelength range and provides spectrally and temporally resolved information. Five 1-in. light collectors, composed of a lens, ground glass diffuser, and coupling into a 300-μm fiber, are positioned behind the last steering mirror on one of the four beamlines to catch a portion of the beam cross section (∼1.5%) of the emission that is scattered into the beamline. The SRS light is collected in two light collectors, combined, and transported via graded index fibers to a streaked spectrometer. The SABS-SRS streak spectrometer has a temporal and spectral resolution of 100 ps and 1 nm, respectively. Three other light collectors collect, combine, and transport the SBS signal to a Hamamatsu high-voltage photodiode, where an oscilloscope digitizes the data, providing a time resolution of better than 1 ns. To obtain an absolute energy calibration of SRS measurements, light signals of known energy and wavelength were injected into the light collectors one at a time. The resulting counts on the streak camera charge-coupled device for SRS are then correlated with the incident fluence of scattered light at the light collector in order to allow a quantitative assessment of streak camera sensitivity to determine the energy of the scattered light during experiments. The measurements were performed in situ from the light collectors to the detectors. Additional offline measurements provided the transmission of the optics between the target chamber center and the light collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Filkins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R E Bahr
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Turnbull D, Katz J, Sherlock M, Divol L, Shaffer NR, Strozzi DJ, Colaïtis A, Edgell DH, Follett RK, McMillen KR, Michel P, Milder AL, Froula DH. Inverse Bremsstrahlung Absorption. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:145103. [PMID: 37084458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.145103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption was measured based on transmission through a finite-length plasma that was thoroughly characterized using spatially resolved Thomson scattering. Expected absorption was then calculated using the diagnosed plasma conditions while varying the absorption model components. To match data, it is necessary to account for (i) the Langdon effect; (ii) laser-frequency (rather than plasma-frequency) dependence in the Coulomb logarithm, as is typical of bremsstrahlung theories but not transport theories; and (iii) a correction due to ion screening. Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of inertial confinement fusion implosions have to date used a Coulomb logarithm from the transport literature and no screening correction. We anticipate that updating the model for collisional absorption will substantially revise our understanding of laser-target coupling for such implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turnbull
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore 94550, California, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore 94550, California, USA
| | - N R Shaffer
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
| | - D J Strozzi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore 94550, California, USA
| | - A Colaïtis
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Talence 33400, France
| | - D H Edgell
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
| | - R K Follett
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
| | - K R McMillen
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
| | - P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore 94550, California, USA
| | - A L Milder
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester 14623, New York, USA
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Katz J, Turnbull D, Ivancic ST, Milder AL, Froula DH. Measurement of laser absorption in underdense plasmas using near-field imaging of the incident and transmitted beams. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123510. [PMID: 36586936 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of laser absorption in high-temperature, underdense plasmas produced at the Omega Laser Facility are made using two near-field imaging detectors that diagnose the spatial profile and energy of the port P9 beam before and after it transmits through the plasma. The incident beam is sampled using a partial reflection from a full-aperture, (30 cm-diam) uncoated wedge pickoff located before the target chamber vacuum window and final focus lens assembly. A concave mirror reduces the reflected beam size, allowing it to be recorded directly using a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera. The P9 transmitted beam diagnostic (P9TBD) characterizes the transmitted light by terminating the expanded beam on a semi-transparent diffuser and imaging the illuminated surface using a lens and CCD camera. The P9TBD samples a numerical aperture twice as large as the input beam, allowing the energy of transmitted beams with moderate levels of beam spray to be measured accurately. Calibration shots with no plasma provide a path to infer absorption without absolute photometric calibration of either detector. The cross-calibration between the two detectors was measured to remain stable at ±200 ppm, enabling measurements of total beam absorption below 1% with ±0.07% error.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Birge N, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Danly C, Haines B, Ivancic ST, Jorgenson J, Katz J, Mendoza E, Sorce AT, Tafoya L, Wilde C, Volegov P. Instrument design for an inertial confinement fusion ion temperature imager. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113510. [PMID: 36461553 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A mix of contaminant mass is a known, performance-limiting factor for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF). It has also recently been shown that the contaminant mass is not necessarily in thermal equilibrium with the deuterium-tritium plasma [B. M. Haines et al., Nat. Commun. 11, 544 (2020)]. Contaminant mass temperature is one of the dominant uncertainties in contaminant mass estimates. The MixIT diagnostic is a new and potentially transformative diagnostic, capable of spatially resolving ion temperature. The approach combines principles of neutron time-of-flight and neutron imaging diagnostics. The information from the MixIT diagnostic can be used to optimize ICF target and laser drive designs as well as provide key constraints on ICF radiation-hydrodynamic simulations that are critical to contaminant mass estimates. This work details the design and optimization of the major components of the MixIT diagnostic: the neutron aperture, the neutron detector (scintillator), and the recording system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Birge
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | | | - C Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - B Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - E Mendoza
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - A T Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - L Tafoya
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - C Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - P Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
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8
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Edgell DH, Katz J, Raimondi R, Turnbull D, Froula DH. Scattered-light uniformity imager for diagnosing laser absorption asymmetries on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103515. [PMID: 36319322 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Light scattered from a target is the most-direct measurement for diagnosing laser absorption in a direct-drive implosion. Observations from OMEGA implosions show much larger scattered-light asymmetries than predictions. A new instrument has been developed to absolutely measure the scattered-light intensity and nonuniformity for the purpose of diagnosing the asymmetry. The scattered-light uniformity imager (SLUI) diagnostic records the variation in scattered-light intensity over a transmission diffuser using a charge-coupled device (CCD)/lens assembly. At the standard operating position, an 11.3° (f/2.5) cone of light is collected. A stray light baffle, debris shield, and antireflection absorbing filter are also incorporated into the diagnostic payload inserted into the target chamber. The imaging parts of the diagnostic (light baffle, vacuum window, filters, lens, and CCD camera) are located outside the target chamber. Five SLUIs have been built and deployed in OMEGA's ten-inch manipulator diagnostic ports, covering almost 5% of the emission surface, enabling an absolute scattered-light measurement should be within a few percent of the global average. Each SLUI system is calibrated offline, providing absolute scattered-light intensity measurements. Based on the measured point spread function, each diffuser plate image contains over 20 000 independent scattered-light absolute-intensity measurements of the variation over the collection cone. SLUI provides a platform to study scattered light and absorption asymmetries, and their possible sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Raimondi
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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9
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Katz J, Jhangimal M, Pon AY, Erausquin J, Flores-Millender E, Gonzalez M, Peralta M, Peña Y, Cabezas-Talavero G, Cabezón N, Pisario O, Gabster A. Involuntary Weight Loss and Dietary Patterns of Migrant Peoples Who Transit Through the Darien Forest in Panama: A Rapid Epidemiological Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Kabadi N, Adrian P, Stoeckl C, Sorce A, Sio HW, Bedzyk M, Evans T, Ivancic S, Katz J, Knauer J, Pearcy J, Weiner D, Betti R, Birkel A, Cao D, Johnson MG, Regan SP, Petrasso RD, Frenje J. The phase-2 particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous measurement of multiple x-ray and nuclear emission histories from OMEGA implosions (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103538. [PMID: 36319383 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is negligibly affected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion-temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The newly implemented phase-2 Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) utilizes four fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator-channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10-20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium-tritium fusion neutrons (DTn) from OMEGA Cryo-DT implosions. High quality data have been collected from warm implosions at OMEGA. These data have been used to infer spatially integrated Te(t) with <10% uncertainty at peak emission. Nuclear and x-ray emission histories are measured with 10 ps relative timing uncertainty for x rays and DTn and 12 ps for x rays and deuterium-He3 protons (D3Hep). A future upgrade to the system will enable spatially integrated Te(t) with 40 ps time-resolution from cryogenic DT implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Sorce
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H W Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Evans
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knauer
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Weiner
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Cao
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Milder AL, Zielinski J, Katz J, Rozmus W, Edgell D, Hansen A, Sherlock M, Bruulsema C, Palastro JP, Turnbull D, Froula DH. Direct Measurement of the Return Current Instability in a Laser-Produced Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:115002. [PMID: 36154407 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Measurements were made of the return current instability growth rate, demonstrating its concurrence with nonlocal transport. Thomson scattering was used to measure a maximum growth rate of 5.1×10^{9} Hz, which was 3 times less than classical Spitzer-Härm theory predicts. The measured plasma conditions indicate the heat flux was nonlocal, and Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations that account for nonlocality reproduce the measured growth rates. Furthermore, the threshold for the return current instability was measured (δ_{T}=0.017±0.002) to be in good agreement with previous theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Zielinski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Bruulsema
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Erectile dysfunction and COVID-19 share similar risk factors, including vascular disruption of integrity, cytokine release, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between erectile dysfunction and COVID-19 patients. METHODS Odds ratio for erectile dysfunction in patients with a history of COVID-19 with and without comorbidities were calculated using a patients' registry platform i2b2. ICD-10 diagnoses codes were accessed for queries and data were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 were 3.3 times more likely to have erectile dysfunction with 95% CI (2.8, 3.8). The association became stronger with odds ratio 4.8 (95% CI (4.1, 5.7)) after adjusting for age groups. The odds ratio remained the same after adjusting for smoking status with 3.5 (95% CI (3.0, 4.1)). After adjusting for race, COVID-19 patients were 2.6 (95% CI (2.2, 3.1)) times more likely to have erectile dysfunction. The odds ratio were 1.6, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.3 after adjusting for respiratory disease, obesity, circulatory disease and diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSION COVID-19 and erectile dysfunction are strongly associated even after adjustment for known risk factors and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Katz
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, POB 100414-0414, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - S Yue
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - W Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - H Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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13
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Swadling GF, Bruulsema C, Rozmus W, Katz J. Quantitative assessment of fitting errors associated with streak camera noise in Thomson scattering data analysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043503. [PMID: 35489941 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thomson scattering measurements in high energy density experiments are often recorded using optical streak cameras. In the low-signal regime, noise introduced by the streak camera can become an important and sometimes the dominant source of measurement uncertainty. In this paper, we present a formal method of accounting for the presence of streak camera noise in our measurements. We present a phenomenological description of the noise generation mechanisms and present a statistical model that may be used to construct the covariance matrix associated with a given measurement. This model is benchmarked against simulations of streak camera images. We demonstrate how this covariance may then be used to weight fitting of the data and provide quantitative assessments of the uncertainty in the fitting parameters determined by the best fit to the data and build confidence in the ability to make statistically significant measurements in the low-signal regime, where spatial correlations in the noise become apparent. These methods will have general applicability to other measurements made using optical streak cameras.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Av., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Bruulsema
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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14
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Panneer-Selvam N, Alamoudi A, Riley III J, Katz J. Does Drug Holiday Affect Jaw Trabeculation in Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw? – A Pilot Study. J Clin Exp Dent 2022; 14:e341-e348. [PMID: 35419174 PMCID: PMC9000388 DOI: 10.4317/jced.59503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Swadling GF, Katz J. Novel design for a polarizing DUV spectrometer using a Wollaston prism and its application as a diagnostic for measuring Thomson scattering data in the presence of strong self-emission backgrounds. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:013501. [PMID: 35104982 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel design for an optical spectrometer for use in ultraviolet Thomson scattering measurements of plasma parameters in high energy density (HED) inertial confinement fusion experiments on large-scale high-energy laser facilities. In experiments investigating high-Z plasmas, the fidelity of measurements is commonly limited by signal/background ratios approaching or exceeding unity. An alpha barium borate Wollaston prism can provide both spectral dispersion and polarization channel separation, allowing simultaneous measurement of both the Thomson scattering signal and plasma self-emission along a single line of sight and in a single experiment, which should greatly improve data quality and reduce the opportunity cost of taking high quality measurements. We present a basic discussion of the design and a worked example of an instrument designed to take fourth harmonic electron plasma wave measurements in HED experiments at the OMEGA laser facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Swadling
- Lawrenece Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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16
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Katz J, Cabezas Talavero G, De Argote M, Murillo A, Gabster A. Consumption of Sugary Drinks and Alcohol, and Factors Associated with Increased Fast-Food Consumption Among Adults, During Panama’s COVID-19 Lockdown. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Edgell DH, Radha PB, Katz J, Shvydky A, Turnbull D, Froula DH. Nonuniform Absorption and Scattered Light in Direct-Drive Implosions Driven by Polarization Smoothing. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:075001. [PMID: 34459636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-direct-drive symmetric implosions on OMEGA illuminate a target with 60 laser beams and are designed to produce spherical implosions. Each beam is smoothed using orthogonal polarizations obtained by passing the laser beams through distributed polarization rotators (DPRs). Observations of light scattered from OMEGA implosions do not show the expected symmetry and have much larger variation than standard predictions. For the first time, we have quantified the scattered-light nonuniformity from individual beams and identified the DPRs as the source of the enhanced nonuniformity. An instrument was invented that isolated and measured the variation in the intensity and polarization of the light scattered from each OMEGA beam. The asymmetric intensity and polarization measurements are explained when the on-target offsets between the two orthogonal polarizations produced by the DPRs are modeled using a 3D cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) code that tracks the polarizations of each beam. The time-integrated nonuniformity in laser absorption and scattered light due to CBET and the DPR polarization offsets during high-performance OMEGA implosions is predicted to be significant and dominated by low spherical harmonic mode numbers. The nonuniformity is predicted to be greatly reduced by replacing the DPRs with new optics that create smaller offsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A Shvydky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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18
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Milder AL, Katz J, Boni R, Palastro JP, Sherlock M, Rozmus W, Froula DH. Measurements of Non-Maxwellian Electron Distribution Functions and Their Effect on Laser Heating. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:015001. [PMID: 34270287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron velocity distribution functions driven by inverse bremsstrahlung heating are measured to be non-Maxwellian using a novel angularly resolved Thomson-scattering instrument and the corresponding reduction of electrons at slow velocities results in a ∼40% measured reduction in inverse bremsstrahlung absorption. The distribution functions are measured to be super-Gaussian in the bulk (v/v_{th}<3) and Maxwellian in the tail (v/v_{th}>3) when the laser heating rate dominates over the electron-electron thermalization rate. Simulations with the particle code quartz show the shape of the tail is dictated by the uniformity of the laser heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Milder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D H Froula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Curtis K, Katz J, Djaiani C, O'Leary G, Uehling J, Carroll J, Santa Mina D, Clarke H, Gofeld M, Katznelson R. Evaluation of a Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Intervention in Individuals with Fibromyalgia. Pain Med 2021; 22:1324-1332. [PMID: 33594439 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). DESIGN A cohort study with a delayed treatment arm used as a comparator. SETTING Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada. SUBJECTS Eighteen patients diagnosed with FM according to the American College of Rheumatology and a score ≥60 on the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. METHODS Participants were randomized to receive immediate HBOT intervention (n = 9) or HBOT after a 12-week waiting period (n = 9). HBOT was delivered at 100% oxygen at 2.0 atmospheres per session, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks. Safety was evaluated by the frequency and severity of adverse effects reported by patients. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment, retention, and HBOT compliance rates. Both groups were assessed at baseline, after HBOT intervention, and at 3 months' follow-up. Validated assessment tools were used to evaluate pain, psychological variables, fatigue, and sleep quality. RESULTS A total of 17 patients completed the study. One patient withdrew after randomization. HBOT-related adverse events included mild middle-ear barotrauma in three patients and new-onset myopia in four patients. The efficacy of HBOT was evident in most of the outcomes in both groups. This improvement was sustained at 3-month follow-up assessment. CONCLUSION HBOT appears to be feasible and safe for individuals with FM. It is also associated with improved global functioning, reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improved quality of sleep that was sustained at 3-month follow-up assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Curtis
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Djaiani
- Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G O'Leary
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Uehling
- Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Carroll
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Santa Mina
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Clarke
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Gofeld
- Silver Medical Group, North York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Katznelson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Edgell DH, Hansen AM, Katz J, Turnbull D, Froula DH. Unabsorbed light beamlets for diagnosing coronal density profiles and absorption nonuniformity in direct-drive implosions on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043525. [PMID: 34243428 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser light scattered from a target is the most-direct measurement for diagnosing laser absorption in a direct-drive implosion. The 3ω gated optical imager beamlets diagnostic images unabsorbed light from all 60 OMEGA beams as distinct "beamlet" spots for each beam. The implosion can be diagnosed using the position and intensity of these beamlets. The position of each beamlet in the image is determined by refraction and can be used to fit the coronal plasma density profile of the implosion. The inferred plasma density profiles are comparable to the profiles predicted by the 1D hydrodynamics code LILAC but suggest that the predictions underestimate the density farther out in the corona. The intensity of light in each spot depends on the cumulative effects of absorption and cross-beam energy transfer along the beamlet's path through the corona. The measured variation in intensity and polarization between similar spots indicates that absorption during OMEGA implosions is less uniform than previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Katz J, Turnbull D, Kruschwitz BE, Rigatti AL, Rinefierd R, Froula DH. A transmitted-beam diagnostic for the wavelength-tunable UV drive beam on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033526. [PMID: 33820096 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A transmitted-beam diagnostic (P9TBD) was developed as part of a new experimental platform used to study laser-plasma interactions on OMEGA. Located in the opposing port to the wavelength-tunable (350 nm to 353 nm) UV drive beam, the P9TBD characterizes the beam after it propagates through an undersense plasma. The instrument consists of a large-aperture window that allows light to exit the target chamber and project onto a thin sheet of semi-transparent diffuser material. Light transmitted through the diffuser is recorded using a time-integrated camera and a fiber-optically coupled streaked spectrometer, providing measurements of the energy, power, fluence, polarization, and spectrum of the transmitted beam. The diagnostic enables direct observation of a variety of cross-beam energy transfer phenomena, such as wavelength detuning, polarization effects, and gain saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - B E Kruschwitz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A L Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Rinefierd
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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22
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Hansen AM, Nguyen KL, Turnbull D, Albright BJ, Follett RK, Huff R, Katz J, Mastrosimone D, Milder AL, Yin L, Palastro JP, Froula DH. Cross-Beam Energy Transfer Saturation by Ion Heating. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:075002. [PMID: 33666470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We measure cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) saturation by ion heating in a gas-jet plasma characterized using Thomson scattering. A wavelength-tunable ultraviolet (UV) probe laser beam interacts with four intense UV pump beams to drive large-amplitude ion-acoustic waves. For the highest-intensity interactions, the power transfer to the probe laser drops, demonstrating ion-acoustic wave saturation. Over this time, the ion temperature is measured to increase by a factor of 7 during the 500-ps interaction. Particle-in-cell simulations show ion trapping and a subsequent ion heating consistent with measurements. Linear kinetic CBET models are found to agree well with the observed energy transfer when the measured plasma conditions are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K L Nguyen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Huff
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Mastrosimone
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Kabadi N, Sorce A, Stoeckl C, Sio HW, Adrian P, Bedzyk M, Frenje J, Katz J, Knauer J, Pearcy J, Weiner D, Aguirre BA, Betti R, Birkel A, Cao D, Gatu Johnson M, Patel D, Petrasso RD, Regan SP. A multi-channel x-ray temporal diagnostic for measurement of time-resolved electron temperature in cryogenic deuterium-tritium implosions at OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023507. [PMID: 33648078 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is unaffected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The proposed diagnostic utilizes five fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10 keV-20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium-tritium fusion neutrons. Initial data collected using a prototype nosecone on the existing neutron temporal diagnostic demonstrate the validity of this diagnostic technique. The proposed system will be capable of measuring spatially integrated Te(t) with 20 ps time resolution and <10% uncertainty at peak emission in cryogenic DT implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Sorce
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H W Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knauer
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Weiner
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B A Aguirre
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Betti
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Cao
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Patel
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Gatu Johnson M, Aguirre B, Armstrong J, Fooks JA, Forrest C, Frenje JA, Glebov VY, Hoppe M, Katz J, Knauer JP, Martin W, Parker CE, Reynolds HG, Schoff ME, Séguin FH, Sorce C, Sperry B, Stoeckl C, Petrasso RD. Using millimeter-sized carbon-deuterium foils for high-precision deuterium-tritium neutron spectrum measurements in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion at the OMEGA laser facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023503. [PMID: 33648107 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Millimeter-sized CD foils fielded close (order mm) to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions have been proposed as a game-changer for improving energy resolution and allowing time-resolution in neutron spectrum measurements using the magnetic recoil technique. This paper presents results from initial experiments testing this concept for direct drive ICF at the OMEGA Laser Facility. While the foils are shown to produce reasonable signals, inferred spectral broadening is seen to be high (∼5 keV) and signal levels are low (by ∼20%) compared to expectation. Before this type of foil is used for precision experiments, the foil mount must be improved, oxygen uptake in the foils must be better characterized, and impact of uncontrolled foil motion prior to detection must be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Aguirre
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Armstrong
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Martin
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C E Parker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H G Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M E Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Sperry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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McEachron J, Zhou N, Spencer C, Chatterton C, Shanahan L, Katz J, Naegele S, Singhal P, Lee Y. Outcomes of MSI high advanced-stage endometrial cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiation versus chemotherapy alone. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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McEachron J, Zhou N, Spencer C, Shanahan L, Chatterton C, Naegele S, Katz J, Singhal P, Lee Y. Evaluation of the optimal sequence of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Depierreux S, Tassin V, Neuville C, Katz J. Requirements for a 4ω Thomson scattering system on megajoule scale laser facilities. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:083508. [PMID: 32872909 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the arrival of megajoule class laser facilities, the features of laser-produced plasmas are evolving toward unprecedented high electron temperatures reached in the environment of a cm-scale indirect-drive Hohlraum for a few tens of nanoseconds. In this context, the need for in situ experimental characterization of the plasma parameters becomes critical in order to test hydrodynamics simulations in these novel conditions. Taking advantage of the progress achieved in the last 40 years, Thomson scattering has become a classic diagnostic in the characterization of laser produced plasmas. However, the many beam configuration of the megajoule scale experiments makes the measurements increasingly complex because the Thomson scattering signals produced by the 351 nm heaters themselves dominate the plasma emission around 263 nm, a wavelength range typically of interest when a 4ω Thomson probe is used. This paper reviews the requirements for and the potential of a 4ω Thomson scattering system to be operated on such 351 nm megajoule scale facilities in order to characterize the hot (Te > 3 keV) plasmas produced in the indirect-drive irradiation of a Hohlraum. It is found that the configuration of the diagnostic could be optimized in order to enable the detection of the ion acoustic resonances over a large domain of plasma parameters. The results for the electron plasma wave resonances are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Tassin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Abstract
In this survey, 6,850 Baltimore residents aged 40 and older were interviewed about activities they had difficulty doing or could no longer do because of poor vision. One-fourth of the sample reported limitations in activities, most frequently reading and other near-vision tasks, because of poor vision. In addition to poor vision, general health status, educational level, and time since the last eye care visit were associated with the loss of visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Katz
- International Health, Ophthalmology, and Biostatistics Department, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room 5515, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103
| | - J.M. Tielsch
- International Health, Ophthalmology, and Epidemiology Department, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room 5515, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103
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Gopalakrishnan C, Franklin J, Jin Y, Solomon D, Katz J, Lee Y, Franklin P, Lii J, Desai RJ, Kim S. OP0071 PREDICTING PERSISTENT HIGH-DOSE OPIOID USE AFTER TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) are at increased risk of persistent opioid use and dependenceObjectives:To identify patients with persistent high-dose opioid use after TKR using group-based trajectory models (GBTM) and determine predictors of persistent high-dose opioid users using pre-TKR patient characteristicsMethods:Using US Medicare claims (2010-2014), we identified patients aged ≥65 years who underwent a TKR and had no history of cancer or high-dose opioid use (>25 mean morphine equivalents (MME)/day) in the year prior. All patients were continuously enrolled in Medicare for ≥360 days prior to and ≥30 days after the TKR. To determine opioid filling patterns after the surgery, patients were followed up to 360 days from the day of TKR. We modeled 12 monthly indicators of opioid prescription fills as a continuous (MME/day) variable using a censored normal GBTM and categorized patients into 4 groups. The primary outcome was persistent high-dose opioid use defined as patients in trajectory Group 3 (38.8 MME/day) or Group 4 (22.4 MME/day). We split the data into training (2010-2013 data) and test (2014 data) sets and used logistic regression to predict high-dose opioid use vs low-dose opioid use (Groups 1 and 2) as a binary outcome utilizing pre-TKR patient characteristics as candidate predictors using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression for variable selection. A reduced model with only 10 pre-specified variables readily available for clinical use was also consideredResults:The final study cohort included 142,089 patients. The GBTM identified 4 distinct trajectories (Group 1- Short-term, low-dose, Group 2- long-term, low-dose, Group 3- medium-term, high-dose, Group 4-long-term, high-dose) of opioid use in the year after TKR(Figure). Using logistic regression and LASSO, we predicted the probability of persistent high-dose opioid use (N=17,171) (vs. low-dose opioid use) in the training set (N=101,810) for an AUC=0.80. The AUC in the test set (N=40,279) predicting high opioid use (N=5,893) was 0.77. The final model selected 33 variables and identified baseline history of opioid use as the strongest positive predictor of high-dose persistent opioid use. The reduced model with only ten predictors also performed equally well (AUC=0.77)(Table).Conclusion:In this cohort of older patients with no history of cancer or high-dose opioid use at baseline, 16.2% became high dose (28.1 MME/day) opioid users during the year after TKR. Our prediction model with 10 readily available clinical factors may help identify patients at high risk of future adverse outcomes from persistent opioid use and dependence after TKRFigure. Trajectories of opioid use patterns after TKRTable.Predictors of persistent high-dose opioid use in the reduced modeVariableMultivariable Odds Ratio (95% CI)Predicting High dose vs.Low dose opioid useP-valueAge (in years)0.94 (0.93-0.94)<0.001Females (Ref=Males)0.99 (0.93-1.06)0.78White race (Ref=Other)1.25 (1.04-1.50)0.02Baseline opioid use (MME/day)1.22 (1.22-1.23)<0.001Substance use (Yes/No)1.10 (1.02-1.20)0.02Benzodiazepine use (Yes/No)1.22 (1.12-1.32)<0.001Anxiolytic use (Yes/No)1.30 (1.19-1.43)<0.001Anticonvulsant use (Yes/No)0.94 (0.87-1.03)0.19Antidepressant use (Yes/No)1.03 (0.96-1.11)0.36NSAID use (Yes/No)1.07 (1.00-1.14)0.04Disclosure of Interests:Chandrasekar Gopalakrishnan: None declared, Jessica Franklin: None declared, Yinzhu Jin: None declared, Daniel Solomon Grant/research support from: Funding from Abbvie and Amgen unrelated to this work, Jeffrey Katz Grant/research support from: Dr Katz reported receiving grants from Samumed and Flexion Therapeutics outside the submitted work., Yvonne Lee Shareholder of: Cigna-Express Scripts, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Highland Instruments, Inc., Patricia Franklin: None declared, Joyce Lii: None declared, Rishi J Desai Grant/research support from: Dr. Desai reported receiving grants from Bayer, Novartis, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work., Seoyoung Kim Grant/research support from: Seoyoung C Kim has received research grants from AbbVie, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer.
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Swadling GF, Bruulsema C, Fiuza F, Higginson DP, Huntington CM, Park HS, Pollock BB, Rozmus W, Rinderknecht HG, Katz J, Birkel A, Ross JS. Measurement of Kinetic-Scale Current Filamentation Dynamics and Associated Magnetic Fields in Interpenetrating Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:215001. [PMID: 32530650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the first local, quantitative measurements of ion current filamentation and magnetic field amplification in interpenetrating plasmas, characterizing the dynamics of the ion Weibel instability. The interaction of a pair of laser-generated, counterpropagating, collisionless, supersonic plasma flows is probed using optical Thomson scattering (TS). Analysis of the TS ion-feature revealed anticorrelated modulations in the density of the two ion streams at the spatial scale of the ion skin depth c/ω_{pi}=120 μm, and a correlated modulation in the plasma current. The inferred current profile implies a magnetic field amplitude ∼30±6 T, corresponding to ∼1% of the flow kinetic energy, indicating that magnetic trapping is the dominant saturation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C Bruulsema
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Le Pape S, Divol L, Huser G, Katz J, Kemp A, Ross JS, Wallace R, Wilks S. Plasma Collision in a Gas Atmosphere. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:025003. [PMID: 32004037 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the impact of a gas atmosphere on the collision of two counterpropagating plasmas (gold and carbon). Imaging optical Thomson scattering data of the plasma collision with and without helium in between have been obtained at the Omega laser facility. Without gas, we observed large scale mixing of colliding gold and carbon ions. Once ambient helium is added, the two plasmas remain separated. The difference in ionic temperature is consistent with a reduction of the maximum Mach number of the flow from M=7 to M=4. It results in a reduction of a factor ∼10 of the counterstreaming ion-ion mean free path. By adding a low-density ambient gas, it is possible to control the collision of two high-velocity counterstreaming plasma, transitioning from an interpenetrating regime to a regime in agreement with a hydrodynamic description.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- LULI-CNRS École Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Huser
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyeres-le-Chatel, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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32
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Milder AL, Le HP, Sherlock M, Franke P, Katz J, Ivancic ST, Shaw JL, Palastro JP, Hansen AM, Begishev IA, Rozmus W, Froula DH. Evolution of the Electron Distribution Function in the Presence of Inverse Bremsstrahlung Heating and Collisional Ionization. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:025001. [PMID: 32004052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The picosecond evolution of non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions was measured in a laser-produced plasma using collective electron plasma wave Thomson scattering. During the laser heating, the distribution was measured to be approximately super-Gaussian due to inverse bremsstrahlung heating. After the heating laser turned off, collisional ionization caused further modification to the distribution function while increasing electron density and decreasing temperature. Electron distribution functions were determined using Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations including atomic kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Milder
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Franke
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Patel P, Katz J, Molina M, Reis I, Clavijo R, Ramasamy R. 323 Phase II, Open-label, Randomized, Clinical Trial Evaluating Two Schedules of Low-intensity Shockwave Therapy for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Behman R, Cleary S, McHardy P, Kiss A, Sawyer J, Ladak SSJ, McCluskey SA, Srinivas C, Katz J, Coburn N, Law C, Wei AC, Greig P, Hallet J, Clarke H, Karanicolas PJ. Predictors of Post-operative Pain and Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Liver Surgery. World J Surg 2019; 43:2579-2586. [PMID: 31187246 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-operative pain management is a critical component of perioperative care. Patients at risk of poorly controlled post-operative pain may benefit from early measures to optimize pain management. We sought to identify risk factors for post-operative pain and opioid consumption in patients undergoing liver resection. METHODS This is a multi-institutional prospective nested cohort study of patients undergoing open liver resection. Opioid consumption and pain scores were collected following surgery. To estimate the effects of patient factors on opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents-OME) and on pain scores (NRS-11), we used generalized linear models and multivariable linear regression model, respectively. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-three patients who underwent open liver resection between 2013 and 2016 were included in the study. The mean patient age was 62.2 years, and 43.3% were female. Younger patients were significantly more likely to use more opioids in the early post-operative period (16.7 OME/10 years, p < 0.001). Patient factors that were significantly associated with increased NRS-11 pain scores also included younger patient age (difference in pain score of 0.3/10 years with cough and 0.2/10 years at rest, p < 0.01 for both) as well as a history of analgesic use (difference in pain score of 0.9 with cough and 0.6 at rest, p < 0.01 and p = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION Younger patients and those with a history of analgesic use are more likely to report higher post-operative pain and require higher doses of opioids. Early identification of these patients, and measures to better manage their pain, may contribute to optimal perioperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Behman
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, T2-016, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - S Cleary
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - P McHardy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Kiss
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Sawyer
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S S J Ladak
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S A McCluskey
- Pain Research Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Srinivas
- Pain Research Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Pain Research Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Coburn
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, T2-016, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Law
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, T2-016, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A C Wei
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Greig
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Hallet
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, T2-016, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - H Clarke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Pain Research Unit, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - P J Karanicolas
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, T2-016, Toronto, ON, M4N3M5, Canada.
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Davies AS, Haberberger D, Katz J, Bucht S, Palastro JP, Rozmus W, Froula DH. Picosecond Thermodynamics in Underdense Plasmas Measured with Thomson Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:155001. [PMID: 31050505 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.155001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolutions of the electron density and temperature in a laser-produced plasma were measured using collective Thomson scattering. Unprecedented picosecond time resolution, enabled by a pulse-front-tilt compensated spectrometer, revealed a transition in the plasma-wave dynamics from an initially cold, collisional state to a quasistationary, collisionless state. The Thomson-scattering spectra were compared with theoretical calculations of the fluctuation spectrum using either a conventional Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator or the rigorous Landau collision terms: the BGK model overestimates the electron temperature by 50% in the most-collisional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Davies
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Bucht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Theoretical Physics Institute, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Katz J, Molina M, Clavijo R, Soodana N, Ramasamy R. 161 A Phase II Randomized Trial to Evaluate Different Dose Regimens of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Erchick DJ, Rai B, Agrawal NK, Khatry SK, Katz J, LeClerq SC, Reynolds MA, Mullany LC. Oral hygiene, prevalence of gingivitis, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30611255 PMCID: PMC6321675 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral health status of pregnant women in low-resource communities such as Nepal has not been well characterized. This sub-population is also of specific interest given associations between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes previously documented in other settings. We explored relationships between gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Methods The design was a community-based, cross-sectional study in a sub-area of Sarlahi District, Nepal. Pregnant women < 26 weeks gestation underwent clinical periodontal exams conducted by community-based oral health workers. Exams included a full mouth assessment measuring bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) (six sites per tooth), and gingival recession, the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the free gingival margin (two direct sites per tooth). Data on participant risk factors were collected through household surveys, including demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, care seeking, and health attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. Results We enrolled 1452 participants, of which 40% (n = 582) had signs of clinical gingivitis and 60% (n = 870) clinical health. Average participant age was 23. Most participants (88%) had never received oral health care. Participants averaged 10% of sites with BOP with most (79%) having ≥1 site with BOP. Nine percent of participants had ≥1 site with PD ≥4 mm, although very few participants (0.7%) had sites with PD ≥5 mm. Few participants (13%) had any recession (≥1 mm). In the final adjusted model, odds of gingivitis increased by 3% for each year of age (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and were higher for women of short maternal stature (< 150 cm) (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.79) and among women reporting cost to be a barrier to seeking dental care (aOR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.15). Conclusions Gingivitis was common and associated with age, maternal stature, self-reported high cost of dental care, and other risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - B Rai
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N K Agrawal
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gatu Johnson M, Katz J, Forrest C, Frenje JA, Glebov VY, Li CK, Paguio R, Parker CE, Robillard C, Sangster TC, Schoff M, Séguin FH, Stoeckl C, Petrasso RD. Measurement of apparent ion temperature using the magnetic recoil spectrometer at the OMEGA laser facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10I129. [PMID: 30399924 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) at the OMEGA laser facility has been routinely used to measure deuterium-tritium (DT) yield and areal density in cryogenically layered implosions since 2008. Recently, operation of the OMEGA MRS in higher-resolution mode with a new smaller, thinner (4 cm2, 57 μm thick) CD2 conversion foil has also enabled inference of the apparent DT ion temperature (T ion) from MRS data. MRS-inferred T ion compares well with T ion as measured using neutron time-of-flight spectrometers, which is important as it demonstrates good understanding of the very different systematics associated with the two independent measurements. The MRS resolution in this configuration, ΔE MRS = 0.91 MeV FWHM, is still higher than that required for a high-precision T ion measurement. We show how fielding a smaller foil closer to the target chamber center and redesigning the MRS detector array could bring the resolution to ΔE MRS = 0.45 MeV, reducing the systematic T ion uncertainty by more than a factor of 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C E Parker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Robillard
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Hansen AM, Haberberger D, Katz J, Mastrosimone D, Follett RK, Froula DH. Supersonic gas-jet characterization with interferometry and Thomson scattering on the OMEGA Laser System. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C103. [PMID: 30399792 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A supersonic gas-jet target platform has been activated on the OMEGA Laser System. An analytic model for gas dynamics in a supersonic nozzle was used to predict gas-plume parameters and to design nozzles for use in laser-plasma experiments. The gas-jet system was analyzed with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to study neutral density and with Thomson scattering to study plasma parameters on the OMEGA Laser System. These initial measurements demonstrate the capabilities of the OMEGA gas jet as a platform for future laser-plasma interaction science.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Mastrosimone
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Edgell DH, Katz J, Turnbull DP, Froula DH. Unabsorbed light beamlets for diagnosing cross-beam energy transfer. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10E101. [PMID: 30399728 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new diagnostic has been fielded on OMEGA to diagnose cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) during direct-drive implosions. Unabsorbed light from each OMEGA laser beam is imaged as a distinct "spot" onto a gated optical imager. Each spot is in essence the endpoint of a beamlet of light that originates from different regions of each beam profile and follows a path determined by refraction. The intensity of light in the beamlet varies along its path as a result of absorption and CBET with other beamlets. This diagnostic allows the investigation of the effects of CBET on laser energy from specific locations of the beam profile. The diagnostic records images in two 200-ps time windows and includes a Wollaston prism to split each beamlet into two orthogonal polarizations recorded on separate images, allowing the absolute polarization of each beamlet to be determined. This diagnostic has provided the first evidence of polarization rotation caused by CBET during direct-drive implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D P Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Henchen RJ, Sherlock M, Rozmus W, Katz J, Cao D, Palastro JP, Froula DH. Observation of Nonlocal Heat Flux Using Thomson Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:125001. [PMID: 30296110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonlocal heat flux was measured in laser-produced coronal plasmas using a novel Thomson scattering technique. The measured heat flux was smaller than the classical values inferred from the measured plasma conditions in regions with large temperature gradients and agreed with classical values for weak gradients. Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations self-consistently calculated the electron distribution functions used to reproduce the measured Thomson scattering spectra and to determine the heat flux. Multigroup nonlocal simulations overestimated the measured heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Henchen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Turnbull D, Franke P, Katz J, Palastro JP, Begishev IA, Boni R, Bromage J, Milder AL, Shaw JL, Froula DH. Ionization Waves of Arbitrary Velocity. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:225001. [PMID: 29906187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flying focus is a technique that uses a chirped laser beam focused by a highly chromatic lens to produce an extended focal region within which the peak laser intensity can propagate at any velocity. When that intensity is high enough to ionize a background gas, an ionization wave will track the intensity isosurface corresponding to the ionization threshold. We report on the demonstration of such ionization waves of arbitrary velocity. Subluminal and superluminal ionization fronts were produced that propagated both forward and backward relative to the ionizing laser. All backward and all superluminal cases mitigated the issue of ionization-induced refraction that typically inhibits the formation of long, contiguous plasma channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turnbull
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Franke
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Boni
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Bromage
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A L Milder
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Lubon AJ, Erchick DJ, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Agrawal NK, Reynolds MA, Katz J, Mullany LC. Oral health knowledge, behavior, and care seeking among pregnant and recently-delivered women in rural Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:97. [PMID: 29859084 PMCID: PMC5984796 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health behavior and attitudes of pregnant women in low-income countries are rarely examined, yet should be considered when designing preventative or therapeutic studies to reduce burden of oral diseases. We aimed to understand dental care-seeking behavior, as well as oral health knowledge and attitudes of oral health among pregnant women in rural Nepal. METHODS Semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 16) and focus group discussions (3 groups, n = 23) were conducted among pregnant and recently-delivered women in Sarlahi, Nepal. Transcripts were translated from the local language to English then analyzed using a hybrid approach to thematic coding with Atlas.ti version 7. RESULTS Women felt confident describing the signs and symptoms of tooth decay and gum disease, but were not knowledgeable about where to receive care for tooth and/or gum pain and relied heavily on the knowledge of their community. Some women used a toothbrush and toothpaste at least once a day to clean their teeth, but many reported the traditional use of a branch of a local shrub or tree as their teeth cleaning instrument. Women suggested a willingness to consider using an oral rinse throughout pregnancy, perceiving that it might have a positive impact on infant health. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should focus on providing adequate and sustainable resources for pregnant women in Nepal and other low income settings to engage in good oral health behaviors (possibly supported through community-based workers), to maintain dental hygiene, and to access qualified dentists as a means of improving their oral health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Lubon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - D. J. Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - S. K. Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project – Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - S. C. LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project – Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - N. K. Agrawal
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M. A. Reynolds
- Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - L. C. Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Aylward CM, Murdoch JD, Donovan TM, Kilpatrick CW, Bernier C, Katz J. Estimating distribution and connectivity of recolonizing American marten in the northeastern United States using expert elicitation techniques. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Aylward
- Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Program Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | - J. D. Murdoch
- Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Program Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | - T. M. Donovan
- U. S. Geological Survey Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | | | - C. Bernier
- Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife Springfield VT USA
| | - J. Katz
- Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
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Muller SA, Kaczala DN, Abu-Shawareb HM, Alfonso EL, Carlson LC, Mauldin M, Fitzsimmons P, Lamb D, Tzeferacos P, Chen L, Gregori G, Rigby A, Bott A, White TG, Froula D, Katz J. Evolution of the Design and Fabrication of Astrophysics Targets for Turbulent Dynamo (TDYNO) Experiments on OMEGA. Fusion Science and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1396097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Muller
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - D. N. Kaczala
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | | | - E. L. Alfonso
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - L. C. Carlson
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - M. Mauldin
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - P. Fitzsimmons
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - D. Lamb
- University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - P. Tzeferacos
- University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - L. Chen
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G. Gregori
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A. Rigby
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A. Bott
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T. G. White
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D. Froula
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623
| | - J. Katz
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623
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Rinderknecht HG, Park HS, Ross JS, Amendt PA, Higginson DP, Wilks SC, Haberberger D, Katz J, Froula DH, Hoffman NM, Kagan G, Keenan BD, Vold EL. Highly Resolved Measurements of a Developing Strong Collisional Plasma Shock. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:095001. [PMID: 29547332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.095001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a strong collisional shock front forming in a plasma is directly probed for the first time in laser-driven gas-jet experiments. Thomson scattering of a 526.5 nm probe beam was used to diagnose temperature and ion velocity distribution in a strong shock (M∼11) propagating through a low-density (ρ∼0.01 mg/cc) plasma composed of hydrogen. A forward-streaming population of ions traveling in excess of the shock velocity was observed to heat and slow down on an unmoving, unshocked population of cold protons, until ultimately the populations merge and begin to thermalize. Instabilities are observed during the merging, indicating a uniquely plasma-phase process in shock front formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P A Amendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Kagan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B D Keenan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E L Vold
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Tzeferacos P, Rigby A, Bott AFA, Bell AR, Bingham R, Casner A, Cattaneo F, Churazov EM, Emig J, Fiuza F, Forest CB, Foster J, Graziani C, Katz J, Koenig M, Li CK, Meinecke J, Petrasso R, Park HS, Remington BA, Ross JS, Ryu D, Ryutov D, White TG, Reville B, Miniati F, Schekochihin AA, Lamb DQ, Froula DH, Gregori G. Laboratory evidence of dynamo amplification of magnetic fields in a turbulent plasma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:591. [PMID: 29426891 PMCID: PMC5807305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe. The energy density of these fields is typically comparable to the energy density of the fluid motions of the plasma in which they are embedded, making magnetic fields essential players in the dynamics of the luminous matter. The standard theoretical model for the origin of these strong magnetic fields is through the amplification of tiny seed fields via turbulent dynamo to the level consistent with current observations. However, experimental demonstration of the turbulent dynamo mechanism has remained elusive, since it requires plasma conditions that are extremely hard to re-create in terrestrial laboratories. Here we demonstrate, using laser-produced colliding plasma flows, that turbulence is indeed capable of rapidly amplifying seed fields to near equipartition with the turbulent fluid motions. These results support the notion that turbulent dynamo is a viable mechanism responsible for the observed present-day magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tzeferacos
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A Rigby
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A F A Bott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A R Bell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Bingham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - A Casner
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | - F Cattaneo
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - E M Churazov
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741, Garching, Germany
- Space Research Institute (IKI), Profsouznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - J Emig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - C B Forest
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J Foster
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - C Graziani
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Rd, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation de Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS CEA, Université Paris VI Ecole Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - C-K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - J Meinecke
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - D Ryutov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - T G White
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - B Reville
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - F Miniati
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - A A Schekochihin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - D Q Lamb
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Rd, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Rong Y, Padron AV, Hagerty KJ, Nelson N, Chi S, Keyhani NO, Katz J, Datta SPA, Gomes C, McLamore ES. Post hoc support vector machine learning for impedimetric biosensors based on weak protein–ligand interactions. Analyst 2018; 143:2066-2075. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We develop a simple, open source machine learning algorithm for analyzing impedimetric biosensor data using a mobile phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Rong
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - A. V. Padron
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - K. J. Hagerty
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - N. Nelson
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- USA
| | - S. Chi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - N. O. Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - J. Katz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - S. P. A. Datta
- MIT Auto-ID Labs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program
| | - C. Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- USA
| | - E. S. McLamore
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
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Peace S, Peace S, Katz J, Holland C, Jones R. THE NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS OF VISION IMPAIRED OLDER PEOPLE LIVING IN ENGLAND. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Peace
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - S.M. Peace
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - J. Katz
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - C. Holland
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - R.L. Jones
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Lynch
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Perioperative Care, Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J. Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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