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Sun MT, Cotton RM, Charoenkijkajorn C, Garcia-Sanchez J, Dalal R, Xia X, Lin JH, Singh K, Goldberg JL, Liu WW. Evaluation of Verteporfin as a Novel Antifibrotic Agent in a Rabbit Model of Glaucoma Filtration Surgery: A Pilot Study. Ophthalmol Sci 2024; 4:100448. [PMID: 38261964 PMCID: PMC10797546 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Verteporfin is a benzoporphyrin derivative which is Food and Drug Administration-approved for treatment of choroidal neovascularization in conjunction with photodynamic therapy. It has been shown to prevent fibrosis and scar formation in several organs and represents a promising novel antifibrotic agent for glaucoma surgery. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of verteporfin on wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery. Design Preclinical study using a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Subjects Eight New Zealand white rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery in both eyes. Methods Eyes were randomized into 4 study groups to receive a postoperative subconjunctival injection of 1 mg/mL verteporfin (n = 4), 0.4 mg/mL mitomycin C (MMC; n = 4), 0.4 mg/mL MMC + 1 mg/mL verteporfin (n = 4), or balanced salt solution (BSS) control (n = 4). Bleb survival, vascularity, and morphology were graded using a standard scale over a 30-day period, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored. At 30 days postoperative or surgical failure, histology was performed to evaluate for inflammation, local toxicity, and scarring. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was bleb survival. Secondary outcome measures were IOP, bleb morphology, and bleb histology. Results Compared to BSS control blebs, verteporfin-treated blebs demonstrated a trend toward increased surgical survival (mean 9.8 vs. 7.3 days, log rank P = 0.08). Mitomycin C-treated blebs survived significantly longer than verteporfin-treated blebs (log rank P = 0.009), with all but 1 MMC-treated bleb still surviving at postoperative day 30. There were no significant differences in survival between blebs treated with combination verteporfin + MMC and MMC alone. Mitomycin C-treated blebs were less vascular than verteporfin-treated blebs (mean vascularity score 0.3 ± 0.5 for MMC vs. 1.0 ± 0.0 for verteporfin, P < 0.01). Bleb histology did not reveal any significant toxicity in verteporfin-treated eyes. There were no significant differences in inflammation or scarring across groups. Conclusions Although verteporfin remained inferior to MMC with regard to surgical survival, there was a trend toward increased survival compared with BSS control and it had an excellent safety profile. Further studies with variations in verteporfin dosage and/or application frequency are needed to assess whether this may be a useful adjunct to glaucoma surgery. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Renee M. Cotton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chaow Charoenkijkajorn
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Julian Garcia-Sanchez
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Roopa Dalal
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Xin Xia
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jonathan H. Lin
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jeffrey L. Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Wendy W. Liu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Cen H, Sun M, Zheng B, Peng W, Wen Q, Lin Z, Zhang X, Zhou N, Zhu G, Yu X, Zhang L, Liang L. Hyaluronic acid modified nanocarriers for aerosolized delivery of verteporfin in the treatment of acute lung injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131386. [PMID: 38582458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Verteporfin (VER), a photosensitizer used in macular degeneration therapy, has shown promise in controlling macrophage polarization and alleviating inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, its hydrophobicity, limited bioavailability, and side effects hinder its therapeutic potential. In this study, we aimed to enhance the therapeutic potential of VER through pulmonary nebulized drug delivery for ALI/ARDS treatment. We combined hydrophilic hyaluronic acid (HA) with an oil-in-water system containing a poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer of VER to synthesize HA@PLGA-VER (PHV) nanoparticles with favorable surface characteristics to improve the bioavailability and targeting ability of VER. PHV possesses suitable electrical properties, a narrow size distribution (approximately 200 nm), and favorable stability. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility, safety, and anti-inflammatory responses of the PHV by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization while inducing M2 polarization. The in vivo experiments indicated that the treatment with aerosolized nano-VER (PHV) allowed more drugs to accumulate and penetrate into the lungs, improved the pulmonary function and attenuated lung injury, and mortality of ALI mice, achieving improved therapeutic outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of PHV as a promising delivery system via nebulization for enhancing the therapeutic effects of VER in ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Cen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Mingna Sun
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Bingyu Zheng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Weijie Peng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau
| | - Guanxiong Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, PR China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Lu Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Province, NMPA and State Key Laboratory, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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Zhang YQ, Liu QH, Liu L, Guo PY, Wang RZ, Ba ZC. Verteporfin fluorescence in antineoplastic-treated pancreatic cancer cells found concentrated in mitochondria. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:968-978. [PMID: 38577459 PMCID: PMC10989366 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional treatments for pancreatic cancer (PC) are inadequate. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is non-invasive, and proven safe to kill cancer cells, including PC. However, the mitochondrial concentration of the photosensitizer, such as verteporfin, is key. AIM To investigate the distribution of fluorescence of verteporfin in PC cells treated with antitumor drugs, post-PDT. METHODS Workable survival rates of PC cells (AsPC-1, BxPC-3) were determined with chemotherapy [doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM)] and non-chemotherapy [sirolimus (SRL) and cetuximab (CTX)] drugs in vitro, with or without verteporfin, as measured via MTT, flow cytometry, and laser confocal microscopy. Reduced cell proliferation was associated with GEM that was more enduring compared with DOX. Confocal laser microscopy allowed observation of GEM- and verteporfin-treated PC cells co-stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and MitoTracker Green to differentiate living and dead cells and subcellular localization of verteporfin, respectively. RESULTS Cell survival significantly dropped upon exposure to either chemotherapy drug, but not to SRL or CTX. Both cell lines responded similarly to GEM. The intensity of fluorescence was associated with the concentration of verteporfin. Additional experiments using GEM showed that survival rates of the PC cells treated with 10 μmol/L verteporfin (but not less) were significantly lower relative to nil verteporfin. Living and dead stained cells treated with GEM were distinguishable. After GEM treatment, verteporfin was observed primarily in the mitochondria. CONCLUSION Verteporfin was observed in living cells. In GEM -treated human PC cells, verteporfin was particularly prevalent in the mitochondria. This study supports further study of PDT for the treatment of PC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Hao Liu
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Run-Ze Wang
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Chang Ba
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Zhou W, Lim A, Elmadbouh OHM, Edderkaoui M, Osipov A, Mathison AJ, Urrutia R, Liu T, Wang Q, Pandol SJ. Verteporfin induces lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:493-504. [PMID: 38184120 PMCID: PMC10906657 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has extremely poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 11 %. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major downstream effector of the Hippo-YAP pathway and plays a pivotal role in regulation of cell proliferation and organ regeneration and tumorigenesis. Activation of YAP signaling has been associated with PDAC progression and drug resistance. Verteporfin (VP) is a photosensitizer used for photodynamic therapy and previous work showed that it can function as a YAP inhibitor. The efficacy of VP on human cancer are being tested in several trials. In this study, we examined the effect of VP on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in pancreatic cancer cells, by using fluorescent molecular probes and by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde, a metabolic byproduct and marker of lipid peroxidation. We found that VP causes rapid increase of both overall ROS and lipid peroxide levels, independent of light activation. These effects were not dependent on YAP, as knockdown of YAP did not cause ROS or lipid peroxidation or enhance VP-induced ROS production. Temoporfin, another photodynamic drug, did not show similar activities. In addition, VP treatment led to loss of cell membrane integrity and reduction of viability. Notably, the activity of VP to induce lipid peroxidation was neutralized by ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 or liproxstatin-1. VP treatment also reduced the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an enzyme that protects against lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that VP can induce lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the absence of light activation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which VP inhibits tumor growth and provide insights into development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Adrian Lim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | | | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Lin L, Zheng Y, Li Q, Sun Y, Huang Y, Liang L, Xu L, Zhao YE. Verteporfin regulates corneal neovascularization through inhibition of YAP protein activation. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109747. [PMID: 38072353 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a vision-threatening disease that is becoming a growing public health concern. While Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a critical role in neovascular disease and allow for the sprouting angiogenesis. Verteporfin (VP) is a classical inhibitor of the YAP-TEAD complex, which is used for clinical treatment of neovascular macular degeneration through photodynamic therapy. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of verteporfin (VP) on the inhibition of CNV and its potential mechanism. Rat CNV model were established by suturing in the central cornea and randomly divided into three groups (control, CNV and VP group). Neovascularization was observed by slit lamp to extend along the corneal limbus to the suture line. RNA-sequencing was used to reveal the related pathways on the CNV and the results revealed the vasculature development process and genes related with angiogenesis in CNV. In CNV group, we detected the nuclear translocation of YAP and the expression of CD31 in corneal neovascular endothelial cells through immunofluorescence. After the application of VP, the proliferation, migration and the tube formation of HUVECs were significantly inhibited. Furthermore, VP showed the CNV inhibition by tail vein injection without photoactivation. Then we found that the expression of phosphorylated YAP significantly decreased, and its downstream target protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) increased in the CNV group, while the expression was just opposite in other groups. Besides, both the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and cofilin significantly increased in CNV group, and decreased after VP treatment. Therefore, we conclude that Verteporfin could significantly inhibited the CNV without photoactivation by regulating the activation of YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yining Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lili Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Liming Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yun-E Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Hurley DJ, Gallagher D, Petronzi V, O'Rourke M, Kinsella F, Townley D. Examining the efficacy of verteporfin photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) at different dose & fluence levels. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103848. [PMID: 37858911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a vaso-occlusive treatment for a number of chorioretinal vascular pathologies. We aimed to retrospectively analyse efficiency and safety of PDT for different conditions (central serous retinopathy (CSR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular telangiectasia type 2 and choroidal hemangioma) and with different verteporfin parameters. METHODS Clinical parameters were ascertained from the medical records of patients undergoing PDT over a 6-year period. This included indications for PDT, dosing regimens of verteporfin PDT (which includes treatment dose of verteporfin and fluence). Response to treatment was measured by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) on ocular coherence tomography. Complications and side effects were recorded. RESULTS 67.4 % (31/46) of PDT treatments performed over the last six years were for CSR. In the CSR cohort, there were significant improvements in BCVA (0.47 ± 0.24 to 0.29 ± 0.27, p < 0.05) and CFT (350.2μm ± 66.9 μm to 286.1μm ± 60.6 μm. In the AMD cohort, there was no change in BCVA (1.08 ± 0.52 to 1.07 ± 0.53, p = 0.96) but significant improvement in CFT (488.2μm ± 164.6 μm to 348.7μm ± 65.7 μm, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BCVA or CFT for macular telangiectasia type 2 and choroidal hemangioma. CONCLUSIONS PDT continues to have a role in the management of medical retina conditions. Our results show PDT is most effective in improving and stabilizing visual acuity in CSR, with earlier intervention resulting in better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - David Gallagher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Petronzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Rourke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Kinsella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Townley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Siriwardane DA, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Profiling in-vitro release of verteporfin from VISUDYNE® liposomal formulation and investigating verteporfin binding to human serum albumin. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123449. [PMID: 37776965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
VISUDYNE® is a liposomal formulation of verteporfin, used in the photodynamic therapy of age-related macular degeneration via intravenous administration. In this study, we developed a new in vitro method to quantify verteporfin release from VISUDYNE® under conditions that replicate in vivo conditions using human serum albumin (HSA). Verteporfin release from the liposomes was quantified using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with optical detection. Verteporfin binding to HSA was quantified by measuring HSA fluorescence that is quenched by drugs binding to specific HSA binding sites. The binding constant of verteporfin to HSA was calculated using the Stern Volmer plot and found to be 1.966 × 107 M-1 at 37 °C. Verteporfin binding to HSA involves one albumin binding site and the binding molar ratio between verteporfin and HSA is approximately 1:1. A rapid partitioning of verteporfin from VISUDYNE® onto HSA takes place within 10 min and involves the release of more than 90% of the verteporfin at physiological temperatures. This study verifies this approach of using CE to rapidly separate liposome and HSA-bound drug, thus minimizing drug release artifacts created with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumindika A Siriwardane
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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8
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Katz G, Gur E, Moisseiev J, Leshno A. Early versus delayed photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4055-4065. [PMID: 37498446 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients are sometimes referred to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) with very long-term disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of PDT in CSCR eyes with long-standing disease. METHODS The medical records of the patients that underwent PDT for CSCR between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Cases were divided into two groups based on the duration of disease before PDT treatment: early treatment (3 to 6 months) and delayed treatment (longer than 6 months). The treatment was defined as successful when the subfoveal fluid was absorbed during follow-up. RESULTS The PDT treatment was successful in 76% and 77% of eyes in the early and delayed treatment groups, respectively. Both groups showed significant improvement in central retina measurements at the 3-months follow-up which persisted to the last follow-up visit. The visual acuity (VA) at baseline was significantly worse in the delayed treatment group (0.5 ± 0.26 vs. 0.3 ± 0.24, P = 0.042) and improved in both groups but remained low in the delayed treatment group during the study. CONCLUSION We suggest that if CSCR is not spontaneously improving over 3 months the patient should be offered PDT, to prevent VA loss from the long-term presence of subretinal fluid in the macula. PDT is not associated with loss of vision in eyes with chronic CSCR, and can be safely used in eyes with relatively good VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Katz
- Ophthalomology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Efrat Gur
- Ophthalomology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Joseph Moisseiev
- Ophthalomology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ari Leshno
- Ophthalomology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Wang XW, Yang ZY, Li T, Zhao XR, Li XZ, Wang XX. Verteporfin Exerts Anticancer Effects and Reverses Resistance to Paclitaxel via Inducing Ferroptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00891-z. [PMID: 37751128 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death and targeting ferroptosis provides a novel therapeutic approach for human cancers. Verteporfin (VP) has been identified as a Yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibitor for treatment of several human cancers. However, it remains unclear whether VP exerts anticancer activity by inducing ferroptosis in ESCC cells. In the current study, we found that VP reduced cell viability and led to cell death in ESCC cell lines (KYSE150 and KYSE30) by inhibiting YAP expression. Subsequently, the findings revealed that VP treatment triggered significant ferroptosis events, including accumulation of Fe2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. Further study showed that the effects of ESCC cell proliferation and death caused by VP could be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Moreover, VP enhanced the chemosensitivity of ESCC resistant cells to paclitaxel (PTX). And VP combined with PTX can synergistically inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death by triggering ferroptosis of PTX-resistant cells. All these data suggested that VP suppressed ESCC cell survival and reversed resistance to PTX through inducing ferroptosis, which may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zi-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Wang XW, Zhao R, Yang ZY, Li T, Yang JC, Wang XL, Li XT, Zhao XR, Li XZ, Wang XX. YAP inhibitor verteporfin suppresses tumor angiogenesis and overcomes chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7703-7716. [PMID: 37000262 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting angiogenesis is an attractive strategy for the effective treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activities of YAP inhibitor verteporfin (VP) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells through its inhibitory effect on tumor angiogenesis. METHODS Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion abilities were estimated by MTT, colony formation, DAPI staining, wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation assay and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model were used to observe angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The interactions between ESCC cells and HUVECs were assessed by cell chemotactic migration and adhesion assays. The expression levels of angiogenesis-related molecules were detected by Western blot. RESULTS We found that VP was potential to inhibit ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis in the dose-dependent fashion. VP also significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs and promoted apoptosis of HUVECs, and reduced angiogenesis in CAM. Moreover, VP inhibited ESCC cell-induced angiogenesis in vitro by decreasing HUVEC chemotactic migration, adhesion and tube formation, and also reduced ESCC cell-induced neovascularization of the CAM in vivo. In addition, VP suppressed the expression of pro-angiogenic molecules such as VEGFA, MMP-2 and β-catenin in ESCC cells. Furtherly, VP increased the chemosensitivity of ESCC-resistant cells to paclitaxel (PTX). The combination of VP and PTX attenuated the resistant cell-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These results reveal for the first time that VP potently inhibits malignant progression and overcomes chemoresistance of ESCC cells via inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. It provides insight into a new strategy for the treatment of ESCC that VP could be a potential drug candidate for targeting tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zi-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-Ting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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11
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Servillo A, Sacconi R, Zucchiatti I, Grachova E, Querques L, Prascina F, Tombolini B, Dorin G, Mainster M, Bandello F, Querques G. No-Dose Photodynamic Therapy Against Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2199-2208. [PMID: 37289355 PMCID: PMC10287588 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to describe the effects of no-dose full-fluence photodynamic therapy without verteporfin (no-dose PDT) and to compare no-dose PDT with half-dose verteporfin full-fluence photodynamic therapy (HDFF PDT) for managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC). METHODS This retrospective study evaluated 11 patients with chronic recurrent CSC treated with no-dose PDT between January 2019 and March 2022. Most of these patients were also treated with HDFF PDT a minimum of 3 months before and were considered as the control group. We described the changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum subretinal fluid (mSRF), foveal subretinal fluid (fSRF), and choroidal thickness (CT) 8 ± 2 weeks after no-dose PDT, and we compared BVCA, mSRF, fSRF, and CT of no-dose PDT with those of the of same patients previously treated with HDFF PDT. RESULTS Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (10 male, mean age 54 ± 12 years) received no-dose PDT; among these, 10 eyes of 8 patients (7 male, mean age 53 ± 12 years) also received HDFF PDT. Three eyes showed complete resolution of fSRF after no-dose PDT. No significant differences were disclosed between treatment with and without verteporfin comparing BCVA, mSRF, fSRF, and CT at baseline and 8 ± 2 weeks from the treatment (p > 0.05 in all analyses). CONCLUSION BVCA and CT significantly improved after no-dose PDT. Short-term functional and anatomical treatment outcomes for cCSC were similar for HDFF PDT and no-dose PDT. We hypothesize that the potential benefits of no-dose PDT may arise from thermal elevation that triggers and enhances photochemical activities by endogenous fluorophores, activating a biochemical cascade response that rescues/replaces sick, dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Results of this study suggest the potential value of a prospective clinical trial to evaluate no-dose PDT for managing cCSC, especially when verteporfin is contraindicated or unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Servillo
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zucchiatti
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Grachova
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lea Querques
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Prascina
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tombolini
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martin Mainster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas Medical School of Medicine, Prairie Village, KS, USA
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Division of Head and Neck, Ophthalmology Unit, University Vita-Salute, IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Chen K, Liu Y, Liu X, Guo Y, Liu J, Ding J, Zhang Z, Ni X, Chen Y. Hyaluronic acid-modified and verteporfin-loaded polylactic acid nanogels promote scarless wound healing by accelerating wound re-epithelialization and controlling scar formation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:241. [PMID: 37496007 PMCID: PMC10369727 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a common occurrence. However, delayed healing and aberrant scarring result in pathological wound healing. Accordingly, a scarless wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we constructed hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified and verteporfin (VP)-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) nanogels (HA/VP-PLA) to promote scarless wound healing by accelerating wound re-epithelialization and controlling scar formation. Owing to the unique structure of HA incorporating and coating in VP-loaded PLA nanoparticles, HA/VP-PLA could be topically applied on wound to achieve targeted delivery to fibroblasts. Then, HA/VP-PLA released HA and lactic acid (LA) to stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, as well as VP to inhibit Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression and nuclear localization to suppress fibrosis. In vitro (skin fibroblasts) and in vivo (rat and rabbit models) experiments strongly suggested that HA/VP-PLA promoted scarless wound healing by accelerating wound re-epithelialization and controlling scar formation. Therefore, our work provides a feasible strategy for scarless wound healing, and the sophisticated HA/VP-PLA exhibit a great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yuanhu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children' s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children' s Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children' s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children' s Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children' s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children' s Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children' s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children' s Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Burn, Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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13
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Herwig-Carl MC, Loeffler KU, Schulze I, Holz FG, Geerling G. [Bottlenecks in the availability of ophthalmological medications : Initiative of the Working Group on Ethics in Ophthalmology of the DOG and the University Eye Clinic Bonn]. Ophthalmologie 2023; 120:178-183. [PMID: 35925354 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bottlenecks in drug supply in the field of ophthalmological are continuously increasing in Germany. So far, these have hardly been communicated and discussed. We see the transparent presentation of the problem as a first step in compiling concepts to counteract this development. AIM OF THE WORK Presentation of the supply shortages in ophthalmological drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A listing and discussion of the shortages in drug supply to the best of our knowledge are presented. RESULTS We distinguish between the problems in (1) supply shortages, (2) discontinuation of production, (3) lack of availability in Germany and (4) manufacture of drugs in specialized pharmacies often lacking approval for the ophthalmological indications. DISCUSSION The reasons for drug supply shortages in ophthalmology are complex and therefore no easy solutions can be expected; however, industrial and regulatory authorities at the national and European levels are called upon to analyze the underlying problems and to find appropriate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Herwig-Carl
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Gebäude 04/05, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland. .,Ophthalmopathologisches Labor, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - K U Loeffler
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Gebäude 04/05, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.,Ophthalmopathologisches Labor, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - I Schulze
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - F G Holz
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Gebäude 04/05, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - G Geerling
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Souce M, Tfayli A, Rosilio V, Nicolis I, Kasselouri A. Photosensitizers incorporation in SOPC films at different hydration levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2023; 1865:184077. [PMID: 36302493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, two photosensitizing drugs, Temoporfin and Verteporfin have been studied. Both have regular approval in Europe, Temoporfin for the treatment of head and neck cancers and Verteporfin for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The treatment modality, known as "Photodynamic Therapy" (PDT), involves drug activation with visible light in the presence of oxygen and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to destroy the pathological tissues. Both drugs are inactive in the absence of light, presenting only few side effects. The incorporation of the two drugs into a SOPC bilayer -used as a model membrane- was studied by ATR-FTIR. An original approach was applied, involving lyotropic transitions and a very slow dehydration rate of the sample. In low water content and dry film, Temoporfin highly affects stretching vibrations of SOPC chains and polar groups, showing that Temoporfin is inserted into the bilayer in both apolar and polar regions. In fully hydrated layers, Temoporfin - SOPC interactions still take place but only impact Temoporfin vibration bands. Verteporfin shows smaller effect on both chain and polar groups' vibrations of SOPC, with the exception of choline group, suggesting that Verteporfin is inserted into the bilayer to a lesser extent and remains at the bilayer polar interface. These results can be used to better understand drugs behavior in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Souce
- Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Ioannis Nicolis
- UR 7537 - BioSTM « Biostatistique, Traitement et Modélisation des données biologiques » Université Paris Cité, F-75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Athena Kasselouri
- Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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15
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Qi C, Hu Y, Zeng M, Chen H, Shi J, Jue H, Zhao Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wu H. Verteporfin inhibits the dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells via TGF-β1/Smad pathway but induces podocyte loss in diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2022; 311:121186. [PMID: 36375573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells has been identified as an important trigger of renal fibrosis. The Hippo pathway is a crucial regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we determined the role of Hippo proteins in tubular dedifferentiation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). MAIN METHODS In this study, we measured dedifferentiation markers and Hippo proteins in db/db mice and high glucose treated tubular epithelial cells. Then, verteporfin and knockdown of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS) 1 and 2 were performed to uncover therapeutic targets for DN. KEY FINDINGS Here, we found dedifferentiation and upregulated Hippo proteins in tubular epithelial cells in DN model both in vivo and in vitro. Both verteporfin and LATS knockdown could inhibit the tubular mesenchymal transition, but verteporfin showed broad inhibitory effect on Hippo proteins, especially nuclear YAP, and exacerbated podocyte loss of DN. LATS2 knockdown did not reverse the tubular E-Cadherin loss while it also induced podocyte apoptosis. Overall, intervention of LATS1 inhibited tubular dedifferentiation efficiently without affecting YAP and bringing podocyte apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the TGF-β1/Smad, instead of the YAP-TEAD-CTGF signaling, might be the underlying pathway through which verteporfin and LATS1 engaged in the tubular dedifferentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, verteporfin is not a suitable treatment for DN owing to evitable podocyte loss and apoptosis. Targeting LATS1 is a better choice worthy of further investigation for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongru Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Jue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Jeising S, Geerling G, Guthoff R, Hänggi D, Sabel M, Rapp M, Nickel AC. In-Vitro Use of Verteporfin for Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103049. [PMID: 35932958 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stummer et al. established fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for glioblastoma (GBM) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Its metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), is also a photosensitizer and can be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a laser beam of 635 nm. The porphyrin derivate verteporfin (VP) was discovered to have properties to penetrate the brain, pharmacologically target glioma cells, and is approved for PDT of choroidal neovascularization in wet age-related macular degeneration at 689 nm. OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether GBM cell lines are susceptible to PDT with second-generation photosensitizer VP. METHODS Human glioma cell lines LN229, HSR-GBM1, and a low-passage patient-derived GBM cell line P1 were treated with variable concentrations of VP for 24 h, followed by PDT at 689 nm using a diode laser light. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay and VP uptake was measured using a desktop cytometer. RESULTS Significantly higher cell death following PDT with VP compared to VP treatment alone or no treatment was detected in all cell models (LN229, HSR-GBM1, P1). Flowcytometric measurements revealed a concentration-dependent cellular uptake of VP after 24 h incubation up to 99% at 10 µM (HSR-GBM1). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that PDT with VP causes cell death in GBM cells at marginal concentrations. Additionally, red spectrum fluorescence was detected at therapeutic concentrations in all cell lines, validating the cellular uptake of VP in GBM cells. VP, therefore, is not only a potential drug for targeting GBM pharmacologically but can be used as an optical imaging dye in surgery and photosensitizer to make GBM susceptible to PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jeising
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Rainer Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michael Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Marion Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ann-Christin Nickel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Edano M, Kanda T, Tarumoto R, Hamamoto W, Hasegawa T, Mae Y, Onoyama T, Takata T, Sugihara T, Isomoto H. Intracellular glutathione levels affect the outcomes of verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103090. [PMID: 36031142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces cancer cell death by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this process, photosensitizers accumulate in cancer cells irradiated by laser light of a specific wavelength, leading to ROS generation. Verteporfin (VP), a second-generation photosensitizer, is used in PDT for age-related macular degeneration. However, the antitumor effects of VP-PDT remain poorly defined. This study investigated the antitumor effects of VP-PDT on esophageal cancer (EC) cell lines in vitro. Two types of EC cell lines, the KYSE30 cell line, derived from highly differentiated esophageal carcinoma, and the KYSE170 cell line, derived from moderately differentiated carcinoma, were used in this study. VP-PDT exerted effective anticancer effects in both cell lines. Our results revealed that the low-density lipoprotein receptor, albumin receptor, and heme carrier protein-1 in VP uptake were not involved in VP uptake. However, cells rich in intracellular glutathione were resistant to VP-PDT. Our study outcomes suggest that lowering intracellular glutathione via a glutathione synthesis inhibitor or sulfasalazine can increase the effectiveness of VP-PDT-mediated anticancer effects.
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Li S, Zhou X, Zeng R, Lin L, Zou X, Yan Y, Lu Z, Xia J, Zhang L, Ni S, Dai S, Chen H, Zhao Y. YAP1 silencing attenuated lung injury/fibrosis but worsened diaphragmatic function by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation response in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:485-498. [PMID: 36336232 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial mechanism in the pathophysiology of lung injury/fibrosis and diaphragmatic dysfunction. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a key oxidative stress response regulator. However, how lung injury/fibrosis and the subsequent YAP1 silencing treatment affect diaphragmatic function remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, mice models of acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and paraquat exposure were used to establish acute lung injury and chronic pulmonary fibrosis. AT2 and C2C12 cells were co-cultured under LPS and paraquat challenge. YAP1 was interfered with shRNA given in vivo and verteporfin administration in vitro. Pulmonary histology, contractile properties, and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the diaphragm and gastrocnemius were evaluated. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed for targeted biomarker determination. We found that LPS and paraquat caused significant lung injury/fibrosis and significantly reduced the diaphragmatic-specific force and CSAs compared with the control. YAP1 silencing alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration or collagen deposition in the lungs yet worsened the already impaired diaphragmatic function by increasing inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) emission, protein degradation (Murf-1, atrogin-1, and calpain), and decreasing antioxidant capabilities (superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase). No significant improvements were observed in diaphragmatic function by transient YAP1 knockdown in the gastrocnemius. In vitro, LPS- or paraquat-caused cytotoxicity in AT2 cells was mostly alleviated by verteporfin in a concentration that was 20-fold higher than that in C2C12 cells (20 and 1 μg/mL, respectively). Finally, 0.5 μg/mL of verteporfin significantly ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-induced proteolytic activity and antioxidant enzyme suppression in C2C12 cells, whereas 2 μg/mL of verteporfin deteriorated the same. Collectively, lung injury/fibrosis adversely affects the diaphragm. YAP1 inhibition alleviates lung injury/fibrosis but worsens diaphragmatic function potentially by enhancing inflammatory cytokines and ROS-mediated protein degradation. This disparity might be attributed to differences in susceptibility to YAP1 inhibition between muscles and the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Li
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xianlong Zhou
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Lin
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xingnan Zou
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shaozhou Ni
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Dai
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Haihua Chen
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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19
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Sang R, Deng F, Engel A, Goldys E, Deng W. Lipid-polymer nanocarrier platform enables X-ray induced photodynamic therapy against human colorectal cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113837. [PMID: 36271586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we brought together X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) and chemo-drug (5-FU) for the treatment on colorectal cancer cells. This was achieved by developing a lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle delivery system (FA-LPNPs-VP-5-FU). It was prepared by incorporating a photosensitizer (verteporfin), chemotherapy drug (5-FU) and a targeting moiety (folic acid) into one platform. The average size of these nanoparticles was around 100 nm with low polydispersity. When exposed to clinical doses of 4 Gy X-ray radiation, FA-LPNPs-VP-5-FU generated sufficient amounts of reactive oxygen species, triggering the apoptosis and necrosis pathway of cancer cells. Our combined X-PDT and chemo-drug strategy was effective in inhibiting cancer cells' growth and proliferation. Cell cycle analyses revealed that our treatment induced G2/M and S phase arrest in HCT116 cells. Our results indicate that this combined treatment provides better antitumour effect in colorectal cancer cells than each of these modalities alone. This may offer a novel approach for effective colorectal cancer treatment with reduced off-target effect and drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fei Deng
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander Engel
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Yue P, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhou K, Xia S, Peng M, Yan H, Tang X, Chen Z, Zhang D, Guo J, Pu WT, Guo Y, Hua Y, Li Y. Yap1 modulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in response to chronic mechanical stress overload. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:7009-7031. [PMID: 36276651 PMCID: PMC9576622 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic pressure overload is a major trigger of cardiac pathological hypertrophy that eventually leads to heart disease and heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms governing hypertrophy is the key to develop therapeutic strategies for heart diseases. Methods: We built chronic pressure overload mice model by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) to explore the features of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Then AAV-cTNT-Cre was applied to Yap1F/F mice to induce mosaic depletion of YAP1. Myh6CreERT2; H11CAG-LSL-YAP1 mice were involved to establish YAP1 overexpression model by Tomaxifen injection. ATAC-seq and bioChIP-seq were used to explore the potential targets of YAP1, which were verified by a series of luciferase reporter assays. Dnm1l and Mfn1 were re-expressed in AAC mice by AAV-cTNT-Dnm1l and AAV-cTNT-Mfn1. Finally, Verteprofin was used to inhibit YAP1 to rescue cardiac hypertrophy. Results: We found that pathological hypertrophy was accompanied with the activation of YAP1. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Yap1 attenuated AAC-induced hypertrophy. Overexpression of YAP1 was sufficient to phenocopy AAC-induced hypertrophy. YAP1 activation resulted in the perturbation of mitochondria ultrastructure and function, which was associated with the repression of mitochondria dynamics regulators Dnm1l and Mfn1. Mitochondrial-related genes Dnm1l and Mfn1, are significantly targeted by TEAD1/YAP complex. Overexpression of Dnm1l and Mfn1 synergistically rescued YAP1-induced mitochondrial damages and cardiac hypertrophy. Pharmacological repression of YAP1 by verteporfin attenuated mitochondrial damages and pathological hypertrophy in AAC-treated mice. Interestingly, YAP1-induced mitochondria damages also led to increased reactive oxidative species, DNA damages, and the suppression of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Conclusion: Together, these data uncovered YAP signaling as a therapeutic target for pressure overload-induced heart diseases and cautioned the efforts to induce cardiomyocyte regeneration by activating YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shutao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Mou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hualin Yan
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Junling Guo
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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21
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Fu J, McGrath NA, Lee J, Wang X, Brar G, Xie C. Verteporfin synergizes the efficacy of anti-PD-1 in cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:485-492. [PMID: 35307294 PMCID: PMC9463402 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the primary hepatobiliary malignant neoplasms with only 10% of 5-year survival rate. Promising immunotherapy with the blockade of immune checkpoints has no clear benefit in CCA. The inhibition of YAP1 signaling by verteporfin has shown encouraging results by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of the combination of verteporfin and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in CCA mouse model. METHODS We assessed the cytotoxicity of verteporfin in human CCA cell lines in vitro, including both intrahepatic CCA and extrahepatic CCA cells. We examined the in vitro effect of verteporfin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stemness. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of verteporfin, anti-PD-1, and a combination of both in subcutaneous CCA mouse model. RESULTS Our study showed that verteporfin reduced tumor cell growth and enhanced apoptosis of human CCA tumor cells in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. Nevertheless, verteporfin impaired stemness evidenced by reduced spheroid formation and colony formation, decreased numbers of cells with aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and positive cancer stem cell markers (all P < 0.05). The combination of verteporfin and anti-PD-1 reduced tumor burden in CCA subcutaneous SB1 tumor model compared to either agent alone. CONCLUSIONS Verteporfin exhibits antitumor effects in both intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA cell lines and the combination with anti-PD-1 inhibited tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Fu
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A McGrath
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jihye Lee
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gagandeep Brar
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Changqing Xie
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Licciardi M, Varvarà P, Tranchina L, Puleio R, Cicero L, Cassata G, Giammona G. In vivo efficacy of verteporfin loaded gold nanorods for combined photothermal/photodynamic colon cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122134. [PMID: 36007850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of cancer recurrences and the frequent occurrence of multidrug resistance often stem from a poorly selective and inefficient antineoplastic therapy, responsible for the onset of undesired side effects as well. A combination of minimal-invasive approaches could thus be a useful strategy to surmount these shortcomings, achieving a safe and solid cancer therapy. Herein, a multi-therapeutic nanotool was designed by merging the photothermal properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with the photodynamic activity of the photosensitizer verteporfin. AuNRs were coated with the natural materials lipoic acid and gellan gum (AuNRs_LA,GG) and subsequently loaded with verteporfin (AuNRs_LA,GG/Vert) producing stable colloidal dispersions. AuNRs_LA,GG/Vert were characterized in terms of stability, size and morphology. The hyperthermia exhibited after NIR excitation (810 nm) was also evaluated to highlight the effect on increasing the drug released profile in intra-tumoral mimicking media, as well as cytotoxicity on human colon cancer cell line (HCT116). In vivo studies on HCT116 murine xenograft models were carried out to prove the ability of AuNRs_LA,GG to arrest the tumor growth via NIR laser-triggered hyperthermia. Furthermore, the complete xenograft depletion was demonstrated upon AuNRs_LA,GG/Vert administration by combined photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) effects.
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23
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Turkoglu EB, Rao R, Celik E. Long term outcome of adjuvant photodynamic therapy after cyberknife radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102840. [PMID: 35367617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal melanoma as adjuvant treatment with CyberKnife radiotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS Standard-fluence PDT using verteporfin. OUTCOME MEASURES Regression of tumor; resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF); change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications of PDT. RESULTS The study included 16 choroidal melanomas (3 pigmented, 4 lightly pigmented, 9 amelanotic) treated with adjuvant PDT after CyberKnife radiotherapy. The mean follow up time was 45.5 months after the initial PDT. 13 patients improved completely with PDT sessions and growth was seen in 3 patients. There was seen completely resolution in SRF in 10 eyes, partial resolution in 3 eyes, and stable in 3 eyes. The mean thickness of tumors was 3.9 mm before PDT and 2.3 mm after PDT. Retina pigment epithelium atrophy in 3 patients and subretinal hemorrhage in 1 patient were seen as complication of PDT. Three patients underwent enucleation for recurrence in the tumor. There was not a higher rate of change in BCVA after PDT (37.5% stable; 25% increase; 37.5% decrease. Poor final visual acuity associated with worse initial visual acuity, proximity of the tumor to the foveola and optic disc, and radiation complications. CONCLUSIONS PDT seems to offer a good option for posterior pole choroidal melanoma as adjuvant therapy in suitable cases. Future prospective studies with larger number of patients and with longer follow-up are needed to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Betul Turkoglu
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Raksha Rao
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India
| | - Erkan Celik
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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24
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Dos Santos EC, Lalonde-Larue A, Antoniazzi AQ, Barreta MH, Price CA, Dias Gonçalves PB, Portela VM, Zamberlam G. YAP signaling in preovulatory granulosa cells is critical for the functioning of the EGF network during ovulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 541:111524. [PMID: 34856345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Failure to ovulate is a major cause of infertility. The critical pathway that induces ovulation involves the EGF and MAPK phosphorylation, but studies in rodents have suggested that the Hippo activator, YAP, is also involved. It is unknown whether YAP-dependent transcriptional activity is important for the LH- or EGF-induced ovulatory cascade in monovulatory species such as the cow. Using a well-defined preovulatory GC culture system, we employed pharmacological inhibitors to demonstrate that YAP signaling is critical for expression of EGFR and downstream target genes EREG, EGR1 and TNFAIP6. Most importantly, by using an ultrasound guided follicle injection system, we also showed that the classic Hippo signaling inhibitor Verteporfin inhibits GnRH-induced ovulation in vivo in cattle. In conclusion, YAP transcriptional activity is critical for EGF-like cascade induced by LH to promote ovulation in a monovulatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esdras Corrêa Dos Santos
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Canada
| | - Ariane Lalonde-Larue
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Canada
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Henrique Barreta
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Physiology, LAFRA, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos, SC, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Price
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Canada
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Federal University of Pampa (Unipampa), Uruguaiana, RS, 97501-970, Brazil
| | - Valério Marques Portela
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Zamberlam
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine Vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Canada.
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25
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Koch J, Portela VM, Dos Santos EC, Missio D, de Andrade LG, da Silva Z, Gasperin BG, Antoniazzi AQ, Gonçalves PBD, Zamberlam G. The Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ interact with EGF-like signaling to regulate expansion-related events in bovine cumulus cells in vitro. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:481-92. [PMID: 35091965 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the inhibition of the interaction between the Hippo effector YAP or its transcriptional co-activator TAZ with the TEAD family of transcription factors is critical for the cumulus expansion-related events induced by the EGF network in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). METHODS We performed a series of experiments using immature bovine COCs subjected to an IVM protocol for up 24 h in which cumulus expansion was stimulated with EGF recombinant protein or FSH. RESULTS The main results indicated that EGFR activity stimulation in bovine cumulus cells (CC) increases mRNA levels encoding the classic YAP/TAZ-TEAD target gene CTGF. To determine if important genes for cumulus expansion are transcriptional targets of YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction in CC, COCs were then subjected to IVM in the presence of FSH with or without distinct concentrations of Verteporfin (VP; a small molecule inhibitor that interferes with YAP/TAZ binding to TEADs). COCs were then collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h for total RNA extraction and RT-qPCR analyses. This experiment indicated that VP inhibits in a time- and concentration-dependent manner distinct cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation-related genes, by regulating EGFR and CTGF expression in CC. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results presented herein represent considerable insight into the functional relevance of a completely novel signaling pathway underlying cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation in monovulatory species. YAP/TAZ or CTGF may represent potential targets to improve the efficiency of IVM systems, not only for monovulatory species of agricultural importance as the cow, but for human embryo production.
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Barrette AM, Ronk H, Joshi T, Mussa Z, Mehrotra M, Bouras A, Nudelman G, Jesu Raj JG, Bozec D, Lam W, Houldsworth J, Yong R, Zaslavsky E, Hadjipanayis CG, Birtwistle MR, Tsankova NM. Anti-invasive efficacy and survival benefit of the YAP-TEAD inhibitor Verteporfin in preclinical glioblastoma models. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:694-707. [PMID: 34657158 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a largely incurable disease as current therapy fails to target the invasive nature of GBM growth in disease progression and recurrence. Here we use the FDA-approved drug and small molecule Hippo inhibitor Verteporfin to target YAP-TEAD activity, known to mediate convergent aspects of tumor invasion/metastasis, and assess the drug's efficacy and survival benefit in GBM models. METHODS Up to eight low-passage patient-derived GBM cell lines with distinct genomic drivers, including three primary/recurrent pairs, were treated with Verteporfin or vehicle to assess in-vitro effects on proliferation, migration, YAP-TEAD activity, and transcriptomics. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models (PDX) were used to assess Verteporfin's brain penetrance and effects on tumor burden and survival. RESULTS Verteporfin treatment disturbed YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity; disrupted transcriptome signatures related to invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal, and proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, phenocopying TEAD1-knockout effects; and impaired tumor migration/invasion dynamics across primary and recurrent GBM lines. In an aggressive orthotopic PDX GBM model, short-term Verteporfin treatment consistently diminished core and infiltrative tumor burden, which was associated with decreased tumor expression of Ki67, nuclear YAP, TEAD1, and TEAD-associated targets EGFR, CDH2 and ITGB1. Finally, long-term Verteporfin treatment appeared non-toxic and conferred survival benefit compared to vehicle in two PDX models: as monotherapy in primary (de-novo) GBM and in combination with Temozolomide chemoradiation in recurrent GBM, where VP treatment associated with increased MGMT methylation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate combined anti-invasive and anti-proliferative efficacy for Verteporfin with survival benefit in preclinical GBM models, indicating potential therapeutic value of this already FDA-approved drug if repurposed for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Barrette
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Halle Ronk
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zarmeen Mussa
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meenakshi Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandros Bouras
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joe G Jesu Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominique Bozec
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Lam
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymund Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Du W, Lee YC, Wang T, Cui H, Xu H, Bao X, Tang X, Zhao M. Dose-Related Structural Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Rabbit Choroidal Structure. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:1037-1047. [PMID: 34510043 DOI: 10.1159/000519328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (vPDT) has been shown to be effective against central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and was the preferred therapeutic for CSC treatment. However, alterations in choroidal structure after PDT were reported, and these effects were dose-dependent. This study aimed to compare the changes in choroidal structure after PDT with different doses of verteporfin in rabbits and may provide individualized therapeutic guidance for patients who failed to respond to initial half-dose vPDT. METHODS The full dose of verteporfin used in CSC was 6 mg/m2, which was used in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Laser fluence was 50 J/cm2 (irradiance, 600 mW/cm2, 83 s). There were 4 different dose groups in this study (100%, 70%, 50%, and 30%). The alterations were examined at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after vPDT using color fundus imaging, indocyanine green angiography, and histopathology analysis. RESULTS Various degrees of choroidal alterations were demonstrated at different dose groups. Examinations on day 1 showed that gradually reduced verteporfin dose tended to decrease photochemical reactions to the choroid in terms of the number of occlusion vessels and area of the lesion. After 1 month, choroid vessel alteration persisted in high-dose groups (100% and 70%); nevertheless, alterations of low-dose groups (50% and 30%) returned to normal. CONCLUSIONS vPDT can induce photochemical reactions of the choroid, high dose causes permanent change, and low dose causes recoverable change. The dose-dependent alterations need to be considered for the individual therapeutic plan according to the situation of a patient with CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Chih Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Quan Y, Li Z, Zhu K, Liang J. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with Hippo/YAP inhibition significantly improve the survival of rats with transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:74. [PMID: 34304741 PMCID: PMC8310593 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the effect of inhibiting the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway on the outcomes of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A transplanted HCC rat model was established. Then, rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, TACE, verteporfin (inhibitor of Hippo/YAP), and TACE+verteporfin. Lent-OE-YAP was transfected into rats to overexpress YAP in vivo. After treatments, morphological changes, tumor weight, and the overall survival of rats in different groups were analyzed. Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of factors related to the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway. Results Tumor weight and tissue lesions in the TACE and verteporfin groups were significantly reduced compared with the Sham group. Verteporfin significantly decreased tumor weight after TACE treatment. In addition, verteporfin significantly improved the overall survival of rats with transplanted HCC after TACE treatment. Compared with the Sham group, both TACE and verteporfin groups exhibited significantly decreased expression of macrophage-stimulating (MST)1, MST2, long-acting thyroid stimulator 1, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), Yes-associated protein (YAP), TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD)1, TEAD2, TEAD3, and TEAD4. TACE plus verteporfin significantly enhanced the downregulation of effectors in the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway and decreased tumor size, while the overexpression of YAP exerted opposite effects. Conclusion The inhibition of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway via verteporfin significantly improved the outcomes of TACE in treating transplanted HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01486-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Department of Oncology Medilcal Center, The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526000, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Interventional, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jundi Liang
- Department of Oncology Medilcal Center, The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526000, China
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Demiral A, Verimli N, Goralı Sİ, Yılmaz H, Çulha M, Erdem SS. A Rational design of multi-functional nanoplatform: Fluorescent-based "off-on" theranostic gold nanoparticles modified with D-α-Tocopherol succinate. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 222:112261. [PMID: 34330081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial to develop nanocarrier systems to detect and treat drug-resistant micro tumors to prevent recurrence and/or metastasis of cancer. Due to their exceptional features such as biocompatibility, easy surface modification, serving as imaging and therapeutic agent, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) draw attention as theranostic agents. It is beneficial to combine AuNPs with a second imaging and/or treatment modality such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a non-mutagenic treatment approach in which photosensitizer is activated with light, generating reactive oxygen species and/or free radicals to destroy tumor cells. With the aim of developing "off-on" theranostic system, citrate stabilized spherical 13 nm AuNPs were densely coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). To advance the theranostic feature of PEGylated AuNPs, they were further functionalized with FDA-Approved photosensitizer, Verteporfin (BPD-MA). Due to static quenching between BPD-MA and AuNPs as well as in between nearby BPD-MA molecules, the fluorescence of the ground state complex is quenched and the system is in "off" state. When BPD-MA molecules are cleaved from the AuNPs surface and diffuse away, fluorescence is recovered. Consequently, the system switches to the "on" state. Among the various mole ratios of BPD-MA carrying conjugates prepared, the most promising candidate was selected based on stability, quenching factor, and fluorescence recovery rate. The conjugate was further decorated with D-α-Tocopherol succinate (VitES) to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the theranostic agent via enhancing cellular uptake. Our results showed that it was possible to achieve as high as 80 times fluorescence quenching when the system was "off". As the system switched from "off" to "on" state, 51% of the fluorescence was recovered. When BPD-MA was immobilized on the PEGylated AuNPs, the phototoxic effect of BPD-MA increased twice against the MCF-7 cell line. Moreover, the developed system showed four times more phototoxicity than BPD-MA alone after it was decorated with VitES. Since the developed system is capable of dual imaging (computed tomography and fluorescence) and dual treatment (PDT and hyperthermia), it potentially offers superior imaging and therapy options for various types of in vitro/in vivo applications.
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Takeda T, Tsubaki M, Genno S, Matsuda T, Yamamoto Y, Kimura A, Shimizu N, Nishida S. Inhibition of yes-associated protein suppresses migration, invasion, and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:221-228. [PMID: 34196881 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer with one of the most prevalent malignant tumors. Metastasis in NSCLC is the major cause of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator regulated by the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway that regulates organ size, growth, and regeneration. YAP is highly expressed in several malignant tumor types. Furthermore, YAP promotes tumor initiation and/or progression in various types of cancer. However, it is unclear whether YAP contributes to the metastasis in NSCLC and serves as a useful therapeutic target. Here, we investigated whether levels of YAP correlate with metastatic phenotype in NSCLC cells and serve as a useful therapeutic target. We found that high levels of YAP associate with high cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, YAP siRNA decreased the migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. Additionally, verteporfin, an agent used for the treatment of symptomatic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, decreased the expression of YAP and inhibited migration, invasion, and metastasis in NSCLC cells. Thus, the study suggests that targeting YAP may present a new avenue to develop therapeutics against metastasis in NSCLC and that verteporfin has potential molecular therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Genno
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuuta Yamamoto
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kimura
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nao Shimizu
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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Gu C, Wu Y, Guo H, Zhu Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Sun Z, Cai X, Li Y, Liu J, Huang Z, Yuan Z, Zhang R, Deng Q, Qu D, Xie Y. Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:925-936. [PMID: 33318880 PMCID: PMC7724564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading rapidly worldwide. Efficacious antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we discovered that protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and verteporfin, two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, completely inhibited the cytopathic effect produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at 1.25 μmol/L and 0.31 μmol/L, respectively, and their EC50 values of reduction of viral RNA were at nanomolar concentrations. The selectivity indices of PpIX and verteporfin were 952.74 and 368.93, respectively, suggesting a broad margin of safety. Importantly, PpIX and verteporfin prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice adenovirally transduced with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The compounds, sharing a porphyrin ring structure, were shown to bind viral receptor ACE2 and interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain of viral S protein. Our study suggests that PpIX and verteporfin are potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection and sheds new light on developing novel chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiping Sun
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Cai
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yutang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Children's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Saini H, Sharma H, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury S, Chowdhury R. Verteporfin disrupts multiple steps of autophagy and regulates p53 to sensitize osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33446200 PMCID: PMC7807844 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor of the bone mostly observed in children and adolescents. The current treatment approach includes neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, drug resistance often hinders therapy in OS patients. Also, the post-relapse survival of OS patients is as low as 20%. We therefore planned to understand the molecular cause for its poor prognosis and design an appropriate therapeutic strategy to combat the disease. Methods We analyzed OS patient dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and identified the differentially expressed genes and the top deregulated pathways in OS. Subsequently, drugs targeting the major de-regulated pathways were selected and the following assays were conducted- MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity of drugs in OS cells; immunoblotting and immunostaining to analyze key protein expression and localization after drug treatment; LysoTracker staining to monitor lysosomes; Acridine Orange to label acidic vesicles; and DCFDA to measure Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Results The differential gene expression analysis from OS patient dataset implicated the striking involvement of cellular processes linked to autophagy and protein processing in the development of OS. We therefore selected the FDA approved drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and verteporfin (VP) known for autophagy inhibitory and proteotoxic functions to explore against OS. Importantly, VP, but not CQ, showed an extensive dose-dependent cytotoxicity. It resulted in autophagy disruption at multiple steps extending from perturbation of early autophagic processes, inhibition of autophagic flux to induction of lysosomal instability. Interestingly, VP treated protein lysates showed a ROS-dependent high molecular weight (HMW) band when probed for P62 and P53 protein. Further, VP triggered accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins as well. Since VP had a pronounced disruptive effect on cellular protein homeostasis, we explored the possibility of simultaneous inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) by MG-132 (MG). Addition of a proteasomal inhibitor significantly aggravated VP induced cytotoxicity. MG co-treatment also led to selective targeting of P53 to the lysosomes. Conclusion Herein, we propose VP and MG induce regulation of autophagy and protein homeostasis which can be exploited as an effective therapeutic strategy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shibasish Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Shi-Wen X, Racanelli M, Ali A, Simon A, Quesnel K, Stratton RJ, Leask A. Verteporfin inhibits the persistent fibrotic phenotype of lesional scleroderma dermal fibroblasts. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:71-80. [PMID: 33398723 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is perpetuated by an autocrine, pro-adhesive signaling loop maintained by the synthetic and contractile abilities of myofibroblasts and the stiff, highly-crosslinked extracellular matrix. Transcriptional complexes that are exquisitely responsive to mechanotransduction include the co-activator YAP1, which regulates the expression of members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins such as CCN2 and CCN1. Although selective YAP1 inhibitors exist, the effect of these inhibitors on profibrotic gene expression in fibroblasts is largely unknown, and is the subject of our current study. Herein, we use genome-wide expression profiling, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, cell migration and collagen gel contraction assays to assess the ability of a selective YAP inhibitor verteporfin (VP) to block fibrogenic activities in dermal fibroblasts from healthy individual human controls and those from isolated from fibrotic lesions of patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). In control fibroblasts, VP selectively reduced expression of fibrogenic genes and also blocked the ability of TGFbeta to induce actin stress fibers in dermal fibroblasts. VP also reduced the persistent profibrotic phenotype of dermal fibroblasts cultured from fibrotic lesions of patients with dcSSc. Our results are consistent with the notion that, in the future, YAP1 inhibitors may represent a novel, valuable method of treating fibrosis as seen in dcSSc.
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Wei C, Li X. Verteporfin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines without light activation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1042. [PMID: 33121449 PMCID: PMC7599100 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) can be divided into five subtypes: Lumina1A, Lumina1B, HER-2 overexpression, Basal-like and Normal breast-like subtype, based on the differently expressed genes in breast cancer tissue. The Hippo signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in BC. The YAP gene is a terminal effector of Hippo pathway, and hyperactivation of YAP mediates tumorigenesis. As an inhibitor of YAP, non-photoactivated verteporfin (VP) can inhibit YAP-mediated tumor proliferation and angiogenesis by eliminating its interaction with TEAD. This study aimed to determine the effect and molecular mechanisms of VP-mediated inhibition of YAP in different subtypes of BC. Methods Luminal A, Luminal B and Basal-like BC cells were cultivated in vitro to study effects of VP on proliferation and apoptosis of these three molecular BC subtypes. Results Our experimental results showed that VP inhibited cell proliferation, YAP-TEAD interaction and expression of its downstream targets. VP also induced tumor cell apoptosis, and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-9 and PARP in the cells of various molecular subtypes of BC. Conclusion These findings provide a basis for the use of VP as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic for BC by targeting the Hippo pathway effector YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.706 TaiShan Road, TaiShan District, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
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35
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de Oliveira DCS, de Freitas CF, Calori IR, Goncalves RS, Cardinali CAEF, Malacarne LC, Ravanelli MI, de Oliveira HPM, Tedesco AC, Caetano W, Hioka N, Tessaro AL. Theranostic verteporfin- loaded lipid-polymer liposome for photodynamic applications. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 212:112039. [PMID: 33002779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report a novel theranostic lipid-polymer liposome, obtained from DPPC and the triblock copolymer F127 covalently modified with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) for photodynamic applications. Due to the presence of F127, small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) liposomes were synthesized by a simple and fast thin-film hydration method without the need for an extrusion process. The vesicles have around 100 nm, low polydispersity and superb solution stability. The clinically used photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) was entrapped into the vesicles, mostly in monomeric form, with 90% loading efficiency. Stern-Volmer and fluorescence lifetime assays showed heterogeneous distribution of the VP and CF into the vesicles, ensuring the integrity of their individual photophysical properties. The theranostic properties were entirely photoactivatable and can be trigged by a unique wavelength (470 nm). The feasibility of the system was tested against the Glioblastoma multiforme cell line T98G. Cellular uptake by time-resolved fluorescence microscopy showed monomerized VP (monoexponential decay, 6.0 ns) at nucleus level, while CF was detected at the membrane by fluorescence microscopy. The strategy's success was supported by the reduction of 98% in the viability of T98G cells by the photoactivated lipid-polymer liposome with [VP] = 1.0 μmol L-1. Therefore, the novel theranostic liposome is a potential system for use in cancer and ocular disease therapies.
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Roelofs KA, Fabian ID, Arora AK, Cohen VML, Sagoo MS. Long-term Outcomes of Small Pigmented Choroidal Melanoma Treated with Primary Photodynamic Therapy. Ophthalmol Retina 2021; 5:468-78. [PMID: 32890790 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the long-term outcomes of patients with small, pigmented, posteriorly located choroidal melanoma undergoing primary treatment using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin at the London Ocular Oncology Service. DESIGN Retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS All patients undergoing primary treatment using PDT with verteporfin from April 2014 to December 2015 and followed until December 2019. METHODS This is a long-term follow-up study of the same cohort of patients previously reported by our group in 2017 and 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Local tumor control, visual outcomes, and metastasis-free survival. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were included with a mean (± standard deviation) age and tumor thickness of 62 ± 14 years and 1.3 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. Tumors were posteriorly located (mean distance to optic nerve and fovea = 2.0 ± 2.2 mm and 1.6 ± 1.5 mm, respectively), and the majority were fully pigmented (73%). Overall, patients were followed for a median (interquartile range [IQR], range) of 49.5 (15.3, 7.0-66.0) months from first PDT to last follow-up. Over the course of this study, 14 of 26 (54%) have developed a local recurrence at a median of 20.0 months (20.5, 4.7-60.9 months). The most common pattern of recurrence was an isolated increase in basal dimensions (9/14; 64%). Median (IQR) final logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity of the whole cohort was 0.2 (0.5). The only statistically significant difference in baseline and outcome characteristics between treatment failures and nonfailures was the distance to the fovea (median [IQR], 0.5 [1.3] vs. 2.5 [2.8]; P = 0.002) and final logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (median [IQR], 0.50 [0.80] vs. 0.00 [0.14]; P = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although treatment of small pigmented posterior choroidal melanoma with PDT effectively preserves visual acuity, 5-year treatment-success calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis was only 38.4%. Recurrences after PDT tend to occur along the tumor edges, often with minimal increase in thickness. Given the substantial risk of treatment failure, primary PDT with vertepofrin is recommended in exceptional cases of choroidal melanoma, for which other treatments with greater tumor control are not a feasible option.
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Zhou X, Chen N, Xu H, Zhou X, Wang J, Fang X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang J, Wang X. Regulation of Hippo-YAP signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in the tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:77. [PMID: 32546241 PMCID: PMC7298789 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling is a key regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. At present, the significance of the Hippo-YAP pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is ill-defined. Methods The expression of YAP in DLBCL was determined in public database and clinical specimens. The effects of YAP knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated YAP deletion, and YAP inhibitor treatment on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing was conducted to detect dysregulated RNAs in YAP-knockout DLBCL cells. The regulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) on Hippo-YAP signaling were explored by targeted inhibition and rescue experiments. Results High expression of YAP was significantly correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Knockdown of YAP expression suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in DLBCL cells. Verteporfin (VP), a benzoporphyrin derivative, exerted an anti-tumor effect by regulating the expression of YAP and the downstream target genes, CTGF and CYR61. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that deletion of YAP expression with a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system significantly restrained tumor growth. Moreover, downregulation of IGF-1R expression led to a remarkable decrease in YAP expression. In contrast, exposure to IGF-1 promoted YAP expression and reversed the inhibition of YAP expression induced by IGF-1R inhibitors. Conclusions Our study highlights the critical role of YAP in the pathogenesis of DLBCL and uncovers the regulatory effect of IGF-1R on Hippo-YAP signaling, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Dasari VR, Carey DJ, Gogoi R. Synergistic enhancement of efficacy of platinum drugs with verteporfin in ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:273. [PMID: 32245422 PMCID: PMC7318501 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) comprises the majority of malignant ovarian neoplasms. Combination treatment with chemotherapeutic agents seems to be a promising strategy in ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients in order to overcome drug resistance. In this in vitro study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of verteporfin (VP) alone and in combination with cisplatin (CDDP), carboplatin (CP) and paclitaxel (Taxol). The main objectives of this study are to determine the nature of interactions between VP and CDDP/CP/Taxol and to understand the mechanism of action of VP in OVCA cells. Methods The efficacy of VP on cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, invasion and clonogenic capacity was assayed in CDDP-sensitive (COV504, OV-90) and CDDP-resistant (A2780Cis) cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of drugs either alone or in combination were evaluated using MTT assay and Cell Viability Blue assay. The effects of drugs on the metabolic functions were studied using matrigel invasion assay and clonogenic assay. Immunoblot analysis was carried out to investigate changes in YAP and cell cycle genes. Changes in the cytokines due to drug treatments were analyzed using a cytokine array. Results Treatment with VP inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and increased cytotoxicity of OVCA cells. We observed that VP chemosensitized CDDP-resistant cells, even at lower doses. When added either in constant or non-constant ratios, VP produced synergistic effects in combination with CDDP/CP/Taxol. A cytokine array identified upregulation of cytokines in OVCA cells that were inhibited by VP treatment. Conclusions Either in cisplatin-resistant cell lines or cisplatin-sensitive cell lines, VP proves to be more efficient in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that novel combinations of VP with CDDP or CP or Taxol might be an attractive therapeutic strategy to enhance OVCA chemosensitivity. The fact that lower doses of VP are effective in chemosensitizing the CDDP-resistant cells, might ultimately lead to the development of an innovative combination therapy for the treatment of OVCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - David J Carey
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA. .,Department of Women's Health, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA.
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Wang B, Shao W, Shi Y, Liao J, Chen X, Wang C. Verteporfin induced SUMOylation of YAP1 in endometrial cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1207-1217. [PMID: 32368396 PMCID: PMC7191103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP or YAP1) has been proposed to function as an oncogene in most cancers, with nuclear localization of YAP1 correlating with poor prognosis. Photosensitizer Verteporfin has been proven as an inhibitor of YAP1 through preventing the combination of YAP1 with TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD). We showed previously that the total and phospho-levels of YAP1 were related to the clinical characteristics and outcomes in endometrial cancer (EC) patients, and that YAP1 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of EC cells in vitro cell line studies and in animal models. We also reported that Verteporfin inhibited cell growth and induced cell death through inhibiting YAP1 in EC in our previous study. However, the mechanism of how Verteporfin inhibits the function of YAP1 remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the global effects of Verteporfin on cell function by using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Furthermore, we demonstrated that Verteporfin induced the SUMOylation of YAP1 for the first time. Interestingly, we found that the SUMOylation of YAP1 was regulated by YAP1 phosphorylation. Together, our study revealed a novel mechanism by which Verteporfin inhibits the function of YAP1 through regulating YAP1 SUMOylation. Our study may provide a rationale for the clinical use of Verteporfin in endometrial cancer by targeting YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiongbo Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
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García P, Rosa L, Vargas S, Weber H, Espinoza JA, Suárez F, Romero-Calvo I, Elgueta N, Rivera V, Nervi B, Obreque J, Leal P, Viñuela E, Aguayo G, Muñiz S, Sagredo A, Roa JC, Bizama C. Hippo-YAP1 Is a Prognosis Marker and Potentially Targetable Pathway in Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040778. [PMID: 32218280 PMCID: PMC7226626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive disease with late diagnosis and no efficacious treatment. The Hippo-Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling pathway has emerged as a target for the development of new therapeutic interventions in cancers. However, the role of the Hippo-targeted therapy has not been addressed in advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the major Hippo pathway components mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1), YAP1 and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and examined the effects of Verteporfin (VP), a small molecular inhibitor of YAP1-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) protein interaction, in metastatic GBC cell lines and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that advanced GBC patients had high nuclear expression of YAP1. High nuclear expression of YAP1 was associated with poor survival in GBC patients with subserosal invasion (pT2). Additionally, advanced GBC cases showed reduced expression of MST1 compared to chronic cholecystitis. Both VP treatment and YAP1 siRNA inhibited the migration ability in GBC cell lines. Interestingly, gemcitabine resistant PDOs with high nuclear expression of YAP1 were sensitive to VP treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that key components of the Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway are dysregulated in advanced gallbladder cancer and reveal that the inhibition YAP1 may be a candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorena Rosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
- Applied Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (S.V.); (B.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Helga Weber
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (H.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Jaime A. Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm 17165, Sweden;
| | - Felipe Suárez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Isabel Romero-Calvo
- Biomedical Visualization Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences. College of Applied Health Sciences. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Nicole Elgueta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (S.V.); (B.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Javiera Obreque
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Pamela Leal
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (H.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Eduardo Viñuela
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Surgery Service, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago 8207257, Chile;
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago 8207257, Chile;
| | - Sabrina Muñiz
- Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (S.V.); (B.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Alfredo Sagredo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.R.); (C.B); Tel.: +56-22354-9241(C.B.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R)
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; (P.G.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (N.E.); (V.R.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.R.); (C.B); Tel.: +56-22354-9241(C.B.); +56-22354-1061 (J.C.R)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway plays critical roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival among species. Hippo pathway proteins are expressed in the ovary and are involved in ovarian function. Deletion of Lats1 causes germ cell loss, ovarian stromal tumors and reduced fertility. Ovarian fragmentation induces nuclear YAP1 accumulation and increased follicular development. At ovulation, follicular cells stop proliferating and terminally differentiate, but the mechanisms controlling this transition are not completely known. Here we explore the role of Hippo signaling in mouse granulosa cells before and during ovulation. METHODS To assess the effect of oocytes on Hippo transcripts in cumulus cells, cumulus granulosa cells were cultured with oocytes and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured with a pSMAD2/3 inhibitor. Secondly, to evaluate the criticality of YAP1 on granulosa cell proliferation, mural granulosa cells were cultured with oocytes, YAP1-TEAD inhibitor verteporfin or both, followed by cell viability assay. Next, COCs were cultured with verteporfin to reveal its role during cumulus expansion. Media progesterone levels were measured using ELISA assay and Hippo transcripts and expansion signatures from COCs were assessed. Lastly, the effects of ovulatory signals (EGF in vitro and hCG in vivo) on Hippo protein levels and phosphorylation were examined. Throughout, transcripts were quantified by qRT-PCR and proteins were quantified by immunoblotting. Data were analyzed by student's t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test or Dunnett's post-hoc test. RESULTS Our data show that before ovulation oocytes inhibit expression of Hippo transcripts and promote granulosa cell survival likely through YAP1. Moreover, the YAP1 inhibitor verteporfin, triggers premature differentiation as indicated by upregulation of expansion transcripts and increased progesterone production from COCs in vitro. In vivo, ovulatory signals cause an increase in abundance of Hippo transcripts and stimulate Hippo pathway activity as indicated by increased phosphorylation of the Hippo targets YAP1 and WWTR1 in the ovary. In vitro, EGF causes a transient increase in YAP1 phosphorylation followed by decreased YAP1 protein with only modest effects on WWTR1 in COCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a YAP1-mediated mechanism that controls cell survival and differentiation of granulosa cells during ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyanxin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health and Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 313 FRL Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Zucchini C, Manara MC, Cristalli C, Carrabotta M, Greco S, Pinca RS, Ferrari C, Landuzzi L, Pasello M, Lollini PL, Gambarotti M, Donati DM, Scotlandi K. ROCK2 deprivation leads to the inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells through the modulation of YAP activity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:503. [PMID: 31878963 PMCID: PMC6933701 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) remains a challenge for oncologists, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. An understanding of the pathways that regulate OS dissemination is required for the design of novel treatment approaches. We recently identified Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) as a crucial driver of OS cell migration. In this study, we explored the impact of ROCK2 disruption on the metastatic capabilities of OS cells and analyzed its functional relationship with Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP), the main transcriptional mediator of mechanotransduction signaling. Methods The effects of ROCK2 depletion on metastasis were studied in NOD Scid gamma (NSG) mice injected with U-2OS cells in which ROCK2 expression had been stably silenced. Functional studies were performed in vitro in human U-2OS cells and in three novel cell lines derived from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by using standard methods to evaluate malignancy parameters and signaling transduction. The nuclear immunostaining of YAP and the evaluation of its downstream targets Cysteine Rich Angiogenic Inducer 6, Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Cyclin D1 by quantitative PCR were performed to analyze YAP activity. The effect of the expression and activity of ROCK2 and YAP on tumor progression was analyzed in 175 OS primary tumors. Results The silencing of ROCK2 markedly reduced tumor growth and completely abolished the metastatic ability of U-2OS cells. The depletion of ROCK2, either by pharmacological inhibition or silencing, induced a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the nuclear expression and transcriptional activity of YAP. The nuclear expression of YAP was observed in 80/175 (46%) tumor samples and was significantly correlated with worse patient prognosis and a higher likelihood of metastasis and death. The use of verteporfin, a molecule that specifically inhibits the TEAD–YAP association, remarkably impaired the growth and migration of OS cells in vitro. Moreover to inhibiting YAP activity, our findings indicate that verteporfin also affects the ROCK2 protein and its functions. Conclusions We describe the functional connection between ROCK2 and YAP in the regulation of OS cell migration and metastasis formation. These data provide support for the use of verteporfin as a possible therapeutic option to prevent OS cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Manara
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Cristalli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Carrabotta
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Greco
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Simona Pinca
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Clinica Ortopedica III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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Wang Y, Wang L, Wise JTF, Shi X, Chen Z. Verteporfin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by multiple functions in RAW 264.7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 387:114852. [PMID: 31812773 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiologic response to damage triggered by infection, injury or chemical irritation. Chronic inflammation produces repeated damage to cells and tissues, which can induce a variety of human diseases including cancer. Verteporfin, an FDA approved drug, is used for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The anti-tumor effects of verteporfin have been demonstrated by a number of studies. However, fewer studies focus on the anti-inflammatory functions of this drug. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of verteporfin. The classic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation cell model was used. RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with verteporfin or vehicle control, followed by LPS stimulation. Verteporfin inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α at mRNA and protein expression levels. This effect was mediated through inhibition of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways. Finally, verteporfin exhibited an anti-inflammation effect by crosslinking of protein such as NF-κB p65, JAK1, JAK2, STAT1, or STAT3 leading to inflammation. Taken together, these results indicate that verteporfin has the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, People's Republic of China; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - James T F Wise
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
MAP4K3 (also named GLK) is a serine/threonine kinase, which belongs to the mammalian Ste20-like kinase family. At 22 years of age, GLK was initially cloned and identified as an upstream activator of the MAPK JNK under an environmental stress and proinflammatory cytokines. The data derived from GLK-overexpressing or shRNA-knockdown cell lines suggest that GLK may be involved in cell proliferation through mTOR signaling. GLK phosphorylates the transcription factor TFEB and retains TFEB in the cytoplasm, leading to inhibition of cell autophagy. After generating and characterizing GLK-deficient mice, the important in vivo roles of GLK in T-cell activation were revealed. In T cells, GLK directly interacts with and activates PKCθ through phosphorylating PKCθ at Ser-538 residue, leading to activation of IKK/NF-κB. Thus, GLK-deficient mice display impaired T-cell-mediated immune responses and decreased inflammatory phenotypes in autoimmune disease models. Consistently, the percentage of GLK-overexpressing T cells is increased in the peripheral blood from autoimmune disease patients; the GLK-overexpressing T cell population is correlated with disease severity of patients. The pathogenic mechanism of autoimmune disease by GLK overexpression was unraveled by characterizing T-cell-specific GLK transgenic mice and using biochemical analyses. GLK overexpression selectively promotes IL-17A transcription by inducing the AhR-RORγt complex in T cells. In addition, GLK overexpression in cancer tissues is correlated with cancer recurrence of human lung cancer and liver cancer; the predictive power of GLK overexpression for cancer recurrence is higher than that of pathologic stage. GLK directly phosphorylates and activates IQGAP1, resulting in induction of Cdc42-mediated cell migration and cancer metastasis. Furthermore, treatment of GLK inhibitor reduces disease severity of mouse autoimmune disease models and decreases IL-17A production of human autoimmune T cells. Due to the inhibitory function of HPK1/MAP4K1 in T-cell activation and the promoting effects of GLK on tumorigenesis, HPK1 and GLK dual inhibitors could be useful therapeutic drugs for cancer immunotherapy. In addition, GLK deficiency results in extension of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. Taken together, targeting MAP4K3 (GLK) may be useful for treating/preventing autoimmune disease, cancer metastasis/recurrence, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Arvayo AL, Imbrie-Moore A, Levenston ME. Rapid and durable photochemical bonding of cartilage using the porphyrin photosensitizer verteporfin. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1537-1544. [PMID: 31229683 PMCID: PMC7409723 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of verteporfin as a photosensitizer to photochemically bond articular cartilage tissues and determine bond durability in vitro. DESIGN Bond strength induced by verteporfin over a range of concentrations and light exposure conditions was investigated using a disk-annulus model and a pushout test. Exposure was parameterized by varying either irradiance or irradiation time. Bond robustness in a cell-mediated degeneration environment was examined by exposing newly bonded samples to interleukin-1 alpha for the first 4 days of a 7-day culture period, followed by mechanical testing and biochemical and cellular viability assays. RESULTS Photochemical bonding using verteporfin produced high bonding shear strengths at relatively low photosensitizer concentrations. Low exposures produced by either low irradiance or short irradiation time were sufficient to produce shear strengths comparable to those previously produced with phthalocyanine photosensitizers with substantially higher light exposure. Photochemically produced bonds were resistant to cell-mediated degeneration in vitro with no evident differences in cell viability among treatments. CONCLUSIONS Verteporfin offers distinct advantages as a photosensitizer for photochemical bonding of articular cartilage due to the production of strong, durable bonds at relatively low light exposures. Further exploration may lead to clinically feasible strategies to augment cartilage repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L Arvayo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Marc E Levenston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Corresponding Author: Marc E. Levenston, Building 520 Rm 225, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4038, United States, Tel: 1-650-723-9464, Fax: 1-650-725-1587,
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Liu K, Du S, Gao P, Zheng J. Verteporfin suppresses the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells via inhibiting YAP1. J Cancer 2019; 10:4196-4207. [PMID: 31413738 PMCID: PMC6691709 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, it is unknown whether verteporfin, a YAP1 inhibitor, can inhibit HNSCC cells as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: YAP1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in human head and neck carcinoma tissues (n=70). CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis, wound-healing assay and Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluated the effects of verteporfin on the six HNSCC cell lines (three HPV-positive and three HPV-negative). The transcription and protein expression levels of YAP1 and its associated genes were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effects of verteporfin on HNSCC cells in vivo were assessed by a xenograft model. Results: YAP1 expression was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues than in tumor-adjacent normal tissues (n=10). A CCK-8 assay showed that the inhibitory effects of verteporfin on HNSCC cells were markedly enhanced by light activation. Verteporfin significantly inhibited HNSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the S/G2 phase. Verteporfin significantly attenuated the expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (YAP1, Snail, CTNNB1 and EGFR) and stemness (Oct4 and YAP1) and increased E-cadherin expression in HNSCC cells. Furthermore, verteporfin significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression in HNSCC cells. However, the expression levels of HPV-16 E6 and E7 did not change with VP treatment. The anticancer effect of verteporfin on HNSCC was confirmed by the inhibition of xenograft growth in vivo. Conclusions: Our results indicate that YAP1 overexpression is involved in HNSCC tumorigenesis and verteporfin is a potential therapeutic drug for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanmei Du
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo 255314, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Hsia Y, Chan LW, Yang CH, Yang CM, Hsieh YT. Prognostic factors for combined ranibizumab and prompt verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:227-233. [PMID: 31195145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prognostic factors for the combined therapy of ranibizumab and prompt verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT) for eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS Sixty-two PCV eyes of 62 patients that received the initial treatment of intravitreal ranibizumab followed by vPDT within 1 week plus a 2nd intravitreal ranibizumab 1 month later in one single medical center were retrospectively enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and parameters obtained from optical coherence tomography at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year were measured and compared. Factors associated with polyp regression, recurrent hemorrhage and visual improvement were analyzed. RESULTS After the loading treatment, complete and partial polyp regression was achieved in 53.6% and 39.3% of cases, respectively at Month 3. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution of BCVA improved from 0.64 ± 0.38 to 0.55 ± 0.46 (P = 0.008) at Month 12. Recurrent hemorrhage (P = 0.001) and previous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment (P = 0.017) were associated with poorer visual improvement at Month 12. Incomplete polyp regression (P = 0.038) and previous anti-VEGF treatment (P = 0.005) were associated with a higher risk of recurrent hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent hemorrhage was associated with poor visual improvement after combined ranibizumab and vPDT for PCV. Complete polyp eradication was associated with a lower risk of recurrent hemorrhage. Patients who had previously received anti-VEGF were associated with recurrent hemorrhage and poor visual improvement; more frequent follow-ups and more aggressive subsequent treatments may be needed for these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Clemente N, Miletto I, Gianotti E, Invernizzi M, Marchese L, Dianzani U, Renò F. Verteporfin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles inhibit mouse melanoma proliferation in vitro and in vivo. J Photochem Photobiol B 2019; 197:111533. [PMID: 31254952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal tumors among the skin cancers, arising from complex genetic mutations in melanocyte. Melanoma microenvironment is very heterogeneous, showing complex vascular networks and immunogenicity, as well as induced acquired resistance to treatments by upregulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms. Different studies have showed that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) could be considered a new potential approach for melanoma treatment. PDT combines a light with a specific wavelength and a photosensitizer: when these two elements interact reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated leading to tumor cell destruction. In this study verteporfin (Ver), a second-generation photosensitizer, has been conjugated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs): the resulting Ver-MSNs are an efficient nanoplatforms used to enhance cargo capacity and cellular uptake. Our in vitro and in vivo studies investigated whether Ver-MSNs were able to reduce or inhibit melanoma growth. In vitro experiments performed using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells showed that Ver-MSNs stimulated by red light (693 nm) significantly decreased in vitro cells proliferation in a range of concentration between 0.1 μg/ml to 10 μg/ml. When Ver-MSNs (5 μg/ml in glycerol) were topically administrated to melanoma tumor mass developed in mice and stimulated by red light for four times in 16 days, they were able to reduce the tumor mass of 50.2 ± 6,6% compared to the untreated (only glycerol) mice. In the light of this information, PDT performed using Ver-MSNs could be considered a new promising and potential approach to treat melanoma.
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Bottini A, Wu DJ, Ai R, Le Roux M, Bartok B, Bombardieri M, Doody KM, Zhang V, Sacchetti C, Zoccheddu M, Lonic A, Li X, Boyle DL, Hammaker D, Meng TC, Liu L, Corr M, Stanford SM, Lewis M, Wang W, Firestein GS, Khew-Goodall Y, Pitzalis C, Bottini N. PTPN14 phosphatase and YAP promote TGFβ signalling in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:600-609. [PMID: 30808624 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to understand the role of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14-which in cancer cells modulates the Hippo pathway by retaining YAP in the cytosol-in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Gene/protein expression levels were measured by quantitative PCR and/or Western blotting. Gene knockdown in RA FLS was achieved using antisense oligonucleotides. The interaction between PTPN14 and YAP was assessed by immunoprecipitation. The cellular localisation of YAP and SMAD3 was examined via immunofluorescence. SMAD reporter studies were carried out in HEK293T cells. The RA FLS/cartilage coimplantation and passive K/BxN models were used to examine the role of YAP in arthritis. RESULTS RA FLS displayed overexpression of PTPN14 when compared with FLS from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). PTPN14 knockdown in RA FLS impaired TGFβ-dependent expression of MMP13 and potentiation of TNF signalling. In RA FLS, PTPN14 formed a complex with YAP. Expression of PTPN14 or nuclear YAP-but not of a non-YAP-interacting PTPN14 mutant-enhanced SMAD reporter activity. YAP promoted TGFβ-dependent SMAD3 nuclear localisation in RA FLS. Differences in epigenetic marks within Hippo pathway genes, including YAP, were found between RA FLS and OA FLS. Inhibition of YAP reduced RA FLS pathogenic behaviour and ameliorated arthritis severity. CONCLUSION In RA FLS, PTPN14 and YAP promote nuclear localisation of SMAD3. YAP enhances a range of RA FLS pathogenic behaviours which, together with epigenetic evidence, points to the Hippo pathway as an important regulator of RA FLS behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Bottini
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dennis J Wu
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Le Roux
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beatrix Bartok
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen M Doody
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vida Zhang
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina Zoccheddu
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ana Lonic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David L Boyle
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute for Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Liu
- Dept. of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Myles Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Xiong J, Wang S, Chen T, Shu X, Mo X, Chang G, Chen JJ, Li C, Luo H, Lee JD. Verteporfin blocks Clusterin which is required for survival of gastric cancer stem cell by modulating HSP90 function. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:312-324. [PMID: 30745823 PMCID: PMC6367548 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cell (GCSC) is implicated in gastric cancer relapse, metastasis and drug resistance. However, the key molecule(s) involved in GCSC survival and the targeting drugs are poorly understood. We discovered increased secreted clusterin (S-Clu) protein expression during the sphere-forming growth of GCSC via mass spectrometry. Overexpression of clusterin was detected in 69/90 (77%) of primary GC tissues and significantly associated with T stage, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Depletion of clusterin (Clu, the full-length intracellular clusterin) led to the declustering of GCSC tumorspheres and apoptosis of GCSC. Subsequently, we found clusterin was in complex with heat shock protein 90 beta (HSP90) and involved in regulating the cellular level of HSP90 client proteins. Furthermore, by screening a collection of drugs/inhibitors, we found that verteporfin (VP), a phototherapy drug, blocked clusterin gene expression, decreased the HSP90 client proteins and caused cell death of GCSC. VP treatment is more effective in eradicating GCSCs than in killing GC cells. Both clusterin silencing or VP treatment deterred tumor growth in human GCSC xenografts. These findings collectively suggest that GC patients can promptly benefit from clusterin-targeted therapy as well as VP treatment in combination with or subsequent to conventional chemotherapy for reducing mortality of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Xiong
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tie Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingsheng Shu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Chang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiing-Dwan Lee
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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