1
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Begishev IA, Dorrer C, Bahk SW, Bucht S, Feng C, Guardalben MJ, Jeon C, Mileham C, Roides RG, Spilatro M, Webb B, Weiner D, Zuegel JD, Bromage J. Final amplifier of an ultra-intense all-OPCPA system with 13-J output signal energy and 41% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency. Opt Express 2023; 31:24785-24795. [PMID: 37475297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) using high-energy Nd:glass lasers has the potential to produce ultra-intense pulses (>1023 W/cm2). We report on the performance of the final high-efficiency amplifier in an OPCPA system based on large-aperture (63 × 63-mm2) partially deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals. The seed beam (180-nm bandwidth, 110 mJ) was provided by the preceding OPCPA stages. A maximum pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 41% and signal energy up to 13 J were achieved with a 52-mm-long DKDP crystal due to the flattop super-Gaussian pump beam profile and flat-in-time pulse shape.
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2
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Kabadi N, Adrian P, Stoeckl C, Sorce A, Sio HW, Bedzyk M, Evans T, Ivancic S, Katz J, Knauer J, Pearcy J, Weiner D, Betti R, Birkel A, Cao D, Johnson MG, Regan SP, Petrasso RD, Frenje J. The phase-2 particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous measurement of multiple x-ray and nuclear emission histories from OMEGA implosions (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103538. [PMID: 36319383 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is negligibly affected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion-temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The newly implemented phase-2 Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) utilizes four fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator-channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10-20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium-tritium fusion neutrons (DTn) from OMEGA Cryo-DT implosions. High quality data have been collected from warm implosions at OMEGA. These data have been used to infer spatially integrated Te(t) with <10% uncertainty at peak emission. Nuclear and x-ray emission histories are measured with 10 ps relative timing uncertainty for x rays and DTn and 12 ps for x rays and deuterium-He3 protons (D3Hep). A future upgrade to the system will enable spatially integrated Te(t) with 40 ps time-resolution from cryogenic DT implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Sorce
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H W Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Evans
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knauer
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Weiner
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Cao
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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Weiner D, Ly A, Talluru S, Ambinder R, Rozati S. Clinical outcomes of single-agent chemotherapy in a diverse cohort of patients with recalcitrant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Talluru S, Weiner D, Ly A, Fazal M, Rozati S. Investigating clinical characteristics and outcomes of CTCL patients with a history of eczema: retrospective review at a single tertiary referral center. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Talluru S, Weiner D, Singh D, Zeng Z, Connor S, Burns A, Smith K, Rozati S. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals race-based heterogeneity of malignant T-cells and skin microenvironment in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Kabadi N, Sorce A, Stoeckl C, Sio HW, Adrian P, Bedzyk M, Frenje J, Katz J, Knauer J, Pearcy J, Weiner D, Aguirre BA, Betti R, Birkel A, Cao D, Gatu Johnson M, Patel D, Petrasso RD, Regan SP. A multi-channel x-ray temporal diagnostic for measurement of time-resolved electron temperature in cryogenic deuterium-tritium implosions at OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023507. [PMID: 33648078 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is unaffected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The proposed diagnostic utilizes five fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10 keV-20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium-tritium fusion neutrons. Initial data collected using a prototype nosecone on the existing neutron temporal diagnostic demonstrate the validity of this diagnostic technique. The proposed system will be capable of measuring spatially integrated Te(t) with 20 ps time resolution and <10% uncertainty at peak emission in cryogenic DT implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Sorce
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H W Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knauer
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Weiner
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B A Aguirre
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Betti
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Cao
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Patel
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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7
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Bauer KA, Heimbueger M, Kwiatkowski J, Sampat S, Waxer LJ, Cost EC, Kelly JH, Kobilansky V, Morse SFB, Nelson D, Weiner D, Weselak G, Zou J. Optical characterization of the on-target OMEGA focal spot at high energy using the full-beam in-tank diagnostic. Appl Opt 2020; 59:7994-8002. [PMID: 32976475 DOI: 10.1364/ao.395505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The full-beam in-tank (FBIT) diagnostic has been deployed to directly measure the target-plane beam fluence profile, when operated at high energy, of the OMEGA Laser System at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics. This paper presents the results of early measurements taken with this diagnostic and discusses an improvement that has overcome performance limitations discovered during the initial testing. The diagnostic gives new insight into the ability of the OMEGA Laser System to provide uniform fluence profiles that are consistent across all 60 beams in the laser. The ultimate goal of the FBIT diagnostic is to allow accurate assessment of the fluence uniformity on a spherical target in 60-beam implosion experiments.
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8
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Weiner D. SUN-PO253: Eat to Death – Feeding the Patient at the End of Life – A Holocaust Perspective. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Broege D, Fochs S, Brent G, Bromage J, Dorrer C, Earley RF, Guardalben MJ, Marozas JA, Roides RG, Sethian J, Wang X, Weiner D, Zweiback J, Zuegel JD. The Dynamic Compression Sector laser: A 100-J UV laser for dynamic compression research. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:053001. [PMID: 31153238 DOI: 10.1063/1.5088049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) laser is a 100-J ultraviolet Nd:glass system designed and built by the Laboratory for Laser Energetics for experimental research at the DCS located at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory). Its purpose is to serve as a shock driver to study materials under extreme dynamic pressures. It was designed to deposit energy within a uniformly illuminated 500-μm spot on target, with additional optics provided to implement spot sizes of 250 and 1000 μm. Designed after larger-scale glass lasers such as OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility, the laser consists of a fiber front end with interferometer-based pulse shaping, a Nd:glass regenerative amplifier, a four-pass rod amplifier, and a 15-cm glass disk amplifier, through which six passes are made in a bowtie geometry. The output is frequency tripled from 1053 to 351 nm by using a pair of type-II phase-matched KDP crystals, with a third to increase conversion bandwidth. The super-Gaussian spot in the far field is achieved with a distributed phase plate and a 1-m aspherical focusing lens. Beam smoothing is achieved by smoothing by spectral dispersion and polarization smoothing, resulting in a root-mean-square variation in intensity on target of ±8.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Broege
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S Fochs
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - G Brent
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Bromage
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R F Earley
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Guardalben
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R G Roides
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Sethian
- Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS), Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - X Wang
- Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS), Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Weiner
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Zweiback
- Logos Technologies, Fairfax, Virginia 22031, USA
| | - J D Zuegel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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10
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Ladin K, Pandya R, Weiner D, Meyer K, Perrone R, Wong J. DIALYSIS DECISION-MAKING WITH ELDERLY PATIENTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF NEPHROLOGISTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Johnson LA, Bozogmehri S, Ishani A, Weiner D, Berry R, Beyth R, Canales M. 0876 Sleep Apnea and Change in Quality of Life Among Veterans with Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L A Johnson
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - S Bozogmehri
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - A Ishani
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - D Weiner
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - R Berry
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - R Beyth
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - M Canales
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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12
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Park M, Katz R, Shlipak MG, Weiner D, Tracy R, Jotwani V, Hughes-Austin J, Gabbai F, Hsu CY, Pfeffer M, Bansal N, Bostom A, Gutierrez O, Sarnak M, Levey A, Ix JH. Urinary Markers of Fibrosis and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The FAVORIT Trial. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2640-2649. [PMID: 28371433 PMCID: PMC5620109 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk remains high in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) despite improved kidney function after transplant. Urinary markers of kidney fibrosis and injury may help to reveal mechanisms of this risk. In a case-cohort study among stable KTRs who participated in the FAVORIT trial, we measured four urinary proteins known to correlate with kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis on biopsy (urine alpha 1 microglobulin [α1m], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], procollagen type I [PINP] and type III [PIIINP] N-terminal amino peptide) and evaluated associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (n = 300) and death (n = 371). In adjusted models, higher urine α1m (hazard ratio [HR] per doubling of biomarker 1.40 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 1.62]), MCP-1 (HR 1.18 [1.03, 1.36]), and PINP (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.03, 1.23]) were associated with CVD events. These three markers were also associated with death (HR per doubling α1m 1.51 [95% CI 1.32, 1.72]; MCP-1 1.31 [95% CI 1.13, 1.51]; PINP 1.11 [95% CI 1.03, 1.20]). Higher concentrations of urine α1m, MCP-1, and PINP may identify KTRs at higher risk for CVD events and death. These markers may identify a systemic process of fibrosis involving both the kidney and cardiovascular system, and give new insights into mechanisms linking the kidney with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - R Katz
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - M G Shlipak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California,General Internal Medicine Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Francisco, California,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - D Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Tracy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - V Jotwani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J Hughes-Austin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - F Gabbai
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California,Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - CY Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M Pfeffer
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - N Bansal
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - A Bostom
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - O Gutierrez
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - M Sarnak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J H Ix
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California,Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California,Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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13
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Sio H, Frenje JA, Katz J, Stoeckl C, Weiner D, Bedzyk M, Glebov V, Sorce C, Gatu Johnson M, Rinderknecht HG, Zylstra AB, Sangster TC, Regan SP, Kwan T, Le A, Simakov AN, Taitano WT, Chacòn L, Keenan B, Shah R, Sutcliffe G, Petrasso RD. A Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) for studies of kinetic, multi-ion effects, and ion-electron equilibration rates in Inertial Confinement Fusion plasmas at OMEGA (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D701. [PMID: 27910508 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) has been implemented on OMEGA for simultaneous time-resolved measurements of several nuclear products as well as the x-ray continuum produced in High Energy Density Plasmas and Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions. The PXTD removes systematic timing uncertainties typically introduced by using multiple instruments, and it has been used to measure DD, DT, D3He, and T3He reaction histories and the emission history of the x-ray core continuum with relative timing uncertainties within ±10-20 ps. This enables, for the first time, accurate and simultaneous measurements of the x-ray emission histories, nuclear reaction histories, their time differences, and measurements of Ti(t) and Te(t) from which an assessment of multiple-ion-fluid effects, kinetic effects during the shock-burn phase, and ion-electron equilibration rates can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sio
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Weiner
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Le
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W T Taitano
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Chacòn
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Keenan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Shah
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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14
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Stoeckl C, Boni R, Ehrne F, Forrest CJ, Glebov VY, Katz J, Lonobile DJ, Magoon J, Regan SP, Shoup MJ, Sorce A, Sorce C, Sangster TC, Weiner D. Neutron temporal diagnostic for high-yield deuterium-tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053501. [PMID: 27250417 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A next-generation neutron temporal diagnostic (NTD) capable of recording high-quality data for the highest anticipated yield cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) implosion experiments was recently installed at the Omega Laser Facility. A high-quality measurement of the neutron production width is required to determine the hot-spot pressure achieved in inertial confinement fusion experiments-a key metric in assessing the quality of these implosions. The design of this NTD is based on a fast-rise-time plastic scintillator, which converts the neutron kinetic energy to 350- to 450-nm-wavelength light. The light from the scintillator inside the nose-cone assembly is relayed ∼16 m to a streak camera in a well-shielded location. An ∼200× reduction in neutron background was observed during the first high-yield DT cryogenic implosions compared to the current NTD installation on OMEGA. An impulse response of ∼40 ± 10 ps was measured in a dedicated experiment using hard x-rays from a planar target irradiated with a 10-ps short pulse from the OMEGA EP laser. The measured instrument response includes contributions from the scintillator rise time, optical relay, and streak camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - F Ehrne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D J Lonobile
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Weiner
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Yang Z, Aggarwal C, Cohen R, Morrow M, Bauml J, Weinstein G, Boyer J, Lee J, Weiner D, Bagarazzi M. Immunotherapy with INO-3112 (HPV16 and HPV18 plasmids + IL-12 DNA) in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa). Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv513.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miller J, Drew L, Green O, Villella A, Bastos C, Munoz B, Cullen M, Hauck S, Wachi S, Giuliano K, Longo K, Roskelley E, Dobbs W, Garza D, Haeberlein M, Weiner D, Bridges R, Thakerar A, Hutt D, Balch W, Tait B. WS1.3 Enhanced correction of F508del CFTR using drug-like small molecules in combination with correctors and potentiators. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muthumani K, Tingey C, Huihui B, Kawalekar O, Sardesai N, Kim J, Weiner D. Induction of nAbs and protection of mice immunized with VLP's expressing CHIKV env. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Froula DH, Boni R, Bedzyk M, Craxton RS, Ehrne F, Ivancic S, Jungquist R, Shoup MJ, Theobald W, Weiner D, Kugland NL, Rushford MC. Optical diagnostic suite (schlieren, interferometry, and grid image refractometry) on OMEGA EP using a 10-ps, 263-nm probe beam. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E523. [PMID: 23127030 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 10-ps, 263-nm (4ω) laser is being built to probe plasmas produced on the OMEGA EP [J. H. Kelly, L. J. Waxer, V. Bagnoud, I. A. Begishev, J. Bromage, B. E. Kruschwitz, T. E. Kessler, S. J. Loucks, D. N. Maywar, R. L. McCrory et al., J. Phys. IV France 133, 75-80 (2006)]. A suite of optical diagnostics (schlieren, interferometry, and grid image refractometry) has been designed to diagnose and characterize a wide variety of plasmas. Light scattered by the probe beam is collected by an f/4 catadioptric telescope and a transport system is designed to image with a near-diffraction-limited resolution (~1 - μm full width at half maximum) over a 5-mm field of view to a diagnostic table. The transport system provides a contrast greater than 1 : 10(4) with respect to all wavelengths outside of the 263 ± 2 nm measurement range.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14616, USA
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Schwartz J, Weiner D, Lai JJ, Frezieres R, Creinin M, Archer D, Bradley L, Barnhart K, Poindexter A, Mauck C, Kilbourne-Brook M, Callahan M. Contraceptive efficacy, safety and acceptability of SILCS, a novel single-sized diaphragm used with contraceptive gel. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Philip C, Dharamsi F, Kelly D, Jiminez H, Weiner D, Suter R. 135 Demographics and Quality of Life of Emergent-Only Dialysis Patients. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Pasternac K, Weiner D, Milzman D. 448 Results of 1,300 Consecutive NHL Fights: Fists of Fury With Minimal Injuries. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitration of tyrosine and tyrosine-containing proteins and their roles in pathophysiology have just recently been reviewed. Despite low yields of tyrosine modifications, nitration of tyrosine residues may inactivate important proteins. Nitrotyrosine can be formed by various nitrating agents, including peroxynitrite. Thus, the occurrence of nitrotyrosine-containing proteins in vivo should be regarded as a general indication of tissue damage induced by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite. This strongly suggests that peroxynitrite could be formed in vivo under certain pathophysiological conditions. OBJECTIVE Our aim in this study was to elucidate the effect of cigarette smoke (CS) on nitrotyrosine formation in saliva proteins. METHODS We exposed saliva to CS, in vitro, and used Western Blotting (WB) and monoclonal anti-nitrotyrosine antibody to assess the level of saliva protein nitration. RESULTS As saliva contains extensive amounts of nitrites, it was no surprise that at basal levels, saliva proteins, albumin, and α-amylase all were already nitrated. The WB also revealed that with continuous exposure to CS the tyrosine nitration of both albumin and α-amylase is declining significantly after 3 h. A quite similar effect was seen after exposure to aldehydes, but to a less extent as compared to CS. Exposure of nitrotyrosine-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA-N) to aldehydes, produced a similar effect, meaning a decrease in tyrosine nitration. CONCLUSIONS These findings might be explained by the possible ability of CS aldehydes to reduce protein-bound nitro group to an amine. Another proposed mechanism is that CS unsaturated aldehydes react with proteins mainly through Michael addition reaction; leading to the generation of stable aldehyde-protein adducts (APA). Thus, it may react with nitro groups of saliva proteins, like albumin or α-amylase, to generate APA, which ultimately, may not be recognized by our antibody. Another possible mechanism, is interaction between the aldehyde group with the hydroxyl group of the 3-nitrotyrosine, forming a hemiacetal, which is not recognized by the antibody. This mechanism might explain the difference in the denitration effects caused by the saturated aldehyde acetaldehyde, which exists in large amounts in CS, and unsaturated aldehydes. Therefore, it is possible that the main player in the CS smoke denitration effect on salivary proteins is the aldehyde group and not the double bond of unsaturated aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - EV Khankin
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Levy
- Internal Department D, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Aizenbud
- Orthodonic and Craniofacial Center, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - AZ Reznick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Qiao J, Schmid AW, Waxer LJ, Nguyen T, Bunkenburg J, Kingsley C, Kozlov A, Weiner D. In situ detection and analysis of laser-induced damage on a 1.5-m multilayer-dielectric grating compressor for high-energy, petawatt-class laser systems. Opt Express 2010; 18:10423-10431. [PMID: 20588897 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A grating-inspection system and a damage-analysis method have been developed to measure in situ laser-induced damage on a 1.5-m tiled-grating assembly of the OMEGA EP pulse compressor during a 15-ps, 2.2-kJ energy ramp. The beam fluence at which significant damage growth occurred was determined. This is the first report on beam fluence versus laser-induced-damage growth of meter-sized multilayer-dielectric-diffraction gratings. This result was correlated to the damage-probability measurement conducted on a small grating sample and is consistent with the fluence, corresponding to 100% damage probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qiao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623-1299, USA.
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Lerner L, Weiner D, Katz R, Reznick AZ, Pollack S. Increased pro-inflammatory activity and impairment of human monocyte differentiation induced by in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 5:81-6. [PMID: 20134045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is associated with a variety of human pathologies including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Human monocytes are prevalent in oral and respiratory mucosa and may be affected by exposure to CS, which induces oxidative stress. As a result, up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) may occur. Our aims were to analyze a possible regulatory effect of CS on NF-kappaB activity in human monocytes. Human monocyte cell lines were exposed to CS in vitro. Our findings show that in vitro exposure to CS did not affect viability of human monocytes and was associated with increased production and secretion of IL-8 and up-regulation of certain C-C chemokines. Inhibition of NF-kappaB with curcumin or parthenolide resulted in a decrease of IL-8 secretion. CS also impaired the differentiation of monocytes. However, induced secretion of IL-8 from differentiated monocytes was not impaired. Our results indicate that exposure to CS stimulates pro-inflammatory activity of human monocytes through the activation of NF-kappaB pathway and also interferes with monocyte differentiation, which could play a role in the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lerner
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Weiner D, Khankin EV, Levy Y, Reznick AZ. Effects of cigarette smoke borne reactive nitrogen species on salivary alpha-amylase activity and protein modifications. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 5:127-32. [PMID: 20134053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with a variety of human pathologies including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck. The major inducer of OSCC is exposure to tobacco. Recent studies demonstrated that oxidative and nitrosative stress contributes to the development of oral carcinogenesis through DNA damage. All salivary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) analyzed from OSCC patients are significantly higher in comparison with healthy subjects. Our findings show that CS and external RNS addition induced reduction in alpha-amylase activity and produced some excited carbonyl formation, but to a much less extant than CS. The addition of epigallocatechine-3-gallate (EGCG) to saliva produced no protective effect against damage to alpha-amylase activity. Our proposed mechanism for the decrease in alpha-amylase activity is the formation of adducts at SH groups of the alpha-amylase active site. In this case, EGCG was unable to counteract this phenomenon, as it does not reduce the concentration of disulfides, and does not alter the amount of protein-SH moieties. However, EGCG did reduce the levels of excited carbonyl formation. Our results indicate that although RNS are abundant in CS, a significant decrease in amylase activity is due to other components in CS, probably aldehydes, reacting with the thiol group of proteins by the Michael addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Morrow M, Yan J, Pankhong P, Harris K, Kahn A, Sardesai N, Weiner D. P02-02. Analysis of antigen specific degranulation potentials using IL-12 or IL-28B during HIV DNA Vaccination. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767973 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Boyer JD, Yin J, Dai A, Belisle S, Hirao L, Palermo R, Hokey D, Yan J, Weiner D. P16-36. Functional genomic immune profile of SIV DNA vaccines delivered by electroporation and combined with molecular adjuvants. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767765 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zaady E, Dody A, Weiner D, Barkai D, Offer ZY. A comprehensive method for aeolian particle granulometry and micromorphology analyses. Environ Monit Assess 2009; 155:169-175. [PMID: 18618283 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use a new approach to investigate aeolian particle granulometry and micromorphology. Taking total aeolian deposition into account, we used parameters such as, particle area, perimeter, shape analysis for particle roughness (area/perimeter) and elongation (long/short axis). These parameters were analyzed on temporal and spatial scales at four study sites in the eastern Negev Desert, Israel. The total collection of particles was sorted into three size groups based on particle area to facilitate comparison. The classic definition of particle size (equating particle length with particle diameter) produced relatively small variations among the three size classes (25-38.6%). Our proposed comprehensive method demonstrated significant variation among the three size classes (13.9-60.8%), e.g. the classic method placed 36.4% of the particles in size class two while the new method placed 60.8% of the particles in this size class; the differences were even more significant regarding size class 3 (38.6% vs. 13.9%, respectively). The classic method did not facilitate investigation of particle roughness and elongation. With this new approach, it was possible to clearly define the particles by size class, based on these characteristics. With roughness, the variation among size classes 2 and 3 was about 27%. With elongation, the variation among size classes two and three was about 21%. Applying similar investigation method to study the aeolian particle granulometry and micromorphology can better facilitate more detailed calculation of particle size distribution, roughness and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources and Agronomy, ARO, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post, Negev 85280, Israel.
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Braun DA, Weiner D, Such B, Fuchs H, Schirmeisen A. Submolecular features of epitaxially grown PTCDA on Cu(111) analyzed by force field spectroscopy. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:264004. [PMID: 19509447 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/26/264004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Submolecular features of epitaxially grown 3,4,9,10-perylenetetra-carboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) on Cu(111) are resolved in non-contact atomic force microscopy topography scans in ultrahigh vacuum. While molecules in the first layer above the Cu substrate are depicted as featureless ovals, the second layer molecules show an intramolecular structure with a height corrugation of up to 40 pm. Force field spectroscopy experiments with submolecular resolution show that the tip-molecule forces differ significantly on the first and second layer molecules. Possible contributions to these force differences from mechanical deformations of the molecules as well as the internal charge density distribution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-A Braun
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Muthumani K, Lankaraman K, Laddy D, Sundaram S, Chung C, Sako E, Vijayachari P, Khan A, Sardesai N, Kim J, Weiner D. Immunogenicity of Novel Consensus-Based DNA Vaccines Against Chikungunya Virus. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Weiner D, Levy Y, Khankin EV, Reznick AZ. Inhibition of salivary amylase activity by cigarette smoke aldehydes. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 59 Suppl 6:727-37. [PMID: 19218700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a leading known cause of cancer and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The mechanisms by which CS produces its damaging effects seem to be multifactorial. Among others, CS toxicity is due also to several compounds like alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (acrolein, crotonaldehyde) and saturated aldehydes (acetaldehyde). Aldehydes could interact with thiol compounds of salivary proteins, leading to structural and functional alterations of these molecules. Prior in vitro studies have shown that there is a significant decrease in several known enzymatic activities following exposure to CS. Additionally, it was found that glutathione (GSH) has protective effect against the damaging role of CS to salivary enzymes, emphasizing the role of thiol groups in the mechanism of inactivation of these enzymes. In this study, salivary amylase activity showed a significant inhibition following exposure to CS, and to external addition of purified aldehydes known to be present in CS, due probably to the interaction between aldehydes and -SH groups of the enzyme. Our results indicate that although saturated aldehydes are the chief aldehydes present in CS, a significant decrease in amylase activity was due to unsaturated aldehydes, reacting, probably, through their double bond with the thiol group of proteins by the Michael addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Kelly JH, Waxer LJ, Bagnoud V, Begishev IA, Bromage J, Kruschwitz BE, Kessler TJ, Loucks SJ, Maywar DN, McCrory RL, Meyerhofer DD, Morse SF, Oliver JB, Rigatti AL, Schmid AW, Stoeckl C, Dalton S, Folnsbee L, Guardalben MJ, Jungquist R, Puth J, Shoup MJ, Weiner D, Zuegel JD. OMEGA EP: High-energy petawatt capability for the OMEGA laser facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006133015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lange
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals, New York City
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Onoda N, Nehmi A, Weiner D, Mujumdar S, Christen R, Los G. Nicotine affects the signaling of the death pathway, reducing the response of head and neck cancer cell lines to DNA damaging agents. Head Neck 2001; 23:860-70. [PMID: 11592233 DOI: 10.1002/hed.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that tobacco can affect the responsiveness of cancer cells to treatment, particularly those of head and neck cancer. This article describes the effects of nicotine on the signaling of the death pathway, resulting in a decreased cytotoxicity of various anticancer agents such as cisplatin and gamma-radiation. METHODS Colony-forming assays (CFA), using the head and neck cancer cell lines UMSCC10b and UMSCC5 and DNA fragmentation assays, were used to determine the effect of nicotine on cytotoxicity of various anticancer agents, whereas PCR and a JNK activity test were used to study the effect of nicotine on message expression levels and activity of the JNK signaling pathway. RESULTS Nicotine consistently reduced the cytotoxic effect of DNA-damaging agents, such as cisplatin, UV, and gamma radiation, in UMSCC10b cells, increasing their IC(50) values by twofold, 1.7-fold, and 1.8-fold, respectively. These results were confirmed in a second squamous cell carcinoma cell line (UMSCC5), demonstrating an increase in IC(50) values for cDDP by twofold and 1.9-fold in the UMSCC10b andUMSCC5, respectively. In addition, nicotine reduced the DNA fragmentation 48 h after cDDP exposure in UMSCC10b and UMSCC5 cell lines by 30% and 33%, respectively. The latter, however, was not the result of an effect of nicotine on either the uptake of cDDP or repair of the cDDP-DNA-adducts. To further substantiate the adverse effect of nicotine, the JNK and gadd153 signaling pathways were studied. JNK activity was decreased by 1.8-fold, as well as the expression of its downstream target c-jun (1.9-fold), when tumor cells were exposed to cisplatin in the presence of nicotine. In addition, the gadd153 message was affected and reduced by 1.8-fold. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine adversely affects the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents. Nicotine does not interfere with the repair of the damage but directly affects the signaling of the death pathway, reducing the signaling of the JNK1 pathway. The latter results in a decrease in efficacy of the anticancer treatment in tumors exposed to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Onoda
- UCSD Cancer Center 0058, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0058, USA
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Johnsson A, Byrne P, de Bruin R, Weiner D, Wong J, Los G. Identification of gene clusters differentially expressed during the cellular injury responses (CIR) to cisplatin. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1206-10. [PMID: 11710836 PMCID: PMC2375161 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify changes in mRNA levels in tumour cells after a toxic exposure to cisplatin (IC(99)dose). Using suppression-subtractive hybridization (SSH) 2 cDNA libraries were created, an UP library (202 cDNA fragments) and a DOWN library (153 cDNA fragments). Using reversed Northern hybridization 16 and 30 fragments were truly differentially expressed in the UP and DOWN libraries, respectively. Most prominent in the UP library were the mitochondrial and injury response clusters and in the DOWN library the cytoskeletal, protein synthesis and signalling clusters. These distinct clusters potentially represent an expression profile of the cisplatin-induced cellular injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johnsson
- UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037-0058, USA
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Shabsigh A, Hayek OR, Weiner D, Saidi J, Kaplan SA, Kiss A, Burchardt M, Buttyan R, Levin RM. Acute increase in blood flow to the rat bladder subsequent to partial bladder outlet obstruction. Neurourol Urodyn 2000; 19:195-206; discussion 206-8. [PMID: 10679836 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6777(2000)19:2<195::aid-nau10>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Partial obstruction of the rat bladder outlet initiates a multi-step process during which the bladder progressively loses its functional ability. The first step in this progression is bladder hypertrophy; the organ dramatically increases in size and weight to compensate for the effects of obstruction. Unoperated female rats, age-matched, sham-obstructed rats, and rats that received a partial bladder outlet obstruction were studied. During the first 24 hours after partial bladder outlet obstruction, relative bladder blood flow was measured using a fluorescent microsphere infusion technique and laser Doppler imaging. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities of control and obstructed rat bladder tissues were determined using an enzymatic assay that measures the conversion of (3)H-L-arginine to (3)H-L-citrulline. Using the microsphere infusion technique, a significant increase in blood flow to the obstructed rat bladder was observed during the first 24 hours after partial bladder outlet obstruction. Relative bladder blood flow increased approximately sixfold at 4 and 6 hours post-obstruction and remained elevated through 24 hours of obstruction. Sham operations (evaluated after 6 hours after surgery) resulted in a minor increase in blood flow that did not reach statistical significance. Relative blood flow to the spleen, measured in the same rats, was not significantly changed. Laser Doppler measurements also identified a significant increase in rat bladder blood flow after outlet obstruction and showed that increased blood flow could be detected as early as 1 hour post-obstruction. Interestingly, despite the significant differences in bladder blood flow between control and early post-obstructed rat bladders, NOS activities of control and obstructed rat bladders were comparable. The increase in bladder blood flow precedes the urothelial, fibroblast and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, and the smooth muscle hypertrophy that occurs after obstruction. We propose that, in response to surgical induction of partial outlet obstruction, acute up-regulation of bladder blood flow may be an initiating factor for subsequent bladder cell proliferation and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 19:195-208, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shabsigh
- Department of Urology, The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Weiner D, Peterson B, Ladd K, McConnell E, Keefe F. Pain in nursing home residents: an exploration of prevalence, staff perspectives, and practical aspects of measurement. Clin J Pain 1999; 15:92-101. [PMID: 10382922 DOI: 10.1097/00002508-199906000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To help rectify the underdiagnosis of chronic pain in frail nursing home residents by developing a new feasible pain self-report instrument, the structured pain interview; to use this new tool to estimate pain prevalence and staff's knowledge of residents' pain in two nursing homes; and to compare the performance differences of the structured pain interview and the commonly used 0-10 scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING One 120-bed VA-affiliated and one 125-bed university-affiliated, community-based nursing home in Durham, North Carolina. PATIENTS One hundred fifty-eight chronic care nursing home residents without aphasia, acute illness, persistent vegetative status, or severe hearing impairment and 3 1 nursing home nurses. OUTCOME MEASURES Pain prevalence according to resident self-report and nurse report; stability of response to the structured pain interview and 0-10 scale over 1 month; agreement between residents and nurses on the structured pain interview and 0-10 scale. RESULTS Fifty-eight percent of the VA and 45% of the community nursing home residents reported pain. Forty-two percent at the VA and 20% at the community home were unable to respond to the 0-10 scale, compared with 7.5% and 14% using the structured pain interview. Stability of response to the structured pain interview at 1 month was 0.56 at the VA (nurse-resident agreement 0.38) and 0.72 in the community (nurse-resident agreement 0.07), which was very comparable to the 0-10 scale. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a highly feasible tool for examining pain prevalence in nursing homes. This tool uncovered considerable miscommunication regarding pain between residents and staff. Improvement in pain communication between nursing home residents and staff is needed, so that more effective pain treatment programs can be developed for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, MCP - Hahnemann School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa., USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the pain map as a pain assessment tool in frail nursing home residents. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, nursing home staff's knowledge of the locations of resident pain complaints was examined. We found significant deficiencies in this knowledge. In Phase 2, we examined the following test characteristics of pain extensity (number of painful body areas annotated on pain map): (1) test-retest reliability, (2) convergent validity as compared with pain intensity measured by a pain thermometer (modified vertical verbal descriptor scale) and an 11 point numerical graphic rating scale (NGRS), and (3) predictive validity with depression, functional impairment and self-rated health. Pain map scoring was performed by counting the number of involved body areas (i.e., numbered segments) using an established scoring template. Test-retest reliability by body area was excellent. Pain extensity was modestly associated with pain thermometer-scored pain intensity but not with NGRS-scored pain intensity. Pain extensity also demonstrated modest predictive validity with self-rated health, but not with depression or functional impairment. The advantage of knowing where residents hurt is that this allows staff to target their assessment and thus determine the functional implications of residents' pain. It appears that pain maps add a useful dimension to pain assessment in residents of long term care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Weisz PB, Joullié MM, Hunter CM, Kumor KM, Zhang Z, Levine E, Macarak E, Weiner D, Barnathan ES. A basic compositional requirement of agents having heparin-like cell-modulating activities. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54:149-57. [PMID: 9296361 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heparin has been recognized as possessing a large variety of cell-modulating activities. Using compositionally simple, structurally rigid, and low molecular weight saccharide molecules (cyclodextrins), we demonstrated that these activities depend primarily on a single, gross compositional parameter: a minimum intramolecular density of neighboring anionic (sulfate) groups. This same critical parameter is shown to be involved in achieving cell-modulating behavior as diverse as angiogenesis, endothelial proliferation, inhibition of smooth muscle cell growth, and cell protection against virus invasion. Physical chemical evidence is presented that associates this property with multi-ionic complex formation between the clusters of anionic and cationic sites on the complexing partners. These observations revive early suggestions of the decisive role of electrostatic complexation capabilities of glycosaminoglycans like heparin; taken together with numerous observations on heparinoids and other agents reported in diverse specialized fields of cell biology and medicine, they provide evidence that molecular agents of critical anionic (sulfate) density (MACADs) represent a broad class of molecules that, in contrast to proteins, do not rely on structural detail for their cell biological activities, but function by ionic complexation with proteinic agents (e.g. growth factors), thereby modifying their structure-specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Weisz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, U.S.A
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Deckert-Schlüter M, Buck C, Weiner D, Kaefer N, Rang A, Hof H, Wiestler OD, Schlüter D. Interleukin-10 downregulates the intracerebral immune response in chronic Toxoplasma encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 76:167-76. [PMID: 9184647 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in the normal and Toxoplasma gondii-infected murine brain was analysed. Microglia/macrophages expressed IL-10 at the mRNA and protein level in the normal brain. In Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE), CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells also contributed to the upregulated IL-10 production. Neutralization of endogenous IL-10 in chronic TE reduced the intracerebral parasitic load and increased the number of immune cells and the production of protective cytokines. These findings indicate that intracerebral expression of IL-10 interferes with the immune response in TE and may contribute to parasite persistence in the brain.
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Yusibov V, Modelska A, Steplewski K, Agadjanyan M, Weiner D, Hooper DC, Koprowski H. Antigens produced in plants by infection with chimeric plant viruses immunize against rabies virus and HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:5784-8. [PMID: 9159151 PMCID: PMC20857 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.11.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coat protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus was used as a carrier molecule to express antigenic peptides from rabies virus and HIV. The antigens were separately cloned into the reading frame of alfalfa mosaic virus CP and placed under the control of the subgenomic promoter of tobacco mosaic virus CP in the 30BRz vector. The in vitro transcripts of recombinant virus with sequences encoding the antigenic peptides were synthesized from DNA constructs and used to inoculate tobacco plants. The plant-produced protein (virus particles) was purified and used for immunization of mice. Both antigens elicited specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yusibov
- Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 346 JAH, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Zhang X, Gaubin M, Briant L, Srikantan V, Murali R, Saragovi U, Weiner D, Devaux C, Autiero M, Piatier-Tonneau D, Greene MI. Synthetic CD4 exocyclics inhibit binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope to CD4 and virus replication in T lymphocytes. Nat Biotechnol 1997; 15:150-4. [PMID: 9035140 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0297-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD4 functions as a major T-cell surface receptor for human immunodeficiency virus by binding the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp120 with relatively high affinity. We have developed constrained aromatically modified analogs of the secondary structures of the first domain of CD4 in order to analyze surfaces involved in binding of gp120. Complementarity determining-like regions (CDRs) of the D1 domain of CD4 were reproduced as synthetic aromatically modified exocyclic (AMEs) forms. The exocyclic CDR3.AME(82-89), derived from the CDR3 (residues 82-89) region of CD4 D1 domain, specifically inhibited binding of recombinant gp120 to both recombinant soluble CD4, and CD4+ Jurkat cells, and blocked syncytium formation and virus particle production caused by HIV-1 infection. We have previously shown that the CDR3.AME analog binds to the CD4 CDR3 region and creates a disabled CD4 heterodimer. We propose that the AME prevents the formation of an essential homodimeric surface needed for efficient HIV binding. Additionally the disabled CD4 receptor may be less able to signal the cell to allow HIV replication and HIV infection. Such compounds may represent a new receptor specific approach to modulate biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6082, USA
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Deckert-Schlüter M, Rang A, Weiner D, Huang S, Wiestler OD, Hof H, Schlüter D. Interferon-gamma receptor-deficiency renders mice highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis by decreased macrophage activation. J Transl Med 1996; 75:827-41. [PMID: 8973478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii may cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients including fetuses and those with AIDS. Among the factors mediating protection against T. gondii, IFN-gamma has gained special attention. To analyze the role of IFN-gamma in the early phase of toxoplasmosis, IFN-gamma receptor-deficient (IFN-gamma R0/0) mice were orally infected with low-virulent toxoplasms. IFN-gamma R0/0 mice died of the disease up to day 10 postinfection, whereas immunocompetent wild-type (WT) mice developed a chronic toxoplasmosis. Histopathology revealed that in IFN-gamma R0/0 mice, the parasite multiplied unrestrictedly in the small intestine, the intestinal lymphatic tissue, the liver, and the spleen. Ultimately, animals died of a necrotizing hepatitis. In WT mice, the same organs were effected, but multiplication of the parasite was effectively limited. Compared with WT mice, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry demonstrated that in IFN-gamma R0/0 mice, macrophages were only marginally activated in response to the infection, as evidenced by a reduced expression of major histocompatability complex class II antigens. In addition, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed a reduced production of the macrophage-derived cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and IL-1 beta in the liver of IFN-gamma R0/0 mice. In contrast, activation of T cells, recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory foci, and anti-T. gondii IgM antibody production were unaffected by the mutation of the IFN-gamma R. Moreover, induction of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA transcripts in the liver was normal in IFN-gamma R0/0 mice. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that the immune T cells of WT animals did not protect IFN-gamma R0/0 mice from lethal infection with highly virulent toxoplasms, whereas WT mice were significantly protected by the adoptive transfer. Based on these studies, we conclude that IFN-gamma is absolutely required for an efficient activation of macrophages. Macrophages are of critical importance in toxoplasmosis, and insufficient macrophage activation cannot be compensated by other immune mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Intestine, Small/parasitology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/physiology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasma/isolation & purification
- Toxoplasma/pathogenicity
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Virulence
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Abstract
Pain evaluation typically relies upon the use of self-report instruments. The validity of these tools is questionable in many older adults, however, particularly those with cognitive impairment. Rating of pain behavior (e.g. grimacing, sighing) by an objective observer represents an alternative pain assessment strategy which has been validated in subjects of heterogeneous ages. The purpose of this study was to examine, in a group of community-dwelling elderly with low back pain and lumbosacral osteoarthritis, the concurrent validity of observational pain behavior rating techniques as compared with self-report instruments and the degree to which pain and pain behavior relate to disability. Thirty-nine cognitively intact subjects, age > 65 years, without depression, other sources of pain, or other known spinal pathology underwent the following measures: (1) pain self-report using the verbal 0-10 scale, vertical verbal descriptor scale, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales and McGill Pain Questionnaire; (2) pain behavior was sampled during two protocols, one, identical to that used by Keefe and Block (Behav. Ther., 13 (1982) 363-375), that required subjects to sit, stand, walk, and recline for 1-2 minute periods (which we have labelled the traditional protocol), and a second, more demanding protocol that was designed to simulate activities of daily living that place a premium on axial movement (the 'ADL' protocol); (3) disability was assessed using the Roland questionnaire, a 6 month global disability question and the Jette Functional Status Index; and (4) radiographic evaluation of the lumbosacral spine; osteoarthritis was quantitated using a previously validated scoring system. Interrelationships among pain, pain behavior and disability measures were tested using canonical correlations. Self-reported pain was associated with pain behavior frequency; the association was stronger when the ADL protocol was used, as compared with the traditional protocol. The association between pain and disability was modestly strong with both self-report instruments and pain behavior observation when the ADL protocol was used, but not when the traditional protocol was used. Our findings suggest that pain behavior observation is a valid assessment tool in the elderly. In addition, it seems that observation of elders during performance of activities of daily living may be a more sensitive and valid way of assessing pain behavior than observing pain behavior during sitting, walking, standing, or reclining.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Kaminsky RM, Weiner D. Does management expect too much from its employed physician group? Med Interface 1996; 9:60-4. [PMID: 10156022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Abstract
Since Ambrose Paré in 1572 initially described what is believed to be the first case of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), a virtual plethora of unproven theories has evolved in the ensuing years. The most currently popular theories embrace a framework of biomechanical events versus biochemical events having impact at the time of puberty. The zone of slipping always occurs primarily through the zone of hypertrophy in a corrugated undulating fashion. All investigative studies show that the growth plate at the time of puberty is weakened in SCFE. The final common pathway appears to be a mechanical failure of the growth plate, due to a weakened state, to resist displacement. The commonly encountered large body mass coupled with an increasingly oblique physis lying in a relative degree of retroversion creates a mechanical environment that, coupled with delicate alterations in the hormonal balance of thyroid hormone, growth hormone, testosterone, and estrogen, render the plate intrinsically suspectible to displacement by rather innocuous forces occurring in a shear plane. Ultrastructure studies of SCFE demonstrate a significant alteration in anatomy and physiology in all active metabolic areas of the growth plate. It is the author's concept that SCFE is a generalized metabolic disorder of puberty resulting from a series of pubertal mishaps with a multifactorial basis ordinarily caused by a relative imbalance of hormones, coupled with biomechanical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron, Ohio 44308, USA
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