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Zhang C, Li D, Zhang X, Dai R, Kang W, Li Y, Liu Q, Gao M, Zheng Z, Zhang R, Wen Z. Dual regulation of osteosarcoma hypoxia microenvironment by a bioinspired oxygen nanogenerator for precise single-laser synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/induced antitumor immunity therapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101054. [PMID: 38633865 PMCID: PMC11021954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma (OS) is the Achilles' heel of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT), and tremendous challenges are confronted to reverse the hypoxia. Herein, we proposed a "reducing expenditure of O2 and broadening sources" dual-strategy and constructed ultrasmall IrO2@BSA-ATO nanogenerators (NGs) for decreasing the O2-consumption and elevating the O2-supply simultaneously. As O2 NGs, the intrinsic catalase (CAT) activity could precisely decompose the overexpressed H2O2 to produce O2 in situ, enabling exogenous O2 infusion. Moreover, the cell respiration inhibitor atovaquone (ATO) would be at the tumor sites, effectively inhibiting cell respiration and elevating oxygen content for endogenous O2 conservation. As a result, IrO2@BSA-ATO NGs systematically increase tumor oxygenation in dual ways and significantly enhance the antitumor efficacy of PDT. Moreover, the extraordinary photothermal conversion efficiency allows the implementation of precise photothermal therapy (PTT) under photoacoustic guidance. Upon a single laser irradiation, this synergistic PDT, PTT, and the following immunosuppression regulation performance of IrO2@BSA-ATO NGs achieved a superior tumor cooperative eradicating capability both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study proposes an innovative dual-strategy to address the serious hypoxia problem, and this microenvironment-regulable IrO2@BSA-ATO NGs as a multifunctional theranostics platform shows great potential for OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Brain Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital (Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital (Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Weiwei Kang
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Mengting Gao
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Ziliang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Zhaohui Wen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Musso G, Pinach S, Saba F, De Michieli F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Endoscopic duodenal mucosa ablation techniques for diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. Med 2024:S2666-6340(24)00126-0. [PMID: 38579730 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing at an alarming rate, and only 50% of patients with T2DM achieve or maintain adequate glycemic control with pharmacological therapies. Metabolic surgery demonstrated superior efficacy compared to medical therapy but is unfeasible for most patients with T2DM. Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) by hydrothermal mucosal ablation, recellularization via electroporation therapy (ReCET), and photodynamic therapy are novel endoscopic procedures that use thermal, electrical, and photochemical energy, respectively, to ablate and reset dysfunctional duodenal mucosa. We assessed the data on the effects of these techniques on glycemic control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We systematically searched independently and in duplicate English and non-English language publications through January 31st, 2024. Outcomes assessed were an improvement in different metabolic health parameters and the safety of duodenal mucosal ablation (DMA) procedures. Outcomes were presented descriptively. FINDINGS We selected 12 reports reporting results from 3 randomized and 6 uncontrolled trials (seven evaluating DMR, two evaluating ReCET, all with a low risk of bias) for a total of 317 patients enrolled. DMA reduced HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and liver fat. When combined with newer antidiabetic drugs, it allowed insulin discontinuation in up to 86% patients. No major safety signal emerged. CONCLUSIONS All DMA techniques improve glucose homeostasis; DMR and ReCET appear to be safe in patients with T2DM. If confirmed by future randomized trials and by trials with histological endpoints in NAFLD, then DMA appears to be a promising alternative or complement option to medications for T2DM and NAFLD treatment. FUNDING This study received no funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- MECAU San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pinach
- Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco De Michieli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Li Pomi F, Motolese A, Paganelli A, Vaccaro M, Motolese A, Borgia F. Shedding Light on Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Necrobiosis Lipoidica: A Multicenter Real-Life Experience. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3608. [PMID: 38612420 PMCID: PMC11011432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrobiosis Lipoidica (NL) is a dermatological condition characterized by the development of granulomatous inflammation leading to the degeneration of collagen and subsequent formation of yellowish-brown telangiectatic plaques usually localized on the pretibial skin of middle-aged females. Due to its rarity and unclear etiopathogenesis, therapeutic options for NL are not well-standardized. Among them, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging tool, although its efficacy has primarily been evaluated in single case reports or small case series. This study reports the real-life experience of a cohort of NL patients treated with PDT at the Section of Dermatology of the University Hospital of Messina and Reggio-Emilia. From 2013 to 2023, 17 patients were enrolled -5 males (29%) and 12 females (71%) aged between 16 and 56 years (mean age: 42 ± 13 years), with a median duration of NL of 8 years. The overall complete clearance (>75% lesion reduction) was 29%, while the partial clearance (25-75% lesion reduction) was 59%, with 12% being non-responders. This study adds to the little amount of evidence present in the literature regarding the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of NL. Variability in treatment responses among patients underscores the need for personalized protocols, optimizing photosensitizers, light sources, and dosimetry. The standardization of treatment protocols and consensus guidelines are essential to ensure reproducibility and comparability across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Motolese
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgery, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Alessia Paganelli
- Dermatology Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alberico Motolese
- Dermatology Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Gilyadova AV, Ishchenko AA, Samoilova SV, Shiryaev AA, Novruzaliyeva MF, Efendiev KT, Alekseeva PM, Loschenov VB, Reshetov IV. Comparative study of treatment efficacy in severe intraepithelial squamous cell lesions and preinvasive cervical cancer by conization and chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024:104060. [PMID: 38521149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) occupies a leading position in incidence among young women of reproductive age. In this connection, it is urgent to search for the most effective approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PDT method using Cе6 with the control of the photobleaching using video and spectral fluorescence diagnostic methods, to develop the method of fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy mediated with chlorin e6 for treatment CIN 3 and CIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized comparative clinical study was conducted involving 94 women aged 18 to 49 years with histologically verified severe intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of the cervix or preinvasive cervical cancer. The patients were included in 2 groups: in the first group conization of the cervix was performed with curettage of the remaining part of the cervical canal; patients in the second group underwent the chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy. RESULTS The absolute majority of patients in the main group after the first course of chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy showed normalization of cytological parameters and colposcopic picture, while women from the comparison group showed signs of cervical lesions statistically significantly more often. These changes corresponded to the dynamics of the proliferation markers expression in the cells of intraepithelial squamous cell lesions. Also, patients of the second group who were planning a pregnancy had better reproductive outcomes after treatment compared to those of the first group. CONCLUSION In general, higher clinical efficacy and safety of the use of the chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intraepithelial squamous cell lesions and preinvasive cervical cancer have been established compared to the use of standard treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gilyadova
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia;; National Medical Research Center Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ivankovskoe highway 3, Moscow, 125367 Russia.
| | - A A Ishchenko
- National Medical Research Center Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ivankovskoe highway 3, Moscow, 125367 Russia.
| | - S V Samoilova
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia;.
| | - A A Shiryaev
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia;.
| | - M F Novruzaliyeva
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia;.
| | - K T Efendiev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991 Russia;; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia.
| | - P M Alekseeva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991 Russia;; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia.
| | - V B Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 38, Moscow, 119991 Russia;; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), Kashirskoye shosse 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia.
| | - I V Reshetov
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 6, Moscow, 119435, Russia;.
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5
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Turrini E, Ulfo L, Costantini PE, Saporetti R, Di Giosia M, Nigro M, Petrosino A, Pappagallo L, Kaltenbrunner A, Cantelli A, Pellicioni V, Catanzaro E, Fimognari C, Calvaresi M, Danielli A. Molecular engineering of a spheroid-penetrating phage nanovector for photodynamic treatment of colon cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:144. [PMID: 38494579 PMCID: PMC10944812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an emerging strategy to treat various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CC), the third most common cancer type. This work presents an engineered M13 phage retargeted towards CC cells through pentavalent display of a disulfide-constrained peptide nonamer. The M13CC nanovector was conjugated with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB), and the photodynamic anticancer effects of the resulting M13CC-RB bioconjugate were investigated on CC cells. We show that upon irradiation M13CC-RB is able to impair CC cell viability, and that this effect depends on i) photosensitizer concentration and ii) targeting efficiency towards CC cell lines, proving the specificity of the vector compared to unmodified M13 phage. We also demonstrate that M13CC-RB enhances generation and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering CC cell death. To further investigate the anticancer potential of M13CC-RB, we performed PDT experiments on 3D CC spheroids, proving, for the first time, the ability of engineered M13 phage conjugates to deeply penetrate multicellular spheroids. Moreover, significant photodynamic effects, including spheroid disruption and cytotoxicity, were readily triggered at picomolar concentrations of the phage vector. Taken together, our results promote engineered M13 phages as promising nanovector platform for targeted photosensitization, paving the way to novel adjuvant approaches to fight CC malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Saporetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Nigro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annapaola Petrosino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Pappagallo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alena Kaltenbrunner
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pellicioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Mytych W, Dynarowicz K, Myśliwiec A, Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer Tissue In Vitro after PDT Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:563. [PMID: 38473036 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly used in modern medicine. It has found application in the treatment of breast cancer. The most common cancer among women is breast cancer. We collected cancer cells from the breast from the material received after surgery. We focused on tumors that were larger than 10 mm in size. Breast cancer tissues for this quantitative non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study could be seen macroscopically. The current study aimed to present findings on quantitative non-contrast MRI of breast cancer cells post-PDT through the evaluation of relaxation times. The aim of this work was to use and optimize a 1.5 T MRI system. MRI tests were performed using a clinical scanner, namely the OPTIMA MR360 manufactured by General Electric HealthCare. The work included analysis of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This analysis was performed using the MATLAB package (produced by MathWorks). The created application is based on medical MRI images saved in the DICOM3.0 standard. T1 and T2 measurements were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test, which showed that both samples belonged to a normal distribution, so a parametric t-test for dependent samples was used to test for between-sample variability. The study included 30 sections tested in 2 stages, with consistent technical parameters. For T1 measurements, 12 scans were performed with varying repetition times (TR) and a constant echo time (TE) of 3 ms. For T2 measurements, 12 scans were performed with a fixed repetition time of 10,000 ms and varying echo times. After treating samples with PpIX disodium salt and bubbling with pure oxygen, PDT irradiation was applied. The cell relaxation time after therapy was significantly shorter than the cell relaxation time before PDT. The cells were exposed to PpIX disodium salt as the administered pharmacological substance. The study showed that the therapy significantly affected tumor cells, which was confirmed by a significant reduction in tumor cell relaxation time on the MRI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Shi Y, Xia Y, Zhou M, Wang Y, Bao J, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Facile synthesis of Gd/Ru-doped fluorescent carbon dots for fluorescent/MR bimodal imaging and tumor therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:88. [PMID: 38431629 PMCID: PMC10908135 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional metal doping endows fluorescent carbon dots with richer physical and chemical properties, greatly expanding their potential in the biomedical field. Nonetheless, fabricating carbon dots with integrated functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic modalities remains challenging. Herein, we develop a simple strategy to prepare Gd/Ru bimetallic doped fluorescent carbon dots (Gd/Ru-CDs) via a one-step microwave-assisted method with Ru(dcbpy)3Cl2, citric acid, polyethyleneimine, and GdCl3 as precursors. Multiple techniques were employed to characterize the morphology and properties of the obtained carbon dots. The Gd/Ru-CDs are high mono-dispersity, uniform spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 4.2 nm. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the composition and surface properties of the carbon dots. In particular, the successful doping of Gd/Ru enables the carbon dots not only show considerable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance but also obtain better fluorescence (FL) properties, especially in the red emission area. More impressively, it has low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability, making it an effective imaging-guided tumor treatment reagent. In vivo experiments have revealed that Gd/Ru-CDs can achieve light-induced tumor suppression and non-invasive fluorescence/magnetic resonance bimodal imaging reagents to monitor the treatment process of mouse tumor models. Thus, this simple and efficient carbon dot manufacturing strategy by doping functional metals has expanded avenues for the development and application of multifunctional all-in-one theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Shi
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yaning Xia
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyang Zhou
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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8
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Okamoto K, Yamaguchi T, Asakawa T, Kaida D, Miyata T, Hayashi T, Ojima T, Fujita H, Inaki N, Kinami S, Ninomiya I, Takamura H. Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced cervical esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from a gastric inlet patch: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:120. [PMID: 38348383 PMCID: PMC10859833 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A gastric inlet patch (GIP) is an ectopic gastric mucosal lesion usually arising at the cervical esophagus that may rarely cause esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a GIP-derived EAC that was successfully treated using a multidisciplinary treatment approach. A 64-year-old man was referred to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital (Kanazawa, Japan) for surgical treatment of refractory recurrent cervical EAC derived from GIP who had previously been treated with induction chemotherapy, definitive chemoradiotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a stenotic tumor at the GIP site in the cervical esophagus and submucosal tumors with suspected multiple intramural metastases in the anal side of the thoracic esophagus. The patient underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy with laryngopharyngectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy as radical salvage surgery 4 months after the last PDT procedure. After postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using oral administration of tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug) for 1 year; at present, the patient is alive without recurrence 3 years after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Surgery, Houju Memorial Hospital, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1226, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaida
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ojima
- Department of Surgery, Toyama Nishi General Hospital, Toyama, Toyama 939-2716, Japan
| | - Hideto Fujita
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kinami
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Surgery, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Fukui 910-0846, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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9
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Teranishi R, Ozawa T, Katayama B, Shimojo Y, Ito N, Awazu K, Tsuruta D. Effect of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and EDTA-2Na against mixed infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2024; 40:e12959. [PMID: 38528712 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing abundance of drug-resistant bacteria is a global threat. Photodynamic therapy is an entirely new, non-invasive method for treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. We previously described the bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy on infections caused by a single type of bacterium. We showed that gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria could be killed with 5-aminolevulic acid and 410 nm light, respectively. However, clinically, mixed infections are common and difficult to treat. OBJECTIVE We investigated the bactericidal effects of photodynamic therapy on mixed infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS We compared bacterial growth with and without photodynamic therapy in vitro. Then, in vivo, we studied mixed infections in a mouse skin ulcer model. We evaluated the rates of ulcer area reduction and transitions to healing in treated and untreated mice. In addition, a comparison was made between PDT and existing topical drugs. RESULTS We found that photodynamic therapy markedly reduced the growth of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in culture, and it reduced the skin ulcer areas in mice. PDT was also more effective than existing topical medicines. CONCLUSION This study showed that photodynamic therapy had antibacterial effects against a mixed infection of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and it promoted skin ulcer healing. These results suggested that photodynamic therapy could be effective in both single- and mixed-bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Teranishi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bunpei Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Shimojo
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ito
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Marcolino LMC, Pinto JG, Ferreira I, Godoi BH, de Azevedo Canevari R, Ferreira-Strixino J. Molecular effects of photodynamic therapy with curcumin on Leishmania major promastigotes. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:146. [PMID: 38418645 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease mainly affecting low-income populations. Conventional treatment involves several side effects, is expensive, and, in addition, protozoa can develop resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative in treating the disease. PDT involves applying light at a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitive compound (photosensitizer, PS), to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin and its photochemical characteristics make it a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. Studies evaluating gene expression can help to understand the molecular events involved in the cell death caused by PDT. In the present study, RNA was extracted from promastigotes from the control and treated groups after applying PDT. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the expression of the putative ATPase beta subunit (ATPS), ATP synthase subunit A (F0F1), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), glycoprotein 63 (GP63), superoxide dismutase (FeSODA), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) genes (QR). The results suggest that PDT altered the expression of genes that participate in oxidative stress and cell death pathways, such as ATPS, FeSODA, and G6PD. The ATP-F0F1, ASS, and GP63 genes did not have their expression altered. However, it is essential to highlight that other genes may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and, consequently, in the death of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Cortez Marcolino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Ferreira
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Azevedo Canevari
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Photobiology Applied to Health (PhotoBioS Lab), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Dudzik T, Domański I, Makuch S. The impact of photodynamic therapy on immune system in cancer - an update. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335920. [PMID: 38481994 PMCID: PMC10933008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach that has gained significant attention in recent years with its promising impact on the immune system. Recent studies have shown that PDT can modulate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Currently, numerous clinical trials are underway to investigate the effectiveness of this method in treating various types of cancer, as well as to evaluate the impact of PDT on immune system in cancer treatment. Notably, clinical studies have demonstrated the recruitment and activation of immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, at the treatment site following PDT. Moreover, combination approaches involving PDT and immunotherapy have also been explored in clinical trials. Despite significant advancements in its technological and clinical development, further studies are needed to fully uncover the mechanisms underlying immune activation by PDT. The main objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize and discuss both ongoing and completed studies that evaluate the impact of PDT of cancer on immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dudzik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Igor Domański
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Gan S, Yang L, Heng Y, Chen Q, Wang D, Zhang J, Wei W, Liu Z, Njoku DI, Chen JL, Hu Y, Sun H. Enzyme-Directed and Organelle-Specific Sphere-to-Fiber Nanotransformation Enhances Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Cells. Small Methods 2024:e2301551. [PMID: 38369941 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Employing responsive nanoplatforms as carriers for photosensitizers represents an effective strategy to overcome the challenges associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), including poor solubility, low bioavailability, and high systemic toxicity. Drawing inspiration from the morphology transitions in biological systems, a general approach to enhance PDT that utilizes enzyme-responsive nanoplatforms is developed. The transformation of phosphopeptide/photosensitizer co-assembled nanoparticles is first demonstrated into nanofibers when exposed to cytoplasmic enzyme alkaline phosphatase. This transition is primarily driven by alkaline phosphatase-induced changes of the nanoparticles in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic balance, and intermolecular electrostatic interactions within the nanoparticles. The resulting nanofibers exhibit improved ability of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular accumulation, and retention in cancer cells. Furthermore, the enzyme-responsive nanoplatform is expanded to selectively target mitochondria by mitochondria-specific enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). Under the catalysis of SIRT5, the succinylated peptide/photosensitizer co-assembled nanoparticles can be transformed into nanofibers specifically within the mitochondria. The resulting nanofibers exhibit excellent capability of modulating mitochondrial activity, enhanced ROS formation, and significant anticancer efficacy via PDT. Consequently, the enzyme-instructed in situ fibrillar transformation of peptide/photosensitizers co-assembled nanoparticles provides an efficient pathway to address the challenges associated with photosensitizers. It is envisaged that this approach will further expand the toolbox for enzyme-responsive biomaterials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Gan
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yiyuan Heng
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Qingxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wenyu Wei
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Demian Ifeanyi Njoku
- Department of Applied Science, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jian Lin Chen
- Department of Applied Science, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Biomedical Engineering Facility of National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and COSDAF (Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films) City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Gil-Pallares P, Gracia-Cazaña T, Álvarez-Salafranca M, Gorgojo MA, García-García M, Beltrán-Rosel A, Almenara-Blasco M, Navarro-Bielsa A, Gilaberte Y. Cutaneous Alternariosis in Immunosuppressed Patients Treated with Photodynamic Therapy and Oral Antifungals, a Synergistic Strategy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:245. [PMID: 38399460 PMCID: PMC10893038 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous alternariosis is a rare condition, more frequently presented in immunocompromised patients, which usually requires long courses of systemic antifungals that may interact with other medications. The presented series shows three cases of cutaneous alternariosis in immunocompromised patients and organ transplant recipients that were successfully treated with photodynamic therapy and oral antifungals, allowing a reduction in the systemic treatment duration and therefore decreasing the risk of side effects and drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gil-Pallares
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (M.Á.-S.); (M.A.-B.); (Y.G.)
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (M.Á.-S.); (M.A.-B.); (Y.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcial Álvarez-Salafranca
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (M.Á.-S.); (M.A.-B.); (Y.G.)
| | | | - Mar García-García
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Antonio Beltrán-Rosel
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Almenara-Blasco
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (M.Á.-S.); (M.A.-B.); (Y.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro-Bielsa
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (M.Á.-S.); (M.A.-B.); (Y.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (M.Á.-S.); (M.A.-B.); (Y.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Aebisher D, Przygórzewska A, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Krupka-Olek M, Bożek A, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Current Photodynamic Therapy for Glioma Treatment: An Update. Biomedicines 2024; 12:375. [PMID: 38397977 PMCID: PMC10886821 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the development of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brain tumors has shown promise in the treatment of this highly aggressive form of brain cancer. Analysis of both in vivo studies and clinical studies shows that photodynamic therapy can provide significant benefits, such as an improved median rate of survival. The use of photodynamic therapy is characterized by relatively few side effects, which is a significant advantage compared to conventional treatment methods such as often-used brain tumor surgery, advanced radiotherapy, and classic chemotherapy. Continued research in this area could bring significant advances, influencing future standards of treatment for this difficult and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przygórzewska
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdalena Krupka-Olek
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Bożek
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
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15
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Wu R, Yuen J, Cheung E, Huang Z, Chu E. Review of three-dimensional spheroid culture models of gynecological cancers for photodynamic therapy research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103975. [PMID: 38237651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a specific cancer treatment with minimal side effects. However, it remains challenging to apply PDT clinically, partially due to the difficulty of translating research findings to clinical settings as the conventional 2D cell models used for in vitro research are accepted as less physiologically relevant to a solid tumour. 3D spheroids offer a better model for testing PDT mechanisms and efficacy, particularly on photosensitizer uptake, cellular and subcellular distribution and interaction with cellular oxygen consumption. 3D spheroids are usually generated by scaffold-free and scaffold-based methods and are accepted as physiologically relevant models for PDT anticancer research. Scaffold-free methods offer researchers advantages including high efficiency, reproducible, and controlled microenvironment. While the scaffold-based methods offer an extracellular matrix-like 3D scaffold with the necessary architecture and chemical mediators to support the spheroid formation, the natural scaffold used may limit its usage because of low reproducibility due to patch-to-patch variation. Many studies show that the 3D spheroids do offer advantages to gynceologcial cancer PDT investigation. This article will provide a review of the applications of 3D spheroid culture models for the PDT research of gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwk Wu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jwm Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Eyw Cheung
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Z Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Esm Chu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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16
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Ou S, Wang H, Liu W, Zhu H, Zhang W, Li H, Deng H. Combination of high-frequency electrocautery therapy and ALA- PDT in hyperkeratotic vulvar lichen sclerosus: Series of seven cases. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103924. [PMID: 38061450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE ALA-PDT effectively treats Vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (VLSA), but it requires multiple repetitions for satisfactory results. To enhance efficacy, we employed a combination of high-frequency electrocautery therapy and ALA-PDT in treating seven VLSA patients. APPROACH Lesions and leukoplakia in the seven women with VLSA were removed using a high-frequency generator. PDT was administered after wound healing, and it was repeated six times. Follow-up assessments were carried out at 1, 3, and 6 months to evaluate the severity of pruritus and investigate lesion repigmentation. RESULTS Following the combined therapy, the disappearance of pruritus was observed in all patients, and normal color and thickness were restored to their skin. Two patients reported mild pruritus with a score of 2 one month after treatment, which persisted until the 6-month follow-up, while the remaining patients remained free from pruritus. No recurrence of skin lesions was observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The combined therapy for the treatment of VLSA is found to be convenient, effective, and easily promotable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ou
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huanli Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huilan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huiyan Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, No.56, Hengfu Road, Guangzhou 510095, China.
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17
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Martínez-Alonso M, Jones CG, Shipp JD, Chekulaev D, Bryant HE, Weinstein JA. Phototoxicity of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes bearing a thio-bis-benzimidazole ligand, and its monodentate analogue, as potential PDT photosensitisers in cancer cell killing. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:113-125. [PMID: 38183420 PMCID: PMC11001735 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as 3IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting 1O2 directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - James D Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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18
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Li Pomi F, Vaccaro M, Peterle L, Borgia F. Photodynamic therapy for severe acne. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103893. [PMID: 37951327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Acne is an inflammatory cutaneous disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit and hair follicles on the face, neck, back, and chest, with a typical onset in adolescence and, in some cases, persisting into adulthood. Systemic treatments with antibiotics or isotretinoin present many limitations, like antimicrobial resistance phenomena and teratogenicity, which appear more relevant in the pediatric population, both for the treatment-related risks and for the reticence of the parents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has already shown encouraging results in the treatment of acne in adult patients, with good aesthetic results compared to other therapies and few side effects. However, its use is still not standardized in the pediatric population. On this topic, we report our experience with PDT in a young patient affected by dorsal acne. After five sessions of ALA-PDT at monthly intervals, a remarkable improvement of the lesions was observed, with the healing of the inflamed nodules and pustules, resolution of the painful symptoms, and an acceptable cosmetic outcome. Our case is paradigmatic of the potentiality of PDT to treat difficult and resistant-to-treatment lesions. Despite being time-consuming, this procedure has been demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated. Lastly, the therapy is also well accepted by parents, due to its minimal invasiveness and mild side effects, compared to the other therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Peterle
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Tommasino N, Lauletta G, Spanò G, Scaramuzzino L, De Fata Salvatores G, Scalvenzi M, Coronella L. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy ( PDT) for lichen sclerosus of face: case report and literature review. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:53. [PMID: 38291288 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis typical of the genital region, with rare involvement of extragenital areas and particularly the face. LS therapeutic management is challenging, and common therapies including topical and systemic corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, surgery are often ineffective. Herein, we present a case of LS occurred in a 36-year-old girl with facial involvement resistant to therapy with systemic corticosteroids and topical tacrolimus. Considering the involvement of a sensitive area, the young age of the patient, and the consistent clinical experience in using photodynamic therapy for the treatment of facial skin disease, we started a treatment with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a dosage of 37 J/cm2 once a month. We compared our case with eight other facial LS patients from the literature and treated differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nello Tommasino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauletta
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Spanò
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scaramuzzino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia De Fata Salvatores
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Coronella
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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20
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Sasaki I, Brégier F, Chemin G, Daniel J, Couvez J, Chkair R, Vaultier M, Sol V, Blanchard-Desce M. Hydrophilic Biocompatible Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for Biosourced Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38276734 PMCID: PMC10819872 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Most photosensitizers of interest for photodynamic therapy-especially porphyrinoids and chlorins-are hydrophobic. To circumvent this difficulty, the use of nanocarriers is an attractive strategy. In this perspective, we have developed highly water-soluble and biocompatible fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) made from citric acid and diethyltriamine which are then activated by ethlynene diamine as nanoplatforms for efficient photosensitizers (PSs). Purpurin 18 (Pp18) was selected as a biosourced chlorin photosensitizer combining the efficient single oxygen generation ability and suitable absorption in the biological spectral window. The simple reaction of activated FONPs with Pp18, which contains a reactive anhydride ring, yielded nanoparticles containing both Pp18 and Cp6 derivatives. These functionalized nanoparticles combine solubility in water, high singlet oxygen generation quantum yield in aqueous media (0.72) and absorption both in the near UV region (FONPS) and in the visible region (Soret band approximately 420 nm as well as Q bands at 500 nm, 560 nm, 660 nm and 710 nm). The functionalized nanoparticles retain the blue fluorescence of FONPs when excited in the near UV region but also show deep-red or NIR fluorescence when excited in the visible absorption bands of the PSs (typically at 520 nm, 660 nm or 710 nm). Moreover, these nanoparticles behave as efficient photosensitizers inducing colorectal cancer cell (HCT116 and HT-29 cell lines) death upon illumination at 650 nm. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values down to, respectively, 0.04 and 0.13 nmol/mL were observed showing the potential of FONPs[Cp6] for the PDT treatment of cancer. In conclusion, we have shown that these novel biocompatible nanoparticles, which can be elaborated from biosourced components, both show deep-red emission upon excitation in the red region and are able to produce singlet oxygen with high efficiency in aqueous environments. Moreover, they show high PDT efficiency on colorectal cancer cells upon excitation in the deep red region. As such, these functional organic nanoparticles hold promise both for PDT treatment and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sasaki
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillaume Chemin
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Jonathan Daniel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Justine Couvez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Rayan Chkair
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Michel Vaultier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
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21
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Mokoena D, George BP, Abrahamse H. Cannabidiol Combination Enhances Photodynamic Therapy Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:187. [PMID: 38247877 PMCID: PMC10814799 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a well-known plant for its psychoactive effects; however, its many derivatives, such as Cannabidiol (CBD), contain several therapeutic applications. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main cannabis derivative responsible for psychoactive properties, while CBD is non-psychotropic. For this reason, CBD has been more exploited in the last decade. CBD has been connected to multiple anticancer properties, and when combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT), it is possible to eradicate tumors more effectively. In this study, CBD was utilized to treat MCF-7 breast cancer cells, followed by in vitro PDT combination therapy. Conventional breast cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. have been reported for inducing a number of undesirable side effects, recurrence of the disease, and low quality of life. In this study, cells were exposed to varying concentrations of CBD (i.e., 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) and incubated 12 and 24 h after treatment. The optimal doses were then used in combination therapy. Morphology and biochemical assays, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for membrane integrity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for viability, and trypan blue exclusion assay for viability, were used to examine cellular responses after treatments. The optimal concentration was then utilized in Hypericin-Gold nanoparticles mediated PDT combination. The results revealed that, in a dose-dependent manner, conventional morphological characteristics of cell death, such as vacuolization, blebbing, and floating were observed in treated cells. The biochemical responses demonstrated an increase in LDH, a decrease in ATP, and a reduction in viability. This study demonstrated that CBD induces cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells cultured in vitro. The immunofluorescence results of combination therapy indicated that cell death occurred via apoptosis. In conclusion, this study proposes that the CBD and PDT combination therapy is effective in killing MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro by induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (D.M.); (B.P.G.)
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22
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Tarakanov PA, Neganova ME, Mishchenko DV, Bondarenko SD, Sergeeva IA, Krot AR, Goryachev NS, Simakov AO, Kukharsky MS, Pukhov SA, Pushkarev VE. Low-symmetry A 3 B-type 6H-1,4-diazepinoporphyrazines with anti-Kasha effect as promising photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38167792 DOI: 10.1111/php.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of tribenzo[g,l,q]-6H-1,4-diazepino[2,3-b]porphyrazines has been synthesized. A temperature-dependent steric effect was applied in the mixed Linstead macrocyclization of phthalonitrile and 5,7-bis(2'-arylethenyl)-6-propyl-6H-1,4-diazepine-2,3-dicarbonitrile to achieve high yield of low-symmetry A3 B-type Mg(II) tribenzo[g,l,q]-6H-1,4-diazepino[2,3-b]porphyrazinate. The analysis of photophysical and photochemical properties of the obtained complexes showed the anti-Kasha effect: the ultrafast spin changes successfully compete with the IC. TD-DFT calculations showed that the presence of 1,4-diazepine heterocycle in the porphyrazine structure leads to the formation of additional charge-transfer triplet state T2 . We propose, it could participate in the pumping of T1x state alongside with T1y state (these states are degenerate in D4h symmetry) and, therefore, increase singlet oxygen (1 Δg ) generation. Stable micellar nanoparticles have been obtained based on the tribenzo[g,l,q]-6H-1,4-diazepino[2,3-b]porphyrazine Mg(II) and Zn(II) complexes using polyvinylpyrrolidone. The nanoparticles effectively interact with model biological structures (FBS and brain homogenate), leading to disaggregation of the macrocycles. They also exhibit pronounced phototoxic effects in MCF-7 cells upon red light irradiation. We propose that enhancement in PDT activity could be explained by their increased resistance to aggregation due to the presence of n-propyl substituent directly attached to the C6 position of the 1,4-diazepine moiety. The demonstrated results show the promising potential of tribenzo-6H-1,4-diazepinoporphyrazines as heavy atom-free photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Tarakanov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis V Mishchenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Center in Chernogolovka of Moscow Region State University, Mytishchi, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey D Bondarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Sergeeva
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey R Krot
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Goryachev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PCPMC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anton O Simakov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Michail S Kukharsky
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sergey A Pukhov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Victor E Pushkarev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka, Russia
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23
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Nienstedt R, Schlagenhauff B, Rümmelein BC. [Treatment of therapy-resistant verruca plantaris with laser-assisted photodynamic therapy ( PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)]. Dermatologie (Heidelb) 2024; 75:71-74. [PMID: 37707554 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Mosaic warts are a type of verruca vulgaris that occur almost exclusively on the soles of the feet. They are particularly known for their treatment resistance and high recurrence rate. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) offers a low pain treatment option with hardly any side effects in therapy-resistant cases of verruca plantaris. Pretreatment with an ablative fractional laser is especially important to obtain penetration of MAL through the human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected skin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nienstedt
- Dermacenter AG, Bahnhofstr. 15, 6403, Küssnacht am Rigi, Schweiz.
| | | | - Bettina C Rümmelein
- Dr. Rümmelein AG - House of Skin and Laser Medicine, Bürglistr. 1, 8802, Zürich, Schweiz
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24
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Ikeda T, Kurokawa H, Ito H, Tsuchiya K, Matsui H. Enhancement of cytotoxic effects with ALA- PDT on treatment of radioresistant cancer cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:17-21. [PMID: 38292126 PMCID: PMC10822760 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a lower invasive local treatment than surgery and is selected as a primary treatment for solid tumors. However, when some cancer cells obtain radiotherapy tolerance, cytotoxicity of radiotherapy for cancer cells is attenuated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive cancer therapy combined with photosensitizers and laser irradiation with an appropriate wavelength. PDT is carried out for recurrent esophageal cancer patients after radiation chemotherapy and is an effective treatment for radiation-resistant tumors. However, it is not clear why PDT is effective against radioresistant cancers. In this study, we attempted to clear this mechanism using X-ray resistant cancer cells. X-ray resistant cells produce high amounts of mitochondria-derived ROS, which enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in increased NO production. Moreover, the expression of PEPT1 that imports 5-aminolevulinic acid, the precursor of photosensitizers, was upregulated in X-ray resistant cancer cells. This was accompanied by an increase in intracellular 5-aminolevulinic acid-derived porphyrin accumulation, resulting in enhancement of PDT-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, effective accumulation of photosensitizers induced by ROS and NO may achieve PDT after radiation therapy and PDT could be a promising treatment for radioresistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ikeda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Phycochemy Corp., 2-10-2 Matsushiro, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0035, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Luo OD, Bose R, Bawazir MA, Thuraisingam T, Ghazawi FM. A Review of the Dermatologic Clinical Applications of Topical Photodynamic Therapy. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:NP1. [PMID: 38243786 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231216969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Topical photodynamic therapy is a widely approved therapy for actinic keratoses and low-risk nonmelanoma skin cancers with a rapidly growing range of emerging indications for other cutaneous diseases. This review summarizes the best-available evidence to provide a clinical update for dermatologists on the approved and emerging indications of photodynamic therapy. The body of evidence suggests that photodynamic therapy is superior or noninferior to other available treatment modalities for actinic keratoses, low-risk basal cell carcinomas, Bowen's disease, skin field cancerization, chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas in organ transplant recipients, photoaging, acne vulgaris, and cutaneous infections including verrucae, onychomycosis, and cutaneous leishmaniasis. There is emerging evidence that photodynamic therapy plays a role in the management of actinic cheilitis, early-stage mycosis fungoides, extramammary Paget disease, lichen sclerosis, and folliculitis decalvans but there are no comparative studies with other active treatment modalities. Common barriers to topical photodynamic therapy include procedural pain, costs, and the time required for treatment delivery. There is significant heterogeneity in the photodynamic therapy protocols reported in the literature, including different photosensitizers, light sources, number of treatments, time between treatments, and use of procedural analgesia. Topical photodynamic therapy should be considered in the management of a spectrum of inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious dermatoses. However, more comparative research is required to determine its role in the treatment algorithm for these dermatologic conditions and more methodological research is required to optimize photodynamic therapy protocols to improve the tolerability of the procedure for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Dan Luo
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Reetesh Bose
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Bawazir
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thusanth Thuraisingam
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Feras M Ghazawi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Shen J, Xia H, Zhou X, Zhang L, Gao Q, He K, Liu D, Huang B. Selenium enhances photodynamic therapy of C-phycocyanin against lung cancer via dual regulation of cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1925-1937. [PMID: 37994159 PMCID: PMC10753371 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural photosensitizer, phycocyanin (PC) has high efficiency and uses low-intensity irradiation. To enhance the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of PC, we extract selenium-enriched phycocyanin (Se-PC) from Se-enriched Spirulina platensis and examine the synergistic effect of PC combined with selenium against lung tumors. In vitro experiments reveal that Se-PC PDT more efficiently reduce the survival rate of mouse lung cancer cells (LLC cell line) than PC PDT treatment by increasing the level of ROS and decreasing the level of GPx4, which is confirmed by the Chou-Talalay assay. In vivo imaging system analysis reveal that tumor volume is more markedly decreased in both the Se-PC PDT and PC PDT plus Na 2SeO 3 groups than in the PC PDT group, with inhibition rates reaching 90.4%, 68.3% and 53.1%, respectively, after irradiation with 100 J/cm 2 laser light at 630 nm. In normal tissues, Se-PC promotes the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and the immune response by the IL-6/TNF-α pathway against tumor proliferation and metastasis. Using Se-PC as a photosensitizer in tumors, apoptosis and pyroptosis are the primary types of cell death switched by Caspases-1/3/9, which is confirmed by TEM. Based on the transcriptome analysis, Se-PC PDT treatment inhibits angiogenesis, regulates inflammation by the HIF-1, NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways and dilutes tumor metabolism by reducing the synthesis of glucose transporters and transferrin. Compared to PC PDT, Se-PC increases the expression levels of some chemokines in the tumor niche, which recruits inflammatory cells to enhance the immune response. Our study may provide evidence for Se-PC as an effective photosensitizer to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Haidong Xia
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Kan He
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Bei Huang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
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27
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Wang R, Sun J, Dong C, Sun L, Jia C, Gu X, Zhao C. RSS and ROS Sequentially Activated Carbon Monoxide Release for Boosting NIR Imaging-Guided On-Demand Photodynamic Therapy. Small 2023:e2309529. [PMID: 38100303 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide shows great therapeutic potential in anti-cancer. In particular, the construction of multifunctional CO delivery systems can promote the precise delivery of CO and achieve ideal therapeutic effects, but there are still great challenges in design. In this work, a RSS and ROS sequentially activated CO delivery system is developed for boosting NIR imaging-guided on-demand photodynamic therapy. This designed system is composed of a CO releaser (BOD-CO) and a photosensitizer (BOD-I). BOD-CO can be specifically activated by hydrogen sulfide with simultaneous release of CO donor and NIR fluorescence that can identify H2 S-rich tumors and guide light therapy, also depleting H2 S in the process. Moreover, BOD-I generates 1 O2 under long-wavelength light irradiation, enabling both PDT and precise local release of CO via a photooxidation mechanism. Such sequential activation of CO release by RSS and ROS ensured the safety and controllability of CO delivery, and effectively avoided leakage during delivery. Importantly, cytotoxicity and in vivo studies reveal that the release of CO combined with the depletion of endogenous H2 S amplified PDT, achieving ideal anticancer results. It is believed that such theranostic nanoplatform can provide a novel strategy for the precise CO delivery and combined therapy involved in gas therapy and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Dong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Cai Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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Qiao Y, Han M, Fu H, Xu Y, Bai Y, Wang S, Yu J, Men C, Yin Y, Zhao X, Xi R, Meng M. Mucus-Penetrating Nanoassembly as Potential Oral Phototherapeutic Formulation against Multi-Drug Resistant Helicobacter pylori Infection. Small 2023:e2306909. [PMID: 38100246 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection presents increasing challenges to antibiotic therapies in limited penetration through gastric mucus, multi-drug resistance (MDR), biofilm formation, and intestinal microflora dysbiosis. To address these problems, herein, a mucus-penetrating phototherapeutic nanomedicine (RLs@T780TG) against MDR H. pylori infection is engineered. The RLs@T780TG is assembled with a near-infrared photosensitizer T780T-Gu and an anionic component rhamnolipids (RLs) for deep mucus penetration and light-induced anti-H. pylori performances. With optimized suitable size, hydrophilicity and weak negative surface, the RLs@T780TG can effectively penetrate through the gastric mucus layer and target the inflammatory site. Subsequently, under irradiation, the structure of RLs@T780TG is disrupted and facilitates the T780T-Gu releasing to target the H. pylori surface and ablate multi-drug resistant (MDR) H. pylori. In vivo, RLs@T780TG phototherapy exhibits impressive eradication against H. pylori. The gastric lesions are significantly alleviated and intestinal bacteria balance is less affected than antibiotic treatment. Summarily, this work provides a potential nanomedicine design to facilitate in vivo phototherapy in treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengfan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yueping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Changjun Men
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Rimo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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29
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Li Pomi F, Peterle L, Vaccaro M, Borgia F. Daylight photodynamic therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis in a pediatric setting: A case report and literature review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103800. [PMID: 37734562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne infection caused by the obligate intracellular parasites of the Leishmania genus. Children are more frequently affected due to increased exposure to sandflies and underdeveloped immune system. Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the most effective treatment approach for CL since most drugs are accompanied by numerous limitations, including adverse effects, toxicity, and onset of antimicrobial resistance phenomena. These limitations appear more relevant in the pediatric population, both for the treatment-related risks and for the reticence of the parents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been increasingly employed in numerous inflammatory and infectious diseases, owing to its tissue selectivity and excellent cosmetic outcomes. On this topic, we report our experience with daylight-PDT (DL-PDT) therapy in a difficult-to-treat area like the facial region in a child with a six-month history of CL. Our case is paradigmatic of the potentiality of PDT to treat difficult lesions in a pediatric setting. However, its use has not yet been standardized either for the treatment of leishmania, with high variability in the number of sessions and time intervals. Specific protocols for pediatric patients should be better standardized in randomized clinical trials in order to provide clear indications for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Lucia Peterle
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy.
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Hurley DJ, Gallagher D, Petronzi V, O'Rourke M, Kinsella F, Townley D. Examining the efficacy of verteporfin photo-dynamic therapy ( PDT) at different dose & fluence levels. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103848. [PMID: 37858911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a vaso-occlusive treatment for a number of chorioretinal vascular pathologies. We aimed to retrospectively analyse efficiency and safety of PDT for different conditions (central serous retinopathy (CSR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular telangiectasia type 2 and choroidal hemangioma) and with different verteporfin parameters. METHODS Clinical parameters were ascertained from the medical records of patients undergoing PDT over a 6-year period. This included indications for PDT, dosing regimens of verteporfin PDT (which includes treatment dose of verteporfin and fluence). Response to treatment was measured by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) on ocular coherence tomography. Complications and side effects were recorded. RESULTS 67.4 % (31/46) of PDT treatments performed over the last six years were for CSR. In the CSR cohort, there were significant improvements in BCVA (0.47 ± 0.24 to 0.29 ± 0.27, p < 0.05) and CFT (350.2μm ± 66.9 μm to 286.1μm ± 60.6 μm. In the AMD cohort, there was no change in BCVA (1.08 ± 0.52 to 1.07 ± 0.53, p = 0.96) but significant improvement in CFT (488.2μm ± 164.6 μm to 348.7μm ± 65.7 μm, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BCVA or CFT for macular telangiectasia type 2 and choroidal hemangioma. CONCLUSIONS PDT continues to have a role in the management of medical retina conditions. Our results show PDT is most effective in improving and stabilizing visual acuity in CSR, with earlier intervention resulting in better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - David Gallagher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Petronzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Rourke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Kinsella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Townley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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31
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Lai HW, Tani Y, Sukatta U, Rugthaworn P, Thepyos A, Yamamoto S, Fukuhara H, Inoue K, Yuasa H, Nakamura H, Ogura SI. Mangostin enhances efficacy of aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy against cancer through inhibition of ABCG2 activity. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103798. [PMID: 37696317 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is gaining attention as a potential method for treating select cancers due to its high specificity and low side effect feature. ALA enters cancer cells and accumulate as protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which will then trigger phototoxicity following light irradiation. However, it is reported that some cancer cells have reduced efficacy of ALA-PDT due to high expression of ABCG2, a transporter involved in the PpIX efflux. In this study, we evaluated the effect of mangostin, a natural compound containing anti-tumor property, on the efficacy of ALA-PDT against cancer and the mechanism involved. METHODS We utilized TMK1 gastric cancer cell line, which has high ABCG2 expression, to evaluate the PpIX accumulation and phototoxicity exerted by ALA and mangostin co-addition. RESULTS We found that co-addition of ALA and mangostin significantly increase the phototoxicity and PpIX accumulation in TMK1 cells. We also investigated the effect of mangostin on porphyrin-heme pathway enzymes and ABCG2 and found that the addition of mangostin reduce the activity of ABCG2, reducing PpIX efflux. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mangostin enhances the efficacy of ALA-PDT in cancer through inhibition of ABCG2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Wei Lai
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505 Japan
| | - Yukitaka Tani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
| | - Udomlak Sukatta
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand.
| | - Prapassorn Rugthaworn
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Asada Thepyos
- Quality Plus Biomedtech Co., Ltd. Headquarter: fl. 25, Jasmine International Tower, Chaeng Wattana road, Pak Kret district, Nonthaburi 11120 Thailand
| | - Shinkuro Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505 Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505 Japan; Department of Urology, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505 Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505 Japan; Department of Urology, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505 Japan
| | - Hideya Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Ogura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 Japan.
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Chavda J, Rajwar A, Bhatia D, Gupta I. Synthesis of novel zinc porphyrins with bioisosteric replacement of Sorafenib: Efficient theranostic agents for anti-cancer application. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112384. [PMID: 37776828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel zinc porphyrins (trans-A2B2 and A3B type) are reported containing pharmacophoric groups derived from Sorafenib at the meso-positions. The pharmacophoric and bioisosteric modification of Sorafenib was done with 2-methyl-4-nitro-N-phenylaniline. The in-vitro photo-cytotoxicity studies of zinc porphyrins on HeLa cells revealed excellent PDT based autophagy inhibition of cancer cells, with IC50 values between 6.2 to 15.4 μM. The trans-A2B2 type zinc porphyrin with two bioisosteric groups gave better cytotoxicity than A3B type. Molecular docking studies revealed excellent binding with mTOR protein kinase of the designed porphyrins. The confocal studies indicated significant ER localization of trans-A2B2 type zinc porphyrin in HeLa cells along with ROS generation. trans-A2B2 type zinc porphyrin induced ER stress in cancer cells, thereby causing elevation of Ca+2 ions in cytoplasm, which led to cancer cell death via autophagy pathway. The studies suggested that trans-A2B2 and A3B type zinc porphyrins can be developed as theranostic agents for anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeepsinh Chavda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Anjali Rajwar
- Department of Biological Engineering, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Iti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Gounella R, Granado TC, Hideo Ando Junior O, Luporini DL, Gazziro M, Carmo JP. Endoscope Capsules: The Present Situation and Future Outlooks. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1347. [PMID: 38135938 PMCID: PMC10741108 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents new perspectives on photonic technologies for capsule endoscopy. It first presents a review of conventional endoscopy (upper endoscopy and colonoscopy), followed by capsule endoscopy (CE), as well as their techniques, advantages, and drawbacks. The technologies for CEs presented in this paper include integration with the existing endoscopic systems that are commercially available. Such technologies include narrow-band imaging (NBI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and spectroscopy in order to improve the performance of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract examination. In the context of NBI, two optical filters were designed and fabricated for integration into endoscopic capsules, allowing for the visualization of light centered at the 415 nm and 540 nm wavelengths. These optical filters are based on the principle of Fabry-Perot and were made of thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Moreover, strategies and solutions for the adaptation of ECs for PDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gounella
- Group of Metamaterials Microwaves and Optics (GMeta), Department of Electrical Engineering (SEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, Nr. 400, Parque Industrial Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (T.C.G.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Talita Conte Granado
- Group of Metamaterials Microwaves and Optics (GMeta), Department of Electrical Engineering (SEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, Nr. 400, Parque Industrial Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (T.C.G.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior
- Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo Agostinho (UACSA), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Cabo de Santo Agostinho 54518-430, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Luís Luporini
- Clinica Endoscopia São Carlos, Rua Paulino Botelho de Abreu Sampaio, 958, Centro, São Carlos 13561-060, Brazil;
| | - Mario Gazziro
- Information Engineering Group, Department of Engineering and Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil;
| | - João Paulo Carmo
- Group of Metamaterials Microwaves and Optics (GMeta), Department of Electrical Engineering (SEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, Nr. 400, Parque Industrial Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (T.C.G.); (J.P.C.)
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Mazur E, Kwiatkowska D, Reich A. Photodynamic Therapy in Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma-A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3099. [PMID: 38002098 PMCID: PMC10669876 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of the pigmented subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) based on the current literature. PDT is a light-activated treatment, non-invasive, that selectively destroys tumor cells and tissues via the interaction of a photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen. It can induce cancer cell death through direct tumor vascular damage or via the induction of immune response. However, human skin is also an absorption and scattering medium since it contains hemoglobin and melanin that act as chromophores. Eumelanin can be considered a light-absorber and an intracellular antioxidant that can neutralize PDT-induced ROS and, therefore, decrease PDT success. Various factors, including tumor depth, the degree of pigmentation in malignant cells, and the individual's skin phototype, can impact the outcome of this intricate biochemical process. It has been widely recognized that PDT exhibits limited efficacy in the treatment of pigmented lesions. However, new combination techniques such as curettage or debulking before PDT show promising results in the treatment of pigmented BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mazur
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland (D.K.)
- Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland (D.K.)
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland (D.K.)
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Marras E, Balacchi CJ, Orlandi V, Caruso E, Brivio MF, Bolognese F, Mastore M, Malacarne MC, Rossi M, Caruso F, Vivona V, Ferrario N, Gariboldi MB. Ruthenium(II)-Arene Curcuminoid Complexes as Photosensitizer Agents for Antineoplastic and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:7537. [PMID: 38005258 PMCID: PMC10673066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer/antibacterial strategy in which photosensitizers (PSs), light, and molecular oxygen generate reactive oxygen species and induce cell death. PDT presents greater selectivity towards tumor cells than conventional chemotherapy; however, PSs have limitations that have prompted the search for new molecules featuring more favorable chemical-physical characteristics. Curcumin and its derivatives have been used in PDT. However, low water solubility, rapid metabolism, interference with other drugs, and low stability limit curcumin use. Chemical modifications have been proposed to improve curcumin activity, and metal-based PSs, especially ruthenium(II) complexes, have attracted considerable attention. This study aimed to characterize six Ru(II)-arene curcuminoids for anticancer and/or antibacterial PDT. The hydrophilicity, photodegradation rates, and singlet oxygen generation of the compounds were evaluated. The photodynamic effects on human colorectal cancer cell lines were also assessed, along with the ability of the compounds to induce ROS production, apoptotic, necrotic, and/or autophagic cell death. Overall, our encouraging results indicate that the Ru(II)-arene curcuminoid derivatives are worthy of further investigation and could represent an interesting option for cancer PDT. Additionally, the lack of significant in vivo toxicity on the larvae of Galleria mellonella is an important finding. Finally, the photoantimicrobial activity of HCurc I against Gram-positive bacteria is indeed promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Marras
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Camilla J. Balacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Viviana Orlandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Maurizio F. Brivio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Maristella Mastore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Miryam C. Malacarne
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; (M.R.)
| | - Veronica Vivona
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Nicole Ferrario
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
| | - Marzia B. Gariboldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (E.M.); (C.J.B.); (V.O.); (E.C.); (F.B.); (M.C.M.); (V.V.); (N.F.)
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Li S, Zhang L, Tang J, Wang Z, Qu J, Zhao M. Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided vs indocyanine green angiography-guided half-dose photodynamic therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: 6-month randomized trial results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3149-3158. [PMID: 37347247 PMCID: PMC10587313 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the anatomic and functional results of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-guided half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-guided PDT in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS One hundred and thirty-one eyes of 131 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) were recruited, and randomly assigned to the OCTA-guided group and ICGA-guided group. The primary outcome measures were the rates of complete subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), choroidal capillary flow deficit density at each scheduled visit, and recurrence rate of SRF at 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS There were 110 eyes that finished the follow-up, with 56 eyes in the OCTA-guided group and 54 eyes in the ICGA guided group. OCTA-guided PDT was demonstrated to be noninferior to ICGA-guided PDT for SRF resolution rate at 1 months and 6 months (P = 0.021 and P = 0.037), but not at 3 months for acute CSC (P = 0.247). The average CRT of the ICGA-guided group was significantly lower than that of the OCTA-guided group at 3-month visit (P = 0.046), but no significant difference was found between them at the 1-month and 6-month visits (P = 0.891 and 0.527). There was no significant difference between the two groups for BCVA (P = 0.359, 0.700, and 0.143, respectively) and the deficit area on CC (P = 0.537, 0.744,and 0.604, respectively) at 1, 3, and 6 months. CONCLUSION OCTA may replace ICGA to guide PDT for the treatment of acute CSC and their follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11 South Avenue of XiZhiMen, 100044, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11 South Avenue of XiZhiMen, 100044, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11 South Avenue of XiZhiMen, 100044, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11 South Avenue of XiZhiMen, 100044, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11 South Avenue of XiZhiMen, 100044, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11 South Avenue of XiZhiMen, 100044, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Bathula C, Naik S, Jana A, Palem RR, Singh AN, Hatshan MR, Mane SD, Kim HS. Polymer Backbone Stabilized Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nano Islands. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2750. [PMID: 37887901 PMCID: PMC10609000 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials continue to attract significant interest due to their optoelectronic application. However, the degradation phenomenon associated with hybrid structures remains a challenging aspect of commercialization. To overcome the stability issue, we have assembled the methylammonium lead bromide nano islands (MNIs) on the backbone of poly-3-dodecyl-thiophene (PDT) for the first time. The structural and morphological properties of the MNI-PDT composite were confirmed with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties, namely absorption studies, were carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The fluorescent behavior is determined by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The emission peak for the MNI-PDT was observed at 536 nm. The morphology studies supported by FESEM indicated that the nano islands are completely covered on the surface of the polymer backbone, making the hybrid (MNI-PDT) stable under environmental conditions for three months. The interfacial interaction strategy developed in the present work will provide a new approach for the stabilization of hybrids for a longer time duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinna Bathula
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soniya Naik
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada;
| | - Atanu Jana
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ramasubba Reddy Palem
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Aditya Narayan Singh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suresh D. Mane
- D.Y. Patil Pratisthan’s College of Engineering, Salokhe Nagar, Kolhapur 416007, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
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Roschenko V, Ayoub AM, Engelhardt K, Schäfer J, Amin MU, Preis E, Mandic R, Bakowsky U. Lipid-Coated Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Photodynamic Therapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 37896172 PMCID: PMC10610306 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Next to alcohol and tobacco abuse, infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is a major risk factor for developing head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), leading to 350,000 casualties worldwide each year. Limited therapy options and drug resistance raise the urge for alternative methods such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive procedure used to treat HNSCC and other cancers. We prepared lipid-coated polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin as the photosensitizer (CUR-LCNPs). The prepared CUR-LCNPs were in the nanometer range (153.37 ± 1.58 nm) and showed an encapsulation efficiency of 92.69 ± 0.03%. Proper lipid coating was visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The CUR-LCNPs were tested in three HPVpos and three HPVneg HNSCC lines regarding their uptake capabilities and in vitro cell killing capacity, revealing a variable but highly significant tumor cell inhibiting effect in all tested HNSCC cell lines. No significant differences were detected between the HPVpos and HPVneg HNSCC groups (mean IC50: (9.34 ± 4.73 µmol/L vs. 6.88 ± 1.03 µmol/L), suggesting CUR-LCNPs/PDT to be a promising therapeutic option for HNSCC patients independent of their HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Roschenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
| | - Abdallah M. Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
| | - Jens Schäfer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
| | - Robert Mandic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (V.R.); (A.M.A.); (K.E.); (J.S.); (M.U.A.)
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Hammerle F, Quirós-Guerrero L, Wolfender JL, Peintner U, Siewert B. Highlighting the Phototherapeutical Potential of Fungal Pigments in Various Fruiting Body Extracts with Informed Feature-Based Molecular Networking. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:1972-1992. [PMID: 36947169 PMCID: PMC10497435 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pigments are characterized by a diverse set of chemical backbones, some of which present photosensitizer-like structures. From the genus Cortinarius, for example, several biologically active photosensitizers have been identified leading to the hypothesis that photoactivity might be a more general phenomenon in the kingdom Fungi. This paper aims at testing the hypothesis. Forty-eight fruiting body-forming species producing pigments from all four major biosynthetic pathways (i.e., shikimate-chorismate, acetate-malonate, mevalonate, and nitrogen heterocycles) were selected and submitted to a workflow combining in vitro chemical and biological experiments with state-of-the-art metabolomics. Fungal extracts were profiled by high-resolution mass spectrometry and subsequently explored by spectral organization through feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), including advanced metabolite dereplication techniques. Additionally, the photochemical properties (i.e., light-dependent production of singlet oxygen), the phenolic content, and the (photo)cytotoxic activity of the extracts were studied. Different levels of photoactivity were found in species from all four metabolic groups, indicating that light-dependent effects are common among fungal pigments. In particular, extracts containing pigments from the acetate-malonate pathway, e.g., extracts from Bulgaria inquinans, Daldinia concentrica, and Cortinarius spp., were not only efficient producers of singlet oxygen but also exhibited photocytotoxicity against three different cancer cell lines. This study explores the distribution of photobiological traits in fruiting body forming fungi and highlights new sources for phototherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hammerle
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luis Quirós-Guerrero
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Department of Microbiology, University Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25d, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Shigeno T, Kajiyama D, Sato K, Fujiwara N, Kinugasa Y, Yano T, Daiko H, Fujita T. The feasibility of post-photodynamic therapy salvage esophagectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Esophagus 2023; 20:643-650. [PMID: 37391597 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-023-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive salvage treatment for local residual or recurrent lesions that persist after the definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) of esophageal cancer. However, esophageal cancer persistence after PDT is associated with a poor prognosis. Although esophagectomy is a curative treatment option, few studies have evaluated its efficacy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of salvage esophagectomy after PDT. METHODS 14 patients who underwent salvage esophagectomy for residual or recurrent esophageal cancer after PDT between April 2006 and November 2022 at our institution, were enrolled. The short-term (e.g., blood loss, operative time, R0 rate, postoperative complications, and postoperative hospital stay) and long-term (e.g., overall survival [OS] and recurrence-free survival [RFS]) of salvage esophagectomy after PDT were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The median operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 355 min and 350 ml, respectively. Eight patients (57.1%) had postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade II or more. The median postoperative hospital stay was 20.5 days. The 3-year OS and RFS rates were 23.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7-48.0) and 16.3% (95% CI 2.7-40.3), respectively. Seven patients with an R0 had significantly longer OS than the seven patients with R1 and 2 (p = 0.045). The 3-year OS rate for patients with R0 was 52.6%. CONCLUSIONS Although salvage esophagectomy after PDT carries certain risks, patients who achieved an R0 had a promising long-term prognosis. The location and size of the lesion may be critical factors in determining whether R0 can be achieved with salvage esophagectomy after PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shigeno
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kajiyama
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sato
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Endoscopy Division, Department of Gastroenterology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daiko
- Esophageal Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujita
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Serafin I, Dynarowicz K, Aebisher D. Photodynamic therapy and associated targeting methods for treatment of brain cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1250699. [PMID: 37841921 PMCID: PMC10568033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1250699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme, are currently a cause of suffering and death of tens of thousands of people worldwide. Despite advances in clinical treatment, the average patient survival time from the moment of diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme and application of standard treatment methods such as surgical resection, radio- and chemotherapy, is less than 4 years. The continuing development of new therapeutic methods for targeting and treating brain tumors may extend life and provide greater comfort to patients. One such developing therapeutic method is photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a progressive method of therapy used in dermatology, dentistry, ophthalmology, and has found use as an antimicrobial agent. It has also found wide application in photodiagnosis. Photodynamic therapy requires the presence of three necessary components: a clinically approved photosensitizer, oxygen and light. This paper is a review of selected literature from Pubmed and Scopus scientific databases in the field of photodynamic therapy in brain tumors with an emphasis on glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Iga Serafin
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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Insińska-Rak M, Sikorski M, Wolnicka-Glubisz A. Riboflavin and Its Derivates as Potential Photosensitizers in the Photodynamic Treatment of Skin Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:2304. [PMID: 37759526 PMCID: PMC10528563 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin B2, possesses unique biological and physicochemical properties. Its photosensitizing properties make it suitable for various biological applications, such as pathogen inactivation and photodynamic therapy. However, the effectiveness of riboflavin as a photosensitizer is hindered by its degradation upon exposure to light. The review aims to highlight the significance of riboflavin and its derivatives as potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy. Additionally, a concise overview of photodynamic therapy and utilization of blue light in dermatology is provided, as well as the photochemistry and photobiophysics of riboflavin and its derivatives. Particular emphasis is given to the latest findings on the use of acetylated 3-methyltetraacetyl-riboflavin derivative (3MeTARF) in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Insińska-Rak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.I.-R.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.I.-R.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Gong Y, Yuan W, Zhang P, Zheng K, Zhang Q, Ding C. A tumor targeted antifouling upconversion nanoplatform for fluorescence imaging and precise photodynamic therapy triggered by NIR laser. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1274:341561. [PMID: 37455079 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered as a promising treatment in the biomedical field because of low toxicity to normal tissues and minor trauma area. However, the PDT effect of materials is greatly affected by many factors, such as nonspecific adsorption and poor light penetration, etc. In this work, an intelligent nano platform has been constructed based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) loaded with a large amount of photosensitizers Ce6, which could specifically light up tumor tissues and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, exhibiting a conspicuous imaging and therapeutic effect of PDT treatment for deep tumors. An excellent anti-fouling performance in complex biological substrate was obtained upon the judicious introduction of anti-fouling peptide, which also contributed to the improved PDT efficiency. In addition, the specificity of nanoplatform to malignant breast cancer cells was realized by modification of polypeptide targeting for HER2. This anti-fouling nanoplatform provided an original paradigm for the development of fluorescence imaging and PDT for deep tumor tissue with high targeting and therapeutic efficacy, promising to be used in the early therapy of malignant breast cancer specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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Domka W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Przygoda M, Dynarowicz K, Tomik J, Aebisher D. PDT-Induced Activation Enhanced by Hormone Response to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13917. [PMID: 37762219 PMCID: PMC10531063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment with the use of a photosensitizing agent (PS), which, when activated by light, results in selective tissue damage with a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. PDT leads to the induction of an acute-phase response, which results in the involvement of adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. PDT, by activating the hormonal response, affects the treatment of cancer. GC release is observed due to adrenal activity, which is driven by changes in the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis triggered by stress signals emanating from the PDT treated tumor. The hormones released in this process in the context of the PDT-induced acute-phase response perform many important functions during anticancer therapy. They lead, among other things, to the systemic mobilization of neutrophils and the production of acute-phase reagents, and also control the production of immunoregulatory proteins and proteins that modulate inflammation. GCs can radically affect the activity of various inflammatory and immune cells, including the apoptosis of cancer cells. A better understanding of the modulation of GC activity could improve the outcomes of cancer patients treated with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Maria Przygoda
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Tomik
- Department of Otolaryngology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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45
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Youssef D, Fekry O, Badr A, Afify A, Hamed E. A new perspective on quantitative assessment of photodynamic therapy mediated hydrogel nanocomposite in wound healing using objective biospeckle and morphological local-gradient. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107196. [PMID: 37356291 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Skin wounding is a serious public health issue, especially when considering factors that accelerate tissue recovery. Consequently, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an effective wound-healing treatment has attracted more scientific attention. Although assessing the wound healing rate is crucial for appropriate monitoring of the probability of wound healing and evaluating the treatment efficiency, the currently used techniques lack the ability to provide such information. Therefore, this study has two aims, first, it contributes to the development of a new image-guided biospeckle system for quantitative monitoring of skin wound healing rate. Second, it evaluates the potential of using a novel synthesized PDT-mediated polyethylene glycol fabric with methylene blue (PEG-MB) hydrogel nanocomposite in accelerating wound healing. The proposed imaging system initially acquires raw biospeckle images from the wound regions of adult healthy albino mice treated with the synthesized hydrogel nanocomposite. Each raw biospeckle image is then converted into maps of morphological local-gradient matrices implemented from the combination of dilation and erosion operations at different radii up to 25 pixels. Subsequently, their intensity histogram statistics are computed, taking central moments as the feature set. Final characterization is achieved via a linear combination of the biospeckle statistics maintaining as much variance as possible using principal component analysis (PCA). The results confirmed by cytokine concentration measurement and histological investigation demonstrate that the innovative biospeckle image-guided system is ideal for investigating wound healing and suggest the potential of the hydrogel nanocomposite as an active dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Youssef
- Department of Engineering Applications of Lasers, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Osama Fekry
- Department of Medical Applications of Lasers, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abeer Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Afify
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
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Lv S, Wang X, Wang G, Yang W, Cheng K. Efficient evaluation of photodynamic therapy on tumor based on deep learning. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103658. [PMID: 37339692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment method for treating tumors. Under laser irradiation, photosensitizers in tumor tissues generate biotoxic reactive oxygen, which can kill tumor cells. The traditional live/dead staining method of evaluating the cell mortality caused by PDT mainly depends on manual counting, which is time-consuming and relies on dye quality. In this paper, we have constructed a dataset of cells after PDT treatment and trained the cell detection model YOLOv3 to count both the dead and live cells. YOLO is a real time AI object detection algorithm. The achieved results demonstrate that the proposed method has a good performance in cell detection, with a mean average precision (mAP) of 94% for live cells and 71.3% for dead cells. This approach can efficiently evaluate the effectiveness of PDT treatment, thus speeding up treatment development effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Lv
- College of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xitucheng Road. Haidian Dist, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xitucheng Road. Haidian Dist, Beijing 100876, China.
| | - Guisheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Third medical centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 69, Yongding Road, Haidian Dist, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xitucheng Road. Haidian Dist, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- College of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xitucheng Road. Haidian Dist, Beijing 100876, China.
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47
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Luo D, Wang X, Ramamurthy G, Walker E, Zhang L, Shirke A, Naidu NG, Burda C, Shakya R, Hostnik ET, Joseph M, Ponsky L, Ponomarev V, Rosol TJ, Tweedle MF, Basilion JP. Evaluation of a photodynamic therapy agent using a canine prostate cancer model. Prostate 2023; 83:1176-1185. [PMID: 37211857 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male dogs can develop spontaneous prostate cancer, which is similar physiologically to human disease. Recently, Tweedle and coworkers have developed an orthotopic canine prostate model allowing implanted tumors and therapeutic agents to be tested in a more translational large animal model. We used the canine model to evaluate prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted gold nanoparticles as a theranostic approach for fluorescence (FL) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of early stage prostate cancer. METHODS Dogs (four in total) were immunosuppressed with a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressant regimen and their prostate glands were injected with Ace-1-hPSMA cells using transabdominal ultrasound (US) guidance. Intraprostatic tumors grew in 4-5 weeks and were monitored by ultrasound (US). When tumors reached an appropriate size, dogs were injected intravenously (iv) with PSMA-targeted nano agents (AuNPs-Pc158) and underwent surgery 24 h later to expose the prostate tumors for FL imaging and PDT. Ex vivo FL imaging and histopathological studies were performed to confirm PDT efficacy. RESULTS All dogs had tumor growth in the prostate gland as revealed by US. Twenty-four hours after injection of PSMA-targeted nano agents (AuNPs-Pc158), the tumors were imaged using a Curadel FL imaging device. While normal prostate tissue had minimal fluorescent signal, the prostate tumors had significantly increased FL. PDT was activated by irradiating specific fluorescent tumor areas with laser light (672 nm). PDT bleached the FL signal, while fluorescent signals from the other unexposed tumor tissues were unaffected. Histological analysis of tumors and adjacent prostate revealed that PDT damaged the irradiated areas to a depth of 1-2 mms with the presence of necrosis, hemorrhage, secondary inflammation, and occasional focal thrombosis. The nonirradiated areas showed no visible damages by PDT. CONCLUSION We have successfully established a PSMA-expressing canine orthotopic prostate tumor model and used the model to evaluate the PSMA-targeted nano agents (AuNPs-Pc158) in the application of FL imaging and PDT. It was demonstrated that the nano agents allowed visualization of the cancer cells and enabled their destruction when they were irradiated with a specific wavelength of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aditi Shirke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Naraen G Naidu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Reena Shakya
- Target Validation Shared Resource, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine-Veterinary Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mathew Joseph
- Interventional Cardiology Cath Core Lab, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lee Ponsky
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael F Tweedle
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Yao Y, Pan L, Song W, Yuan Y, Yan S, Yu S, Chen S. Elsinochrome A induces cell apoptosis and autophagy in photodynamic therapy. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1346-1365. [PMID: 37555580 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Elsinochrome A (EA) is a perylene quinone natural photosensitizer, photosensitizer under light excitation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis, so can be used for treating tumors, that is so-called photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the molecular mechanism, especially related to apoptosis and autophagy, is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of EA-PDT-induced B16 cells apoptosis and autophagy. The action of EA-PDT on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the mitochondrial function were researched by fluorescence technique and Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Illumina sequencing, tandem mass tags Quantitative Proteomics and Western Blot studied the mechanism at the gene and protein levels. The results indicated that EA-PDT had excellent phototoxicity in vitro. EA could bind to the mitochondria. EA-PDT for 5 min caused MPTP opening, MMP decreasing and abnormal mitochondrial function with a concentration-dependent characteristic. EA-PDT resulted in an increase intracellular ROS and the number of autophagosomes. Caspase2, caspase9 and tnf were upregulated, and bcl2, prkn, atg2, atg9 and atg10 were downregulated. Our results indicated that EA-PDT induced cell apoptosis and autophagy through the mediation of ROS/Atg/Parkin. This study can provide enlightenment for exploring potential targets of drug development for the PDT of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhen Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuzhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Han L, Huang X, Zhao B, Zhu H, Wang R, Liu S, Lin H, Feng F, Ma X, Liu F, Xue J, Liu W. TGF-β1 mediates tumor immunosuppression aggravating at the late stage post-high-light-dose photodynamic therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3079-3095. [PMID: 37351605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging clinical treatment that is expected to become an important adjuvant strategy for the immunotherapeutic cancer treatment. Recently, numerous works have reported combination strategies. However, clinical data showed that the anti-tumor immune response of PDT was not lasting though existing. The immune activation effect will eventually turn to immunosuppressive effect and get aggravated at the late stage post-PDT. So far, the mechanism is still unclear, which limits the design of specific correction strategies and further development of PDT. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for TGF-β1 in the immunosuppression associated with PDT. Herein, this study systematically illustrated the dynamic changes of immune states post-PDT within the tumor microenvironment. The results clearly demonstrated that high-light-dose PDT, as a therapeutic dose, induced early immune activation followed by late immunosuppression, which was mediated by the activated TGF-β1 upregulation. Then, the mechanism of PDT-induced TGF-β1 accumulation and immunosuppression was elucidated, including the ROS/TGF-β1/MMP-9 positive feedback loop and CD44-mediated local amplification, which was further confirmed by spatial transcriptomics, as well as by the extensive immune inhibitory effect of local high concentration of TGF-β1. Finally, a TGF-β blockade treatment strategy was presented as a promising combinational strategy to reverse high-light-dose PDT-associated immunosuppression. The results of this study provide new insights for the biology mechanism and smart improvement approaches to enhance tumor photodynamic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Hongtan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shaoxia Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Honglei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fulei Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Jingwei Xue
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances (Industrial Technology Innovation Platform), Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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50
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Meta M, Bilčík B, Čavarga I, Grzegorzewska AK, Kundeková B, Máčajová M. The potential effect of leptin co-administration on photodynamic damage using quail chorioallantoic membrane model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103711. [PMID: 37459940 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the Japanese quail is an excellent model for studying photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its rich vascularization. PDT is used not only in oncological treatment but also in infectious diseases, or psoriasis, where it yields significant advantages. This treatment also has its limitations, such as burning, itching, erythema, redness, swelling, and delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyse the potentially protective properties of the tissue hormone leptin during PDT. METHODS Japanese quail embryos incubated ex ovo were used in this experiment. On the 9th day of embryonic development, leptin (5 μg) and photosensitiser hypericin (79 μM) were topically applied, followed by irradiation. The effect of leptin co-administration was evaluated from CAM images and histological structure analysis, histological samples, and qPCR, where the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress was monitored. RESULTS We observed vascular damage in all experimental groups, the highest damage was found after the application of hypericin without leptin coadministration. Histological analysis confirmed the protective effect of leptin. qPCR analysis presented differences in FREK gene expression, but also in genes involved in oxidative stress like SOD, NRF-1, NRF-2, and GPX7. The application of leptin significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins CASP3, cytochrome C, and APAF1. CONCLUSIONS Our results in the CAM model suggest a possible protective effect of leptin to prevent PDT damage and aid in the subsequent regeneration of target tissues after antimicrobial PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majlinda Meta
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84005, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84005, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Čavarga
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84005, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Agnieszka K Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbora Kundeková
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84005, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84005, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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