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Gamiette G, Ferdinand S, Couvin D, Dard C, Talarmin A. The recent introduction of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and its intermediate host Achatina fulica into Guadeloupe detected by phylogenetic analyses. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:276. [PMID: 37563598 PMCID: PMC10416417 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) is the main pathogen responsible for eosinophilic meningitis in humans. One of its intermediate snail hosts, Achatina fulica, was already present in many countries around the world before it appeared in the West Indies in the late 1980s. In the French territories in the Caribbean and northern South America, the first cases of human neuroangiostrongyliasis were reported in Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana in 2002, 2013 and 2017, respectively. In order to better characterize angiostrongyliasis in Guadeloupe, particularly its geographical origin and route of introduction, we undertook molecular characterization of adult worms of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and its intermediate host Achatina fulica. METHODS Genomic DNA of adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Achatina fulica was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the mitochondrial genes cytochrome B and C for A. cantonensis and 16S ribosomal RNA for A. fulica. The PCR products were sequenced and studied by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Cytochrome B and cytochrome C molecular markers indicate a monophyletic lineage of A. cantonensis adult worms in Guadeloupe. Two sequences of A. fulica were identified. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the recent introduction of both Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Achatina fulica into Guadeloupe. Achatina fulica in Guadeloupe shares a common origin with those in Barbados and New Caledonia, while Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Guadeloupe shares a common origin with those in Brazil, Hawaii and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelixa Gamiette
- Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Unité Transmission, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Séverine Ferdinand
- Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Unité Transmission, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - David Couvin
- Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Unité Transmission, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Céline Dard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Talarmin
- Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Unité Transmission, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Aslam M, Augustine S, Ann Mathew A, Kanthlal SK, Panonummal R. Apoptosis promoting activity of selected plant steroid in MRMT-1 breast cancer cell line by modulating mitochondrial permeation pathway. Steroids 2023; 190:109151. [PMID: 36455654 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Escape from apoptosis is one of the main demeanor characteristics of cancer cells. Mitochondria are key players in initiating and regulating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Hexokinase2 (HK2) is ubiquitously expressed in several cancer cells and is essential for cell survival and death. The binding of HK2 to mitochondria promotes cell proliferation, while AKT-1 mediated pathway is crucial in this process. Peimine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from plant steroids, is screened for docking properties, ADMET properties, and drug-likeness. Apoptosis targets are predicted by network pharmacology using 47 genes associated with apoptosis. According to in silico study, peimine has the potential for dual Targeting on HK2 and AKT1. For further confirmation, peimine was subjected to Cell culture studies using MRMT-1 rat breast cancer cells. The elevated levels of cytochrome c and Caspase 9 activity indicate that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway causes cell death. The decreased glucose uptake by the MRMT-1 cells indicates that pimine inhibits glucose transport by inhibiting the membrane HK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Aslam
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sanu Augustine
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - S K Kanthlal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
| | - Rajitha Panonummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
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Ojo OO, Ogunleke T, Ajeoge J, Olorunsogo OO. Experimental and molecular docking studies of quercetin and vitamin E with diabetes-associated mitochondrial-ATPase as anti-apoptotic therapeutic strategies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1717-1729. [PMID: 36404854 PMCID: PMC9672242 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Researches have shown the relevance of antioxidants in the management of several diseases. In the present study, the effects of quercetin and vitamin E were investigated on the mitochondrial functions in vivo and in silico. Methods Structures of quercetin and vitamin E were docked against mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase), and cytochrome c cavity. Activity of liver mATPase and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening were determined by spectrophotometry and activation of cytochrome c was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The binding energy of vitamin E (-9 Kcal/mol) in mATPase cavity compares well with glibenclamide (-9.4 Kcal/mol), while quercetin had a binding energy of -7.1 Kcal/mol. Similarly, vitamin E, quercetin were bound to cytochrome c by -6.4 and - 5.5 Kcal/mol energy, while glibenclamide had -7.0 Kcal/mol binding energy. The results showed that vitamin E was more accessible to the protoporphyrin prosthetic group in cytochrome c than quercetin. In the experimental studies, it was validated that vitamin E inhibited the uncontrolled activity of mATPase in diabetic rat liver. This was also proven and tested on the liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening observed in diabetic rats. Further experimental assessment of these on activation of cytochrome c showed that vitamin E reduced the extent of the activation more than quercetin and glibenclamide. Conclusion There is a favorable protein-ligand interaction between quercetin and vitamin E in certain apoptotic proteins implicated in diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin O. Ojo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284 Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Anchor University Lagos, Lagos, 100278 Nigeria
| | - Titilayo Ogunleke
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284 Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ajeoge
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Anchor University Lagos, Lagos, 100278 Nigeria
| | - Olufunso O. Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284 Nigeria
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Hassan ZR, Salama DEA, Ibrahim HF. Apoptotic changes in the intestinal epithelium of Cryptosporidium-infected mice after silver nanoparticles treatment versus nitazoxanide. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1011-1020. [PMID: 36457780 PMCID: PMC9606195 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium has been identified as one of the prevalent opportunistic parasites that cause diarrhea, which may be persistent and fatal. Current chemotherapeutic agents, including nitazoxanide (NTZ), are frequently associated with therapeutic failure, and their roles in the induction of apoptosis in cryptosporidiosis remain to be a topic of debate. Thus, this study aimed to assess the apoptotic changes in cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent (IC) and immunosuppressed (IS) mice after treatment with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and NTZ either alone or after loading. In total, 120 laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice were divided into two groups. Group A included IC mice, while Group B included IS mice. Both groups were divided into six subgroups: noninfected nontreated, infected nontreated, infected AgNP-treated, infected NTZ-treated, infected AgNP-loaded NTZ (full-dose)-treated, and infected AgNP-loaded NTZ (half-dose)-treated. The assessment was achieved through parasitological, histopathological, and apoptotic marker expression evaluation. AgNP-loaded NTZ (different doses) treatment showed the highest oocyst shedding reduction and remarkable improvement in histopathological changes, followed by individual treatment with NTZ and then AgNPs in IC and IS mice. Results of apoptotic marker expression revealed that AgNP-loaded NTZ treatment exhibited a promising role in regulating apoptotic changes in cryptosporidiosis through the expression of the lowest levels of cytochrome C and caspase-3 in IC and IS mice at the end of the experiment. Therefore, AgNP-loaded NTZ can be a potential therapeutic agent against cryptosporidiosis for IC and IS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab R. Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa E. A. Salama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan F. Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shlosberg Y, Brekhman V, Lotan T, Sepunaru L. Direct Electricity Production from Nematostella and Arthemia's Eggs in a Bio-Electrochemical Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15001. [PMID: 36499326 PMCID: PMC9738779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extensive efforts have been made to develop clean energy technologies to replace fossil fuels to assist the struggle against climate change. One approach is to exploit the ability of bacteria and photosynthetic organisms to conduct external electron transport for electricity production in bio-electrochemical cells. In this work, we first show that the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and eggs of Artemia (brine shrimp) secrete redox-active molecules that can reduce the electron acceptor Cytochrome C. We applied 2D fluorescence spectroscopy and identified NADH or NADPH as secreted species. Finally, we broaden the scope of living organisms that can be integrated with a bio-electrochemical cell to the sea anemones group, showing for the first time that Nematostella and eggs of Artemia can produce electrical current when integrated into a bio-electrochemical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Shlosberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Vera Brekhman
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Tamar Lotan
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Lior Sepunaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Shukla AK, Abidi SMS, Sharma C, Chand Saini T, Acharya A. Single-walled carbon nanotube conjugated cytochrome c as exogenous nano catalytic medicine to combat intracellular oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:238-252. [PMID: 36257485 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be one of the main causes of many diseases including cancer, type2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac ischemia, sepsis, muscular dystrophy, etc. Under in vitro conditions, Cytochrome C (Cyt C) maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and stimulates apoptosis, along with being a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. Hence, the medicinal importance of Cyt C as catalytic defense is immensely important in various mitochondrial disorders. Here, we have developed a nanomaterial via electrostatically conjugating oxidized single-wall carbon nanotube with Cyt C (Cyt C@cSWCNT) for the exogenous delivery of Cyt C. The chemical and morphological characterization of the developed Cyt C@cSWCNT was done using UV-vis, FTIR, XPS, powder XRD, TGA/DSC, TEM, etc. The developed Cyt C@cSWCNT exhibited bifunctional catalase and peroxidase activity with Km (∼ 642.7 μM and 351.6 μM) and Vmax (∼0.33 μM/s and 2.62 μM/s) values, respectively. Also, through this conjugation Cyt C was found to retain its catalytic activity even at 60 °C, excellent catalytic recyclability (at least up to 3 times), and wider pH activity (pH = 3 to 9). Cyt C@cSWCNT was found to promote intracellular ROS quenching and maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular membrane integrity via Na+/K+ ion homeostasis during the H2O2 stress. Overall the present strategy provides an alternative approach for the exogenous delivery of Cyt C which can be used as nano catalytic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Syed M S Abidi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Chandni Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Trilok Chand Saini
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.), 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Marwarha G, Røsand Ø, Slagsvold KH, Høydal MA. GSK3β Inhibition Is the Molecular Pivot That Underlies the Mir-210-Induced Attenuation of Intrinsic Apoptosis Cascade during Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169375. [PMID: 36012628 PMCID: PMC9409400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is a deleterious consequence of hypoxia-induced cellular stress. The master hypoxamiR, microRNA-210 (miR-210), is considered the primary driver of the cellular response to hypoxia stress. We have recently demonstrated that miR-210 attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death. In this paper, we unveil that the miR-210-induced inhibition of the serine/threonine kinase Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) in AC-16 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia stress underlies the salutary protective response of miR-210 in mitigating the hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death. Using transient overexpression vectors to augment miR-210 expression concomitant with the ectopic expression of the constitutive active GSK3β S9A mutant (ca-GSK3β S9A), we exhaustively performed biochemical and molecular assays to determine the status of the hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptosis cascade. Caspase-3 activity analysis coupled with DNA fragmentation assays cogently demonstrate that the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity underlies the miR-210-induced attenuation in the hypoxia-driven apoptotic cell death. Further elucidation and delineation of the upstream cellular events unveiled an indispensable role of the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity in mediating the miR-210-induced mitigation of the hypoxia-driven BAX and BAK insertion into the outer mitochondria membrane (OMM) and the ensuing Cytochrome C release into the cytosol. Our study is the first to unveil that the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity is indispensable in mediating the miR-210-orchestrated protective cellular response to hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Røsand
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katrine Hordnes Slagsvold
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Andre Høydal
- Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-48134843
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Safi SZ, Saeed L, Shah H, Latif Z, Ali A, Imran M, Muhammad N, Emran TB, Subramaniyan V, Ismail ISB. Mechanisms of β-adrenergic receptors agonists in mediating pro and anti-apoptotic pathways in hyperglycemic Müller cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35925485 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to investigate the stimulatory effect of beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) on brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). METHODS Human Müller cells were cultured in low and high glucose conditions. Cells were treated with xamoterol (selective agonist for β1-AR), salmeterol (selective agonist for β2-AR), isoproterenol (β-ARs agonist) and propranolol (β-ARs antagonist), at 20 µM concentration for 24 h. Western Blotting assay was performed for the gene expression analysis. DNA damage was evaluated by TUNEL assay. DCFH-DA assay was used to check the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cytochrome C release was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Xamoterol, salmeterol and isoproterenol showed no effect on Caspase-8 but it reduced the apoptosis and increased the expression of BDNF in Müller cells. A significant change in the expression of caspase-3 was observed in cells treated with xamoterol and salmeterol as compared to isoproterenol. Xamoterol, salmeterol and isoproterenol significantly decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) when treated for 24 hours. Glucose-induced cytochrome c release was disrupted in Müller cells. CONCLUSION β-ARs, stimulated by agonist play a protective role in hyperglycemic Müller cells, with the suppression of glucose-induced caspase-3 and cytochrome c release. B-Ars may directly mediate the gene expression of BDNF.
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wu X, Song R, Zhang X, Wang M, He S, Chen Q. A Novel Anderson-Evans Polyoxometalate-based Metal-organic Framework Composite for the Highly Selective Isolation and Purification of Cytochrome C from Porcine Heart. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112420. [PMID: 35227995 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anderson-Evans type polyoxometalate group (Na6[TeW6O24]·22 H2O, TeW6) was combined with porous metal-organic framework ZIF-8 by electrostatic interaction to obtain a novel Anderson-Evans polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework composite, TeW6 @ZIF-8. FT-IR, Raman, XRD, TG, DSC, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the composite. It was proved that the Anderson-Evans type polyoxometalate group TeW6 was successfully hybridized with metal-organic framework ZIF-8, and the composite possesses good stability. Based on the potential interaction between TeW6 and proteins and the coordination between imidazole groups in ZIF-8 and proteins with a porphyrin ring structure, the adsorption selectivity towards different proteins on the TeW6 @ZIF-8 composite was studied in this work. The experiment results showed that the TeW6 @ZIF-8 composite was selectively adsorbed to cytochrome C. At pH 11.0, the adsorption efficiency of 94.01% was obtained for processing 1.0 mL 100 μg mL-1 cytochrome C with 3.0 mg TeW6 @ZIF-8 composite. The adsorption behavior of cytochrome C fits well with the Langmuir adsorption model, corresponding to a theoretical adsorption capacity of 232.56 mg g-1. The retained cytochrome C could be readily recovered by 1% SDS (m/m), giving rise to a recovery of 65.6%. Circular dichroism spectra indicate no conformational change for cytochrome C after the adsorption and desorption processes, demonstrating the favorable biocompatibility of TeW6 @ZIF-8 composite. In applying practical samples, SDS-PAGE results showed that cytochrome C was successfully isolated and purified by TeW6 @ZIF-8 composite from porcine heart protein extract, which is further identified with LC-MS/MS. Thus, a new strategy for separating and purifying cytochrome C from the porcine heart using TeW6 @ZIF-8 composite as an adsorbent was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China; Translational Medicine Research Centre, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China.
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Abdollahi-Diba M, Bashiri J, Pourmanaf H, Fekri-Kourabbaslou V. The effect of endurance exercise and rosehip extract supplementation on the expression of P53 and cytochrome C genes in male rat heart. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2022; 14:246-252. [PMID: 36699555 PMCID: PMC9871160 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2022.31599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the effect of apoptosis on cardiovascular disease, this study aimed to determine the combined effect of endurance exercise and rosehip extract supplementation on the expression of P53 and cytochrome C genes in the myocardium of male rats. Methods: A total of 35 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7) as follows: endurance exercise+rosehip extract supplementation (Ex+Supp), endurance exercise (Ex), rosehip extract supplementation (Supp), six-month control (Con2), and three-month control (Con). The subjects in Ex+Supp and Ex groups performed endurance exercise (running on a treadmill at 24-33 m/min for 10-60 min) for 12 weeks, five times a week. Subjects in Ex+Supp and Supp groups consumed 1000 milligrams/ kilogram of rosehip extract for 12 weeks. Also, Con and Con2 groups did not receive any intervention. To RNA extraction and synthesis cDNA and evaluate the P53 and cytochrome C genes of the myocardium of rats, RT-PCR analysis was used. Results: Neither endurance exercise nor rosehip alone nor together significantly affected the expression of cytochrome C and P53 genes in the heart muscle of male rats (P>0.05). Also, endurance exercise (P=0.001) and rosehip supplementation (P=0.002) alone and in interaction (P<0.01) had a significant effect on body weight, myocardium weight, and the ratio of myocardium weight to body weight in male rats. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of endurance exercise accompanied with rosehip extract did not significantly affect the expression of P53 and cytochrome C genes. Further studies are suggested to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abdollahi-Diba
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jabar Bashiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourmanaf
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Fekri-Kourabbaslou
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Vahid Fekri-Kourabbaslou,
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Karmakar S, Sankhla A, Katiyar V. Supramolecular organization of Cytochrome-C into quantum-dot decorated macromolecular network under pH and thermal stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1623-1634. [PMID: 34742836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The holo form of Cytochrome-C which is involved in the electron transfer chain of aerobic and anaerobic respiration remains structurally intact by its complex with heme. However, when a prolonged thermal and pH stress was applied, heme was found to abruptly dissociate from the holo protein, resulting in complete collapse of the three-dimensional functional structure. Interestingly, two distinct structures were formed as the consequence of the dissociation event: (i) A macromolecular amyloid-network formed by the collapsed protein fragments, generated by self-oxidation, and (ii) Fe-containing Quantum-Dots (FeQDs) with 2-3 nm diameter formed by heme reorganization. Further adding to intrigue, the FeQDs were re-adsorbed on the surface of the amyloid network leading to FeQD-decorated macromolecular amyloid matrix. The heme-interactant Met80, constituting the amyloidogenic region, initiates the amylogenic cascade, and gradual exposure of Trp59 synergistically emit intrinsic fluorescence alongside FeQDs. The development of the aforementioned events were probed through a multitude of biophysical, chemical and computational analyses like ThT/ANS/intrinsic fluorescence assays, CD-spectroscopy, FETEM/STEM/elemental mapping, Foldamyloid/Foldunfold/Isunstruct/H-protection/LIGplot analyses, etc. The FeQD-decorated amyloid-network was found to exhibit gel-like property, which supported the growth of BHK-21 fibroblast without cytotoxicity. Further studies on FeQD-decorated Cytochrome C amyloid network might open possibilities to design advanced biomaterial for diverse biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijeeb Karmakar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Arjun Sankhla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Dell'Aglio M, Salajková Z, Mallardi A, Sportelli MC, Kaiser J, Cioffi N, De Giacomo A. Sensing nanoparticle-protein corona using nanoparticle enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy signal enhancement. Talanta 2021; 235:122741. [PMID: 34517609 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently nanoparticle enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NELIBS) is getting a growing interest as an effective alternative method for improving the analytical performance of LIBS. On the other hand, the plasmonic effect during laser ablation can be used for a different task rather than elemental analysis. In this paper, the dependence of NELIBS emission signal enhancement on nanoparticle-protein solutions dried on a reference substrate (metallic titanium) was investigated. Two proteins were studied: Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and Cytochrome C (CytC). Both proteins have a strong affinity for the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to the bonding between the single free exterior thiol (associated with a cysteine residue) and the gold surface to form a stable protein corona. Then, since the protein sizes are vastly different, a different number of protein units is needed to cover AuNP surface to form a protein layer. The NP-protein solution was dropped and dried onto the titanium substrate. Then the NELIBS signal enhancement of Ti emission lines was correlated to the solution characteristics as determined with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and Laser Doppler Electrophoresis (LDE) for ζ-potential determination. Moreover, the dried solutions were studied with TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) for the inspection of the inter-particle distance. The structural effect of the NP-protein conjugates on the NELIBS signal reveals that NELIBS can be used to determine the number of protein units required to form the nanoparticle-protein corona with good accuracy. Although the investigated NP-protein systems are simple cases in biological applications, this work demonstrates, for the first time, a different use of NELIBS that is beyond elemental analysis and it opens the way for sensing the nanoparticle protein corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Dell'Aglio
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Chemistry Department, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Zita Salajková
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonia Mallardi
- CNR-IPCF, Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, c/o Chemistry Department, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Giacomo
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Chemistry Department, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Guo Z, Wang X, Hu Z, Wu C, Shen Z. The pentatricopeptide repeat protein GEND1 is required for root development and high temperature tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 578:63-69. [PMID: 34536829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are a large family in land plants that play a role in organellular RNA processing, editing, and splicing. Here, we identify an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, gend1-1, which exhibits a short root phenotype with reduced meristem size and cell numbers. Positional cloning of GEND1 revealed that it encodes a PPR protein, and functional analysis showed that GEND1 can bind and edit mitochondrial ccmFn-1 mRNA, causing gend1 mutants to have decreased levels of cytochrome C. GEND1 was up-regulated by high temperature conditions, to which gend1 mutants were hypersensitive. Analysis of a set of PPR mutants under high temperature showed that mutants with defects in cytochrome C had comparable temperature sensitivity to gend1. Collectively, these results suggest that cytochrome C plays an important role in root development and high temperature response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Karvinen S, Juppi HK, Le G, Cabelka CA, Mader TL, Lowe DA, Laakkonen EK. Estradiol deficiency and skeletal muscle apoptosis: Possible contribution of microRNAs. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111267. [PMID: 33548486 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause leads to estradiol (E2) deficiency that is associated with decreases in muscle mass and strength. Here we studied the effect of E2 deficiency on microRNA (miR) signaling that targets apoptotic pathways. METHODS C57BL6 mice were divided into control (normal estrous cycle, n = 8), OVX (E2 deficiency, n = 7) and OVX + E2 groups (E2-pellet, n = 4). Six weeks following the OVX surgery, mice were sacrificed and RNA isolated from gastrocnemius muscles. miR-profiles were studied with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and candidate miRs verified using qPCR. The target proteins of the miRs were found using in silico analysis and measured at mRNA (qPCR) and protein levels (Western blot). RESULTS Of the apoptosis-linked miRs present, eleven (miRs-92a-3p, 122-5p, 133a-3p, 214-3p, 337-3p, 381-3p, 483-3p, 483-5p, 491-5p, 501-5p and 652-3p) indicated differential expression between OVX and OVX + E2 mice in NGS analysis. In qPCR verification, muscle from OVX mice had lower expression of all eleven miRs compared with OVX + E2 (p < 0.050). Accordingly, OVX had higher expression of cytochrome C and caspases 6 and 9 compared with OVX + E2 at the mRNA level (p < 0.050). At the protein level, OVX also had lower anti-apoptotic BCL-W and greater pro-apoptotic cytochrome C and active caspase 9 compared with OVX + E2 (p < 0.050). CONCLUSION E2 deficiency downregulated several miRs related to apoptotic pathways thus releasing their targets from miR-mediated suppression, which may lead to increased apoptosis and contribute to reduced skeletal muscle mass.
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McGlorthan L, Paucarmayta A, Casablanca Y, Maxwell GL, Syed V. Progesterone induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-8 and calcitriol via activation of caspase-9 pathways in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells in vitro. Apoptosis 2021; 26:184-94. [PMID: 33515314 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown inhibition of endometrial cancer cell growth with progesterone and calcitriol. However, the mechanisms by which the two agents attenuate proliferation have not been well characterized yet. Herein, we investigated how progesterone and calcitriol induce apoptosis in cancer cells. DNA fragmentation was upregulated by progesterone and calcitriol in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. Time-dependent treatment of ovarian cancer cells, ES-2, and TOV-21G with progesterone enhanced caspase -8 activity after 12 h, whereas OV-90, TOV-112D, HEC-1A, and HEC-59 cells showed increased activity after 24 h. Caspase 9 activity was increased in all cell lines after 24 h treatment with calcitriol. Pretreatment of cancer cells with a caspase-8 inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk) or caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-fmk) significantly attenuated progesterone and calcitriol induced caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression, respectively. The expression of FasL, Fas, FAD, and pro-caspase-8, which constitute the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), was upregulated in progesterone treated cancer cells. Knockdown of FAS or FADD with specific siRNAs significantly blocked progesterone-induced caspase-8. Cleavage of the BID was not affected by caspase-8 activation suggesting the absence of cross-talk between caspase-8 and caspase-9 pathways. Calcitriol treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the release of cancer cytochrome C. These findings indicate that progesterone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-8 and calcitriol through caspase-9 activation in cancer cells. A combination of progesterone-calcitriol activates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in cancer cells.
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Chehade H, Fox A, Mor GG, Alvero AB. Subcellular Fractionation to Demonstrate Activation of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2255:21-26. [PMID: 34033091 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1162-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within the cell, proteins are segregated into different organelles depending on their function and activation status. In response to stimulus, posttranslational modifications or loss of organelle membrane integrity lead to the movement of proteins from one compartment to another. This movement of proteins or protein translocation, exerts a significant effect on protein function. This is clearly demonstrated in the context of apoptosis wherein the cytoplasmic translocation of the mitochondrial resident protein, cytochrome C, initiates the activation of the intrinsic arm of the apoptotic pathway. Experimentally, protein translocation can be demonstrated by subcellular fractionation and subsequent western blot analysis of the isolated fractions. This chapter describes the step-by-step procedure in obtaining mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions from cell pellets and determining their purity and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Chehade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra Fox
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gil G Mor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ayesha B Alvero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Aslam A, Ahmad J, Baghdadi MA, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, Alhadrami M, Refaat B. Chemopreventive effects of vitamin D 3 and its analogue, paricalcitol, in combination with 5-fluorouracil against colorectal cancer: The role of calcium signalling molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166040. [PMID: 33338596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin D (VD) is chemoprotective and enhances 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer (CRC), little is known about its potential calcium (Ca2+)-mediated anti-tumorigenic actions. Therefore, this study compared between VD and its non-calcaemic analogue, Paricalcitol (Pcal), ± 5-FU in relation to chemoprevention and Ca2+-mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Seventy male mice were distributed to: negative controls, positive controls (PC), VD, Pcal, 5-FU, VD + 5-FU and Pcal+5-FU groups. All groups, except negative, received two consecutive azoxymethane (AOM)-injections (10 mg/Kg/week) for CRC induction. VD3 (1000 IU/kg; three times/week) and Pcal (1.25 μg/kg; three times/week) injections started week-16 post-AOM and for 10 weeks. Three successive 5-FU cycles began at week-21 (50 mg/Kg/week). Similar protocols with VD3, Pcal and/or 5-FU were applied in the HT29 colon cancer cells. RESULTS The PC group had abundant malignant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and declines in cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor-1A, pro-apoptotic molecules (p53/BAX/cytochrome_C/caspase-3), tissue Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+-dependent proteins (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA). All monotherapies equally reduced tumour numbers and proliferation markers whilst promoting the anti-tumorigenic molecules. VD and/or 5-FU, but not Pcal monotherapy, enhanced Ca2+ levels and Ca2+-related molecules (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA/BAX/cytochrome_C) in vivo and in vitro. However, VD + 5-FU co-therapy showed the lowest tumour numbers, the highest cell numbers in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle, alongside the most effective modulations of oncogenes, tumour suppressors and Ca2+-related molecules at the gene and protein levels in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS VD3 was superior than Paricalcitol in potentiating 5-FU cytotoxicity, possibly by upregulating several Ca2+-related molecules involved in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Magni G, Banchelli M, Cherchi F, Coppi E, Fraccalvieri M, Rossi M, Tatini F, Pugliese AM, Rossi Degl'Innocenti D, Alfieri D, Matteini P, Pini R, Pavone FS, Rossi F. Experimental Study on Blue Light Interaction with Human Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E573. [PMID: 33291338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are an exuberant response to wound healing, characterized by an exaggerated synthesis of collagen, probably due to the increase of fibroblasts activity and to the reduction of their apoptosis rate: currently no standard treatments or pharmacological therapies are able to prevent keloid recurrence. To reach this goal, in recent years some physical treatments have been proposed, and among them the PhotoBioModulation therapy (PBM). This work analyses the effects of a blue LED light irradiation (410-430 nm, 0.69 W/cm2 power density) on human fibroblasts, isolated from both keloids and perilesional tissues. Different light doses (3.43-6.87-13.7-20.6-30.9 and 41.2 J/cm2) were tested. Biochemical assays and specific staining were used to assess cell metabolism, proliferation and viability. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to explore direct effects of the blue LED light on the Cytochrome C (Cyt C) oxidase. We also investigated the effects of the irradiation on ionic membrane currents by patch-clamp recordings. Our results showed that the blue LED light can modulate cell metabolism and proliferation, with a dose-dependent behavior and that these effects persist at least till 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the highest fluence value can reduce cell viability 24 h after irradiation in keloid-derived fibroblasts, while the same effect is observed 48 h after treatment in perilesional fibroblasts. Electrophysiological recordings showed that the medium dose (20.6 J/cm2) of blue LED light induces an enhancement of voltage-dependent outward currents elicited by a depolarizing ramp protocol. Overall, these data demonstrate the potentials that PBM shows as an innovative and minimally-invasive approach in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids, in association with current treatments.
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Shayeh JS, Sefidbakht Y, Omidi M, Yazdian F, Tayebi L. Graphite/gold nanoparticles electrode for direct protein attachment: characterization and gas sensing application. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:43202-43211. [PMID: 32734546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, graphite/gold nanoparticles (G/AuNPs) were synthesized through a facile chemical method, and its potential application for direct protein attachment for electrochemical detection of carbon monoxide (CO) was investigated. The preparation of G/AuNPs electrodes was optimized by synthesizing the nanoparticles in different concentration of HAuCl4.3H2O at various temperatures. The G/AuNPs electrode was subsequently modified by four types of mercaptopropionic acid, including 1-mercaptopropionic, 3-mercaptopropionic, 6-mercaptopropionic, and 11-mercaptopropionic acid, to achieve the best structure for protein attachment. Visible absorption and electrochemical studies showed that 3-mercaptopropionic acid possesses the best performance regarding the electrical conductivity between electrode and protein redox center. The cyclic voltammetry results revealed that the modified electrode has an appropriate performance for CO detection at very low concentrations while keeping a linear response. The limit of detection for the modified electrode was calculated to be about 0.2 ppb. Finally, the interactions of cytochrome C and carbon monoxides were simulated using molecular dynamics (MD), and the effect of protein conformation changes on the electrochemical signal was thoroughly examined. The simulation results suggested that the proposed electrochemical sensor has an acceptable performance for the detection of CO due to less fluctuation of amino acids near the protein chain in the presence of CO molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Shabani Shayeh
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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Amiri F, Dahaj MM, Siasi NH, Deyhim MR. Treatment of platelet concentrates with the L-carnitine modulates platelets oxidative stress and platelet apoptosis due to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduction and reducing cytochrome C release during storage. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 51:277-285. [PMID: 32794131 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelet concentrate (PC) transfusion is administrated to reduce the hemostatic complications in patients with thrombocytopenia. Strength platelet against oxidative stress conditions lead to decrease in platelet storage lesion (PSL). This study was aimed to evaluate L-carnitine (LC) effects on platelet oxidative stress and platelet apoptosis during storage time. PC bags were randomly selected and each bag was divided into two equal parts. L-carnitine was added to test groups. Normal saline was added to control groups. Platelets count, mean platelet volume (MPV), pH, Platelet aggregation, nitric oxide metabolism (nitric/nitrate), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondealdehyde concentration (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome C releasing were assayed by standard methods in 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of platelet storage. LDH enzyme activity was increased during storage but it had lower level in L-carnitine-treated platelets. LC treatment led to reduction in MDA concentration (3.35 ± 0.98 vs 5.3 ± 1.32, p = 0.003 and 6.52 ± 1.88 vs 5.67 ± 1.25, p = 0.005 for day 5 and day 7 respectively). Increased level of TAC was detected in LC-treated platelets in comparison to control (0.29 ± 0.06 vs 0.21 ± 0.05, p = 0.008 and 0.22 ± 0.03 vs 0.16 ± 0.03, p = 0.003 for day 5 and day 7 respectively). Interestingly, mitochondrial ROS and cytochrome C releasing was significantly lower in LC-treated versus control group during platelet storage. L-carnitine not only decreases mitochondrial ROS but also reduces cytochrome C releasing in PCs during storage. It might be considered as safe additive to decrease PSL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Malihe Mohammadi Dahaj
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Hemmat Exp. way, Next To the Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Helmi Siasi
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Hemmat Exp. way, Next To the Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Deyhim
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Hemmat Exp. way, Next To the Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.
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Deyhim MR, Yari F, Mesbah-Namin SA, Khoshnaghsh F. Protective effect of L-carnitine on platelet apoptosis during storage of platelet concentrate. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:139-46. [PMID: 32544525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet apoptosis is considered as one of the important factors involved in platelet storage lesion (PSL) and affect the quality of platelets during storage. The beneficial effect of L-carnitine (LC) on platelet apoptosis during platelet concentrates (PCs) storage has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LC on platelets of PC regarding their apoptosis markers during storage. METHODS Ten PCs from healthy donors were investigated in this study. PCs were prepared by platelet rich plasma (PRP) method and stored at 22±2°C with gentle agitation during storage. The effects of LC (15mM) on the platelet apoptosis were assessed by analyzing different indicative presence or absence of LC. Sampling was performed to evaluate apoptosis markers during platelet storage. RESULTS The results indicated significantly higher mitochondrial membrane potential for LC-treated platelets than the untreated on the days 2 and 5 of storage (Pday2=0.001, Pday5=0.001). Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure significantly increased on the untreated compared with LC-treated platelets on the second and third days of storage (Pday2=0.014, Pday3=0.012). Also, active caspase 3 was lower in the LC- treated platelets than the control group on the day 5 of storage (Pday5=0.004). Cytosolic cytochrome C was so significantly lower in LC-treated compared to the untreated platelets during storage time (Pday2=0.002, Pday3=0.001, Pday5=0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the use of LC as an additive solution in platelets may be useful to reduce PSL by decreasing platelet apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and increase platelet quality during storage.
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Smieško G, Banović P, Gusman V, Simin V, Cimpean AM, Lalošević D. Molecular evaluation of chronic restrain stress in mice model of non metastatic fibrosarcoma. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:367-74. [PMID: 32556790 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is regarded as a significant factor in the etiology of the many diseases. Numerous methods have been developed through which the effect of chronic stress is examined. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the new experimental model for analysis of immuno-suppression induced by chronic restraint stress, through challenge with conditionally tumorigenic cell line BHK-21/C13. 20 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 2 groups-control and experimental. Each mouse was subcutaneously inoculated with BHK-21/C13 cells. Stress in the experimental group was induced for 20 days. After the experiment, tumor masses were removed, and analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. We found a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034) in tumor expression and tumor volumes (p = 0.0061) between groups, as well as in immunopositivity on Ki67, cytochrome C and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Absence of immune infiltrate was noticed in experimental, and the presence of inflammatory infiltrate at tumor invasion front in control group.
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Sahin S, Ozmen I. Covalent immobilization of trypsin on polyvinyl alcohol-coated magnetic nanoparticles activated with glutaraldehyde. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113195. [PMID: 32163827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles were coated with polyvinyl alcohol and activated with glutaraldehyde for trypsin immobilization. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, zeta potential meter and vibrating sample magnetometer. Free and immobilized trypsin showed optimum activity at pH 6.0, 30 °C and pH 7.0, 40 °C, respectively. Immobilized trypsin was more stable than the free enzyme at 40 °C. After immobilization, Km of the immobilized trypsin increased, however, Vmax value was almost the same with free trypsin. According to the results, the immobilized trypsin retained 50 % of its initial activity, whereas free trypsin retained 19 % of its initial activity after 12-days at 4 °C. Immobilized trypsin sustained 56 % of its initial activity after eight times of successive reuse. The performance of the immobilized trypsin was evaluated by digestion of cytochrome c. The peptide fragments in digest solution were determined by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Immobilized trypsin showed effective proteolytic activity in shorter time (15 min) than free trypsin (24 h). Hence, immobilized trypsin on the polyvinyl alcohol coated magnetic nanoparticles could be promising biocatalyst for large-scale proteomics studies and practical applications.
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Yin F, Zhou H, Fang Y, Li C, He Y, Yu L, Wan H, Yang J. Astragaloside IV alleviates ischemia reperfusion-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of key factors in death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 248:112319. [PMID: 31639488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Apoptosis plays an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and triggers a series of pathological changes which may even be life-threatening. Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV), a natural compound extracted from Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge., Leguminosae, Huangqi in Chinese), showed neuroprotective effects in the study of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study we investigate the effects of AS-IV on apoptosis induced by transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats, as well as the associated regulatory factors. METHODS AS-IV was administrated to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion surgery (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, once per day, continued for 7 days after surgey). After seven days of continuous administration, neurological function, cerebral infarction volume, and pathological changes of brain tissue were detected. Fas, FasL, Caspase-8, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. Caspase-8, Bid, Cytochrome C (Cyto C), cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry was used to quantify Cyto C. RESULTS AS-IV significantly attenuated the neurological deficit in rats with ischemica-reperfusion injury, and reduced cerebral infarction and neuronal apoptosis. AS-IV inhibited the mRNA upregulation of Fas, FasL, Caspase-8, and Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, the protein level of apoptosis cytokines Caspase-8, Bid, cleaved Caspase-3 and Cyto C were also inhibited after ischemia reperfusion, suggesting that AS-IV might alleviate ischemia reperfusion-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of key factors in death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yuchen Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Khan SN, Khan S, Misba L, Sharief M, Hashmi A, Khan AU. Synergistic fungicidal activity with low doses of eugenol and amphotericin B against Candida albicans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:459-464. [PMID: 31443962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans frequently causes variety of superficial and invasive disseminated infections in HIV infected patients. Further, the emergence of non albicans species causing candidiasis predominantly in patients with advanced immune-suppression and drug resistance brings great apprehension. Hence, in this study we evaluate the capability of eugenol (EUG), a natural compound in combination with less toxic concentrations of amphotericin B (AmpB) for enhanced antifungal effects and reduced toxicity. Antifungal activity and time-kill assay were employed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines with minor modifications on clinical isolates of Candida albicans. To confirm the synergistic interaction of EUG and AmpB, checkerboard experiments were employed. Interestingly, EUG-Amp B combination shows many fold higher anti-candida activity compared to single component treatment. Furthermore, our results depicts reactive oxygen species (ROS) driven killing and mitochondrial hyperpolarisation on treatment. Our data also suggests inhibition of calcium channel by EUG and predicts longer retainment of AmpB. Pronounced cellular damage was observed with combination treatment than to EUG and AmpB alone. Our finding is helpful for the removal of toxic concentrations of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahper N Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Shakir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Lama Misba
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Muzammil Sharief
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Oyebode OT, Owumi SE, Oyelere AK, Olorunsogo OO. Calliandra portoricensis Benth exhibits anticancer effects via alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and growth arrest in prostate LNCaP cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 233:64-72. [PMID: 30580026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Apoptosis is downregulated in all forms of cancers. The mitochondrion has been implicated in the apoptotic process and, recently has been targeted in cancer therapy because of its role in cancer progression. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of cancer, in particular, Calliandra portoricensis (CP) in the management of prostate cancer in Nigeria ethnomedicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the effects of CP on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and cell proliferation using prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostatic LNCaP, DU-145, lung adenocarcinoma and healthy VERO cells were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Cytochrome C Release (CCR) and activation of caspases 3(C3) and 9 (C9) were determined by ELISA, while mitochondrial integrity was evaluated by Fluorescent Intensity Ratio (FIR). RESULTS Methanol Fraction of C. portoricensis (MFCP) inhibited proliferation of prostatic LNCaP, DU-145, lung adenocarcinoma and healthy VERO cells with IC50 values of 2.4 ± 0.2, 3.3 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.2 and 17.9 ± 1.6 µg/mL, respectively. The growth inhibition by MFCP correlated with a 3-fold decreased expression of Bcl-2 and a 4-fold increase in Bax levels at 10 µg/mL in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, MFCP caused a 3.5-fold reduction in FIR at 10 µg/mL and induced CCR by 4.2 folds at the same concentration relative to control. The MFCP-induced CCR is associated with activation of C3 and C9 at 10 µg/mL by 4.2 and 5.1 folds, respectively which prompted cancer cells to arrest at S phase. The LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols including gallic acid and afzelechin in MFCP. CONCLUSION Taken together, MFCP- induced cell death is mediated by alteration of mitochondrial integrity and cell cycle arrest. Hence, methanol fraction of C. portoricensis may be effective for cancer pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola T Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Olufunso O Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Ge S, He J, Ma C, Liu J, Xi F, Dong X. One-step synthesis of boron-doped graphene quantum dots for fluorescent sensors and biosensor. Talanta 2019; 199:581-589. [PMID: 30952301 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doping can endow graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with various new or improved structural, optical and physicochemical properties. In contrast to the widely reported oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur doping in GQDs, simple and scalable synthesis of boron-doped GQDs (B-GQDs) with high yield and quantum yields remains challenge. In this work, B-GQDs are one-step synthesized and serve as the fluorescence probes for the fabrication of sensors towards Fe3+ ion or phosphate (Pi) as well as biosensor towards cytochrome C (Cyt C). The B-GQDs are facile synthesized using one-step bottom-up molecular fusion between 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and borax in sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal process. The synthesis can be performed using large volume autoclave (500 ml) with a high yield of 71%, indicating possibility for gram-scale production of B-GQDs. The as-prepared B-GQDs exhibit single or bilayer graphene structure, high crystallinity, uniform size, bright (absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 16.8%) and excitation-independent green fluorescence (maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 480 nm and 520 nm, respectively). Successful doping of B atoms in the lattice of GQDs enables high selectivity towards Fe3+. Based on quenching of fluorescence of B-GQDs by Fe3+ (turn-off model), detection of Fe3+ (with limit of detection-LOD of 31.2 nM) and Fe3+-rich Cyt C (with LOD of 5.9 μg/ml) are demonstrated. As Pi can recover Fe3+-quenched fluorescence of B-GQDs (turn-off-on model), indirect fluorescent detection of Pi is also achieved with LOD of 340 nM. In addition, detection of Fe3+, Cyt C and Pi in real samples is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jingbo He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Chenxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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Sumathi T, Jacob S, Gopalakrishnan R. Methylmercury exposure develops atherosclerotic risk factors in the aorta and programmed cell death in the cerebellum: ameliorative action of Celastrus paniculatus ethanolic extract in male Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:30212-30223. [PMID: 30155631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulative global environmental contaminant present in fishes and seafood. MeHg is the methylated form of mercury emitted from diverse anthropogenic and natural sources. MeHg is accumulated in the aquatic environment and eventually reaches human system via food chain by biomagnification. We have reported previously that the neurotoxic effect of MeHg in rat cerebellum is mitigated by the administration of an ayurvedic medicinal plant, Celastrus paniculatus ethanolic extract. The present study has focussed to further explore the mechanism of action of Celastrus paniculatus against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebellum. We have also inspected the effect of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) against MeHg-induced atherosclerotic risk factors like alterations in antioxidant levels, aortic lipid profile, and aortic histology by MeHg in the largest vasculature, aorta, which are the initiating factors of cardiovascular diseases. Male Wistar rats were divided as (i) control, (ii) MeHg (5 mg/kg b.w.), (iii) MeHg + CP (200 mg/kg b.w.), and (iv) CP alone (200 mg/kg b.w.). All were given orally for 21 days. In cerebellum Celastrus paniculatus, there were increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (p < 0.05) activity, reduced cytochrome c release (p < 0.05), and caspase 3 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In the aorta, MeHg-induced oxidative stress, lipid profile changes, and endothelial denudation were ameliorated by Celastrus paniculatus. Hence, we conclude that Celastrus paniculatus protects against MeHg toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c/caspase 3 apoptotic pathway in the cerebellum and reducing the development of atherosclerotic risk factors in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangarajan Sumathi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India.
| | - Sherin Jacob
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India
| | - Rahul Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India
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Kumar A, Daitsh Y, Ben-Aderet L, Qiq O, Elayyan J, Batshon G, Reich E, Maatuf YH, Engel S, Dvir-Ginzberg M. A predicted unstructured C-terminal loop domain in SIRT1 is required for cathepsin B cleavage. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214973. [PMID: 30054388 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminus of SIRT1 can be cleaved by cathepsin B at amino acid H533 to generate a lower-functioning, N-terminally intact 75 kDa polypeptide (75SIRT1) that might be involved in age-related pathologies. However, the mechanisms underlying cathepsin B docking to and cleavage of SIRT1 are unclear. Here, we first identified several 75SIRT1 variants that are augmented with aging correlatively with increased cathepsin B levels in various mouse tissues, highlighting the possible role of this cleavage event in age-related pathologies. Then, based on H533 point mutation and structural modeling, we generated a functionally intact ΔSIRT1 mutant, lacking the internal amino acids 528-543 (a predicted C-terminus loop domain), which exhibits resistance to cathepsin B cleavage in vitro and in cell cultures. Finally, we showed that cells expressing ΔSIRT1 under pro-inflammatory stress are more likely to undergo caspase 9- dependent apoptosis than those expressing 75SIRT1. Thus, our data suggest that the 15-amino acid predicted loop motif embedded in the C-terminus of SIRT1 is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin B, leading to the formation of several N-terminally intact SIRT1 truncated variants in various aging mouse tissues.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Yutti Daitsh
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Louisa Ben-Aderet
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Omar Qiq
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Jinan Elayyan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - George Batshon
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Yonatan Harel Maatuf
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
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Emokpae MA, Chima HN. Effect of senescence on some apoptosis and oxidative stress markers in infertile normozospermic and oligospermic men: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018; 16:435-442. [PMID: 30234183 PMCID: PMC6129372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male senescence may affect testicular function, sperm indices and generation of high levels of oxidants and apoptosis. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effect of male age on the expression of some apoptosis and oxidative stress markers in seminal fluid of males investigated for infertility in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 122 men aged 20-60 yr who were investigated for infertility and were stratified according to age into four groups. Seminal plasma caspase 3, cytochrome C, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed by ELISA technique, while manual semen analysis was performed according to WHO standard. RESULTS Seminal caspase 3, and cytochrome C activity increased while TAC and sperm indices decreased with increasing age. Cytochrome C (r=0.288; p=0.002) and caspase 3 (r=0.250; p=0.05) correlated significantly with age in normospermia while cytochrome C (r=0.314; p=0.02), caspase 3 (r=0.268; p=0.05), TAC (r=-0.342; p=0.01) and morphology percentage (r=-0.414; p=0.002) correlated with age in oligospermic infertile males. CONCLUSION The measured apoptotic markers increased with increasing age while TAC and sperm indices decreased with increasing age of subjects evaluated. Although the levels of measured apoptosis and oxidative stress markers correlated with age in normozospermia, the effect on sperm indices was severe among oligospermia compare to normozospermia. Therefore, these markers may be assayed in aged men attending fertility clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Abiodun Emokpae
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Happy Ngozi Chima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
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Wang SY, Cui S, Li ZQ, Ji LH, Ma J, Liu HH, Zhang GY, Suo SH, Ge RL. [Study on apoptosis, cytochrome C and mitochondrial membrane potential in CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes in patients with chronic mountain sickness]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:514-8. [PMID: 29495220 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the changes of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocyte apoptosis, cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in bone marrow of chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Methods: 14 patients with CMS and 15 patients with simple old fracture were divided into CMS group and control group, respectively.Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were separated, marked with CD71 monoclonal antibody and stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI.Then the apoptotic index of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes was determined by flow cytometry.CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes were sorted out by magnetic column separation, and Cyt-C mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR, MMP was detected by JC-1 staining flow cytometry. Results: The apoptotic index of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes was (1.9±1.4)% in the CMS group, and was (3.2±1.5)% in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The expression of Cyt-C mRNA was (0.72±0.14) in the CMS group, and was (1.00±0.15) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The MMP was (5.0±2.2) in the CMS group, and was (3.3±0.9) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The apoptotic index of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes was negatively correlated with hemoglobin in CMS group (r=-0.569, P=0.034). But there was no significant correlation among apoptosis index, MMP and Cyt-C mRNA. Conclusions: The apoptosis index of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes decreased in CMS patients, which was negatively correlated with the level of hemoglobin, indicating that the decline of apoptosis index of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes may be related to the accumulation of red blood cells in CMS.The MMP increased and Cyt-C mRNA expression decreased in CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes of CMS patients, which suggests that the change of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis might be involved in the down-regulation of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes apoptosis in CMS patients.But there was no significant correlation among CD71(+) nucleated erythrocyte apoptosis index, MMP and Cyt-C mRNA levels, which indicates that the mechanism of CD71(+) nucleated erythrocytes apoptosis is complex in CMS.
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Zhou W, Yuan X, Zhang L, Su B, Tian D, Li Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Peng S. Overexpression of HO-1 assisted PM2.5-induced apoptosis failure and autophagy-related cell necrosis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 145:605-614. [PMID: 28802142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe smog/haze events accompanied by extremely high concentrations of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have emerged frequently in China and the potential health risks have attracted ever-growing attention. During these episodes, a surge in hospital visits for acute respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases exacerbation has been reported to be associated with acute exposure to high-levels of particulate matters. To investigate cell fate determination and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms during severe haze episodes or smog events, we exposed human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to PM2.5 (0-400μg/mL) for 24h and found that high doses of PM2.5 caused cell necrosis and autophagy dysfunction, while co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could partially reduce PM2.5-induced cell necrosis. Exposure to PM2.5 also increased the expression and mitochondrial transposition of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which consequently reduced the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol. Knockdown of HO-1 by siRNA attenuated the mitochondrial accumulation of HO-1, reversed HO-1-induced the reduction of cytochrome C release and promoted PM2.5-induced cell apoptosis. In contrast to necrosis, PM2.5-induced autophagy was independent of HO-1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that acute exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations causes autophagy-related cell necrosis. The decrease in cytochrome C release and apoptosis by upregulation of HO-1 maybe assist PM2.5-induced autophagy-related cell necrosis. Further, this study reveals dual roles for HO-1 in PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and presents a possible explanation for the onset of acute respiratory symptoms under extreme particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Baoting Su
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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Jamshidi Moghadam S, Azadbakh A. Helix structure of the double-stranded DNA for aptameric biosensing and imaging of cytochrome c. Anal Biochem 2017; 540-541:20-29. [PMID: 29074397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, a method is introduced for construction the aptameric biosensor for biosensing detection of cytochrome C (CYC) based on chain-shape structure of aptasensor by using highly dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on acid-oxidized carbon nanotube (CNTs) substrate. The animated capture probe (ssDNA1) and CYC-aptamer (ssDNA2) was immobilized on AgNPs/CNTs surface by covalent amide bonds formed by the carboxyl groups on the nanotubes and the amino groups on the oligonucleotides and hybridization, respectively. In this protocol, the nucleic acids at both ends of the ssDNA1 were sequenced to be complementary (tailor-made ssDNA1). The helix structure of the double-stranded DNA was fabricated by hybridizing ssDNA2 with its complementary sequence (ssDNA1). CYC-aptamer could be forced to dissociate from the sensing interface after CYC triggered structure switching of the aptamer and ssDNA1 thus tend to form a chain-shape structure through the hybridization of the complementary sequences at both its ends. The proposed assay permitted to detect CYC in the linear range of 0.01-750 nM with a very low limit of detection (LOD) (1.66 pM). In addition, the specificity of this sensing system for the detection of CYC was also demonstrated by using albumin, fructose, myoglobin, and hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Azadbakh
- Department of Chemistry, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Cui G, Li Y, Ding K, Hao S, Wang J, Zhang Z. Attribution of Bax and mitochondrial permeability transition pore on cantharidin-induced apoptosis of Sf9 cells. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 142:91-101. [PMID: 29107253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the insecticidal mechanism of cantharidin, a promising biological pesticide substance from blister beetle, on Sf9 cells, a cultured cell line derived from fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, we preliminary studied the attribution of Bax channel and mitochondrial permeability transition pore on cantharidin-induced mitochondrial apoptosis signal pathway. Changes in cell morphology, activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, release of cytochrome C and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected when the two channels were blocked by specific inhibitors, Bax channel blocker and cyclosporin A. Results showed that cantharidin-induced apoptotic features, including changes in the cell morphology, release of cytochrome C and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential could be significantly inhibited by Bax channel blocker, while cyclosporin A accelerated the downward trend of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity and caused a decrease of Ca2+ in mitochondria. In summary, Bax might be necessary but not exclusively for the apoptosis induced by cantharidin and the attribution of these channels seems to be more complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Cui
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuansheng Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Ding
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shaodong Hao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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Nagakannan P, Eftekharpour E. Differential redox sensitivity of cathepsin B and L holds the key to autophagy-apoptosis interplay after Thioredoxin reductase inhibition in nutritionally stressed SH-SY5Y cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:819-831. [PMID: 28478025 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for induction of protective autophagy, however unexpected rise in cellular ROS levels overpowers the cellular defense and therefore promotes the programmed apoptotic cell death. We recently reported that inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in starving SH-SY5Y cells interrupted autophagy flux by induction of lysosomal deficiency and promoted apoptosis. (Free Radic Biol Med. 2016: 101:53-70). Here, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms during autophagy-apoptosis interplay, and focused on regulation of cathepsin B (CTSB) and L (CTSL), the pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagy cathepsins respectively. Inhibition of TrxR by Auranofin, caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) that was associated with a significant upregulation of CTSB activity, despite no significant changes in CTSB protein level. Conversely, a significant rise in CTSL protein levels was observed without any apparent change in CTSL activity. Using thiol-trapping techniques to examine the differential sensitivity of cathepsins to oxidative stress, we discovered that Auranofin-mediated oxidative stress interferes with CTSL processing and thereby interrupts its pro-autophagy function. No evidence of CTSB susceptibility to oxidative stress was observed. Our data suggest that cellular fate in these conditions is mediated by two concurrent systems: while oxidative stress prevents the protective autophagy by inhibition of CTSL processing, concomitantly, apoptosis is induced by increasing lysosomal membrane permeability and leakage of CTSB into cytoplasm. Inhibition of CTSB in these conditions inhibited apoptosis and increased cell viability. To our knowledge this is the first report uncovering the impact of redox environment on autophagy-apoptosis interplay in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandian Nagakannan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Wang W, Li X, Han XZ, Meng FB, Wang ZX, Zhai YQ, Zhou DS. Transglutaminase-2 is Involved in Cell Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cell Line U2OS Under Hypoxia Condition. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 72:283-8. [PMID: 25561282 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of solid bone cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Hypoxia is an ordinary phenomenon in solid tumor tissues and can induce cell apoptosis but the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effect and the molecular mechanism of Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) on cell apoptosis in osteosarcoma U2OS cells under hypoxia. We found the enzymatic activity of TG2 is significantly increased and the expression of TG2 is remarkably up-regulated under hypoxia condition. Cell apoptotic rate is markedly increased upon knockdown of TG2 by siRNA under hypoxia. We further investigated the mechanism of cell apoptosis and found Bax protein is significantly increased after depletion of TG2 under hypoxia. Moreover, our data also show that cytochrome C (Cyt C) is significantly increased in cytoplasm and markedly decreased in mitochondria of U2OS cells after depletion of TG2 under hypoxia. Our results suggest that TG2 can inhibit tumor cell apoptosis through down-regulation of Bax and prevention of release Cyt C from mitochondria into cytoplasm.
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Mohamed F, Endre ZH, Pickering JW, Jayamanne S, Palangasinghe C, Shahmy S, Chathuranga U, Wijerathna T, Shihana F, Gawarammana I, Buckley NA. Mechanism-specific injury biomarkers predict nephrotoxicity early following glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GPSH) poisoning. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:1-10. [PMID: 27288352 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GPSH) self-poisoning. Serum creatinine (sCr) is the most widely used renal biomarker for diagnosis of AKI although a recent study in rats suggested that urinary kidney injury molecule-1 predicted AKI earlier and better after GPSH-induced nephrotoxicity. We explored the utility of a panel of biomarkers to diagnose GPSH-induced nephrotoxicity in humans. In a prospective multi-centre observational study, serial urine and blood samples were collected until discharge and at follow-up. The diagnostic performance of each biomarker at various time points was assessed. AKI was diagnosed using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) definitions. The added value of each biomarker to sCr to diagnose AKI was assessed by the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) metric. Of 90 symptomatic patients, 51% developed AKI and 5 patients who developed AKIN≥2 died. Increased sCr at 8 and 16h predicted moderate to severe AKI and death. None of the 10 urinary biomarkers tested increased above normal range in patients who did not develop AKI or had mild AKI (AKIN1); most of these patients also had only minor clinical toxicity. Absolute concentrations of serum and urinary cystatin C, urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18), Cytochrome C (CytoC) and NGAL increased many fold within 8h in patients who developed AKIN≥2. Maximum 8 and 16h concentrations of these biomarkers showed an excellent diagnostic performance (AUC-ROC ≥0.8) to diagnose AKIN≥2. However, of these biomarkers only uCytoC added value to sCr to diagnose AKI when assessed by IDI metrics. GPSH-induced nephrotoxicity can be diagnosed within 24h by sCr. Increases in uCytoC and uIL-18 confirm GPSH-induces apoptosis and causes mitochondrial toxicity. Use of these biomarkers may help to identify mechanism specific targeted therapies for GPSH nephrotoxicity in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Mohamed
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Nephrology, Prince Of Wales Hospital and Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; TACT Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, SOMS, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Zoltan H Endre
- Department of Nephrology, Prince Of Wales Hospital and Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John W Pickering
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shaluka Jayamanne
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Chathura Palangasinghe
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Seyed Shahmy
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Umesh Chathuranga
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Wijerathna
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Fathima Shihana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Indika Gawarammana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; TACT Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, SOMS, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Akıllıoğlu HG, Çelikbıçak Ö, Salih B, Gökmen V. Monitoring protein glycation by electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. Food Chem 2016; 217:65-73. [PMID: 27664609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to investigate protein glycation. The glycated species of cytochrome C, lysozyme, and β-casein formed during glycation with d-glucose were identified and monitored in binary systems heated at 70°C under dry and aqueous conditions. Cytochrome C had multiple charges in non-glycated state, primarily changing from +13 to +17 positive charges, whereas β-casein had charge states up to +30. Upon heating with glucose at 70°C in aqueous state, attachment of one glucose molecule onto proteins was observed in each charge state. However, heating in dry state caused much more glucose attachment, leading to the formation of multiple glycoforms of proteins. By using ESI-QTOF-MS technique, formation of glycated cytochrome C containing up to 12 glucose moieties were observed, while glycated species containing 6 and 8 glucose moieties were observed for lysozyme and β-casein, respectively in various heating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gül Akıllıoğlu
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömür Çelikbıçak
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey.
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Zhuang Z, Lian P, Wu X, Shi B, Zhuang M, Zhou R, Zhao R, Zhao Z, Guo S, Ji Z, Xu K. Abate Cytochrome C induced apoptosome to protect donor liver against ischemia reperfusion injury on rat liver transplantation model. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1738-1747. [PMID: 27186297 PMCID: PMC4859902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study is to protect donor liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury by abating Cytochrome C induced apoptosome on rat model. METHODS A total of 25 clean SD inbred male rats were used in this research. The rats in ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group, n=5) were under liver transplantation operation; rats in dichloroacetate diisopropylamine group (DADA group, n=5) were treated DADA before liver transplantation; control group (Ctrl group, n=5); other 10 rats were used to offer donor livers. RESULTS In DADA therapy group, Cytochrome C expression in donor hepatocellular cytoplasm was detected lower than that in I/R group. And the Cytochrome C induced apoptosome was also decreased in according to the lower expressions of Apaf-1 and Caspase3. Low level of cleaved PARP expression revealed less apoptosis in liver tissue. The morphology of donor liver mitochondria in DADA group was observed to be slightly edema but less than I/R group after operation 12 h. The liver function indexes of ALT and AST in serum were tested, and the results in DADA group showed it is significantly lower than I/R group after operation 12 h. The inflammation indexes of IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in DADA group were significantly lower than that in I/R group after operation 24 h. CONCLUSION The dichloroacetate diisopropylamine treatment could protect the hepatocellular mitochondria in case of the spillage of Cytochrome C induced apoptosome, and protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, it may be a method to promote the recovery of donor liver function after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 102218, China
| | - Peilong Lian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second HospitalHuai’an 223002, P.R. China
| | - Baoxu Shi
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of RizhaolanshanRizhao 276800, China
| | - Maoyou Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Rizhao First People HospitalRizhao 276800, China
| | - Ruiling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Lab, Rizhao First People HospitalRizhao 276800, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Zhipeng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, China
| | - Kesen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
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Kong GM, Tao WH, Diao YL, Fang PH, Wang JJ, Bo P, Qian F. Melittin induces human gastric cancer cell apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3186-3195. [PMID: 27003995 PMCID: PMC4789993 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the apoptotic effects of melittin on SGC-7901 cells via activation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway in vitro.
METHODS: SGC-7901 cells were stimulated by melittin, and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, morphologic structure with transmission electron microscopy, annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining assay, measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, and analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytochrome C (Cyt C), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (Endo G), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/direct IAP binding protein with low isoelectric point (Diablo), and FAS were analyzed by western blot. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was measured using activity assay kits.
RESULTS: Melittin was incubated at 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 μg/mL for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h and showed a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of SGC-7901 cell growth. Melittin induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by typical morphological changes. Treatment with 4 μg/mL melittin induced early apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, and the early apoptosis rates were 39.97% ± 3.19%, 59.27% ± 3.94%, and 71.50% ± 2.87% vs 32.63% ± 2.75% for 1, 2, and 4 h vs 0 h (n = 3, P < 0.05); the ROS levels were 616.53% ± 79.78%, 974.81% ± 102.40%, and 1330.94% ± 93.09% vs 603.74% ± 71.99% (n = 3, P < 0.05); the MMP values were 2.07 ± 0.05, 1.78 ± 0.29, and 1.16 ± 0.25 vs 2.55 ± 0.42 (n = 3, P < 0.05); caspase-3 activity was significantly higher compared to the control (5492.3 ± 321.1, 6562.0 ± 381.3, and 8695.7 ± 449.1 vs 2330.0 ± 121.9), but the caspase activity of the non-tumor cell line L-O2 was not different from that of the control. With the addition of the caspase-3 inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO), caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased compared to the control group (1067.0 ± 132.5 U/g vs 8695.7 ± 449.1 U/g). The expression of the Cyt C, Endo G, and AIF proteins in SGC-7901 cells was significantly higher than those in the control (P < 0.05), while the expression of the Smac/Diablo protein was significantly lower than the control group after melittin exposure (P < 0.01). Ac-DEVD-CHO did not, however, have any effect on the expression of caspase-8 and FAS in the SGC-7901 cells.
CONCLUSION: Melittin can induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer (GC) cells through the mitochondria pathways, and it may be a potent agent in the treatment of human GC.
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Liu J, Zhang QY, Yu LM, Liu B, Li MY, Zhu RZ. Phycocyanobilin accelerates liver regeneration and reduces mortality rate in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5465-5472. [PMID: 25987768 PMCID: PMC4427667 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of phycocyanobilin (PCB) in reducing hepatic injury and accelerating hepatocyte proliferation following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment.
METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were orally administered PCB 100 mg/kg for 4 d after CCl4 injection, and then the serum and liver tissue of the mice were collected at days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 after CCl4 treatment. A series of evaluations were performed to identify the curative effects on liver injury and recovery. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to indirectly assess the anti-inflammatory effects of PCB. Meanwhile, we detected the expressions of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), the factors which are associated with inflammation and liver regeneration. The protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), TNF-α and cytochrome C were detected by western blot. Furthermore, the survival rates were analyzed of mice which were administered a lethal dose of CCl4 (2.6 mg/kg) with or without PCB.
RESULTS: In our research, PCB showed a strongly anti-inflammatory effect on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. The ALT was significantly decreased after CCl4 treatment from day 1 (P < 0.01) and the AST was significantly decreased from day 2 (P < 0.001). Both albumin and liver SOD were increased from day 2 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01), but serum SOD levels did not show a significant increase (P > 0.05). PCB protected the structure of liver from the injury by CCl4. TUNEL assay showed that PCB dramatically reduced the number of apoptotic cells after CCl4 treatment compared to the control (101.0 ± 25.4 vs 25.7 ± 6.4, P < 0.01). The result of western blotting showed that PCB could increase PCNA expression, decrease TNF-α and cytochrome C expression. Furthermore, data shows that PCB could improve the survival rate of acute liver failure (ALF) mice which were injected with a lethal dose of CCl4 (60.0% vs 20.0%).
CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that PCB could be an ideal candidate for reversing acute liver injury or ALF.
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Malekinejad H, Alizadeh-Tabrizi N, Ostadi A, Fink-Gremmels J. The role of sera from equine grass sickness on apoptosis induction in PC12 Tet-off p53 cell line. Vet Res Forum 2015; 6:9-15. [PMID: 25992246 PMCID: PMC4405680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of equine grass sickness (EGS) has not fully understood. A better understanding of the exact pathogenesis of diseases can help to make an accurate diagnosis. Previous studies reported some pathological damage of neuronal cells in EGS patients. In this study, primarily cytotoxicity of serum from three clinically EGS-diagnosed horses on PC12 Tet-off (PTO) cells was assessed. Subsequently, the apoptotic tests including cytochrome C release, caspase-3/7 activity measurement and DNA fragmentation assay were conducted to clarify the apoptotic effect of serum from EGS patients. Addition of serum from EGS patients at concentrations higher than 25% on PTO cells resulted in a significant cytotoxicity in Alamar blue reduction assay compared with serum from healthy horses. All three apoptotic endpoints showed that the serum from EGS patients does have capability to induce apoptosis. A remarkable up regulation of cytochrome C release accompanied with concentration- and time-dependent augmentation in caspase-3/7 activity and ultimately DNA fragmentation were observed. Our data suggest that serum from EGS patients might have potentially neurotoxic compounds, which exerts cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on neuronal cells. Moreover, the EGS serum-induced apoptosis attributes to augmentation of cytochrome C release and caspase-3/7 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; ,Department for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Correspondence: Hassan Malekinejad. DVM, PhD, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nazli Alizadeh-Tabrizi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Araz Ostadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Department for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Seo HJ, Choi SJ, Lee JH. Paraquat Induces Apoptosis through Cytochrome C Release and ERK Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:503-9. [PMID: 25489417 PMCID: PMC4256029 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat has been suggested to induce apoptosis by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little is known about the mechanism of paraquat-induced apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) is required for paraquat-induced apoptosis in NIH3T3 cells. Paraquat treatment resulted in activation of ERK, and U0126, inhibitors of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, prevented apoptosis. Moreover, paraquat-induced apoptosis was associated with cytochrome C release, which could be prevented by treatment with the MEK inhibitors. Taken together, our findings suggest that ERK activation plays an active role in mediating paraquat-induced apoptosis of NIH3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Joo Seo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Zhao HX, Yang XH, Li CP, Chen X. Small intestinal smooth muscle cell apoptosis in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4231-4236. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i28.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether small intestinal smooth muscle cell apoptosis occurs in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (SO) and an SAP group. SAP was induced by injecting 3.8% sodium taurocholate solution into the subcapsular region of the pancreas of SD rats. Rats in the SO group were injected with 1 mL/kg normal saline. Forty-eight hours later, pancreatic pathological changes and the transit rate of the small bowel were determined. Cell apoptosis, expression of adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) mRNA, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) protein expression in the small intestinal smooth muscle were determined by TUNEL method, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
RESULTS: Compared with rats in the SO group, rats in the SAP group developed typical SAP symptoms, with a higher pancreatic pathology score (6.85 ± 1.21 vs 1.13 ± 0.91, P < 0.001). Compared with rats in the SO group, the transit rate of the small intestine was significantly lower (55.91% ± 2.93% vs 68.9% ± 5.69%, P < 0.05), the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in the small intestine increased significantly (0.056 ± 0.184 vs 0.029 ± 0.038, P < 0.05), the expression of ANT mRNA and Cyt-C protein (0.024 ± 0.001 vs 0.057 ± 0.168, P < 0.001) in the smooth muscle of the small intestine increased significantly, and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly (5.07 ± 0.92 vs 2.40 ± 0.50, P < 0.05) in the SAP group.
CONCLUSION: The mitochondrial signal transduction pathway contributes to smooth muscle cell apoptosis in the small intestine, which may play a role in small intestinal motility dysfunction in SAP rats.
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Waza AA, Andrabi K, Hussain MU. Protein kinase C (PKC) mediated interaction between conexin43 (Cx43) and K(+)(ATP) channel subunit (Kir6.1) in cardiomyocyte mitochondria: Implications in cytoprotection against hypoxia induced cell apoptosis. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1909-17. [PMID: 24815185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH We have recently shown that adenosine-triphosphate-sensitive potassium [K(+)(ATP)] channel protein subunit, Kir6.1 is a phosphospecific interaction partner of the gap-junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Since, both Cx43 and K(+)(ATP) are known to be involved in cell survival during hypoxia, we addressed the question, whether the interaction between Cx43 and K(+)(ATP) has a role in protecting cell against hypoxia-induced cell death. PRINCIPLE RESULTS We report here that the Kir6.1 protein interacts, in a phosphospecific manner with Cx43 in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytic cell line H9C2. The hypoxia for 12-h resulted in the appreciable increase in the phosphorylation at the serine 262 (S262) of the Cx43 with the concomitant increase in the Cx43 and Kir6.1 interaction. Moreover, the increased interaction was mediated by a signaling pathway involving PKC and more specifically by PKC epsilon. Functional implications of the association between the Cx43 and Kir6.1 were found to prevent mitochondria mediated hypoxia induced cell apoptosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PKC epsilon regulates the interaction between Cx43 and Kir6.1 in the cardiomyocyte mitochondria and this interaction prevents hypoxia induced cell death. Our results provide an interesting lead in developing effective strategies to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/ischemia induced cell death.
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Walder G, Getoff N. Effect of cytochrome C and vitamin C on the survival of MCF-7 cancer cells under γ-ray treatment. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:1343-1346. [PMID: 24596381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the radiation-induced effect of cytochrome c (CytC) and vitamin C (VitC) is studied with respect to survival of MCF-7 cancer cells grown in aerated media. Both, CytC and VitC, were incubated with MCF-7 cancer cells under various concentrations individually, as well as in mixture and cells were subsequently treated with γ-ray in a dose range of 0 to 30 Gy. Generally, an increase of cell survival was observed under substance treatment up to a radiation dose of 5 Gy compared to the control group. Based on the obtained results it is believed that cell survival depends strongly on the action of free radicals produced at the given concentration of the incubated CytC and VitC as well as on the specific reaction rate constants (k: l mol(-1) s(-1)) of the involved processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Walder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Science, Section of Radiation Biology, Althanstr.14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Dos Santos Pereira RT, Porto CS, Abdalla FMF. Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol replacement play a role on the expression of Endonuclease-G and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein in hippocampus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:227-233. [PMID: 24121025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different periods of ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement on the expression of Cytochrome C, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease-G (Endo-G) in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions obtained from hippocampus of the adult female rats. In addition, the expression of phosphorylated CREB (phospho-CREB) was also analyzed in hippocampus. Ovariectomy or E2 treatment did not change the expression of Cytochrome C and AIF. Ovariectomy (15, 21 and 36 days) decreased the expression of Endo-G in the mitochondrial fractions and increased it in the cytosolic fractions obtained from hippocampus. The treatment with E2 after 15 days of ovariectomy for 7 days or 21 days, and throughout the post-ovariectomy period prevented the effects of ovariectomy on Endo-G expression. Our results suggest that ovariectomy-induced apoptotic cell death in hippocampal tissue could be mediated by Endo-G, but not by AIF, via a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, ovariectomy decreased the expression of phospho-CREB and the treatment with E2 prevented these effects. In conclusion, E2 may help maintain long-term neuronal viability by regulating the expression of members of the Bcl-2 family. Regulation of Endo-G released from mitochondria, but not of Cytochrome C and AIF, is also involved in the neuroprotective actions of E2. Furthermore, CREB may be involved in the expression of Bcl-2. These data provide new understanding into the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective role of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catarina Segreti Porto
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Malekinejad H, Moradi M, Fink-Gremmels J. Cytochrome C and Caspase-3/7 are Involved in Mycophenolic Acid- Induced Apoptosis in Genetically Engineered PC12 Neuronal Cells Expressing the p53 gene. Iran J Pharm Res 2014; 13:191-8. [PMID: 24734071 PMCID: PMC3985263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil. This study designed to investigate the mechanism of cytotoxicity of MPA on the genetically engineered PC12 Tet Off (PTO) neuronal cells with p53 gene. Alamar Blue (AB) reduction showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of MPA on PTO cells with IC50 value of 32.32 ± 4.61 μM. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation following exposing the cells to MPA showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the ROS production and in a concentration-dependent fashion. Involvement of Caspase 3/7 proteases and Cytochrome C release in the induction of DNA fragmentation are all hallmarks of MPA-induced apoptosis in PTO cells. Our data suggest that MPA exerts an apoptotic effect on PTO cells. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of MPA attribute to the elevation of ROS generation by which might trigger the cytochrome C release and the activation of Caspase 3/7 that ultimately results in DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. ,Corresponding author:
E-mail:
| | - Masumeh Moradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Department of Veterinary, Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands .
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Módis K, Panopoulos P, Coletta C, Papapetropoulos A, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide-mediated stimulation of mitochondrial electron transport involves inhibition of the mitochondrial phosphodiesterase 2A, elevation of cAMP and activation of protein kinase A. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1311-9. [PMID: 24012591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is generally known as a mitochondrial poison, recent studies show that lower concentrations of H₂S play a physiological role in the stimulation of mitochondrial electron transport and cellular bioenergetics. This effect involves electron donation at Complex II. Other lines of recent studies demonstrated that one of the biological actions of H₂S involves inhibition of cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Given the emerging functional role of the mitochondrial isoform of cAMP PDE (PDE2A) in the regulation of mitochondrial function the current study investigated whether cAMP-dependent mechanisms participate in the stimulatory effect of NaHS on mitochondrial function. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, partial digestion studies localized PDE2A into the mitochondrial matrix. NaHS exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on recombinant PDE2A enzyme in vitro. Moreover, NaHS induced an elevation of cAMP levels when added to isolated mitochondria and stimulated the mitochondrial electron transport. The latter effect was inhibited by Rp-cAMP, an inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The current findings suggest that the direct electron donating effect of NaHS is amplified by an intramitochondrial cAMP system, which may involve the inhibition of PDE2A and subsequent, cAMP-mediated stimulation of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Módis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children, 601 Harborside Drive, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Pablo KAV, Ochrietor JD. Deletion of the Basigin gene results in reduced mitochondria in the neural retina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:546-50. [PMID: 23906756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Basigin-null mice are characterized as blind from the time of eye opening, with degeneration of the retina beginning at 8weeks of age, and progressing until the entire photoreceptor cell layer is destroyed. It is likely that a metabolic deficiency underlies the blindness and degeneration phenotypes, as it has been determined that Basigin-null mice do not express the transporter protein monocarboxylate transporter one on the membrane of photoreceptor cells and inner segments, nor Müller cells of the neural retina, as is observed in normal mice. The purpose of the present study was to assess the health of mitochondria in normal and Basigin-null mice, specifically to determine if mitochondria within the Basigin-null mouse neural retina are metabolically active. This was achieved via a measurement of cytochrome C concentration and the expression of autophagy-specific proteins via ELISA analyses. Additionally, Mitotracker dyes were used to assess the number and relative activity of mitochondria. It was determined that cytochrome C concentrations and expression of autophagy-specific proteins were not increased in Basigin-null animals, as compared to control animals. Also, while Basigin-null mice do have metabolically active mitochondria, the amount of mitochondria was greatly reduced, when compared to control animals. The results suggest that a reduction in mitochondria is a result, rather than the cause, of the metabolic deficiency observed in Basigin-null mice, and likely occurs because of reduced metabolic activity in the absence of MCT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Anne V Pablo
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
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