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Yue L, Yu M, Li X, Shen Y, Wu Y, Fa C, Li N, Xu J. Wide Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Solvation Chemistry and Interfacial Reactions. Small Methods 2024:e2400183. [PMID: 38647122 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Improving the wide-temperature operation of rechargeable batteries is crucial for boosting the adoption of electric vehicles and further advancing their application scope in harsh environments like deep ocean and space probes. Herein, recent advances in electrolyte solvation chemistry are critically summarized, aiming to address the long-standing challenge of notable energy diminution at sub-zero temperatures and rapid capacity degradation at elevated temperatures (>45°C). This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamental mechanisms governing the Li-ion transport process, illustrating how these insights have been effectively harnessed to synergize with high-capacity, high-rate electrodes. Another critical part highlights the interplay between solvation chemistry and interfacial reactions, as well as the stability of the resultant interphases, particularly in batteries employing ultrahigh-nickel layered oxides as cathodes and high-capacity Li/Si materials as anodes. The detailed examination reveals how these factors are pivotal in mitigating the rapid capacity fade, thereby ensuring a long cycle life, superior rate capability, and consistent high-/low-temperature performance. In the latter part, a comprehensive summary of in situ/operational analysis is presented. This holistic approach, encompassing innovative electrolyte design, interphase regulation, and advanced characterization, offers a comprehensive roadmap for advancing battery technology in extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Yue
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Manqing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yinlin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yingru Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chang Fa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jijian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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2
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Guo L, Zhou J, Liu F, Meng X, Ma Y, Hao F, Xiong Y, Fan Z. Electronic Structure Design of Transition Metal-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9823-9851. [PMID: 38546130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
With the increasingly serious greenhouse effect, the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) has garnered widespread attention as it is capable of leveraging renewable energy to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels. However, the performance of CO2RR can hardly meet expectations because of the diverse intermediates and complicated reaction processes, necessitating the exploitation of highly efficient catalysts. In recent years, with advanced characterization technologies and theoretical simulations, the exploration of catalytic mechanisms has gradually deepened into the electronic structure of catalysts and their interactions with intermediates, which serve as a bridge to facilitate the deeper comprehension of structure-performance relationships. Transition metal-based catalysts (TMCs), extensively applied in electrochemical CO2RR, demonstrate substantial potential for further electronic structure modulation, given their abundance of d electrons. Herein, we discuss the representative feasible strategies to modulate the electronic structure of catalysts, including doping, vacancy, alloying, heterostructure, strain, and phase engineering. These approaches profoundly alter the inherent properties of TMCs and their interaction with intermediates, thereby greatly affecting the reaction rate and pathway of CO2RR. It is believed that the rational electronic structure design and modulation can fundamentally provide viable directions and strategies for the development of advanced catalysts toward efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2 and many other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yangbo Ma
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Fengkun Hao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuecheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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3
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Sun T, Shrestha E, Hamburg SP, Kupers R, Ocko IB. Climate Impacts of Hydrogen and Methane Emissions Can Considerably Reduce the Climate Benefits across Key Hydrogen Use Cases and Time Scales. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5299-5309. [PMID: 38380838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Recent investments in "clean" hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels are driven by anticipated climate benefits. However, most climate benefit calculations do not adequately account for all climate warming emissions and impacts over time. This study reanalyzes a previously published life cycle assessment as an illustrative example to show how the climate impacts of hydrogen deployment can be far greater than expected when including the warming effects of hydrogen emissions, observed methane emission intensities, and near-term time scales; this reduces the perceived climate benefits upon replacement of fossil fuel technologies. For example, for blue (natural gas with carbon capture) hydrogen pathways, the inclusion of upper-end hydrogen and methane emissions can yield an increase in warming in the near term by up to 50%, whereas lower-end emissions decrease warming impacts by at least 70%. For green (renewable-based electrolysis) hydrogen pathways, upper-end hydrogen emissions can reduce climate benefits in the near term by up to 25%. We also consider renewable electricity availability for green hydrogen and show that if it is not additional to what is needed to decarbonize the electric grid, there may be more warming than that seen with fossil fuel alternatives over all time scales. Assessments of hydrogen's climate impacts should include the aforementioned factors if hydrogen is to be an effective decarbonization tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Sun
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Eriko Shrestha
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Steven P Hamburg
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Roland Kupers
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ilissa B Ocko
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York 10010, United States
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Ukoba MO, Diemuodeke EO, Briggs TA, Ojapah MM, Okedu KE, Owebor K, Akhtar K, Ilhami C. Multicriteria GIS-based assessment of biomass energy potentials in Nigeria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1329878. [PMID: 38572357 PMCID: PMC10988974 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1329878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the geographical variability of biomass energy is an essential requirement for the optimal location of biomass energy conversion plants. This research presents a multicriteria GIS-based assessment of biomass energy potentials and the appropriate siting of biomass plants in Nigeria. The study applies the weighted overlay multicriteria decision analysis method. Crop and forest areas, settlement (energy supply areas), shrub/grasslands, barren land, water bodies, distance from water sources, road accessibility, topography, and aspect are the criteria that were considered for locating a biomass facility in this study. The results suggest that the theoretical, technical, and economical energy potentials of crop residues are highest in the North-East region of Nigeria and estimated at 1,163.32, 399.73, and 110.56 PJ/yr, respectively, and lowest in the South-East at 52.36, 17.99, and 4.98 PJ/yr, respectively. The theoretical, technical, and economical energy potentials of forest residues are highest in the North-West, estimated at 260.18, 156.11, and 43.18 PJ/yr, respectively, and lowest in the South-East at 1.79, 1.08, and 0.30 PJ/yr, respectively. Although most areas were identified to be suitable for siting biomass plants across Nigeria, the most suitable areas are located in the northern part of the country and include Niger, Zamfara, the Federal Capital Territory, Nassarawa, Kano, Kebbi, Kaduna, and Borno State. The study supports the Nigerian bio-energy policy that proposes to effectively utilize Nigeria's non-fuelwood as a substitute for the felling of trees. This is very important to strengthen its commitment at the COP26 International Climate Conference, which is to conserve and restore its forest. Furthermore, this study will serve as a good reference for policymakers to make well-informed decisions on tackling the energy insecurity in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. O. Ukoba
- Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - E. O. Diemuodeke
- Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - T. A. Briggs
- Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - M. M. Ojapah
- Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - K. E. Okedu
- Smart Energy Research Unit, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - K. Owebor
- Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta, Nigeria
| | - K. Akhtar
- Smart Energy Research Unit, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C. Ilhami
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Escudero-Curiel S, Giráldez A, Pazos M, Sanromán Á. From Waste to Resource: Valorization of Lignocellulosic Agri-Food Residues through Engineered Hydrochar and Biochar for Environmental and Clean Energy Applications-A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 12:3646. [PMID: 37835298 PMCID: PMC10572264 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Agri-food residues or by-products have increased their contribution to the global tally of unsustainably generated waste. These residues, characterized by their inherent physicochemical properties and rich in lignocellulosic composition, are progressively being recognized as valuable products that align with the principles of zero waste and circular economy advocated for by different government entities. Consequently, they are utilized as raw materials in other industrial sectors, such as the notable case of environmental remediation. This review highlights the substantial potential of thermochemical valorized agri-food residues, transformed into biochar and hydrochar, as versatile adsorbents in wastewater treatment and as promising alternatives in various environmental and energy-related applications. These materials, with their enhanced properties achieved through tailored engineering techniques, offer competent solutions with cost-effective and satisfactory results in applications in various environmental contexts such as removing pollutants from wastewater or green energy generation. This sustainable approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also paves the way for a more eco-friendly and resource-efficient future, making it an exciting prospect for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ángeles Sanromán
- CINTECX, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (S.E.-C.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
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6
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Huang HJ, Sun RH, Li JL, Xiang JY. Carbon neutral contribution and regional differences of clean energy based on life cycle assessment. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1450-1458. [PMID: 37694405 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing clean energy is an important strategy to achieve global carbon neutrality. In the entire life cycle industrial chain of clean energy systems, fossil energy was directly or indirectly consumed during the processes from raw material production to waste disposal stages. The energy consumed by clean energy construction differed across regions, resulting in various carbon neutrality contributions of clean energy in different regions. We used bibliometrics to sort out the energy consumption of clean energy construction in different regions, including photovoltaic power generation, wind power, hydropower, and other clean energy sources. By combining the loss of land to decrease carbon pool during the operation of clean energy, we analyzed the current research hotspots, development status and trends, and difference in carbon emissions, and summarized the carbon neutral contributions of different regions. The intensity of clean energy carbon emission in China was significantly lower than global mean value. The average intensity of carbon emission in China in the four fields of onshore wind power, offshore wind power, hydropower, and photovoltaic power was 28.8%, 18.2%, 10.1%, and 16.7% lower than global average, respectively. For further research on carbon neutrality of clean energy, it is important to establish a unified life cycle assessment system, put forward construction strategies according to geographical differences, carry out ecological benefit evaluation for clean energy, and establish a clean energy transmission network system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran-Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Yong Xiang
- Economic and Technology Research Institute, Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization, Beijing 100031, China
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7
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Mitrašinović AM, Radosavljević M. Photovoltaic Materials and Their Path toward Cleaner Energy. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200146. [PMID: 36778780 PMCID: PMC9900721 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic silicon converts sunlight in 95% of the operational commercial solar cells and has the potential to become a leading material in harvesting energy from renewable sources, but silicon can hardly convert clean energy due to technologies required for its reduction from sand and further purification. The implementation of the novel materials into photovoltaic systems depends on their conversion efficiency limited by the material's inherent properties, longevity dependent on internal stability, and ease of manufacturing process. A major challenge is discovering a multilayered set of different photovoltaic materials capable of converting clean energy from a wider spectra range since emerging materials and technologies such as dye-sensitized and quantum dots suffer from low conversion efficiencies while perovskite and organic cells have short longevity in atmospheric conditions. Presently, improving technologies for commercialized materials and creating multijunction solar cells enhanced by new photovoltaic materials is a path toward cleaner energies. With the rapid development of the integrative technologies and challenges that photovoltaics for clean energy conversion are facing, the entire clean photovoltaic industry could arise by bottom-up course as a part of integrative technologies rather than erecting large power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar M. Mitrašinović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsKneza Mihaila 35/IVBelgrade11000Serbia
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8
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Shlosberg Y, Brekhman V, Lotan T, Sepunaru L. Direct Electricity Production from Nematostella and Arthemia's Eggs in a Bio-Electrochemical Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15001. [PMID: 36499326 PMCID: PMC9738779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extensive efforts have been made to develop clean energy technologies to replace fossil fuels to assist the struggle against climate change. One approach is to exploit the ability of bacteria and photosynthetic organisms to conduct external electron transport for electricity production in bio-electrochemical cells. In this work, we first show that the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and eggs of Artemia (brine shrimp) secrete redox-active molecules that can reduce the electron acceptor Cytochrome C. We applied 2D fluorescence spectroscopy and identified NADH or NADPH as secreted species. Finally, we broaden the scope of living organisms that can be integrated with a bio-electrochemical cell to the sea anemones group, showing for the first time that Nematostella and eggs of Artemia can produce electrical current when integrated into a bio-electrochemical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Shlosberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Vera Brekhman
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Tamar Lotan
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Lior Sepunaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Biz C, Gracia J, Fianchini M. Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between magnetism and catalysis has been an important topic since the mid-20th century. At present time, the scientific community is well aware that a full comprehension of this relationship is required to face modern challenges, such as the need for clean energy technology. The successful use of (para-)magnetic materials has already been corroborated in catalytic processes, such as hydrogenation, Fenton reaction and ammonia synthesis. These catalysts typically contain transition metals from the first to the third row and are affected by the presence of an external magnetic field. Nowadays, it appears that the most promising approach to reach the goal of a more sustainable future is via ferromagnetic conducting catalysts containing open-shell metals (i.e., Fe, Co and Ni) with extra stabilization coming from the presence of an external magnetic field. However, understanding how intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic features are related to catalysis is still a complex task, especially when catalytic performances are improved by these magnetic phenomena. In the present review, we introduce the relationship between magnetism and catalysis and outline its importance in the production of clean energy, by describing the representative case of 3d metal Pt-based alloys, which are extensively investigated and exploited in PEM fuel cells.
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Wang J, Yuan Y, Schneider J, Zhou W, Zhu H, Cai T, Chen O. Quantum Dot-based Luminescent Solar Concentrators Fabricated through the Ultrasonic Spray-Coating Method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41013-41021. [PMID: 36044296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are a class of wave-guiding devices that can harvest solar light and concentrate it to targeted smaller areas. When coupled with photovoltaic devices (PVs), LSCs hold the potential to be integrated into various application setups, especially for building facade integration toward net-zero-energy buildings. Developing reliable LSC fabrication methods with easy scalability, high adaptability, and device controllability has been an important research topic. In this work, we report an ultrasonic nebulization-assisted spray deposition technique to fabricate quantum dot (QD)-based LSCs (QD-LSCs). This method allows for the production of high-performance QD-LSCs with different device dimensions and geometries. In addition, the quality of the QD thin-film coating layer is relatively independent of the concentration and volume of the coating QD ink solution, allowing for deliberate programming and performance optimization of the resulting QD-LSC devices. We anticipate that this ultrasonic spray coating method can be widely applied to the manufacturing of high-quality LSC devices that are integrable to various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yucheng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jeremy Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Weijun Zhou
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Abstract
As a critical material for emerging lithium-sulfur batteries and sulfide-electrolyte-based all-solid-state batteries, lithium sulfide (Li2S) has great application prospects in the field of energy storage and conversion. However, commercial Li2S is expensive and is produced via a carbon-emissive and time-consuming method of reducing lithium sulfate with carbon materials at high temperatures. Herein we report a novel method of synthesizing Li2S by thermally reducing lithium sulfate with the first non-carbon-based reductant Mg. Compared with the commercial carbothermal method, our magnesothermal technique has multiple advantages, such as completion in minutes, operation at lower temperatures, emission of zero amount of greenhouse-gases, and a valuable byproduct MgO. Moreover, the prepared Li2S product demonstrates excellent cathode performance in lithium-sulfur batteries, in terms of cycling stability, activation voltage, and rate capability. Thus, this innovative method opens a new direction for the research of Li2S and has great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yujiang Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongan Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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12
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Czerwinski F. Critical Minerals for Zero-Emission Transportation. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5539. [PMID: 36013675 PMCID: PMC9410479 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fundamentals of critical minerals and their paramount role in the successful deployment of clean energy technologies in future transportation are assessed along with current global efforts to satisfy the needs of automotive supply chains and environmental concerns. An implementation of large quantities of minerals, in particular metals, into the manufacturing of strategic components of zero-emission vehicles will bring new challenges to energy security. As a result, a reduced dependency on conventional hydrocarbon resources may lead to new and unexpected interdependencies, including dependencies on raw materials. It is concluded that to minimize the impact of a metal-intensive transition to clean transportation, in addition to overcoming challenges with minerals mining and processing, further progress in understanding the properties of critical materials will be required to better correlate them with intended applications, to identify potential substitutions and to optimize their use through the sustainable exploration of their resources and a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Czerwinski
- CanmetMATERIALS, Natural Resources Canada, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A5, Canada
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13
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Wang M, Zeng S, Wang Y, He Z. Does Clean Energy Use Have Threshold Effects on Economic Development? A Case of Theoretical and Empirical Analyses from China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9757. [PMID: 35955115 PMCID: PMC9367969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly serious energy security and environmental problems have become the main constraints to China's economic development. Therefore, it is critical to explore the threshold effect of clean energy use on China's economic growth. Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019 and using energy intensity (EI) as the threshold variable, this study adopts a panel threshold model to explore the threshold effect of clean energy development on the economy. Empirical results indicate that clean energy has a significant threshold effect on economic development, with the threshold value of EI being 0.7655. When EI is less than 0.7655, clean energy development has a more positive effect on economic growth. When the EI exceeds 0.7655, the impact is significantly positive but with a smaller coefficient. EI weakens the role of clean energy development in promoting economic growth. After 2015, the EI of most provinces in the sample was below the threshold value, which indicates that in recent years, with the economic cost of developing clean energy decreasing, the role of clean energy development in promoting the economy has become more significant. Therefore, we propose policy implications to better promote the effect of clean energy development in promoting economic growth.
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14
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Shlosberg Y, Schuster G, Adir N. Harnessing photosynthesis to produce electricity using cyanobacteria, green algae, seaweeds and plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:955843. [PMID: 35968083 PMCID: PMC9363842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of solar energy into electrical current by photosynthetic organisms has the potential to produce clean energy. Life on earth depends on photosynthesis, the major mechanism for biological conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Indeed, billions of years of evolution and adaptation to extreme environmental habitats have resulted in highly efficient light-harvesting and photochemical systems in the photosynthetic organisms that can be found in almost every ecological habitat of our world. In harnessing photosynthesis to produce green energy, the native photosynthetic system is interfaced with electrodes and electron mediators to yield bio-photoelectrochemical cells (BPECs) that transform light energy into electrical power. BPECs utilizing plants, seaweeds, unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms, thylakoid membranes or purified complexes, have been studied in attempts to construct efficient and non-polluting BPECs to produce electricity or hydrogen for use as green energy. The high efficiency of photosynthetic light-harvesting and energy production in the mostly unpolluting processes that make use of water and CO2 and produce oxygen beckons us to develop this approach. On the other hand, the need to use physiological conditions, the sensitivity to photoinhibition as well as other abiotic stresses, and the requirement to extract electrons from the system are challenging. In this review, we describe the principles and methods of the different kinds of BPECs that use natural photosynthesis, with an emphasis on BPECs containing living oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. We start with a brief summary of BPECs that use purified photosynthetic complexes. This strategy has produced high-efficiency BPECs. However, the lifetimes of operation of these BPECs are limited, and the preparation is laborious and expensive. We then describe the use of thylakoid membranes in BPECs which requires less effort and usually produces high currents but still suffers from the lack of ability to self-repair damage caused by photoinhibition. This obstacle of the utilization of photosynthetic systems can be significantly reduced by using intact living organisms in the BPEC. We thus describe here progress in developing BPECs that make use of cyanobacteria, green algae, seaweeds and higher plants. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of producing high and longtime operating BPECs for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Shlosberg
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Zheng S, Tang J, Lv D, Wang M, Yang X, Hou C, Yi B, Lu G, Hao R, Wang M, Wang Y, He H, Yao X. Continuous Energy Harvesting from Ubiquitous Humidity Gradients using Liquid-Infused Nanofluidics. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2106410. [PMID: 34715720 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-based power generation that converts internal energy of water molecules into electricity is an emerging approach for harvesting clean energy from nature. Here it is proposed that intrinsic gradient within a humidity field near sweating surfaces, such as rivers, soil, or animal skin, is a promising power resource when integrated with liquid-infused nanofluidics. Specifically, capillary-stabilized ionic liquid (IL, Omim+ Cl- ) film is exposed to the above humidity field to create a sustained transmembrane water-content difference, which enables asymmetric ion-diffusion across the nanoconfined fluidics, facilitating long-term electricity generation with the power density of ≈12.11 µW cm-2 . This high record is attributed to the nanoconfined IL that integrates van der Waals and electrostatic interactions to block movement of Omim+ clusters while allowing for directional diffusion of moisture-liberated Cl+ . This humidity gradient triggers large ion-diffusion flux for power generation indicates great potential of sweating surfaces considering that most of the earth is covered by water or soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayue Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changshun Hou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruiran Hao
- School of environmental engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Mingzhan Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Khogali A, Ahmed A, Ibrahim M, Karrar K, Elsheikh M, Abdelraheem E, Cluver L, Elmukashfi E. Building power-ful health systems: the impacts of electrification on health outcomes in LMICs. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2022; 27:124-137. [PMID: 35929975 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Critical disparities threaten health care in developing countries and hinder progress towards global development commitments. Almost a billion people and thousands of public services are not yet connected to electricity - a majority in sub-Saharan Africa. In economically fragile settings, clinics and health services struggle to gain and maintain their access to the most basic energy infrastructure. Less than 30% of health facilities in LMICs report access to reliable energy sources, truncating health outcomes and endangering patients in critical conditions. While 'universal health coverage' and 'sustainable energy for all' are two distinct SDGs with their respective targets, this review challenges their disconnect and inspects their interdependence in LMICs. To evaluate the impact of electrification on healthcare facilities in LMICs, this systematic review analysed relevant publications up to March 2021, using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and CINAHL. Outcomes captured were in accordance with the WHO HHFA modules. A total of 5083 studies were identified, 12 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this review - most were from Africa, with the exception of two studies from India and one from Fiji. Electrification was associated with improvements in the quality of antenatal care services, vaccination rates, emergency capabilities and primary health services; with many facilities reporting high-quality, reliable and continuous oxygen supplies, refrigeration and enhanced medical supply chains. Renewable energy sources were considered in six of the included studies, most highlighting their suitability for rural health facilities. Notably, solar-powered oxygen delivery systems reduced childhood mortality and length of hospital stay. Unavailable and unreliable electricity is a bottleneck to health service delivery in LMICs. Electrification was associated with increased service availability, readiness and quality of care - especially for women, children and those under critical care. This study indicates that stable and clean electrification allows new heights in achieving SDG 3 and SDG7 in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Khogali
- Julius Global Health, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and the National Ribat University, Sudan
| | - Almegdad Ahmed
- Soba Centre for Audit and Research (SCAR), Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mona Ibrahim
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mohamed Elsheikh
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,St George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Elfatih Abdelraheem
- United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Arab States, Turkey
| | - Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,University of Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Scharnberg ARDA, Berutti FA, Alves AK. Visible-light Bi-Fe-Nb-O photoanodes for solar-light driven hydrogen production. Environ Technol 2021; 42:4355-4362. [PMID: 32310020 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1758218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, CO2 emission is the main cause of climate change and its various related environmental impacts. Therefore, we have as a prime the development of clean sources of energy. The hydrogen economy is very attractive in this regard, however, when generated from the methane reform, there are also large-scale CO2 emissions. Thus, this research aims to develop and characterize bismuth and iron niobate-based photoanodes for hydrogen production via water photoelectrolysis. Bi2FexNbO7 films were synthesized by the sol-gel method and deposited on FTO coated glass plates by dip-coating technique. The influence of heat treatment (400, 500 and 600°C) and amount of iron on the structure (Bi2FexNbO7, x = 0, 0.8, 1, 1.2) were evaluated. Optical, structural and morphological properties were performed, as well as photoanode efficiency in photocurrent assays. The results indicate that the increase of temperature as well as the amount of iron leads to a higher absorption capacity and hence to lower band gap values. Regarding the structural properties, it was possible to observe the BFNO phase in the samples treated at 500 and 600°C. The films heat-treated at 400°C had a heterogeneous texture and a good covering. At 600°C there were some cracks in films surface. Therefore, samples with more iron and treated at 400°C showed better responses in photocurrent assays. It can be concluded that bismuth-iron niobate has a great potential to be applied in photoelectrolysis hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Amorim Berutti
- Laboratory of Ceramic Materials, Department of Materials, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Annelise Kopp Alves
- Laboratory of Ceramic Materials, Department of Materials, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Devasahayam S. Decarbonising the Portland and other Cements-Via Simultaneous Feedstock Recycling and Carbon Conversions Sans External Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152462. [PMID: 34372063 PMCID: PMC8347282 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current overarching global environmental crisis relates to high carbon footprint in cement production, waste plastic accumulation, and growing future energy demands. A simultaneous solution to the above crises was examined in this work. The present study focused on decarbonizing the calcination process of the cement making using waste plastics and biowastes as the reactants or the feedstock, to reduce the carbon footprint and to simultaneously convert it into clean energy, which were never reported before. Other studies reported the use of waste plastics and biowastes as fuel in cement kilns, applicable to the entire cement making process. Calcination of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate is the most emission intensive process in cement making in Portland cements and Novacem-like cements. In the Novacem process, which is based on magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonates systems, the carbon dioxide generated is recycled to carbonate magnesium silicates at elevated temperatures and pressures. The present study examined the Novacem-like cement system but in the presence of waste plastics and biomass during the calcination. The carbon dioxide and the methane produced during calcination were converted into syngas or hydrogen in Novacem-like cements. It was established that carbon dioxide and methane emissions were reduced by approximately 99% when plastics and biowastes were added as additives or feedstock during the calcination, which were converted into syngas and/or hydrogen. The reaction intermediates of calcination reactions (calcium carbonate–calcium oxide or magnesium carbonate–magnesium oxide systems) can facilitate the endothermic carbon conversion reactions to syngas or hydrogen acting as non-soot forming catalysts. The conventional catalysts used in carbon conversion reactions are expensive and susceptible to carbon fouling. Two criteria were established in this study: first, to reduce the carbon dioxide/methane emissions during calcination; second, to simultaneously convert the carbon dioxide and methane to hydrogen. Reduction and conversion of carbon dioxide and methane emissions were facilitated by co-gasification of plastics and bio-wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Devasahayam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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19
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Fan G, Wasuwanich P, Furst AL. Biohybrid Systems for Improved Bioinspired, Energy-Relevant Catalysis. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2353-2367. [PMID: 33594779 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic catalysts, ranging from small-molecule metal complexes to supramolecular assembles, possess many exciting properties that could address salient challenges in industrial-scale manufacturing. Inspired by natural enzymes, these biohybrid catalytic systems demonstrate superior characteristics, including high activity, enantioselectivity, and enhanced aqueous solubility, over their fully synthetic counterparts. However, instability and limitations in the prediction of structure-function relationships are major drawbacks that often prevent the application of biomimetic catalysts outside of the laboratory. Despite these obstacles, recent advances in synthetic enzyme models have improved our understanding of complicated biological enzymatic processes and enabled the production of catalysts with increased efficiency. This review outlines important developments and future prospects for the design and application of bioinspired and biohybrid systems at multiple length scales for important, biologically relevant, clean energy transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pris Wasuwanich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ariel L Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Li Y, Wang H, Priest C, Li S, Xu P, Wu G. Advanced Electrocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability via Water and Nitrogen Reactions. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2000381. [PMID: 32671924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clean and efficient energy storage and conversion via sustainable water and nitrogen reactions have attracted substantial attention to address the energy and environmental issues due to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. These electrochemical reactions are crucial for desirable clean energy technologies, including advanced water electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, and ammonia electrosynthesis and utilization. Their sluggish reaction kinetics lead to inefficient energy conversion. Innovative electrocatalysis, i.e., catalysis at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte to facilitate charge transfer and mass transport, plays a vital role in boosting energy conversion efficiency and providing sufficient performance and durability for these energy technologies. Herein, a comprehensive review on recent progress, achievements, and remaining challenges for these electrocatalysis processes related to water (i.e., oxygen evolution reaction, OER, and oxygen reduction reaction, ORR) and nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen reduction reaction, NRR, for ammonia synthesis and ammonia oxidation reaction, AOR, for energy utilization) is provided. Catalysts, electrolytes, and interfaces between the two within electrodes for these electrocatalysis processes are discussed. The primary emphasis is device performance of OER-related proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, ORR-related PEM fuel cells, NRR-driven ammonia electrosynthesis from water and nitrogen, and AOR-related direct ammonia fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Cameron Priest
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Siwei Li
- Department MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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21
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Williams KN, Kephart JL, Fandiño-Del-Rio M, O'Brien CJ, Moulton LH, Koehler K, Harvey SA, Checkley W. Use of liquefied petroleum gas in Puno, Peru: Fuel needs under conditions of free fuel and near-exclusive use. Energy Sustain Dev 2020; 58:150-157. [PMID: 33442225 PMCID: PMC7799435 DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the burden of household air pollution could be achieved with exclusive adoption of cleaner fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). However, we lack understanding of how much LPG is required to support exclusive use and how household characteristics affect this quantity. This paper used data from 90 participants in the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial in Puno, Peru who received free LPG deliveries for one year. Households with a mean of four members that cooked nearly exclusively (>98%) with LPG used an average of 19.1 kg (95% CI 18.5 to 19.6) of LPG per month for tasks similar to those done with the traditional biomass stove. LPG use per month was 0.5 kg higher for each additional pig or dog owned (p=0.003), 0.7 kg higher for each additional household member (p<0.001), 0.3 kg higher for households in the second-lowest compared to the lowest wealth quintile (p=0.01), and 1.1 kg higher if the household had previously received subsidized LPG (p=0.05). LPG use per month was 1.1 kg lower during the rainy season (p<0.001) and 1.7 kg lower during the planting season (p<0.001) compared to the cold and harvest seasons, despite the fact that LPG was not typically used for space heating. LPG use decreased by 0.05 kg per month over the course of one year after receiving the LPG stove (p=0.02). These results suggest that achieving exclusive LPG use in Puno, Peru requires that rural residents have affordable access to an average of two 10 kg LPG tanks per month. Conducting similar investigations in other countries could help policymakers set and target LPG subsidies to ensure that households have access to enough LPG to achieve exclusive LPG use and the potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra N Williams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josiah L Kephart
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn J O'Brien
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence H Moulton
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Harvey
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Puzzolo E, Zerriffi H, Carter E, Clemens H, Stokes H, Jagger P, Rosenthal J, Petach H. Supply Considerations for Scaling Up Clean Cooking Fuels for Household Energy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Geohealth 2019; 3:370-390. [PMID: 32159025 PMCID: PMC7038875 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Promoting access to clean household cooking energy is an important subject for policy making in low- and middle-income countries, in light of urgent and global efforts to achieve universal energy access by 2030 (Sustainable Development Goal 7). In 2014, the World Health Organization issued "Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Household Fuel Combustion", which recommended a shift to cleaner fuels rather than promotion of technologies that more efficiently combust solid fuels. This study fills an important gap in the literature on transitions to household use of clean cooking energy by reviewing supply chain considerations for clean fuel options in low- and middle-income countries. For the purpose of this study, we consider electricity, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), alcohol fuels, biogas, and compressed biomass pellets burned in high performing gasifier stoves to be clean fuel options. Each of the clean fuels reviewed in this study, as well as the supply of electricity, presents both constraints and opportunities for enhanced production, supply, delivery, and long-term sustainability and scalability in resource-poor settings. These options are reviewed and discussed together with policy and regulatory considerations to help in making these fuel and energy choices available and affordable. Our hope is that researchers, government officials and policy makers, and development agencies and investors will be aided by our comparative analysis of these clean household energy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Puzzolo
- Department of Public Health and PolicyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Global LPG PartnershipNew YorkUSA
| | - H. Zerriffi
- University of British Columbia, Forest Resources ManagementCanada
| | - E. Carter
- Colorado State University, Civil and Environmental EngineeringUSA
| | | | | | - P. Jagger
- University of Michigan, School for Environment and SustainabilityUSA
| | | | - H. Petach
- U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentWashingtonDCUSA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Andres Fullana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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24
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Cheng Y, Ying Y, Japip S, Jiang SD, Chung TS, Zhang S, Zhao D. Advanced Porous Materials in Mixed Matrix Membranes. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1802401. [PMID: 30048014 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technology has gained great interest in industrial separation processing over the past few decades owing to its high energy efficiency, small capital investment, environmentally benign characteristics, and the continuous operation process. Among various types of membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) combining the merits of the polymer matrix and inorganic/organic fillers have been extensively investigated. With the rapid development of chemistry and materials science, recent studies have shifted toward the design and application of advanced porous materials as promising fillers to boost the separation performance of MMMs. Here, first a comprehensive overview is provided on the choices of advanced porous materials recently adopted in MMMs, including metal-organic frameworks, porous organic frameworks, and porous molecular compounds. Novel trends in MMMs induced by these advanced porous fillers are discussed in detail, followed by a summary of applying these MMMs for gas and liquid separations. Finally, a concise conclusion and current challenges toward the industrial implementation of MMMs are outlined, hoping to provide guidance for the design of high-performance membranes to meet the urgent needs of clean energy and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yunpan Ying
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Susilo Japip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shu-Dong Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Tai-Shung Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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25
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Thomas JM. Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world: a summary and recommendations for urgent future action. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0068. [PMID: 29175987 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to summarizing the main thrusts of each paper presented at this Discussion, other urgent issues involving the role (and characterization) of new catalysts for eliminating oxides of nitrogen, for using CO2 liberated from steel mills, for fuel cells and the need for rapid decarbonization of fossil fuels are outlined.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world'.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meurig Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
- University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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26
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Li BL, Setyawati MI, Zou HL, Dong JX, Luo HQ, Li NB, Leong DT. Emerging 0D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides for Sensors, Biomedicine, and Clean Energy. Small 2017; 13. [PMID: 28605120 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Following research on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), zero-dimensional (0D) TMDs nanostructures have also garnered some attention due to their unique properties; exploitable for new applications. The 0D TMDs nanostructures stand distinct from their larger 2D TMDs cousins in terms of their general structure and properties. 0D TMDs possess higher bandgaps, ultra-small sizes, high surface-to-volume ratios with more active edge sites per unit mass. So far, reported 0D TMDs can be mainly classified as quantum dots, nanodots, nanoparticles, and small nanoflakes. All exhibited diverse applications in various fields due to their unique and excellent properties. Of significance, through exploiting inherent characteristics of 0D TMDs materials, enhanced catalytic, biomedical, and photoluminescence applications can be realized through this exciting sub-class of TMDs. Herein, we comprehensively review the properties and synthesis methods of 0D TMDs nanostructures and focus on their potential applications in sensor, biomedicine, and energy fields. This article aims to educate potential adopters of these excitingly new nanomaterials as well as to inspire and promote the development of more impactful applications. Especially in this rapidly evolving field, this review may be a good resource of critical insights and in-depth comparisons between the 0D and 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Hao Lin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Escobedo R, Miranda R, Martínez J. Infrared Irradiation: Toward Green Chemistry, a Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:453. [PMID: 27023535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of where infrared irradiation has been employed, mainly as regards activating green mode for natural products extractions, as well as to favor a reaction, highlighting its actual importance. It is also underlined that infrared irradiation heating has been around for a long time; however, only in the last eighteen years have many of its advantages been applied to satisfy a wide range of chemical processes, natural products extractions, and for the promotion of many kinds of reactions. In addition, it is brought to light that near infrared irradiation is more efficient than middle and far infrared irradiations, being easily controllable and with the quality of a fast responding heat source. Thus, the main objective of this review is to offer infrared irradiation as an alternative clean energy source to activate reactions, in addition to favor the selective extraction of natural products, all of which is within the Green Chemistry protocol. Some recent results from our laboratory are also included.
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Du H, Guo HL, Liu YN, Xie X, Liang K, Zhou X, Wang X, Xu AW. Metallic 1T-LixMoS2 Cocatalyst Significantly Enhanced the Photocatalytic H2 Evolution over Cd0.5Zn0.5S Nanocrystals under Visible Light Irradiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:4023-4030. [PMID: 26844371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, metallic 1T-LixMoS2 is utilized as a novel cocatalyst for Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst. The obtained LixMoS2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S hybrids show excellent photocatalytic performance for H2 generation from aqueous solution containing Na2S and Na2SO3 under splitting visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm) without precious metal cocatalysts. It turns out that a certain amount of intercalating Li(+) ions ultimately drives the transition of MoS2 crystal from semiconductor triagonal phase (2H phase) to metallic phase (1T phase). The distinct properties of 1T-LixMoS2 promote the efficient separation of photoexcited electrons and holes when used as cocatalyst for Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst. As compared to 2H-MoS2 nanosheets only having edge active sites, photoinduced electrons not only transfer to the edge sites of 1T-LixMoS2, but also to the plane active sites of 1T-LixMoS2 nanosheets. The content of LixMoS2 in hybrid photocatalysts influences the photocatalytic activity. The optimal 1T-LixMoS2 (1.0 wt %)/Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanojunctions display the best activity for hydrogen production, achieving a hydrogen evolution rate of 769.9 μmol h(-1), with no use of noble metal loading, which is about 3.5 times higher than that of sole Cd0.5Zn0.5S, and 2 times higher than that of 2H-MoS2 (1.0 wt %)/Cd0.5Zn0.5S samples. Our results demonstrate that Li(+)-intercalated MoS2 nanosheets with high conductivity, high densities of active sites, low cost, and environmental friendliness are a prominent H2 evolution cocatalyst that might substitute for noble metal for potential hydrogen energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University , Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kuang Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - An-Wu Xu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Magdaong NM, Shen M, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Efficient Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion using Spinach Photosystem II (PSII) in Lipid Multilayer Films. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:111-4. [PMID: 25969807 PMCID: PMC4420581 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for clean, renewable energy has fostered research into photovoltaic alternatives to silicon solar cells. Pigment–protein complexes in green plants convert light energy into chemical potential using redox processes that produce molecular oxygen. Here, we report the first use of spinach protein photosystem II (PSII) core complex in lipid films in photoelectrochemical devices. Photocurrents were generated from PSII in a ∼2 μm biomimetic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) film on a pyrolytic graphite (PG) anode with PSII embedded in multiple lipid bilayers. The photocurrent was ∼20 μA cm−2 under light intensity 40 mW cm−2. The PSII–DMPC anode was used in a photobiofuel cell with a platinum black mesh cathode in perchloric acid solution to give an output voltage of 0.6 V and a maximum output power of 14 μW cm−2. Part of this large output is related to a five-unit anode–cathode pH gradient. With catholytes at higher pH or no perchlorate, or using an MnO2 oxygen-reduction cathode, the power output was smaller. The results described raise the possibility of using PSII–DMPC films in small portable power conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Green Emulsions, Micelles, & Surfactants (GEMS) Center, University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Nikki M Magdaong
- Department of Chemistry and Green Emulsions, Micelles, & Surfactants (GEMS) Center, University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Green Emulsions, Micelles, & Surfactants (GEMS) Center, University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Harry A Frank
- Department of Chemistry and Green Emulsions, Micelles, & Surfactants (GEMS) Center, University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry and Green Emulsions, Micelles, & Surfactants (GEMS) Center, University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA ; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut 97 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
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30
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Hu Z, Zhang K, Zhang M, Guo Z, Jiang J, Zhao D. A combinatorial approach towards water-stable metal-organic frameworks for highly efficient carbon dioxide separation. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:2791-2795. [PMID: 25124239 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A library of 20 UiO-66-derived metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is synthesized in a combinatorial approach involving mixed ligand copolymerization and two post-synthetic modifications (PSMs) in tandem. Mixed ligand co-polymerization of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC) and sodium 2-sulfoterephthalate (SS-BDC) with zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4 ) was used to prepare 5 groups of MOFs with the same UiO-66 topology but differing amounts of sulfate groups. These MOFs exhibit excellent water stabilities in a pH range of 1 to 12, together with high CO2 uptake capacities and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585 (Singapore), Fax: (+65) 6779-1936 http://www.chbe.nus.edu.sg/faculty/chezhao
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