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Wang XY, Gao Y, Liu HR, Wang T, Feng ML, Xue FR, Ding K, Yang Q, Jiang ZY, Sun D, Song CR, Zhang XJ, Liang CG. C-Phycocyanin improves the quality of goat oocytes after in vitro maturation and vitrification. Theriogenology 2024; 222:66-79. [PMID: 38626583 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) and cryopreservation of goat oocytes are important for establishing a valuable genetic bank for domesticated female animals and improving livestock reproductive efficiency. C-Phycocyanin (PC) is a Spirulina extract with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and radical scavenging properties. However, whether PC has positive effect on goat oocytes IVM or developmental competence after vitrification is still unknown. In this study, we found that first polar body extrusion (n = 293), cumulus expansion index (n = 269), and parthenogenetic blastocyst formation (n = 281) were facilitated by adding 30 μg/mL PC to the oocyte maturation medium when compared with the control groups and that supplemented with 3, 10, 100 or 300 μg/mL PC (P < 0.05). Although PC supplementation did not affect spindle formation or chromosome alignment (n = 115), it facilitated or improved cortical granules migration (n = 46, P < 0.05), mitochondria distribution (n = 39, P < 0.05), and mitochondrial membrane potential (n = 46, P < 10-4). Meanwhile, supplementation with 30 μg/mL PC in the maturation medium could significantly inhibit the reactive oxygen species accumulation (n = 65, P < 10-4), and cell apoptosis (n = 42, P < 0.05). In addition, PC increased the oocyte mRNA levels of GPX4 (P < 0.01), and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of BAX (P < 0.01). Next, we investigated the effect of PC supplementation in the vitrification solution on oocyte cryopreservation. When compared with the those equilibrate in the vitrification solution without PC, recovered oocytes in the 30 μg/mL PC group showed higher ratios of normal morphology (n = 85, P < 0.05), survival (n = 85, P < 0.05), first polar body extrusion (n = 62, P < 0.05), and parthenogenetic blastocyst formation (n = 107, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, PC supplementation of the vitrification solution increased oocyte mitochondrial membrane potential (n = 53, P < 0.05), decreased the reactive oxygen species accumulation (n = 73, P < 0.05), promoted mitochondria distribution (n = 58, P < 0.05), and inhibited apoptosis (n = 46, P < 10-3). Collectively, our findings suggest that PC improves goat oocyte IVM and vitrification by reducing oxidative stress and early apoptosis, which providing a novel strategy for livestock gamete preservation and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Hao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Meng-Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Fang-Rui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Kang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Dui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Chun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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Seyedalangi M, Sari AH, Nowruzi B, Anvar SAA. The synergistic effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma and phycocyanin on shelf life of Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow fillets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9174. [PMID: 38649495 PMCID: PMC11035654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dielectric barrier discharge treatment (DBD) combined with phycocyanin pigment (PC) in extending the shelf life of Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow fillets stored at 4 ± 0.1 °C. Microbiological, physicochemical, sensory and antioxidant properties were assessed over an 18-day storage period. The combined DBD and PC treatment significantly inhibited total viable counts and Psychrotrophic bacteria counts compared to the rest of the samples throughout storage. While Total Volatile Nitrogen concentrations remained below international standard until day 18, they exceeded this threshold in control sample by day 9. DBD treatment notably reduced Trimethylamine levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). PC and DBD combined inhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities by 80% and 85%, respectively, while demonstrating heightened iron-reducing antioxidant activity compared to controls. Analysis of 24 fatty acids indicated that PC mitigated DBD's adverse effects, yielding superior outcomes compared to controls. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in all samples met or fell below international standard. Thus, the combined use of DBD and PC shows promise in extending fillet shelf life by over 15 days at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedehsadat Seyedalangi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Sari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Nowruzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Converging Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Ali Anvar
- Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Nova M, Citterio S, Martegani E, Colombo S. Unraveling the Anti-Aging Properties of Phycocyanin from the Cyanobacterium Spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4215. [PMID: 38673801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, marine natural products have become one of the most important resources of novel lead compounds for critical diseases associated with age. Spirulina, a dietary supplement made from blue-green algae (cyanobacteria: scientific name Arthrospira platensis), is particularly rich in phycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein, which accounts for up to 20% of this cyanobacterium's dry weight and is considered responsible for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Although the anti-aging activity of phycocyanin has been investigated, how exactly this compound works against aging remains elusive. The aim of our research is to use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism to investigate the anti-aging properties of phycocyanin from A. platensis. Our results show that phycocyanin has a powerful anti-aging effect, greatly extending the chronological life span of yeast cells in a dose-dependent way, as the effect was also pronounced when cells were grown in SD medium under calorie restriction conditions (0.2% glucose). Both ROS and accumulation of dead cells were followed by staining chronologically aged cells with dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and propidium iodide (PI). Interestingly, we found that most of the aged phycocyanin-treated cells, which were unable to form colonies, were actually ROS+/PI-. Finally, we show that the moment in which phycocyanin is added to the culture does not substantially influence its effectiveness in counteracting chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Nova
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Citterio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Tapia-Martínez JA, Centurión D, Franco-Colin M, Sánchez-López A, Beltran-Ornelas JH, Silva-Velasco DL, Franco PR, Blas-Valdivia V, Cano-Europa E. The antihypertensive action of C-phycocyanin is related to the prevention of angiotensin II-caused vascular dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1024-1032. [PMID: 38238510 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
C-phycocyanin (CPC) is a photosynthetic protein found in Arthrospira maxima with a nephroprotective and antihypertensive activity that can prevent the development of hemodynamic alterations caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the complete nutraceutical activities are still unknown. This study aims to determine if the antihypertensive effect of CPC is associated with preventing the impairment of hemodynamic variables through delaying vascular dysfunction. Twenty-four normotensive male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham + 4 mL/kg/d vehicle (100 mM of phosphate buffer, PBS) administered by oral gavage (og), (2) sham + 100 mg/kg/d og of CPC, (3) CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CKD) + vehicle, (4) CKD + CPC. One week after surgery, the CPC treatment began and was administrated daily for four weeks. At the end treatment, animals were euthanized, and their thoracic aorta was used to determine the vascular function and expression of AT1, AT2, and Mas receptors. CKD-induced systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and vascular dysfunction by reducing the vasorelaxant response of angiotensin 1-7 and increasing the contractile response to angiotensin II. Also, CKD increased the expression of the AT1 and AT2 receptors and reduced the Mas receptor expression. Remarkably, the treatment with CPC prevented SAH, renal function impairment, and vascular dysfunction in the angiotensin system. In conclusion, the antihypertensive activity of CPC is associated with avoiding changes in the expression of AT1, AT2, and Mas receptors, preventing vascular dysfunction development and SAH in rats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Tapia-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - David Centurión
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Margarita Franco-Colin
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Araceli Sánchez-López
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Jesus H Beltran-Ornelas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Diana L Silva-Velasco
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Plácido Rojas Franco
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología. Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738. Ciudad de México, CDMX, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Cano-Europa
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I, Departamento Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738, Ciudad de México, México.
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Wang L, Liu HR, Wang T, Feng ML, Jiang ZY, Yang Q, Sun D, Song CR, Zhang XJ, Liang CG. C-phycocyanin improves the developmental potential of cryopreserved human oocytes by minimizing ROS production and cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300538. [PMID: 38558076 PMCID: PMC10984518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cryopreservation process damages oocytes and impairs development potential. As a potent antioxidant, C-phycocyanin (PC) regulates reproductive performance. However, its beneficial effects on vitrified human oocytes remain unknown. METHODS In this study, human GV-stage oocytes obtained from controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles were randomly allocated to three groups: fresh oocyte without freezing (F group), vitrification in medium supplemented with PC (P group), and vitrification in medium without PC as control group (C group). After warming, viable oocytes underwent in vitro maturation. RESULTS Our results showed that 3 μg/mL PC treatment increased the oocyte maturation rate after cryopreservation. We also found that PC treatment maintains the regular morphological features of oocytes. After PC treatment, confocal fluorescence staining showed a significant increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential of the vitrified oocytes, along with a notable decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species and the early apoptosis rate. Finally, after in vitro maturation and parthenogenetic activation, vitrified oocytes had a higher potential for cleavage and blastocyst formation after PC treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PC improves the developmental potential of cryopreserved human GV-stage oocytes by attenuating oxidative stress and early apoptosis and increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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Lizeth ANM, Vanessa BV, María Del Rocio TB, Margarita FC, Damián JM, Alfredo CO, Edgar CE, Placido RF. Hepatoprotective Effect Assessment of C-Phycocyanin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rat Model by Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2024; 78:296-309. [PMID: 38224996 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231222508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasia of the liver with elevated mortality. Experimental treatment with antioxidants has a beneficial effect on the experimental models of HCC. Arthrospira maxima (spirulina) and its phycocyanin have antitumoral action on different tumoral cells. However, it is unknown whether phycocyanin is the responsible molecule for the antitumoral effect on HCC. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) stands out among other spectroscopy techniques for its versatility of samples analyzed. This technique makes it possible to obtain the optical absorption spectrum of solid or liquid, dark or transparent samples. Previous studies report that assessing liver damage in rats produced by the modified resistant hepatocyte model (MRHM) is possible by analyzing their blood optical absorption spectrum. This study aimed to investigate, by PAS, the effect of phycocyanin obtained from spirulina on hepatic dysfunction. The optical absorption spectra analysis of the rat blood indicates the damage level induced by the MRHM group, being in concordance with the carried out biological conventional studies results, indicating an increase in the activity of hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, cdk2, and AKT2 expression results, with a reduction in p53 expression. Also, PAS results suggest that phycocyanin decreases induced damage, due to the prevention of the Bax, AKT2, and p53 altered expression and the tumor progression in a HCC rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvarado-Noguez Margarita Lizeth
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blas-Valdivia Vanessa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Thompson-Bonilla María Del Rocio
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional 1ro de Octubre, ISSSTE, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Franco-Colín Margarita
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I. Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jacinto-Méndez Damián
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cruz-Orea Alfredo
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cano-Europa Edgar
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rojas-Franco Placido
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I. Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero., Ciudad de México, México
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Salgado MTSF, Silva MCS, Fratelli C, Braga ARC, Lopes TBG, Ferreira E, da Silva ILD, Paiva LSD, Votto APDS. Bioactive C-phycocyanin exerts immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in mice with induced melanoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116874. [PMID: 38428464 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. The difficulty in its treatment arises from its ability to suppress the immune system, making it crucial to find a substance that increases anti-tumor immunity. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) appears as a promising bioactive, with multifaceted effects against several cancers, but its efficacy against melanoma has only been tested in vitro. Therefore, we investigated C-PC's the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory action in a murine melanoma model. The tumor was subcutaneously induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting B16F10 cells. The animals were injected subcutaneously with C-PC for three consecutive days. After euthanasia, the tumor was weighed and measured. The inguinal lymph node was removed, and the cells were stained with antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The heart, brain and lung were analyzed by histopathology. C-PC increased the B cell population of the inguinal lymph node in percentage and absolute number. The absolute number of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells were also increased in the groups treated with C-PC. Thus, C-PC showed a positive immunomodulatory effect both animals with and without tumor. However, this effect was more pronounced in the presence of the tumor. Positive immune system modulation may be associated with a reduction in tumor growth in animals treated with C-PC. Administration of C-PC subcutaneously did not cause organ damage. Our findings demonstrate C-PC's immunomodulatory and anti-melanoma action, paving the way for clinical research with this bioactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira Santos Figueiredo Salgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Cristini Sebastião Silva
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camilly Fratelli
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enio Ferreira
- Laboratório do Comportamento Celular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Istefani Luciene Dayse da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Rahim A, Salhi S, El Khelfaoui N, Badaoui B, Essamadi A, El Amiri B. Effect of C-phycocyanin purified from Spirulina platensis on cooled ram semen quality and in vivo fertility. Theriogenology 2024; 215:234-240. [PMID: 38100995 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This research sought to purify C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis and investigate its potential in enhancing the quality parameters and in vivo fertility of ram semen subjected to cooled storage at 5 °C, when using a skim milk (SM) based semen extender. The purification process of C-PC involved cold maceration, pre-purification using chitosan and activated charcoal, followed by purification through aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) and ion-exchange chromatography. Afterward, fifty ejaculates were collected from 4 fertile Boujaâd rams and extended using the SM extender at 37 °C, enriched with 0 μg/mL (control), 1.2 μg/mL, 2.4 μg/mL, 3.6 μg/mL, or 4.8 μg/mL of C-PC. The diluted semen was subsequently cooled to 5 °C using a controlled cooling process, with a gradual cooling rate of approximately 0.5 °C per minute, and its quality parameters were evaluated after 0, 4, 8, and 24 h of cooling storage. Then, its fertilization ability after 4 h of cooling storage was evaluated using artificial insemination. The adopted purification process yielded a grade analytical purity of 4.06. Additionally, semen extended in SM with a 2.4 μg/mL C-PC supplement displayed significant (P < 0.0001) enhancement in total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, viability and lipid peroxidation of ram semen at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h of cooling storage. These improvements were observed in direct comparison to both the control group and the other C-PC concentrations. Regarding fertility rates, semen extended in SM with a 2.4 μg/mL C-PC recorded a 76 % rate, a notable increment from the 63 % observed in ewes inseminated by semen extended in SM alone, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the promising potential of C-PC as a natural supplement for enhancing semen quality, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Rahim
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Saad Salhi
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Nora El Khelfaoui
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, NARILIS, UNamur, Belgium
| | - Bouabid Badaoui
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco.
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9
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Ismaiel MMS, Piercey-Normore MD. Cooperative antioxidative defense of the blue-green alga Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis under oxidative stress imposed by exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:123002. [PMID: 38000724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally-safe algaecide used to control harmful algal blooms and as a disinfectant in various domestic and industrial applications. It is produced naturally in sunny-water or as a by-product during growth, and metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. To assess the impact of H2O2 on Arthrospira platensis, several biochemical components, and antioxidant enzymes were analysed. The growth and biomass of A. platensis were decreased under the effect of H2O2. Whereas, the concentration up to 40 μM H2O2 non-significantly induced (at P < 0.05) the Chl a, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), total phycobiliprotein (PBP), and the radical scavenging activity of A. platensis. The half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) for H2O2 were 57, 65, and 74 μM H2O2 with regards to the biomass yield, Chl a, and C-PC content, respectively. While, the total soluble protein, and soluble carbohydrates contents were significantly induced. However, the higher concentrations (60 and 80 μM) were lethal to these components, in parallel to the initiation of the lipid peroxidation process. Surprisingly, the carotenoids content was non-significantly increased by H2O2. Despite the relative consistency of catalase (CAT), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were boosted by all of the tested concentrations of H2O2. The relative transcript abundance of selected regulatory genes was also investigated. Except for the highest dose (80 μM), the tested concentrations had almost inhibitory effect on the relative transcripts of heat shock protein (HSP90), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), delta-9 desaturase (desC), iron-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and the Rubisco (the large subunit, rbcL) genes. The results demonstrated the importance of the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants for the cumulative tolerance of A. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M S Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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10
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Shen J, Xia H, Zhou X, Zhang L, Gao Q, He K, Liu D, Huang B. Selenium enhances photodynamic therapy of C-phycocyanin against lung cancer via dual regulation of cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1925-1937. [PMID: 37994159 PMCID: PMC10753371 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural photosensitizer, phycocyanin (PC) has high efficiency and uses low-intensity irradiation. To enhance the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of PC, we extract selenium-enriched phycocyanin (Se-PC) from Se-enriched Spirulina platensis and examine the synergistic effect of PC combined with selenium against lung tumors. In vitro experiments reveal that Se-PC PDT more efficiently reduce the survival rate of mouse lung cancer cells (LLC cell line) than PC PDT treatment by increasing the level of ROS and decreasing the level of GPx4, which is confirmed by the Chou-Talalay assay. In vivo imaging system analysis reveal that tumor volume is more markedly decreased in both the Se-PC PDT and PC PDT plus Na 2SeO 3 groups than in the PC PDT group, with inhibition rates reaching 90.4%, 68.3% and 53.1%, respectively, after irradiation with 100 J/cm 2 laser light at 630 nm. In normal tissues, Se-PC promotes the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and the immune response by the IL-6/TNF-α pathway against tumor proliferation and metastasis. Using Se-PC as a photosensitizer in tumors, apoptosis and pyroptosis are the primary types of cell death switched by Caspases-1/3/9, which is confirmed by TEM. Based on the transcriptome analysis, Se-PC PDT treatment inhibits angiogenesis, regulates inflammation by the HIF-1, NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways and dilutes tumor metabolism by reducing the synthesis of glucose transporters and transferrin. Compared to PC PDT, Se-PC increases the expression levels of some chemokines in the tumor niche, which recruits inflammatory cells to enhance the immune response. Our study may provide evidence for Se-PC as an effective photosensitizer to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Haidong Xia
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Kan He
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of MedicineFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Bei Huang
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational MedicineAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
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11
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Moradi F, Aghamaali M, Hadavi M. Osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells by phycocyanin and phycoerythrin pigments isolated from Spirulina platensis and Gracilaria gracilis algae. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102216. [PMID: 37774523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a multistep and regular physiological process that occurs normally in fracture repair and bone defects. However, some factors such as aging, particular diseases and some drugs prevent or slowdown bone natural healing. Cell therapy using stem cells and differentiation activating factors is an effective treatment method for bone regeneration triggering in unusual conditions. Therefore, in the present study the effect of phycocyanin and phycoerythrin pigments which isolated from Spirulina platensis and Gracilaria gracilis algae was investigate on osteogenic differentiation potency of human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs). For this purpose, hAMSCs were exposed to 300, 500, and 700 µg/ml concentrations of phycocyanin and phycoerythrin pigments and then the cells viability was measured with MTT assay in 48 and 72 h after treatment. The osteo-differentiation level of cells was studied by measuring ALP activity using calorimetric method and Alizarin red staining for calcium deposition in 7 and 21 days after treatment. Also, total RNA of cells was extracted in different time periods and then cDNA synthesized with specific primers, and relative expression of Runx2, β-catenin and Osteocalcin genes were investigated using SYBR Green RT-qPCR technique. Osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs that treated with pigments was confirmed by mineral deposits staining and increased level of ALP activity. Furthermore, these pigments elevated significantly the expression of osteogenic marker genes compared to control samples and caused hAMSCs to differentiate into osteoblast cells. According to these results, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin may suggest as suitable osteogenic supplements with low toxicity, low cost and high efficiency, although the molecular mechanism of its efficacy is not available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moradi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Aghamaali
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mahvash Hadavi
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Oumayma B, Wahid K, Soumaya G, Olfa T, Ben Rhouma K, Mohsen S, Dorsaf H. Phycocyanin improved alcohol-induced hepatorenal toxicity and behavior impairment in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1187-1192. [PMID: 36342230 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2139843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a potential preventive effect of phycocyanin extract from Spirulina platensis against ethanol- induced hepatorenal toxicity and cognitive behavior impairment in male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly and equally divided into four groups (six animals each): control group received saline solution, ethanol (EtOH) group was injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml/kg of ethanol solution 38% (w/v), phycocyanin groups were treated with 25 (PC1) or 50 (PC2) mg/kg phycocyanin extract followed by ethanol administration. All treatments were conducted for 14 successive days. Results revealed that ethanol induced oxidative stress in brain, liver, and kidney by increasing lipid peroxidation level and SOD and CAT activities. Serum biochemical perturbations were also observed in EtOH group, which was indicated by a significant elevation in ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and urea levels. Combined exposure to EtOH with phytocyanin contracted these biochemical alterations. Phycocyanin decreased also EtOH-induced anxiety and ameliorated exploratory behavior assessed by the elevated-plus maze and open field tests respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukari Oumayma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khemissi Wahid
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ghodhbane Soumaya
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Tebourbi Olfa
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khemais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sakly Mohsen
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hallegue Dorsaf
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Ziyaei K, Abdi F, Mokhtari M, Daneshmehr MA, Ataie Z. Phycocyanin as a nature-inspired antidiabetic agent: A systematic review. Phytomedicine 2023; 119:154964. [PMID: 37544212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceuticals have been important for more than two decades for their safety, efficacy, and outstanding effects. Diabetes is a major metabolic syndrome, which may be improved using nutritional pharmaceuticals. Some microalgae species, such as spirulina, stand out by providing biomass with exceptional nutritional properties. Spirulina has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mostly related to phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is a protein compound with antidiabetic properties, known as a nutraceutical. OBJECTIVE This review delves into phycocyanin applications in diabetes and its complications and ascertains the mechanisms involved. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were systematically reviewed (up to April 30, 2023), in which only animal and cellular studies were found. RESULTS According to animal studies, the administration of phycocyanin affected biochemical parameters (primary outcome) related to diabetes. These results showed an increase in fasting insulin serum and a decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. In cellular studies, though, phycocyanin prevented methylglyoxal and human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced dysfunction in β-cells and induced apoptosis through different molecular pathways (secondary outcome), including activation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and suppression of JNK and p38. Also, phycocyanin exerted its antidiabetic effect by affecting the pathways regulating hepatic glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Thus, based on the available information and literature, targeting these pathways by phycocyanin may unleash an array of benefits, including positive outcomes of the antidiabetic effects of phycocyanin as a nutraceutical. OTHER This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) at the National Institute of Health. The registration number is CRD42022307522.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Centre, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran; Department of Bioinformatics, Personalized Precision Medicine Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Daneshmehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataie
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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14
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Feng Y, Lu H, Hu J, Zheng B, Zhang Y. R-phycocyanin from porphyra haitanensis influences drosophila melanogaster lifespan in a sex-specific manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125914. [PMID: 37481178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging has become a major global public health challenge. Our previous research showed that R-phycocyanin (R-PC) possessed anti-aging activity. Notably, studies already revealed that gender may affect the responses to the anti-aging drug. Therefore, it is worth investigating whether the anti-aging effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms of R-PC differ between genders. Firstly, R-PC was isolated from porphyra haitanensis and its anti-aging mechanisms were explored using the nature aging male and female drosophila melanogaster as model. Next, the regulation pathway of longevity was analyzed by KEGG pathway analysis. The longevity pathways-associated molecules were also examined to explore anti-aging mechanisms of R-PC. The results showed that R-PC increased AMPK activity, thus enhanced the key regulatory factors of autophagy (Atg1, Atg8, Atg5), and consequently induced autophagy. Hence, the longevity activity of R-PC life was related with AMPK/mTOR/S6K autophagic signaling pathways in aging female drosophila melanogaster. Meanwhile, R-PC significantly down-regulated TNF-α, MMP3, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 expression levels, and the anti-inflammatory and longevity was associated with R-PC-induced regulation of pI3k/AKT/FOXO3 signaling pathway in aging male drosophila melanogaster. These finding showed that R-PC from porphyra haitanensis might exert the anti-aging actions via different mechanisms in male and female drosophila melanogaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Feng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanjin Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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15
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Oner P, Er B, Orhan C, Sahin K. Combination of Phycocyanin, Zinc, and Selenium Improves Survival Rate and Inflammation in the Lipopolysaccharide-Galactosamine Mouse Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1377-1387. [PMID: 36175742 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is related to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, the primary causes of death in intensive care units. Severe functional abnormalities in numerous organs can arise due to sepsis, with acute lung damage being the most common and significant morbidity. Spirulina, blue-green algae with high protein, vitamins, phycocyanin, and antioxidant content, shows anti-inflammatory properties by decreasing the release of cytokines. In addition, zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) act as an antioxidant by inhibiting the oxidation of macromolecules, as well as the inhibition of the inflammatory response. The current study aimed to examine the combined properties of Zn, Se, and phycocyanin oligopeptides (ZnSePO) against lipopolysaccharide-D-galactosamine (LPS-GalN)-induced septic lung injury through survival rate, inflammatory, and histopathological changes in Balb/c mice. A total of 30 mice were allocated into three groups: normal control, LPS-GalN (100 ng of LPS plus 8 mg of D-galactosamine), LPS-GalN + ZnSePO (ZnPic, 52.5 µg/mL; SeMet, 0.02 µg/mL; and phycocyanin oligopeptide (PO), 2.00 mg/mL; at 1 h before the injection of LPS-GalN). Lung tissue from mice revealed noticeable inflammatory reactions and typical interstitial fibrosis after the LPS-GalN challenge. LPS-GalN-induced increased mortality rate and levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lung tissue. Moreover, treatment of septic mice LPS-GalN + ZnSePO reduced mortality rates and inflammatory responses. ZnSePO considerably influenced tissue cytokine levels, contributing to its capacity to minimize acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary inflammation and prevent pulmonary edema formation in LPS-GalN-injected mice. In conclusion, ZnSePO treatment enhanced the survival rate of endotoxemia mice via improving inflammation and oxidative stress, indicating a possible therapeutic effect for patients with septic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Oner
- Department of Microbiology, Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Besir Er
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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16
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Wilkinson IVL, Castro-Falcón G, Roda-Serrat MC, Purdy TN, Straetener J, Brauny MM, Maier L, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Christensen LP, Sieber SA, Hughes CC. The Cyanobacterial "Nutraceutical" Phycocyanobilin Inhibits Cysteine Protease Legumain. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200455. [PMID: 36538283 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The blue biliprotein phycocyanin, produced by photo-autotrophic cyanobacteria including spirulina (Arthrospira) and marketed as a natural food supplement or "nutraceutical," is reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. These diverse biological activities have been specifically attributed to the phycocyanin chromophore, phycocyanobilin (PCB). However, the mechanism of action of PCB and the molecular targets responsible for the beneficial properties of PCB are not well understood. We have developed a procedure to rapidly cleave the PCB pigment from phycocyanin by ethanolysis and then characterized it as an electrophilic natural product that interacts covalently with thiol nucleophiles but lacks any appreciable cytotoxicity or antibacterial activity against common pathogens and gut microbes. We then designed alkyne-bearing PCB probes for use in chemical proteomics target deconvolution studies. Target identification and validation revealed the cysteine protease legumain (also known as asparaginyl endopeptidase, AEP) to be a target of PCB. Inhibition of this target may account for PCB's diverse reported biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel V L Wilkinson
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gabriel Castro-Falcón
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria C Roda-Serrat
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trevor N Purdy
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jan Straetener
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie M Brauny
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Microbiome-Host-Interaction Lab, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Maier
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Microbiome-Host-Interaction Lab, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Chambers C Hughes
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Jung F, Krüger-Genge A, Köhler S, Mrowietz C, Küpper JH, Braune S. Effects of Arthrospira platensis-derived phycocyanin on blood cells1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:315-321. [PMID: 36502311 DOI: 10.3233/ch-229103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Beyond its nutritionally valuable components, such as carbohydrates, minerals, and proteins, bioactive ingredients extracted from AP have been studied for their therapeutical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jung
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - A Krüger-Genge
- Department of Healthcare, Biomaterials and Cosmeceuticals, Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - S Köhler
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - C Mrowietz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - J-H Küpper
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Carbon Biotech Social Enterprise AG, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - S Braune
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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Husain A, Alouffi S, Khanam A, Akasha R, Farooqui A, Ahmad S. Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Product 'C-Phycocyanin' in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes via the Inhibition of Glycation Reaction in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214235. [PMID: 36430714 PMCID: PMC9698742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood sugar levels. Chronic hyperglycemia enhances glucose-protein interactions, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which form irreversible cross-links with a wide variety of macromolecules, and accumulate rapidly in the body tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic properties of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) obtained from Plectonema species against oxidative stress, glycation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rat. Forty-five days of C-PC administration decreased levels of triglycerides (TGs), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver and kidney function indices, and raised body weight in diabetic rats. C-PC suppressed biochemical glycation markers, as well as serum carboxymethyllysine (CML) and fluorescent AGEs. Additionally, C-PC maintained the redox state by lowering lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC), enhancing the activity of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and renal antioxidant enzymes, and preserving retinal and renal histopathological characteristics. Thus, we infer that C-PC possesses antidiabetic and antiglycation effects in diabetic rats. C-PC may also act as an antidiabetic and antiglycation agent in vivo that may reduce the risk of secondary diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 202145, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 202145, India
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Liu RZ, Li WJ, Zhang JJ, Liu ZY, Li Y, Liu C, Qin S. The Inhibitory Effect of Phycocyanin Peptide on Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:696. [PMID: 36355019 PMCID: PMC9694904 DOI: 10.3390/md20110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is an excellent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory effects on which recent studies are growing; however, its specific target remains unclear. Linear tetrapyrrole compounds such as bilirubin have been shown to lead to the induction of heme oxygenase 1 expression in vivo, thus achieving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Phycocyanin is bound internally with linear tetrapyrrole phycocyanobilin in a similar structure to bilirubin. We speculate that there is probably a way of inducing the expression of heme oxygenase 1, with which tissue oxidative stress and inflammation can be inhibited, thus inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis caused by oxidative damage and inflammation of lung. By optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis process, phycocyanobilin-bound phycocyanin peptide were obtained, and its in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities were investigated. The results show that the phycocyanobilin peptide was able to alleviate oxidative and inflammatory damage in cells through the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, which in turn relieved pulmonary fibrosis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | - Zheng-Yi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ya Li
- Yantai Jiahui Biotech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Yantai Jiahui Biotech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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20
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Feng Y, Lu H, Hu J, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Anti-Aging Effects of R-Phycocyanin from Porphyra haitanensis on HUVEC Cells and Drosophila melanogaster. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080468. [PMID: 35892936 PMCID: PMC9329955 DOI: 10.3390/md20080468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging has become a global public health challenge. Many studies have revealed that the excessive generation of ROS and oxidative stress could be the major causative factors contributing to aging. In this study, R-phycocyanin (R-PC) was isolated from Porphyra haitanensis, and its anti-aging ability was explored by natural aging Drosophila melanogaster and H2O2-induced HUVEC cells as the aging model. Results showed that R-PC α and β subunits expressed have antioxidant activity and can inhibit the generation of radicals, exhibiting a protective effect against H2O2-induced apoptotic HUVEC cells death. R-PC prevented the H2O2-induced HUVEC cell cycle phase arrest by regulating cell cycle-related protein. Furthermore, R-PC prevented the H2O2-induced HUVEC cell cycle phase arrest by regulating cell-cycle-related protein expression. In vivo study also indicated that R-PC significantly increased the survival time and alleviated the oxidative stress of Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, R-PC notably decreased levels of ROS in natural aging flies and inhibited lipid peroxidation by enhancing the expressions of the endogenous stress marker genes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT of Drosophila melanogaster). Taken together, a study on the antioxidation extract from Porphyra haitanensis, such as R-PC, may open a new window for the prevention of anti-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Feng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Y.F.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Hanjin Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Y.F.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Y.F.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Y.F.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350000, China; (Y.F.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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21
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Mazo VK, Biryulina NA, Sidorova YS. [ Arthrospira platensis: antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in vitro and in vivo (brief review)]. Vopr Pitan 2022; 91:19-25. [PMID: 36136942 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-4-19-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis biomass is a promising food source of biologically active substances with pharmacological activity. The aim of this research was a brief review and analysis of experimental in vitro and in vivo studies of the antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of A. platensis biomass, phycocyanins, and their chromophore - phycocyanobilin. Material and methods. For the main search of the literature, the PubMed Internet resource was used, the key component of which is the Medline article database, covering about 75% of the world's medical publications. In addition, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used. Search depth - 20 years. Search keywords: Arthrospira platensis, phycobiliprotein, C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, hypoglycemic effect, hypolipidemic effect, antioxidant activity, in vitro and in vivo studies. Results. A brief description of the composition of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis biomass, methods of its cultivation, phycocyanins extraction methods is presented. The results of experimental studies indicate the presence of pronounced antioxidant properties of A. platensis biomass, mainly due to phycocyanins in its composition. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of A. platensis biomass and extracted phycocyanins intake have been established in vivo when modeling carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism disorders. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicate the presence of pronounced antioxidant properties of phycocyanins. Hypoglycemic effects are shown in particular in experiments on rats with hyperlipidemia and alloxan diabetes fed a diet enriched with A. platensis biomass and on KKAy mice, treated with C-phycocyanin extract. Conclusion. The analysis of the results of in vitro and in vivo studies of the antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of A. platensis biomass and extracts with a high content of phycocyanins, presented in a brief review, suggests that their use in the diet of people with impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is promising. Accordingly, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, clinical studies on the use of spirulina biomass and/or its extracts with a high content of phycocyanins as part of specialized foods intended for the prevention and/or dietary correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders should be preceded by additional experimental physical-chemical, physiological and biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Mazo
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N A Biryulina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yu S Sidorova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
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22
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El-Maadawy WH, Hafiz E, Okasha H, Osman NA, Ali GH, Hussein RA. Phycocyanin stimulates ulcerative colitis healing via selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-2, intestinal mucosal healing, Treg accumulation, and p38MAPK/MK2 signaling inhibition. Life Sci 2022; 305:120741. [PMID: 35777583 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition that until this date, lacks curative treatments. Previously, synthetic selective CB2 receptor (CB2R) agonists demonstrated effective preclinical anti-inflammatory activities in UC. Phycocyanin (PC), photosynthetic assistant protein isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing blue green algae, has multiple pharmacological effects, however, it's effect against UC remains unexplored. Our study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effectiveness of PC against UC, and correlating its mechanisms with CB2R agonistic activities. In silico; PC showed structural similarity with endocannabinoid receptors' ligand "Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol", target prediction studies suggested high affinity for G-coupled protein family-receptors, and molecular docking affirmed preferable affinity towards CB2R vs CB1R. In LPS-exposed-Caco-2 cell line; PC demonstrated comparable interaction with CB2R, and downregulation of CB2R, p38 and MK2 gene expressions with reference agonist "6d", and exhibited preferred selectivity towards CB2R over CB1R. In DSS-induced mice; PC-treatment ameliorated DSS-induced colon shortening, elevated disease activity index, and colonic pathological alterations. PC showed effective CB2R activation through potent anti-inflammatory activities, Treg-cell accumulation, suppression in p38MAPK/MK2 signaling, and tight junction barrier restoration as indicated by ultrastructural examinations, elevated ZO-1 and occludin protein expressions, and Ki67 immunohistochemical expression in colonic tissues. Additionally, PC alleviated intestinal dysbiosis via downregulating LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling and gut microbiota maintenance. Notably, PC-protective activities were abolished when co-administered with SR144528 (selective CB2 antagonist) except for gut microbiota maintenance, which was independent from CB2R activation. Our findings provide evidence of PC effectiveness against UC through acting as CB2R agonist, thus expanding its possible therapeutic application against other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Hafiz
- Electron Microscopy Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Hend Okasha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Noha A Osman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gamila H Ali
- Water Pollution Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ali Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt.
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23
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Dong X, Yang F, Xu X, Zhu F, Liu G, Xu F, Chen G, Cao C, Teng L, Li X, Wang L, Li B. Protective effect of C-phycocyanin and apo-phycocyanin subunit on programmed necrosis of GC-1 spg cells induced by H 2 O 2. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:1275-1287. [PMID: 35112789 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is an effective antioxidant and has an important value in medical research. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the main underlying mechanisms of cell death, and reducing oxidative stress is one of the strategies to enhance germ cell viability. Herein, we investigated the protective effect and the mechanism of C-PC and apo-phycocyanin subunit on oxidative stress damage induced by H2 O2 in GC-1 spg cells. C-PC genes were cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vectorand transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 to achieve the efficient expression of C-PC subunit. GC-1 spg cells were treated with 600 μM H2 O2 for 24 h to establish the oxidative stress damage model. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. The degree of oxidative stress was detected by testing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated utilizingby 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescent-diacetate (DCFH-DA). Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1. Cell necrosis rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI. Expression of protein was detected by western blot. We found that C-PC and GST-CPC β significantly inhibited H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage of GC-1 spg cells, improved the ability of antioxidation, reduced ROS overproduction, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and inhibited the RIP-1/RIP-3/ p-MLKL signaling pathway to reduce the necrosis rate. The results demonstrated that C-PC played a protective role against H2 O2 -induced cell damage, especially its β subunit. This study provides a theoretical basis for C-PC as a potential protective agent of reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanghao Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Teng
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Kose A, Oncel SS. Design of melanogenesis regulatory peptides derived from phycocyanin of the microalgae Spirulina platensis. Peptides 2022; 152:170783. [PMID: 35278583 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation issues are common conditions associated with excessive or insufficient production of melanin. Recently peptides are investigated to discover novel melanogenesis regulators as low molecular weight compounds to regulate skin pigmentation. In this study, an internal library of peptides obtained through in silico enzymatic digestion of phycocyanin from microalgae S. platensis was tested to apprehend their anti-melanogenic effects. Seven peptides were investigated for their inhibitory potential against mushroom and B16-F10 murine tyrosinase enzymes. According to the results, P5 (SPSWY) and P7 (AADQRGKDKCARDIGY) were effective in lowering the activity of mushroom and B16-F10 tyrosinases. P5 was the most potent (IC50 value, 12.1 µM) in mushroom which was followed by P2 (MAACLR, 86.9 µM). Although the peptides were particularly powerful in inhibiting monophenolase activity, only moderate inhibition was observed for diphenolase activity in mushroom tyrosinase assay. Apart from tyrosinase inhibition, P2 and P3 (RCLNGRL) were efficient DPPH radical scavengers at low concentrations (IC50 < 200 µM). In the mammalian assay system, P5 and P7 were noticeably effective to decrease tyrosinase enzyme activity with IC50 values of 48.9 and 34.2 µM, respectively. However, although P4 (RYVTYAVF) was a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor, it increased melanin synthesis up to 3-fold in B16-F10 cells. The results indicate that C-terminal tyrosine residue is important for tyrosinase inhibition. This study shows, for the first time, that microalgae proteins can be regarded as sources for melanogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kose
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suphi S Oncel
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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25
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Xiang X, Gao W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Lu T, Gan S, Huang J, Li Z, Huang L, Liao Y, Wang L, Zhang J. Study on promoting regeneration of zebrafish skull by phycocyanin characterized by in vivo optical coherence tomography. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100333. [PMID: 35044723 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of phycocyanin in bone defect repairing was tested on a zebrafish skull defect model, and the evaluating process was monitored in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty zebrafish were randomly divided into three groups, which were immersed in water and phycocyanin solution (50 and 100 mg/L) after skull defect creating. All zebrafish were examined by OCT immediately after craniotomy, and on the 10th and 20th days of phycocyanin treatment. All the model fish were euthanized to enable a histological evaluation of skull after 20 days of recovery. OCT images demonstrated that phycocyanin (50 mg/L) could repair a cranial defect within 20 days. A high concentration (100 mg/L) of phycocyanin may favor the recovery of bone abnormalities in 10 days, but with the extended treatment time to 20 days, a deformation of the skull occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Gan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Chaowen H, Dongxuan H, Dongsheng H, Jianfeng P, Fan Y, Yahui C, Xiaohua L. C-Phycocyanin Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Regulating the AMPK Pathway in NCL-H292 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022; 68:16-24. [PMID: 36201854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results in high mortality and has gained increasing attention. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) has been identified as a potential therapeutic inhibitor for NSCLC, but its underlying mechanism remains obscure. The gene expression of the long noncoding RNA neighbour of BRCAI RNA 2 (NBR2) in NSCLC cells was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The cell capacity for proliferation and migration was examined by EdU and wound-healing assays. Furthermore, the viability and apoptosis of cells was measured with CCK-8 and annexin V/PI, respectively. Next, the protein level of activation of adenosine monophosphate- activated protein kinase and the rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signalling pathway-associated molecules was evaluated by western blotting. H292 cells were pre-treated with C-PC or transfected with plasmids encoding NBR2 or the shNBR2 plasmid, to over-express or knock down NBR2 expression, respectively. NBR2 expression was robustly down-regulated in NSCLC cell lines compared with a normal cell line (BEAS-2B). NBR2 over-expression inhibited migration and promoted apoptosis of H292 cells. Treatment of H292 cells with C-PC enhanced NBR2 levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Downregulation of NBR2 in H292 cells inhibited the activity of C-PC on cell proliferation, viability and clone formation. Further mechanistic investigation showed that the down-regulation of NBR2 abolished the modulatory effects of C-PC on the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. In conclusion, C-PC inhibits H292 cell growth by enhancing the NBR2/AMPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chaowen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Dongxuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Dongsheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - P Jianfeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - C Yahui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - L Xiaohua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Imai Y, Koseki Y, Hirano M, Nakamura S. Nutrigenomic Studies on the Ameliorative Effect of Enzyme-Digested Phycocyanin in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124431. [PMID: 34959983 PMCID: PMC8707209 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and the cognitive impairments associated with this degenerative disease seriously affect daily life. Nutraceuticals for the prevention or delay of AD are urgently needed. It has been increasingly observed that phycocyanin (PC) exerts neuroprotective effects. AD model mice intracerebroventricularly injected with amyloid beta-peptide 25–35 (Aβ25–35) at 10 nmol/head displayed significant cognitive impairment in the spontaneous alternation test. Cognitive impairment was significantly ameliorated in mice treated with 750 mg/kg of enzyme-digested (ED) PC by daily oral administration for 22 consecutive days. Application of DNA microarray data on hippocampal gene expression to nutrigenomics studies revealed that oral EDPC counteracted the aberrant expression of 35 genes, including Prnp, Cct4, Vegfd (Figf), Map9 (Mtap9), Pik3cg, Zfand5, Endog, and Hbq1a. These results suggest that oral administration of EDPC ameliorated cognitive impairment in AD model mice by maintaining and/or restoring normal gene expression patterns in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Imai
- Health Care Technical G., Chiba Plants, DIC Corporation, Ichihara 290-8585, Chiba, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yurino Koseki
- Health Care Technical G., Chiba Plants, DIC Corporation, Ichihara 290-8585, Chiba, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Makoto Hirano
- R&D Institute, Intelligence & Technology Lab, Inc., Kaizu 503-0628, Gifu, Japan;
| | - Shin Nakamura
- R&D Institute, Intelligence & Technology Lab, Inc., Kaizu 503-0628, Gifu, Japan;
- Biomedical Institute, NPO Primate Agora, Kaizu 503-0628, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)-584-54-0015
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Park S, Jung S, Heo J, Koh WG, Lee S, Hong J. Chitosan/Cellulose-Based Porous Nanofilm Delivering C-Phycocyanin: A Novel Platform for the Production of Cost-Effective Cultured Meat. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:32193-32204. [PMID: 34185496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat is artificial meat produced via the mass culture of cells without slaughtering livestock. In the production process of cultured meat, the mass proliferation for preparing abundant cells is a strenuous and time-consuming procedure requiring expensive and excess serum. Herein, C-phycocyanin (C-PC) extracted from blue algae was selected as a substitute for animal-derived serum and a polysaccharide film-based platform was developed to effectively deliver C-PC to myoblast while reducing the cost of cell medium. The polysaccharide platform has a sophisticated structure in which an agarose layer is capped on a porous multilayer film formed by molecular reassembly between chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The porous multilayer film provides an inner structure in which C-PC can be incorporated, and the agarose layer protects and stabilizes the C-PC. The completed platform was easily applied to a cell culture plate to efficiently release C-PC, thereby improving myoblast proliferation in a serum-reduced environment during long-term culture. We developed a cell sheet-based meat model using this polysaccharide platform to evaluate the improved cost-efficiency by the platform method in the mass proliferation of cells. This strategy and innovative technology can simplify the production system and secure price competitiveness to commercialize cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Jung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Heo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Du J, Xie Z, Wang L, Liu X, Hou Z, Wang X, Tang R. Lactobionic acid-modified phycocyanin nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:206-217. [PMID: 34246671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is considered to be an effective natural photosensitizer, but it has not been well utilized as its inefficient biostability and intracellular accumulation. To overcome these limitations, the nano-sized PC particles (LAPC/DOX) were developed by grafting with lactobionic acid (LA) and loading with doxorubicin (DOX). Compared to the PC solution, the storage-stability and photostability of PC particles were remarkably increased, and the formation of nanoparticles further improved its biostability. Besides, CLSM images confirmed that LA could also enhance cellular uptake, resulting in more intracellular PC and DOX accumulation. MTT assay revealed that LAPC/DOX caused the highest cytotoxicity by combined chemo-photodynamic therapy. Finally, LAPC/DOX could efficiently accumulate and spread in tumoral multicellular spheroids, resulting in the enhanced growth inhibition. Overall, the LAPC/DOX is effective in cancer treatment, which provides new insights for the usage of functional proteins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Jianyong Du
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongkai Hou
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China.
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Jang YA, Kim BA. Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030273. [PMID: 33809667 PMCID: PMC8002288 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Jang
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Healthcare of KS R & DB Foundation, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Bo Ae Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Beauty, College of Technology Sciences, Mokwon University, Doanbuk-ro 88, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35349, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-829-7569
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Chen Q, Ma Y, Bai P, Li Q, Canup BSB, Long D, Ke B, Dai F, Xiao B, Li C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanococktails for Synergistic Enhancement of Cancer Treatment via Cascade Reactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4861-4873. [PMID: 33471499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A combination treatment strategy that relies on the synergetic effects of different therapeutic approaches has been considered to be an effective method for cancer therapy. Herein, a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, Dox) and a manganese ion (Mn2+) were co-loaded into regenerated silk fibroin-based nanoparticles (NPs), followed by the surface conjugation of phycocyanin (PC) to construct tumor microenvironment-activated nanococktails. The resultant PC-Mn@Dox-NPs showed increased drug release rates by responding to various stimulating factors (acidic pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glutathione), revealing that they could efficiently release the payloads (Dox and Mn2+) in tumor cells. The released Dox could not only inhibit the growth of tumor cells but also generated a large amount of H2O2. The elevated H2O2 was decomposed into the highly harmful hydroxyl radicals and oxygen through an Mn2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Furthermore, the generated oxygen participated in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and produced abundant singlet oxygen. Our investigations demonstrate that these PC-Mn@Dox-NPs exhibit multiple bioresponsibilities and favorable biosafety. By integrating Dox-induced chemotherapy, Mn2+-mediated chemodynamic therapy, and PC-based PDT via cascade reactions, PC-Mn@Dox-NPs achieved enhanced in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacies compared to all the mono- or dual-therapeutic approaches. These findings reveal that PC-Mn@Dox-NPs can be exploited as a promising nanococktail for cascade reaction-mediated synergistic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ya Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Brandon S B Canup
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Dingpei Long
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Changming Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Matamoros BP, Prida JM, Rol GP. Nutraceutical and therapeutic potential of Phycocyanobilin for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Biosci 2021; 46:42. [PMID: 34047285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition provoking the loss of cognitive and memory performances. Despite huge efforts to develop effective AD therapies, there is still no cure for this neurological condition. Here, we review the main biological properties of Phycocyanobilin (PCB), accounting for its potential uses against AD. PCB, given individually or released in vivo from C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), acts as a bioactive-molecule-mediating antioxidant, is anti-inflammatory and has immunomodulatory activities. PCB/C-PC are able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, to counteract lipid peroxidation and to inhibit enzymes such as NADPH oxidase and COX-2. In animal models of multiple sclerosis and ischemic stroke, these compounds induce remyelination as demonstrated by electron microscopy and the expression of genes such as Mal up-regulation of and Lingo-1 down-regulation. These treatments also reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and induce immune suppressive genes. PCB/C-PC protects isolated rat brain mitochondria and inactivate microglia, astrocytes and neuronal apoptosis mediators. Such processes are all involved in the pathogenic cascade of AD, and thus PCB may effectively mitigate the injury in this condition. Furthermore, PCB can be administered safely by oral or parenteral routes and therefore, could be commercially offered as a nutraceutical supplement or as a pharmaceutical drug.
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Etemadi A, Eftekhari Bayati S, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. In vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium discs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102062. [PMID: 33068819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formed on sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro experimental study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), sublethal dose of diode laser irradiation time, and sublethal dose of aPDT were first determined. Next, 30 SLA titanium discs with 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were incubated with A. actinomycetemcomitans in order for the bacterial biofilm to form, and were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): (I) negative control with no treatment, (II) positive control, immersed in 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) for 5 min, (III) phycocyanin alone with ×2 MIC concentration for 5 min, (IV) diode laser alone (635 nm wavelength, 220 mW power), and (V) PDT with diode laser and phycocyanin. The samples were then sonicated, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) on each disc was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, and a post-hoc test. RESULTS aPDT with 125 μg/mL phycocyanin and 4 min irradiation of 635 nm diode laser decreasedA. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm by 40.07 %. The lowest mean colony count (CFUs/mL) was noted in 0.2 % CHX group (0.0 × 105 CFU/mL) while the highest mean was observed in the negative control group (4.55 ± 0.08 × 105 CFUs/mL). Using phycocyanin alone significantly decreased the A. actinomycetemcomitans count by 27.54 % (3.29 ± 0.06 × 105 CFUs/mL) compared with the negative control group (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were noted between the negative control and other groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION aPDT with phycocyanin and diode laser can decrease the A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium implant surfaces and can be used as a safe and non-invasive decontamination method for reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eftekhari Bayati
- Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li W, Lu L, Liu B, Qin S. Effects of phycocyanin on pulmonary and gut microbiota in a radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110826. [PMID: 33068929 PMCID: PMC7556228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Radiation pneumonia and fibrosis are major clinical complications of radiotherapy for thoracic tumor patients, and may significantly reduce survival and quality of life. At present, no safe and effective radiation protection measures have been approved for clinical use. Phycocyanin, a protein responsible for photosynthesis from Spirulina, has been shown to have a variety of biological activities and to be beneficial for a variety of diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the preventive and protective effects of phycocyanin on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis have not been studied. Design X-ray single dose irradiation was used on the chest of mice to prepare a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, from which the effect of phycocyanin on pulmonary histopathologic change, pulmonary fibrosis, the microbiota in lung and gut, LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 at different time after irradiation were evaluated. Results Phycocyanin alleviated the radiation-induced lung injury and reduced the level of inflammatory factors. Thorax irradiation led to the disorder in microbiota of the lung and gut. The variation trend of the diversity of the two tissues was opposite, but that of the microbiota composition was similar. The phycocyanin intervention regulated the composition of the lung and gut microbiota, transformed them into normal state, and reduced the level of LPS, which significantly reduced the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria, and increased the abundance of probiotics that produce short-chain fatty acids. Conclusion Phycocyanin could regulate the radiation-induced disorder in lung and gut microbiota of mice, and reduce the radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lina Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR China.
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Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Thakur A, Kentaro S, Dev A, Singh S, Chandrashekharappa R B, Kumar H, Acevedo O, Nakajima Y, Daima HK, Aradhya A, Nagaraj P N, Maruyama M. c-Phycocyanin primed silver nano conjugates: Studies on red blood cell stress resilience mechanism. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111211. [PMID: 32615521 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesis of metal-encased nutraceutical nano-hybrids has been a target for research over the last few years. In the present investigation, we have reported temperature dependent facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using FDA approved c phycocyanin (cPC). The cPC conjugated silver nanoparticles (AgcPCNPs) were characterized by TEM, Zeta Potential, UV-vis, XPS, FTIR, and CD Spectroscopy. The temperature optimization studies suggested the synthesis of stable AgcPCNPs at 40 °C while at higher temperature system shows aggregated appearance. Molecular docking studies predicted the exclusive interaction of C, D, I, and J chains of cPC with the surface of AgNPs. Moreover, AgcPCNPs significantly (p < 0.1 %) counteract the toxic nature of AgNPs on red blood cell by measuring parameters like total RBC count, % hemolysis, % hematocrit, coagulation time, pH, electrolyte concentrations and degree of blood cell lipid peroxidation by the anti-oxidation mechanism. Skin fibroblast in vitro cell migration result suggeststhat AgcPCNPs enhanced the degree of cell movement towards the wound area. Data obtained collectively demonstrate that AgcPCNPs can be a better agent in the dermal wound healing with reduced toxicity with the bi-phasic advantage of cPC as a wound healer and Ag nano-metal as an anti-bacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan.
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Abhishek Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Sakai Kentaro
- Center for Collaborative Research and Community Corporation, Division of Materials Research, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 2192, Japan
| | - Abhimanyu Dev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Bistivalli Chandrashekharappa R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Paneer Campus, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Paneer Campus, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Hemant Kumar Daima
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedcine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Akhela Aradhya
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedcine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, Kant-Kalwar, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Navya Nagaraj P
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, 638401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
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AlQranei MS, Aljohani H, Majumdar S, Senbanjo LT, Chellaiah MA. C-phycocyanin attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro through inhibiting ROS levels, NFATc1 and NF-κB activation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2513. [PMID: 32054921 PMCID: PMC7018981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone loss occurs in inflammatory disorders such as periodontitis and osteoporosis. The underlying mechanism is related to the differentiation of macrophages into multinucleated giant osteoclasts and their bone resorptive activity. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a phycobiliprotein extracted from the blue-green algae, which has been shown to have various pharmacological effects. The role of C-PC on bone metabolism needs revelation. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of C-PC as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation, activity, and survival in vitro. We found that C-PC strongly inhibited the differentiation of macrophages to TRAP-positive osteoclasts, distinctive osteoclast specific podosomal organization, and dentine matrix resorption without any cytotoxicity. Also, it suppressed the expression of osteoclast specific markers, such as cathepsin K and integrin β3 at mRNA and protein levels. RANKL mediated signaling utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the differentiation of osteoclasts. C-PC attenuated RANKL stimulated ROS. Mechanistic studies indicate that C-PC has the potential to reduce osteoclast formation via blocking the degradation of cytosolic IκB-α and hence, the activation of downstream markers such as c-Fos and NFATc1. However, it does not have any effect on osteoblast-mediated bone formation in vitro. Collectively, our data suggest that C-PC may be utilized as a therapeutic agent that can target bone loss mediated by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption without affecting osteoblastic activity in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S AlQranei
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics Sciences, King Saud University, School of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda T Senbanjo
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hao S, Li S, Wang J, Zhao L, Yan Y, Wu T, Zhang J, Wang C. C-Phycocyanin Suppresses the In Vitro Proliferation and Migration of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells through Reduction of RIPK1/NF-κB Activity. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E362. [PMID: 31216707 PMCID: PMC6627888 DOI: 10.3390/md17060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, derived from Spirulina platensis, is a type of natural antineoplastic marine protein. It is known that phycocyanin exerts anticancer effects on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Herein, the antitumor function and regulatory mechanism of phycocyanin were investigated in three NSCLC cell lines for the first time: H358, H1650, and LTEP-a2. Cell phenotype experiments suggested that phycocyanin could suppress the survival rate, proliferation, colony formation, and migration abilities, as well as induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) was significantly down-regulated by phycocyanin in the LTEP-a2 cell, which was further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in two other cell lines. Interestingly, similar to phycocyanin-treated assays, siRNA knockdown of RIPK1 expression also resulted in growth and migration inhibition of NSCLC cells. Moreover, the activity of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed after silencing RIPK1 expression, indicating that phycocyanin exerted anti-proliferative and anti-migratory function through down-regulating RIPK1/NF-κB activity in NSCLC cells. This study proposes a mechanism of action for phycocyanin involving both NSCLC apoptosis and down regulation of NSCLC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Hao S, Li S, Wang J, Yan Y, Ai X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Wu T, Liu L, Wang C. Phycocyanin Exerts Anti-Proliferative Effects through Down-Regulating TIRAP/NF-κB Activity in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E588. [PMID: 31207932 PMCID: PMC6627414 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a type of marine functional food additive, exerting a health care efficacy with no side effects. It has been shown that phycocyanin possesses anticancer function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but the underlying regulatory mechanism still remains unclear. Further investigation on the antineoplastic mechanism of phycocyanin would provide useful information on NSCLC treatment. In this study, we explored the in vitro function and mechanism of phycocyanin in three typical NSCLC cell lines, H1975, H1650, and LTEP-a2, for the first time. Phenotypic experiments showed that phycocyanin significantly induced the apoptosis as well as suppressed the growth of NSCLC cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) was significantly down-regulated by phycocyanin. Strikingly, similar to phycocyanin-treated assays, siRNA knockdown of TIRAP expression also resulted in the anti-proliferative phenomenon in NSCLC cells. In addition, the activity of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed after silencing TIRAP expression, revealing that phycocyanin exerted anti-proliferative function through down-regulating TIRAP/NF-κB activity in NSCLC cells. Collectively, this study has laid a theoretical basis on the treatment of NSCLC and the potential utilization of marine functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xin Ai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Liu Y, Jovcevski B, Pukala TL. C-Phycocyanin from Spirulina Inhibits α-Synuclein and Amyloid-β Fibril Formation but Not Amorphous Aggregation. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:66-73. [PMID: 30620188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathies including cataracts and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are characterized by a series of aberrant protein folding events, resulting in amorphous aggregate or amyloid fibril formation. In the latter case, research has heavily focused on the development of small-molecule inhibitors with limited success during clinical trials. However, very few studies have focused on utilizing exogenous proteins as potential aggregation inhibitors. C-Phycocyanin, derived from Spirulina sp., has been known to exert anti-inflammatory properties; however, the ability of C-phycocyanin to inhibit protein aggregation has yet to be investigated. We have demonstrated that C-phycocyanin is an effective inhibitor of A53Tα-synuclein at extremely low substoichiometric ratios (200-fold excess of α-synuclein) and Aβ40/42 fibril formation. However, C-phycocyanin is relatively ineffective in inhibiting the reduction-induced amorphous aggregation of ADH and heat-induced aggregation of catalase. In addition, 2D NMR, ion mobility-mass spectrometry, and analytical-SEC demonstrate that the interaction between C-phycocyanin and α-synuclein is through nonstable interactions, indicating that transient interactions are likely to be responsible for preventing fibril formation. Overall, this work highlights how biomolecules from natural sources could be used to aid in the development of therapeutics to combat protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Liu
- The School of Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Cangzhou , Hebei 061100 , People's Republic of China
- The School of Physical Sciences , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Blagojce Jovcevski
- The School of Physical Sciences , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Tara L Pukala
- The School of Physical Sciences , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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Park WS, Kim HJ, Li M, Lim DH, Kim J, Kwak SS, Kang CM, Ferruzzi MG, Ahn MJ. Two Classes of Pigments, Carotenoids and C-Phycocyanin, in Spirulina Powder and Their Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082065. [PMID: 30126131 PMCID: PMC6222893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis is the widely available source of spirulina that contains distinctive natural pigments, including carotenoids and C-phycocyanin (C-PC). In this study, the major carotenoid and C-PC contents were determined in seven commercially available spirulina powder products and laboratory-prepared A. platensis trichomes (AP-1) by an LC-DAD method and UV-Visible spectrometry, respectively. The correlation of these two pigment content levels with Hunter color coordinates and antioxidant activity was also evaluated. The L* value failed to show a significant correlation with pigment content, but a positive correlation was observed between a* values and the contents of total carotenoid and C-PC. As b* values decreased, the chlorophyll a and C-PC contents increased. AP-1 exhibited the highest content of total carotenoids, chlorophyll a and C-PC, and antioxidant activities among the samples. This observation could be related to degradation of these pigments during the mass production process. The carotenoid profiles suggested that the commercial spirulina powders originated from two different sources, A. platensis and A. maxima. Total carotenoid and C-PC content exhibited positive significant correlations with antioxidant activities measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. These results provide a strong scientific foundation for the establishment of standards for the commercial distribution of quality spirulina products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Min Li
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Dong Hoon Lim
- Department of Information and Statistics and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea.
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | | | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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41
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Hao S, Yan Y, Li S, Zhao L, Zhang C, Liu L, Wang C. The In Vitro Anti-Tumor Activity of Phycocyanin against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060178. [PMID: 29882874 PMCID: PMC6025048 DOI: 10.3390/md16060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, a type of functional food colorant, is shown to have a potent anti-cancer property. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most aggressive form of cancers with few effective therapeutic options. Previous studies have demonstrated that phycocyanin exerts a growth inhibitory effect on NSCLC A549 cells. However, its biological function and underlying regulatory mechanism on other cells still remain unknown. Here, we investigated the in vitro function of phycocyanin on three typical NSCLC cell lines, NCI-H1299, NCI-H460, and LTEP-A2, for the first time. The results showed that phycocyanin could significantly induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, as well as suppress cell migration, proliferation, and the colony formation ability of NSCLC cells through regulating multiple key genes. Strikingly, phycocyanin was discovered to affect the cell phenotype through regulating the NF-κB signaling of NSCLC cells. Our findings demonstrated the anti-neoplastic function of phycocyanin and provided valuable information for the regulation of phycocyanin in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Liu C, Fu Y, Li CE, Chen T, Li X. Phycocyanin-Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles Reverse Palmitic Acid-Induced Pancreatic β Cell Apoptosis by Enhancing Cellular Uptake and Blocking Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Mitochondria Dysfunction. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4405-4413. [PMID: 28510423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of palmitic acid (PA) in human bodies could cause damage to pancreatic β cells and lead to chronic diseases by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it is of great significance to search for nutrition-available agents with antioxidant activity to protect pancreatic islet cells against PA-induced damage. Phycocyanin (PC) and selenium (Se) have been reported to have excellent antioxidant activity. In this study, PC-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (PC-SeNPs) were synthesized to investigate the in vitro protective effects on INS-1E rat insulinoma β cells against PA-induced cell death. A potent protective effect was achieved by regulation of particle size and PC content. Among three PC-SeNPs (165, 235, and 371 nm), PC-SeNPs-235 nm showed the highest cellular uptake and the best protective activities. For cell cycle analysis, PC-SeNPs showed a better protective effect on PA-induced INS-1E cell apoptosis than PC or SeNPs, and PC-SeNPs-235 nm exhibited the best effect. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that PA induced overproduction of intracellular ROS, mitochondria fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and cleavage of PARP. However, pretreatment of the cells with PC-SeNPs effectively blocked these intracellular events, which suggests that PC-SeNPs could protect INS-1E cells against PA-induced cell apoptosis via attenuating oxidative stress and downstream signaling pathways. This finding provides a great promising nutritional approach for protection against diseases related to islet damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanting Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chang-E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
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Radibratovic M, Minic S, Stanic-Vucinic D, Nikolic M, Milcic M, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Stabilization of Human Serum Albumin by the Binding of Phycocyanobilin, a Bioactive Chromophore of Blue-Green Alga Spirulina: Molecular Dynamics and Experimental Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167973. [PMID: 27959940 PMCID: PMC5154526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) binds with high affinity (2.2 x 106 M-1 at 25°C) to human serum albumin (HSA) at sites located in IB and IIA subdomains. The aim of this study was to examine effects of PCB binding on protein conformation and stability. Using 300 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, CD, FT-IR, spectrofluorimetry, thermal denaturation and susceptibility to trypsin digestion, we studied the effects of PCB binding on the stability and rigidity of HSA, as well as the conformational changes in PCB itself upon binding to the protein. MD simulation results demonstrated that HSA with PCB bound at any of the two sites showed greater rigidity and lower overall and individual domain flexibility compared to free HSA. Experimental data demonstrated an increase in the α-helical content of the protein and thermal and proteolytic stability upon ligand binding. PCB bound to HSA undergoes a conformational change to a more elongated conformation in the binding pockets of HSA. PCB binding to HSA stabilizes the structure of this flexible transport protein, making it more thermostable and resistant to proteolysis. The results from this work explain at molecular level, conformational changes and stabilization of HSA structure upon ligand binding. The resultant increased thermal and proteolytic stability of HSA may provide greater longevity to HSA in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Radibratovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Simeon Minic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanic-Vucinic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Milcic
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Bioinformatics, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (TCV); (MM)
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
- Ghent University Global Campus, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (TCV); (MM)
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Bharathiraja S, Seo H, Manivasagan P, Santha Moorthy M, Park S, Oh J. In Vitro Photodynamic Effect of Phycocyanin against Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111470. [PMID: 27827890 PMCID: PMC6273603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
C-phycocyanin, a natural blue-colored pigment-protein complex was explored as a novel photosensitizer for use in low-level laser therapy under 625-nm laser illumination. C-phycocyanin produced singlet oxygen radicals and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were raised in extended time of treatment. It did not exhibit any visible toxic effect in the absence of light. Under 625-nm laser irradiation, c-phycocyanin generated cytotoxic stress through ROS induction, which killed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells depending on concentrations. Different fluorescent staining of laser-treated cells explored apoptotic cell death characteristics like the shrinking of cells, cytoplasmic condensation, nuclei cleavage, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. In conclusion, phycocyanin is a non-toxic fluorescent pigment that can be used in low-level light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hansu Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| | | | | | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Jungwan Oh
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
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45
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Chen JC, Liu KS, Yang TJ, Hwang JH, Chan YC, Lee IT. Spirulina and C-phycocyanin reduce cytotoxicity and inflammation-related genes expression of microglial cells. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 15:252-6. [PMID: 22687570 DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the effects of Spirulina on BV-2 microglial cell cytotoxicity and inflammatory genes expression. METHODS BV-2 microglial cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/ml) and various concentrations of Spirulina platensis water extract or its active component (C-phycocyanin (C-PC)) for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNAs were assayed. RESULTS LPS increased LDH production and up-regulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 by BV-2 microglial cells. However, Spirulina platensis water extract and C-PC significantly reduced LPS-induced LDH release, and expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNAs. CONCLUSION Spirulina can reduce the cytotoxicity and inhibit expression of inflammation-related genes of LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.
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Gao Y, Liao G, Xiang C, Yang X, Cheng X, Ou Y. Effects of phycocyanin on INS-1 pancreatic β-cell mediated by PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 83:185-94. [PMID: 26616456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The level of methylglyoxal (MG), which is a side-product of metabolic pathways, particularly in glycolysis, is elevated in diabetes. Notably, the accumulation of MG causes a series of pathological changes. Phycocyanin (PC) has been demonstrated to show insulin-sensitizing effect, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of PC on INS-1 rat insulinoma β-cell against MG-induced cell dysfunction, as well as the underlying mechanisms. PC was preliminarily verified to time-dependently activate PI3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, but the PI3K-specific inhibitor Wortmannin blocked the effect of PC. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was impaired in MG-treated INS-1 cells. Furthermore, MG induced dephosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1, resulting in nuclear localization and transactivation of FoxO1. Nevertheless, these effects were all effectively attenuated by PC. The ameliorated insulin secretion was related to the changes of FoxO1 mediated by PC, which demonstrated by RNA interference. And, the dosage used in the above experiments did not affect β-cell viability and apoptosis, although long-term MG induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, PC was capable to protect INS-1 pancreatic β-cell against MG-induced cell dysfunction through modulating PI3K/Akt pathway and the downstream FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnv Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gaoyong Liao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Xiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuegan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA.
| | - Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Pan R, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhu W, Yang R, Zhang E, Ying J, Xu T, Yi H, Li J, Shi M, Zhou L, Xu Z, Li P, Bao Q. Spirulina phycocyanin induces differential protein expression and apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:951-9. [PMID: 26410814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effects of phycocyanin (PC) on Human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. The inhibitory effects of PC on the cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay. The IC50 values of PC were 182.0μM and 133.6μM for 24h and 48h exposure, respectively. PC induced apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells was observed by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The apoptosis rate was increased from 1.6% to 19.8% after PC exposure. The fluorescence intensity of ROS and the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 were increased. Differentiated expression protein spots were selected and identified using proteomic techniques. There were 698±73 and 683±79 protein spots resolved in untreated and PC-treated cells, respectively. Forty five differential protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, including mtSSB, PSME3, and nucleolin. The mRNA expression profiles determined by RT-PCR were consistent with that of the two-dimensional electrophoresis. The decreased proteins such as HSP60, nucleolin, PPase, peroxiredoxin-4 and the increased protein (mtSSB) were identified in SKOV-3 cells after PC treatment, indicating that the effects of PC on tumor cell apoptosis may be relate to multiple target proteins. And the mitochondrial pathway may be the main pathway for PC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongmao Lu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | | | - Jun Ying
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Teng Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huiguang Yi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengru Shi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zuyuan Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qiyu Bao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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48
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Liu J, Zhang QY, Yu LM, Liu B, Li MY, Zhu RZ. Phycocyanobilin accelerates liver regeneration and reduces mortality rate in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5465-5472. [PMID: 25987768 PMCID: PMC4427667 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of phycocyanobilin (PCB) in reducing hepatic injury and accelerating hepatocyte proliferation following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment.
METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were orally administered PCB 100 mg/kg for 4 d after CCl4 injection, and then the serum and liver tissue of the mice were collected at days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 after CCl4 treatment. A series of evaluations were performed to identify the curative effects on liver injury and recovery. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to indirectly assess the anti-inflammatory effects of PCB. Meanwhile, we detected the expressions of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), the factors which are associated with inflammation and liver regeneration. The protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), TNF-α and cytochrome C were detected by western blot. Furthermore, the survival rates were analyzed of mice which were administered a lethal dose of CCl4 (2.6 mg/kg) with or without PCB.
RESULTS: In our research, PCB showed a strongly anti-inflammatory effect on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. The ALT was significantly decreased after CCl4 treatment from day 1 (P < 0.01) and the AST was significantly decreased from day 2 (P < 0.001). Both albumin and liver SOD were increased from day 2 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01), but serum SOD levels did not show a significant increase (P > 0.05). PCB protected the structure of liver from the injury by CCl4. TUNEL assay showed that PCB dramatically reduced the number of apoptotic cells after CCl4 treatment compared to the control (101.0 ± 25.4 vs 25.7 ± 6.4, P < 0.01). The result of western blotting showed that PCB could increase PCNA expression, decrease TNF-α and cytochrome C expression. Furthermore, data shows that PCB could improve the survival rate of acute liver failure (ALF) mice which were injected with a lethal dose of CCl4 (60.0% vs 20.0%).
CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that PCB could be an ideal candidate for reversing acute liver injury or ALF.
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49
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Hussein MMA, Ali HA, Ahmed MM. Ameliorative effects of phycocyanin against gibberellic acid induced hepatotoxicity. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 119:28-32. [PMID: 25868813 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) was used extensively unaware in agriculture in spite of its dangerous effects on human health. The current study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effects of the co-administration of phycocyanin with GA3 induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in the liver. Forty male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control group) received normal saline for 6 weeks, Group II (GA3 treated group) received 3.85 mg/kg body weight GA3 once daily for 6 weeks, Group III (phycocyanin treated group) received Phycocyanin 200 mg/kg body weight/day for 6 weeks orally dissolved in distilled water and Group IV was treated with GA3 and phycocyanin at the same doses as groups 2 and 3. All treatments were given daily using intra-gastric intubation and continued for 6 weeks. Our results revealed significant downregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and their mRNA levels (CAT, GPx and Cu-Zn, SOD) with marked elevation of liver enzymes and extensive fibrous connective tissue deposition with large biliary cells in hepatic tissue of GA3 treated rats, while treatment with phycocyanin improved the antioxidant defense system, liver enzymes and structural hepatocytes recovery in phycocyanin treated group with GA3. These data confirm the antioxidant potential of Phycocyanin and provide strong evidence to support the co-administration of Phycocyanin during using GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
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McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Carvedilol and spirulina may provide important health protection to smokers and other nicotine addicts: a call for pertinent research. Mo Med 2015; 112:72-75. [PMID: 25812281 PMCID: PMC6170079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine and soluble semi-stable aldehydes and ketones in cigarette smoke are key mediators of the elevated risks for vascular disease, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease observed in smokers. Nicotine, via sympathetic stimulation, increases risk for both vascular disease and cancer. Comprehensive suppression of sympathetic activity with the well-tolerated drug carvedilol, which inhibits betal 1, beta2 and alphal adrenergic receptors, may be protective to smokers and other nicotine addicts. The soluble aldehydes and ketones in tobacco smoke appear to exert their adverse effects through activation of NADPH oxidase complexes in vascular tissues and in the lungs. The phytochemical phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), richly supplied by the edible cyanobacterium spirulina, in studies on rodents and in human cell cultures has shown the ability to safely mimic intracellular bilirubin's physiological role as an inhibitor ofNADPH oxidase activity. It therefore may have potential for mitigating the pro-oxidative effects of tobacco smoke aldehydes and ketones. Joint administration of carvedilol and spirulina merits exploration as a strategy for moderating the pathogenic impact of smoking in chronic tobacco users who either fail to quit or refuse to try cessation of tobacco. Carvedilol may be appropriate for those who manage a nicotine addiction in other ways (smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, nicotine gum). Further clinical studies to evaluate the impact of carvedilol on cardiovascular risk factors in nicotine addicts, and rodent studies to assess markers of lung inflammation in smoke- exposed rodents fed PhyCB, are recommended.
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