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Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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Carey CM, Hollins HL, Schmid AV, Gagnon JA. Distinct features of the regenerating heart uncovered through comparative single-cell profiling. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060156. [PMID: 38526188 PMCID: PMC11007736 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult humans respond to heart injury by forming a permanent scar, yet other vertebrates are capable of robust and complete cardiac regeneration. Despite progress towards characterizing the mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in fish and amphibians, the large evolutionary gulf between mammals and regenerating vertebrates complicates deciphering which cellular and molecular features truly enable regeneration. To better define these features, we compared cardiac injury responses in zebrafish and medaka, two fish species that share similar heart anatomy and common teleost ancestry but differ in regenerative capability. We used single-cell transcriptional profiling to create a time-resolved comparative cell atlas of injury responses in all major cardiac cell types across both species. With this approach, we identified several key features that distinguish cardiac injury response in the non-regenerating medaka heart. By comparing immune responses to injury, we found altered cell recruitment and a distinct pro-inflammatory gene program in medaka leukocytes, and an absence of the injury-induced interferon response seen in zebrafish. In addition, we found a lack of pro-regenerative signals, including nrg1 and retinoic acid, from medaka endothelial and epicardial cells. Finally, we identified alterations in the myocardial structure in medaka, where they lack primordial layer cardiomyocytes and fail to employ a cardioprotective gene program shared by regenerating vertebrates. Our findings reveal notable variation in injury response across nearly all major cardiac cell types in zebrafish and medaka, demonstrating how evolutionary divergence influences the hidden cellular features underpinning regenerative potential in these seemingly similar vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M. Carey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hailey L. Hollins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Alexis V. Schmid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James A. Gagnon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Wang T, Ouyang B, Tang L, Li L, Liu Y. Myocardial extracellular volume derived from contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography in longitudinal evaluation of cardiac toxicity in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:3107-3120. [PMID: 38617171 PMCID: PMC11007499 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background The immune-related adverse effects after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment have always been a hot topic. Although the incidence of myocarditis is not high among the related adverse effects, the mortality rate is extremely high once it occurs. In the past, the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) after drug treatment was evaluated based on imaging examinations, but this evaluation still had certain limitations. Currently, the extracellular volume (ECV) score measurement calculated using cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping has become a reliable method for evaluating myocardial toxicity and computed tomography (CT) examination may become an alternative. This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the cardiac toxicity of patients treated with ICIs using myocardial ECV derived from contrast-enhanced chest CT. Methods A total of 500 patients with III-IV lung cancer and esophageal cancer treated with ICIs were evaluated. Participants underwent baseline examination and at least 1 follow-up examination after treatment. Contrast-enhanced chest CT-ECV, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and measurement of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were conducted before the first treatment, 3-6 months after the first treatment, and about 12 months after the first treatment, respectively. The ECV value of the middle part of the left ventricular septum was evaluated on CT venography and plain scan, the LVEF value was evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound, and the quantity of cTnT was detected by chemiluminescence. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction was recorded. Results The mean baseline LVEF value was 68.51%±4.81% (N0=500), and those of LVEF1, LVEF2, and LVEF3 were 68.77%±4.30%, 68.16%±3.59%, and 66.23%±4.20%, respectively (N1=500, N2=467, and N3=361, respectively). There was no significant difference between LVEF1, LVEF2, and LVEF0 (P1=0.095, P2=0.062), whereas LVEF3 was significantly lower than LVEF0 (P<0.001). The average baseline cTnT0 value was 7.42±3.95 (N0=500). The values of cTnT1, cTnT2, and cTnT3 were 10.05±11.40, 12.24±13.59, and 14.54±14.49, respectively (N1=500, N2=467, N3=361). The values of cTnT1, cTnT2, and cTnT3 were significantly higher than cTnT0 (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, P3<0.001). The average ECV0 was 47.14%±7.48% (N0=500). ECV1, ECV2, and ECV3 were 50.85%±6.79%, 53.44%±6.96% and 52.64%±7.58% respectively (N1=500, N2=467 and N3=361). ECV1, ECV2, and ECV3 were significantly higher than ECV0 (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, P3<0.001). CTRCD occurred in 49 patients. There were significant differences between the CTRCD (+) group and the CTRCD (-) group in cTnT1, cTnT2, and cTnT3 (P1<0.001, P2<0.001, and P3<0.001, respectively) and in ECV1, ECV2, and ECV3 (P1=0.039, P2=0.041, and P3=0.013, respectively). Conclusions CT-ECV began to increase at the early stage after the treatment of ICIs. CT-ECV is a potential biomarker for dynamically monitoring the cardiac toxicity of tumor patients after receiving ICIs. ECV may be used to speculate the CTRCD caused by the treatment of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Ouyang
- Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Tang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Luchun Li
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiu Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Folco G, Monti CB, Zanardo M, Silletta F, Capra D, Secchi F, Sardanelli F. MRI-derived extracellular volume as a biomarker of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2699-2710. [PMID: 37823922 PMCID: PMC10957707 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MRI-derived extracellular volume (ECV) allows characterization of myocardial changes before the onset of overt pathology, which may be caused by cancer therapy cardiotoxicity. Our purpose was to review studies exploring the role of MRI-derived ECV as an early cardiotoxicity biomarker to guide timely intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS In April 2022, we performed a systematic search on EMBASE and PubMed for articles on MRI-derived ECV as a biomarker of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity. Two blinded researchers screened the retrieved articles, including those reporting ECV values at least 3 months from cardiotoxic treatment. Data extraction was performed for each article, including clinical and technical data, and ECV values. Pooled ECV was calculated using the random effects model and compared among different treatment regimens and among those who did or did not experience overt cardiac dysfunction. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to appraise which clinical or technical variables yielded a significant impact on ECV. RESULTS Overall, 19 studies were included. Study populations ranged from 9 to 236 patients, for a total of 1123 individuals, with an average age ranging from 12.5 to 74 years. Most studies included patients with breast or esophageal cancer, treated with anthracyclines and chest radiotherapy. Pooled ECV was 28.44% (95% confidence interval, CI, 26.85-30.03%) among subjects who had undergone cardiotoxic cancer therapy, versus 25.23% (95%CI 23.31-27.14%) among those who had not (p = .003). CONCLUSION A higher ECV in patients who underwent cardiotoxic treatment could imply subclinical changes in the myocardium, present even before overt cardiac pathology is detectable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The ability to detect subclinical changes in the myocardium displayed by ECV suggests its use as an early biomarker of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity. KEY POINTS • Cardiotoxicity is a common adverse effect of cancer therapy; therefore, its prompt detection could improve patient outcomes. • Pooled MRI-derived myocardial extracellular volume was higher in patients who underwent cardiotoxic cancer therapy than in those who did not (28.44% versus 25.23%, p = .003). • MRI-derived myocardial extracellular volume represents a potential early biomarker of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Folco
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina B Monti
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Moreno Zanardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Silletta
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Capra
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Secchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Shi RY, Wu R, Ran J, Tang LL, Wesemann L, Hu J, Du L, Zhang WJ, Xu JR, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Pu J, Wu LM. Fractal analysis of left ventricular trabeculae in post-STEMI: from acute to chronic phase. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:75. [PMID: 38499900 PMCID: PMC10948656 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The temporal evolution of ventricular trabecular complexity and its correlation with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remain indeterminate in patients presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS This retrospective analysis enrolled patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for acute STEMI, possessing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data in the acute (within 7 days), subacute (1 month after pPCI), and chronic phases (6 months after pPCI) from January 2015 to January 2020 at the three participating sites. Fractal dimensions (FD) were measured for the global, infarct, and remote regions of left ventricular trabeculae during each phase. The potential association of FD with MACE was analyzed using multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS Among the 200 analyzed patients (182 men; median age, 61 years; age range, 50-66 years), 37 (18.5%) encountered MACE during a median follow-up of 31.2 months. FD exhibited a gradual decrement (global FD at acute, subacute, and chronic phases: 1.253 ± 0.049, 1.239 ± 0.046, 1.230 ± 0.045, p < 0.0001), with a more pronounced decrease observed in patients subsequently experiencing MACE (p < 0.001). The global FD at the subacute phase correlated with MACE (hazard ratio 0.89 (0.82, 0.97), p = 0.01), and a global FD value below 1.26 was associated with a heightened risk. CONCLUSION In patients post-STEMI, the global FD, serving as an indicator of left ventricular trabeculae complexity, independently demonstrated an association with subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events, beyond factors encompassing left ventricular ejection fraction, indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume, infarct size, heart rate, NYHA class, and post-pPCI TIMI flow. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT In patients who have had an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, global fractal dimension, as a measure of left ventricular trabeculae complexity, provided independent association with subsequent major adverse cardiovascular event. KEY POINTS • Global and regional FD decreased after STEMI, and more so in patients with subsequent MACE. • Lower global FD at the subacute phase and Δglobal FD from acute to subacute phase were associated with subsequent MACE besides clinical and CMR factors. • Global FD at the subacute phase independently correlated with MACE and global FD value below 1.26 was associated with higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yang Shi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Jiading Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang-Lang Tang
- Department of Radiology, Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Long Yan, Fu Jian, China
| | - Luke Wesemann
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Liang Du
- Shanghai Robotics Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Lian-Ming Wu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Xie C, Zhang R, Mensink S, Gandharva R, Awni M, Lim H, Kachel SE, Cheung E, Crawley R, Churilov L, Bettencourt N, Chiribiri A, Scannell CM, Lim RP. Automated inversion time selection for late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10630-w. [PMID: 38337070 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and share a deep learning method that can accurately identify optimal inversion time (TI) from multi-vendor, multi-institutional and multi-field strength inversion scout (TI scout) sequences for late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective multicentre study conducted on 1136 1.5-T and 3-T cardiac MRI examinations from four centres and three scanner vendors. Deep learning models, comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) that provides input to a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, were trained on TI scout pixel data from centres 1 to 3 to identify optimal TI, using ground truth annotations by two readers. Accuracy within 50 ms, mean absolute error (MAE), Lin's concordance coefficient (LCCC) and reduced major axis regression (RMAR) were used to select the best model from validation results, and applied to holdout test data. Robustness of the best-performing model was also tested on imaging data from centre 4. RESULTS The best model (SE-ResNet18-LSTM) produced accuracy of 96.1%, MAE 22.9 ms and LCCC 0.47 compared to ground truth on the holdout test set and accuracy of 97.3%, MAE 15.2 ms and LCCC 0.64 when tested on unseen external (centre 4) data. Differences in vendor performance were observed, with greatest accuracy for the most commonly represented vendor in the training data. CONCLUSION A deep learning model was developed that can identify optimal inversion time from TI scout images on multi-vendor data with high accuracy, including on previously unseen external data. We make this model available to the scientific community for further assessment or development. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT A robust automated inversion time selection tool for late gadolinium-enhanced imaging allows for reproducible and efficient cross-vendor inversion time selection. KEY POINTS • A model comprising convolutional and recurrent neural networks was developed to extract optimal TI from TI scout images. • Model accuracy within 50 ms of ground truth on multi-vendor holdout and external data of 96.1% and 97.3% respectively was achieved. • This model could improve workflow efficiency and standardise optimal TI selection for consistent LGE imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xie
- Melbourne Bioinnovation Student Initiative (MBSI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Rory Zhang
- Melbourne Bioinnovation Student Initiative (MBSI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Sebastian Mensink
- Melbourne Bioinnovation Student Initiative (MBSI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Rahul Gandharva
- Melbourne Bioinnovation Student Initiative (MBSI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Mustafa Awni
- Melbourne Bioinnovation Student Initiative (MBSI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Hester Lim
- Melbourne Bioinnovation Student Initiative (MBSI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Stefan E Kachel
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ernest Cheung
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | | | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Cian M Scannell
- King's College London, Strand, London, UK
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth P Lim
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Laboratory, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Cho DH, Park SM. Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Heart Failure, Friend or Foe? Diabetes Metab J 2024:dmj.2023.0190. [PMID: 38310880 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) management guidelines recommend individualized assessments based on HF phenotypes. Adiposity is a known risk factor for HF. Recently, there has been an increased interest in organ-specific adiposity, specifically the role of the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), in HF risk. EAT is easily assessable through various imaging modalities and is anatomically and functionally connected to the myocardium. In pathological conditions, EAT secretes inflammatory cytokines, releases excessive fatty acids, and increases mechanical load on the myocardium, resulting in myocardial remodeling. EAT plays a pathophysiological role in characterizing both HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In HFrEF, EAT volume is reduced, reflecting an impaired metabolic reservoir, whereas in HFpEF, the amount of EAT is associated with worse biomarker and hemodynamic profiles, indicating increased EAT activity. Studies have examined the possibility of therapeutically targeting EAT, and recent studies using sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have shown potential in reducing EAT volume. However, further research is required to determine the clinical implications of reducing EAT activity in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyuk Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Mi Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shackebaei D, Hesari M, Ramezani-Aliakbari S, Pashaei M, Yarmohammadi F, Ramezani-Aliakbari F. Cardioprotective effect of naringin against the ischemia/reperfusion injury of aged rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:1209-1218. [PMID: 37650890 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is known as a main risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Naringin (NRG) is a flavonoid compound derived from citrus fruits. It possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective. This investigation aimed to assess the cardioprotective effect of NRG against the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in aged rats. In this study, D-galactose (D-GAL) at the dose of 150 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks was used to induce aging in rats. Rats were orally gavaged with NRG (40 or 100 mg/kg/day), in co-treatment with D-GAL, for 8 weeks. The Langendorff isolated heart was used to evaluate the effect of NRG on I/R injury in aged rats. NRG treatment diminished myocardial hypertrophy and maximum contracture level in aged animals. During the pre-ischemic phase, reduced heart rate was normalized by NRG. The effects of D-GAL on the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVDP), the rate pressure product (RPP), and the minimum and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt) improved by NRG treatment in the perfusion period. NRG also enhanced post-ischemic recovery of cardiac functional parameters (± dp/dt, and RPP) in isolated hearts. An increase in serum levels of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were reversed by NRG in aged rats. It also normalized the D-GAL-decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the heart tissue. NRG treatment alleviated cardiac injury in aged hearts under conditions of I/R. NRG may improve aging-induced cardiac dysfunction through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareuosh Shackebaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahvash Hesari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Pashaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Liu J, Qu Y, Li J, He W, Chen X, Li X, Wang Y, Tang H, Yuan Y, Deng L, Chen G, Zheng T, Nie L, Zhou X, Song B, Tong N, Peng L. Myocardial tissue remodeling in early adult obesity and its association with regional adipose tissue distribution and ectopic fat deposits: a prospective study. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:970-980. [PMID: 37572193 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the left ventricular (LV) myocardial tissue characteristics in early adult obesity and its association with regional adipose tissue and ectopic fat deposition. METHODS Forty-nine obese adults (mean body mass index: 29.9 ± 2.0 kg/m2) and 44 healthy controls were prospectively studied. LV native and post-contrast T1 values, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), regional adipose tissue (epicardial, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (EAT, VAT, and SAT)), and ectopic fat deposition (hepatic and pancreatic proton density fat fractions (H-PDFF and P-PDFF)) based on magnetic resonance imaging were compared. The association was assessed by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS The obese participants showed reduced global ECV compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in global native or post-contrast T1 values between the two groups. Additionally, the obese individuals exhibited higher EAT, VAT, SAT, H-PDFF, and P-PDFF than the controls (p < 0.05). ECV was associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that H-PDFF and SAT were independently associated with ECV in entire population (β = - 0.123 and - 0.012; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Reduced myocardial ECV in patients with mild-to-moderate obesity and its relationship to SBP may indicate that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, rather than extracellular matrix expansion, is primarily responsible for myocardial tissue remodeling in early adult obesity. Our findings further imply that H-PDFF and SAT are linked with LV myocardial tissue remodeling in this cohort beyond the growth difference and cardiovascular risk factors. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolism of obese patients based on smart phone software (ChiCTR1900026476). CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Myocardial fibrosis in severe obesity predicts poor prognosis. We showed that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, not myocardial fibrosis, is the main myocardial tissue characteristic of early obesity. This finding raises the possibility that medical interventions, like weight loss, may prevent cardiac fibrosis. KEY POINTS • Myocardial tissue characteristics in early adult obesity are unclear. • Myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) can be quantitatively evaluated using T1 mapping based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). • Cardiac MRI-derived ECV may noninvasively evaluate myocardial tissue remodeling in early adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yali Qu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenzhang He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hehan Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guoyong Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tianying Zheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lisha Nie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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Zhu Y, Guan H, Zhu X, Cai J, Jiao X, Shan J, Li Y, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Astilbin antagonizes developmental cardiotoxicity after cadmium exposure in chicken embryos by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintaining calcium homeostasis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115847. [PMID: 38118333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous heavy metal with high toxicity that is known to impair development. Astilbin (ASB) is a protective flavonoid compound. We aimed to explore whether ASB can antagonize the myocardial developmental toxicity of Cd exposure. Cd (2 µg) and/or ASB (0.002 µg) were injected into embryonized eggs that were 1 day old. Histological examinations revealed Cd-induced ventricular dilation, reduced wall thickness, and disrupted myocardial fiber connections, while co-administration of ASB mitigated these effects. Electron microscopy confirmed ASB's ability to counteract Cd-induced myocardial cell myofibril damage. Real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) molecular investigations revealed that Cd increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in myocardial tissue and primary cardiomyocytes, as shown by raised expression of stress-related genes (GRP78, XBP1, GRP94, ATF4, ATF6, IRE1, and CHOP). Moreover, Cd disrupted calcium homeostasis, affecting important genes linked to Ca2+ channels and causing an excess of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. In addition, we detected genes related to development and differentiation-related genes in myocardial tissue and primary cardiomyocytes. The results showed that the downregulation of transcription factors in the IrxA cluster, Mefs, and Tbxs families after Cd exposure indicated that cardiac transcription was hindered and cardiac markers (TnnT2, TnnC1, Gata4, Gata6, and Nkx2-5) were abnormally expressed. ASB successfully mitigated these disturbances. During the cell cycle, primary cardiomyocytes undergo growth arrest in flow cytometry. These results suggest that the maturation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes are inhibited after Cd exposure, and ASB has an antagonistic effect on Cd. The present study indicated that Cd could trigger developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryos and primary cardiomyocytes by endoplasmic reticulum stress and Ca2+ overload, respectively, while ASB has an antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haoyue Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xingxi Zhu
- Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, PR China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China
| | - Xing Jiao
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Jianhua Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 10000, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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11
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Cacheux M, Rudokas M, Tieu A, Rizk JA, Hummel ME, Akar FG. Quantitative Assessment of Mitochondrial Morphology and Electrophysiological Function in the Diabetic Heart. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:75-86. [PMID: 38676886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria within a cardiomyocyte form a highly dynamic network that undergoes fusion and fission events in response to acute and chronic stressors, such as hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Changes in mitochondrial architecture and morphology not only reflect their capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis but also impact their subcellular localization and interaction with other organelles. The role of these ultrastructural abnormalities in modulating electrophysiological properties and excitation-contraction coupling remains largely unknown and warrants direct investigation considering the growing appreciation of the functional and structural coupling between the mitochondrial network, the calcium cycling machinery, and sarcolemmal ion channels in the cardiac myocyte. In this Methods in Molecular Biology chapter, we provide a protocol that allows for a quantitative assessment of mitochondrial shape and morphology in control and diabetic hearts that had undergone detailed electrophysiological measurements using high resolution optical action potential (AP) mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cacheux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Rudokas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Tieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna Abi Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madelyn E Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fadi G Akar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University Schools of Engineering and Applied Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale University Schools of Medicine, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Electro-biology and Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Gupta K, Bagang N, Singh G, Laddi L. Rat Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:123-136. [PMID: 38676889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Isoproterenol (ISO) administration produces significant biochemical and histological changes including oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and inflammation that leads to aggravation of myocardial injury. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal ISO injection into rats can replicate several features of human heart disease, making it a useful tool for comprehending the underlying mechanisms and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. In the present chapter, we elaborate on how depending on the precise experimental goals and the intended level of severity, different dosages and regimens are employed to induce myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- International Graduate Program of Medicines, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Loveinder Laddi
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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13
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Gaznabi S, Miranda J, Lorenzatti D, Piña P, Balasubramanian SS, Desai D, Desai A, Ho EC, Scotti A, Gongora CA, Schenone AL, Garcia MJ, Latib A, Parwani P, Slipczuk L. Multimodality Imaging in Aortic Stenosis: Beyond the Valve - Focusing on the Myocardium. Interv Cardiol Clin 2024; 13:101-114. [PMID: 37980060 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Current guidelines of aortic stenosis (AS) management focus on valve parameters, LV systolic dysfunction, and symptoms; however, emerging data suggest that there may be benefit of aortic valve replacement before it becomes severe by present criteria. Myocardial assessment using novel multimodality imaging techniques exhibits subclinical myocardial injury and remodeling at various stages before guideline-directed interventions, which predicts adverse outcomes. This raises the question of whether implementing serial myocardial assessment should become part of the standard appraisal, thereby identifying high-risk patients aiming to minimize adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Gaznabi
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago at Northshore University Health System, 1000 Central Street, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jeirym Miranda
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside. 419 West 114th Street, NY 10025, USA
| | - Daniel Lorenzatti
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Pamela Piña
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Division of Cardiology, CEDIMAT. Arturo Logroño, Plaza de la Salud, Dr. Juan Manuel Taveras Rodríguez, C. Pepillo Salcedo esq. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Senthil S Balasubramanian
- Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago at Northshore University Health System, 1000 Central Street, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Darshi Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine. 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aditya Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine. 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Edwin C Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Carlos A Gongora
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Aldo L Schenone
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Azeem Latib
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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14
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Rojas-Granados A, Pérez-Campos E, Sanchez-Sanchez M, Chávez MAM, Pérez-Campos-Mayoral L, Ángeles-Castellanos M. Prevalence of myocardial bridges in the Mexican population: A morphometric and histological analysis. Morphologie 2023; 108:100760. [PMID: 38157748 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial bridge (MB) is described as an abnormal band of myocardium covering a variable portion of any coronary artery. METHODS The current study explores the presence of MB throughout the coronary arterial system and provides a morphometric description through instrumented dissection of a sample of 100 human hearts. The study shows a higher prevalence of MB in the Mexican population than in previous reports. RESULTS In the total sample (n=100), MB was identified in 96% of it. A total of 421 MBs were observed, with a mean of 4.38mm (±0.28) per dissected heart. The most frequently affected vessel is the anterior interventricular artery where a total of 52 MBs were found, of the total sample studied. DISCUSSION The high prevalence of MB among Mexican patients could be the result of a genetic association for this population or the neoformation of MB after birth due to lifestyle-associated factors. Further studies are required to better understand the high prevalence of MB among Mexican subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rojas-Granados
- Departamento de Anatomia, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - E Pérez-Campos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT, Oaxaca, Oaxaca City, Mexico
| | - M Sanchez-Sanchez
- Posgrado Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - M A M Chávez
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugia, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - L Pérez-Campos-Mayoral
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugia, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - M Ángeles-Castellanos
- Departamento de Anatomia, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico; Departamento de Innovacion en Material Biologico Humano, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, México, Mexico.
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15
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Perkins DR, Talbot JS, Lord RN, Dawkins TG, Baggish AL, Zaidi A, Uzun O, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Cooper SM, Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Shave RE, Stembridge M. Adaptation of Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics in Exercise-Trained Children Is Only Evident after the Adolescent Growth Spurt. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2023:S0894-7317(23)00647-8. [PMID: 38056578 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of structural cardiac remodeling in response to endurance training is maturity dependent. In adults, this structural adaptation is often associated with the adaptation of left ventricular (LV) twist mechanics. For example, an increase in LV twist often follows an expansion in end-diastolic volume, whereas a reduction in twist may follow a thickening of the LV walls. While structural cardiac remodeling has been shown to be more prominent post-peak height velocity (PHV), it remains to be determined how this maturation-dependent structural remodeling influences LV twist. Therefore, we aimed to (1) compare LV twist mechanics between trained and untrained children pre- and post-PHV and (2) investigate how LV structural variables relate to LV twist mechanics pre- and post-PHV. METHODS Left ventricular function and morphology were assessed (echocardiography) in endurance-trained and untrained boys (n = 38 and n = 28, respectively) and girls (n = 39 and n = 34, respectively). Participants were categorized as either pre- or post-PHV using maturity offset to estimate somatic maturation. RESULTS Pre-PHV, there were no differences in LV twist or torsion between trained and untrained boys (twist: P = .630; torsion: P = .382) or girls (twist: P = .502; torsion: P = .316), and LV twist mechanics were not related with any LV structural variables (P > .05). Post-PHV, LV twist was lower in trained versus untrained boys (P = .004), with torsion lower in trained groups, irrespective of sex (boys: P < .001; girls: P = .017). Moreover, LV torsion was inversely related to LV mass (boys: r = -0.55, P = .001; girls: r = -0.46, P = .003) and end-diastolic volume (boys: r = -0.64, P < .001; girls: r = -0.36, P = .025) in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS A difference in LV twist mechanics between endurance-trained and untrained cohorts is only apparent post-PHV, where structural and functional remodeling were related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean R Perkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jack S Talbot
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel N Lord
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tony G Dawkins
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Orhan Uzun
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen-Mark Cooper
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rob E Shave
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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16
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Li H, Yang Q, Wu H, Guo J, Tang Z, Liao J. Terbuthylazine exposure induces innate immune response and inflammation through activating cGAS-STING/NF-κB pathway in myocardium of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105700. [PMID: 38072555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine (TBA), a triazine herbicide, is extensively employed in agriculture for its wide range of effectiveness. However, prolonged utilization of TBA can pose a potential hazard to animals and human health. Here, a total of 180 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) were stochastically assigned to three groups (control group, 0.4 mg/kg TBA group, and 4 mg/kg TBA group) for investigating the impact of TBA on cardiotoxicity. The results revealed that TBA exposure resulted in pathological alterations in the myocardium. Moreover, TBA exposure activated cGAS-STING pathway and markedly elevated the mRNA and protein expression levels of innate immune response (cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF3) in myocardium. Additionally, NF-κB signal was also activated under TBA exposure, which was characterized by the increasing mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, IKKα and the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB/NF-κB, IKKα, p-IκBα/IκBα in the TBA treatment groups. Meanwhile, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were also significantly increased. In summary, our findings suggested that cGAS-STING/NF-κB pathway functionated in the innate immune response and inflammation in myocardium brought on by TBA exposure, which provided new insights into the TBA toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoye Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haitong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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17
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Cha MJ, Hong YJ, Park CH, Cha YJ, Kim TH, Kim C, Park CH. Utilities and Limitations of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:1200-1220. [PMID: 38016680 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common types of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. DCM is characterized by left ventricle (LV) dilatation and systolic dysfunction without coronary artery disease or abnormal loading conditions. DCM is not a single disease entity and has a complex historical background of revisions and updates to its definition because of its diverse etiology and clinical manifestations. In cases of LV dilatation and dysfunction, conditions with phenotypic overlap should be excluded before establishing a DCM diagnosis. The differential diagnoses of DCM include ischemic cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, burned-out hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and non-compaction. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is helpful for evaluating DCM because it provides precise measurements of cardiac size, function, mass, and tissue characterization. Comprehensive analyses using various sequences, including cine imaging, late gadolinium enhancement imaging, and T1 and T2 mapping, may help establish differential diagnoses, etiological work-up, disease stratification, prognostic determination, and follow-up procedures in patients with DCM phenotypes. This article aimed to review the utilities and limitations of CMR in the diagnosis and assessment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Cha
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Hwan Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wu H, Li H, Huo H, Li X, Zhu H, Zhao L, Liao J, Tang Z, Guo J. Effects of terbuthylazine on myocardial oxidative stress and ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in broilers. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 197:105698. [PMID: 38072553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine (TBA) is one of the most commonly used and effective herbicides. However, due to its affinity for soil organic matter and water solubility, TBA can lead to biological health concerns. This study exposed broilers to TBA (0 mg/kg bw, 0.4 mg/kg bw, 4 mg/kg bw) for 28 days. The results showed significant pathological damage in broiler myocardial tissue, such as widening of the interstitial space, rupture of muscle fibers, and deposition of myocardial collagen fibers. In addition, Under the 0.4 mg/kg bw TBA exposure, myocardial oxidative stress was observed in broilers, which was accompanied by the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the increased protein and mRNA levels of NQO1, NOX2 and SOD2 antioxidant enzymes. However, Nrf2/HO-1 protein and mRNA levels were reversed at 4 mg/kg bw TBA exposure. Meanwhile, the Nrf2/HO-1 mediated antioxidant defense was impaired. In contrast with the low dose, the protein and gene expression levels of NQO1, NOX2, and SOD2 were reduced in 4 mg/kg bw TBA group. The expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 was significantly downregulated at both protein and mRNA levels. Beyond that, ACSL4 expression was significantly up-regulated, and the protein result was consistent with the mRNA expression, demonstrating the occurrence of ferroptosis. In general, TBA exposure activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, resulting in ferroptosis. This study links ferroptosis to the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, providing new insights into the potential role of TBA in myocardial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haoye Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haihua Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinrun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heyun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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19
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Yuan X, Liu K, Dong P, Han H. Protective effect and mechanism of different proportions of " Danggui-Kushen" herb pair on ischemic heart disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22150. [PMID: 38034717 PMCID: PMC10685368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of "Danggui-Kushen" herb pair (DKHP) on ischemic heart disease (IHD). The rat model of myocardial reperfusion injury (MIRI) was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups and administered orally for 7 days: control group, IHD group, DKHP1:1 group, DKHP1:2 group, DKHP2:1 group, DKHP1:3 group, DKHP3:1 group, the dosage was 2.7 g/kg. Measure electrocardiogram (ECG), myocardial infarction and injury assessment, Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to evaluate myocardial injury and the protective effect of DKHP. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL-1β and IL-6 kit detection, immunohistochemical analysis, establishment of H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia (Hypoxia) model, DKHP pretreatment for 3 h, MTT method to detect cell survival rate, cell immunofluorescence to observe NF- The expression of TLR-4, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, IKβα, p-IKβα, HIF-1α, VEGF and other genes and proteins were detected by κB nuclear translocation, mitochondrial membrane potential measurement, Western blot and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Compared with the model group, DKHP can reduce the size of myocardial infarction, reduce the levels of factors such as LDH, ROS, IL-1β and IL-6, and improve the cell survival rate; Compared with the model group, DKHP can inhibit the nuclear transfer of NF-κB and reduce mitochondrial damage; the results of immunohistochemical analysis, PCR and Western blot showed that compared with the model group, DKHP can reduce TLR-4, p-NF-κB, Expression levels of p-IKβα, HIF-1α, VEGF and other proteins. Reveal that DKHP may play a protective role in ischemic heart disease by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress damage. DKHP may have protective effect on ischemic heart disease, and its mechanism may be through reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress damage to achieve this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yuan
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, China
| | - Kemeng Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, China
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20
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Wolf EV, Müller L, Schoepf UJ, Fink N, Griffith JP, Zsarnoczay E, Baruah D, Suranyi P, Kabakus IM, Halfmann MC, Emrich T, Varga-Szemes A, O'Doherty J. Photon-counting detector CT-based virtual monoenergetic reconstructions: repeatability and reproducibility of radiomics features of an organic phantom and human myocardium. Eur Radiol Exp 2023; 7:59. [PMID: 37875769 PMCID: PMC10597903 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) may influence imaging characteristics for various clinical conditions due to higher signal and contrast-to-noise ratio in virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). Radiomics analysis relies on quantification of image characteristics. We evaluated the impact of different VMI reconstructions on radiomic features in in vitro and in vivo PCD-CT datasets. METHODS An organic phantom consisting of twelve samples (four oranges, four onions, and four apples) was scanned five times. Twenty-three patients who had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography on a first generation PCD-CT system with the same image acquisitions were analyzed. VMIs were reconstructed at 6 keV levels (40, 55, 70, 90, 120, and 190 keV). The phantoms and the patients' left ventricular myocardium (LVM) were segmented for all reconstructions. Ninety-three original radiomic features were extracted. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated through intraclass correlations coefficient (ICC) and post hoc paired samples ANOVA t test. RESULTS There was excellent repeatability for radiomic features in phantom scans (all ICC = 1.00). Among all VMIs, 36/93 radiomic features (38.7%) in apples, 28/93 (30.1%) in oranges, and 33/93 (35.5%) in onions were not significantly different. For LVM, the percentage of stable features was high between VMIs ≥ 90 keV (90 versus 120 keV, 77.4%; 90 versus 190 keV, 83.9%; 120 versus 190 keV, 89.3%), while comparison to lower VMI levels led to fewer reproducible features (40 versus 55 keV, 8.6%). CONCLUSIONS VMI levels influence the stability of radiomic features in an organic phantom and patients' LVM; stability decreases considerably below 90 keV. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Spectral reconstructions significantly influence radiomic features in vitro and in vivo, necessitating standardization and careful attention to these reconstruction parameters before clinical implementation. KEY POINTS • Radiomic features have an excellent repeatability within the same PCD-CT acquisition and reconstruction. • Differences in VMI lead to decreased reproducibility for radiomic features. • VMI ≥ 90 keV increased the reproducibility of the radiomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias V Wolf
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lukas Müller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicola Fink
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph P Griffith
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Emese Zsarnoczay
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhiraj Baruah
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pal Suranyi
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ismael M Kabakus
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Moritz C Halfmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilman Emrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Akos Varga-Szemes
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jim O'Doherty
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc, Malvern, PA, USA
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21
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Ergene S, Hemsinli D, Karakisi SO, Tümkaya L, Mercantepe T, Yilmaz A, Yel I. Resveratrol Attenuates Degeneration and Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes Induced by Aortic Clamping. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 38:e20230224. [PMID: 37801567 PMCID: PMC10550301 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2023-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective: To investigate the potential beneficial effects of resveratrol (RVT) against ischemia-reperfusion injury of myocardial tissue during surgical treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS Four groups were established - control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), sham (I/R+solvent/dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), and I/R+RVT. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm model was used as the experimental protocol. RESULTS In the I/R and I/R+DMSO groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in myocardial tissue were found to be significantly increased compared to the control group. The MDA level in myocardial tissue was significantly decreased in the I/ R+RVT group compared to the I/R group. In I/R and I/R+DMSO groups, glutathione peroxidase (GSH) levels in myocardial tissue were found to be significantly decreased compared to the control group. The GSH level in the myocardial tissue was significantly increased in the I/R+RVT group compared to the I/R group. In the light microscope, isotropic and anisotropic band disorganized atypical cardiomyocytes in the I/R group and degenerative cardiomyocytes and edematous areas in the I/R+DMSO group were observed. Degenerative cardiomyocytes and edematous areas were decreased in the I/R+RVT group. When heart tissue sections incubated with cleaved caspase-3 primary antibodies were examined under the light microscope, apoptotic cardiomyocytes were present in I/R and I/R+DMSO groups. A decrease in the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was observed in the I/R+RVT group. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that RVT exhibits protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the myocardium as a distant organ as a result of abdominal aorta clamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saban Ergene
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Dogus Hemsinli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sedat Ozan Karakisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Recep
Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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22
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Petrescu A, Voigt JU. [Echocardiography with high frame rates in the clinical practice : Principles, applications and perspectives]. Herz 2023; 48:339-351. [PMID: 37530782 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-023-05199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous developments in cardiovascular imaging, software and hardware have led to technological advancements that open new ways for assessing myocardial mechanics, hemodynamics, and function. Through new scan modalities, echocardiographic scanners can nowadays achieve very high frame rates up to 5000 frames s-1 which enables a wide variety of new applications, including shear wave elastography, ultrafast speckle tracking, the visualization of intracardiac blood flow and myocardial perfusion imaging. This review provides an overview of these advances and demonstrates possible applications and their potential added value in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Petrescu
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Jens-Uwe Voigt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgien.
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23
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Guo YP, Pan SS, Chen TR, Huang Y, Wan DF, Tong YS. Exercise preconditioning promotes myocardial GLUT4 translocation and induces autophagy to alleviate exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury in rats. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:453-472. [PMID: 37715078 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning (EP) is a line of scientific inquiry into the short-term biochemical mediators of cardioprotection in the heart. This study examined the involvement of autophagy induced by energy metabolism in myocardial remodelling by EP and myocardial protection. A total of 120 healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups. Plasma cTnI, HBFP staining and electrocardiographic indicators were examined in the context of myocardial ischemic/hypoxic injury and protection. Western blotting and fluorescence double labelling were used to investigate the relationship between energy metabolism and autophagy in EP-resistant myocardial injury caused by exhaustive exercise. Compared with those in the C group, the levels of myocardial ischemic/hypoxic injury were significantly increased in the EE group. Compared with those in the EE group, the levels of myocardial ischemic/hypoxic injury were significantly decreased in the EEP + EE and LEP + EE groups. Compared with that in the EE group, the level of GLUT4 in the sarcolemma was significantly increased, and the colocalization of GLUT4 with the sarcolemma was significantly increased in the EEP + EE and LEP + EE groups (P < 0.05). LC3-II and LC3-II/LC3-I levels of the EEP + EE group were significantly elevated compared with those in the EE group (P < 0.05). The levels of p62 were significantly decreased in the EEP + EE and LEP + EE groups compared with the EE group (P < 0.05). EP promotes GLUT4 translocation and induced autophagy to alleviate exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial ischemic/hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pan Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shan-Shan Pan
- Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Tian-Ran Chen
- Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dong-Feng Wan
- Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi-Shan Tong
- Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Gaznabi S, Miranda J, Lorenzatti D, Piña P, Balasubramanian SS, Desai D, Desai A, Ho EC, Scotti A, Gongora CA, Schenone AL, Garcia MJ, Latib A, Parwani P, Slipczuk L. Multimodality Imaging in Aortic Stenosis: Beyond the Valve - Focusing on the Myocardium. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:491-504. [PMID: 37714589 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Current guidelines of aortic stenosis (AS) management focus on valve parameters, LV systolic dysfunction, and symptoms; however, emerging data suggest that there may be benefit of aortic valve replacement before it becomes severe by present criteria. Myocardial assessment using novel multimodality imaging techniques exhibits subclinical myocardial injury and remodeling at various stages before guideline-directed interventions, which predicts adverse outcomes. This raises the question of whether implementing serial myocardial assessment should become part of the standard appraisal, thereby identifying high-risk patients aiming to minimize adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Gaznabi
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago at Northshore University Health System, 1000 Central Street, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jeirym Miranda
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside. 419 West 114th Street, NY 10025, USA
| | - Daniel Lorenzatti
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Pamela Piña
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Division of Cardiology, CEDIMAT. Arturo Logroño, Plaza de la Salud, Dr. Juan Manuel Taveras Rodríguez, C. Pepillo Salcedo esq. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Senthil S Balasubramanian
- Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago at Northshore University Health System, 1000 Central Street, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Darshi Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine. 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aditya Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine. 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Edwin C Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Carlos A Gongora
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Aldo L Schenone
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Azeem Latib
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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25
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Espriu-Romero DF, Hernández-González MA, Solorio-Meza SE. [Mortality associated with myocardial damage by troponin I in patients with COVID 19]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2023; 61:S155-S160. [PMID: 38011615 PMCID: PMC10766439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause cardiac injury, probably associated with myocarditis and ischemia induced by the infection. Myocardial damage leads to the liberation of proinflammatory cytokines and to the activation of autoimmune adaptive mechanisms through molecular limitation. Objective To assess mortality associated with myocardial damage in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 confirmed by troponin I measurement. Material and methods Case-control study nested in a cohort of patients of a third-level hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population. Qualitative variables were expressed as proportions and ranges, quantitative variables as means and standard deviation. Fisher's exact test was used to compare mortality between patients with and without myocardial damage. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results From June 2020 to August 2020, 28 patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled, out of which 15 had no myocardial damage and 13 had myocardial damage assessed by serum troponin measurement. A strong association was found between mortality and the presence of myocardial damage, since mortality was 20% (3/15) among patients without myocardial damage and 92.3% (12/13) among those with myocardial damage (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.005). Conclusion Mortality in patients with COVID-19 is associated with myocardial damage assessed by troponin I measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Fernando Espriu-Romero
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, Hospital de Especialidades No.1, Servicio de Cardiología. León, Guanajuato, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Martha Alicia Hernández-González
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, Hospital de Especialidades No. 1, División de Investigación. León, Guanajuato, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Sergio Eduardo Solorio-Meza
- Universidad Tecnológica de México, Campus León, División de Ciencias de la Salud. León, Guanajuato, MéxicoUniversidad Tecnológica de MéxicoMéxico
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Ebina J, Mizumura S, Ishii N, Kobayashi Y, Shibukawa M, Morioka H, Nagasawa J, Yanagihashi M, Hirayama T, Kawabe K, Orimo S, Kano O. Reduced 123I-MIBG uptake in the parotid and submandibular glands in patients with Parkinson's disease identified using a quantitative semi-automatic method. J Neurol 2023; 270:4385-4392. [PMID: 37222842 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in the parotid and submandibular glands in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in comparison with controls, and to compare MIBG uptake between those glands and the myocardium. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the relationships between clinical features and MIBG uptake. METHODS We recruited 77 patients with PD and 21 age-matched controls. We assessed MIBG scintigraphy in the major salivary glands and myocardium. We calculated the MIBG uptake ratio in the parotid glands/mediastinum (P/M), submandibular glands/mediastinum (S/M), and heart/mediastinum (H/M) using a quantitative semi-automatic method. We investigated the correlations between MIBG uptake and clinical features. RESULTS The P/M and H/M ratios in the early and delayed phases were significantly reduced in PD patients compared to controls, while the delayed phase S/M ratio was reduced in PD patients compared to controls. The P/M ratio correlated with the S/M ratio, while neither the P/M nor S/M ratio correlated with the H/M ratio. Between PD patients and controls, sensitivity and specificity were 54.8% and 59.1% for the delayed phase P/M ratio, while sensitivity and specificity were 59.5% and 61.0% for the delayed phase S/M ratio, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity for the delayed phase H/M ratio were 85.7% and 79.2, respectively. CONCLUSION MIBG uptake in the parotid and submandibular glands was reduced in patients with PD. Furthermore, sympathetic denervation in the major salivary glands and myocardium might progress independently. Our findings suggest a new aspect of the pathological distribution of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ebina
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sunao Mizumura
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ishii
- Central Radiology Division, Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kobayashi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Shibukawa
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Morioka
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Nagasawa
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yanagihashi
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Hirayama
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Kawabe
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mandour DA, Morsy MM, Fawzy A, Mohamed NM, Ahmad MM. Structural and molecular changes in the rat myocardium following perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure are mitigated by quercetin via modulating HSP 70 and SERCA 2. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:283-296. [PMID: 37365388 PMCID: PMC10412685 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a man-made fluorinated compound employed in a variety of industrial and civilian applications. Due to its long elimination half-life and promotion of oxidative stress and inflammation, it is one of the most abundant organic contaminants. The present study was designed to determine the cytotoxic effect of PFOS on adult male rat cardiac tissue and to assess the cardioprotective role of the flavonoid quercetin (Que), which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group I (Control). Group II (Que) received Que (75 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) by oral gavage. Group III (PFOS group): supplemented orally with PFOS (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) and Group IV (PF OS/Que). The rat heart was processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression studies. The PFOS group showed histological alterations in the myocardium that were partially reversed by the administration of Que. The inflammatory biomarkers (TNF, IL-6, and IL-1), lipid profile, TSH, MDA, and serum cardiac enzymes (LDH and CK-MB) were all altered. These findings collectively suggest that PFOS had adverse effects on the cardiac muscle structure, and these effects were alleviated by quercetin, which is a promising cardioprotective flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Morsy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M. Ahmad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Ibrahim NA, Buabeid MA, Shaimaa Arafa E, Elmorshedy KE. Zinc's protective role against hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiac effects in adult male albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103733. [PMID: 37521750 PMCID: PMC10374629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long exposure to Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been complicated by some dangerous though infrequent cardiotoxicity. Methods A total of 40 normal adult male albino rats dispersed into 4 groups were used. Group 1 (Control group), Group II (HCQ treated group), Group III (zinc [Zn]-treated group), and Group IV (HCQ and Zn treated group). Once the experimentation ended, rats were sacrificed and cardiac soft tissue sections were processed twenty-four hours at the end of the experiment for histological study. Results Cardiac-stained sections revealed that HCQ induced widespread necrosis, dilatation, and vacuolar degeneration. However, the combination of HCQ with Zn ameliorated these damaging effects. Cardiac enzyme parameters were also studied in the 4 groups and revealed CK-MB and troponin were considerably elevated in groups II associated to the control group. Conclusion It was concluded that Zn revealed a protective role against HCQ cardiomyopathy in adult male albino rats. This might signify an appreciated means for Zn-based treatment in the upcoming subsequent clinical records to adjust doses and guarantee patient safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal A. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | | | - El Shaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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Wen L, Cheng X, Fan Q, Chen Z, Luo Z, Xu T, He M, He H. TanshinoneⅡA inhibits excessive autophagy and protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via 14-3-3η/Akt/Beclin1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175865. [PMID: 37406848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive autophagy induced by reperfusion is one of the causes of severe myocardial injury. Tanshinone IIA (TSN) protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanism by which the inhibition of excessive autophagy contributes to the myocardial protection by TSN is unclear. The protective effects and mechanisms of TSN were studied in H9c2 cells and rats after anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-or I/R-induced myocardial injury. The results showed that after the injury, cell viability decreased, lactate dehydrogenase and caspase 3 activity and apoptosis increased, and autophagy was excessively activated. Further, redox imbalance and energy stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced myocardial function, increased infarct area, and severely damaged morphology were observed in rats. TSN increased 14-3-3η expression and regulated Akt/Beclin1 pathway, inhibited excessive autophagy, and significantly reversed the functional, enzymological and morphological indexes in vivo and in vitro. However, the protective effects of TSN were mimicked by 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) and were attenuated by pAD/14-3-3η-shRNA, API-2 (an Akt inhibitor), and rapamycin (an autophagy activator). In conclusion, TSN could increase 14-3-3η expression and regulate Akt/Beclin1 pathway, inhibit excessive autophagy, maintain the mitochondrial function, improve energy supply and redox equilibrium, alleviate apoptosis, and ultimately protect myocardium against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xie Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qigui Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zixin Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ming He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Lal S. TC-SegNet: robust deep learning network for fully automatic two-chamber segmentation of two-dimensional echocardiography. Multimed Tools Appl 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37362663 PMCID: PMC10238771 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-15524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Heart chamber quantification is an essential clinical task to analyze heart abnormalities by evaluating the heart volume estimated through the endocardial border of the chambers. A precise heart chamber segmentation algorithm using echocardiography is essential for improving the diagnosis of cardiac disease. This paper proposes a robust two chamber segmentation network (TC-SegNet) for echocardiography which follows a U-Net architecture and effectively incorporates the proposed modified skip connection, Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) modules and squeeze and excitation modules. The TC-SegNet is evaluated on the open-source fully annotated dataset of cardiac acquisitions for multi-structure ultrasound segmentation (CAMUS). The proposed TC-SegNet obtained an average value of F1-score of 0.91, an average Dice score of 0.9284 and an IoU score of 0.8322 which are higher than the reference models used here for comparison. Further, Pixel error (PE) of 1.5109 which are significantly less than the comparison models. The segmentation results and metrics show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art segmentation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Lal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru, 575025 Karnataka India
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Zhao R, Wang X, Zhou X, Jiang S, Zhang L, Yu Z. Metabolites and gene expression in the myocardium of fasting rats in an acute hypoxic environment. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:251. [PMID: 37165337 PMCID: PMC10173486 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising demand for entry to extremely high altitudes (HAs), rapid adaptability to extremely hypoxic environments is a challenge that we need to explore. Fasting was used to evaluate acute hypoxia tolerance at HA and was proven to be an effective method for improving the survival rate at extreme HA. Our experiments also showed that fasting pretreatment for 72 h significantly increased the 24 h survival rate of rats at 7620 m from 10 to 85% and protected the myocardium cells of rats. Here, we compared the metabolites and gene expression in the myocardium of SD rats pretreated with fasting and nonfasting at normal altitude and extreme HA. Our findings demonstrated that the dynamic contents of detected differential metabolites (DMs) between different rat groups were consistent with the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and DM clusters also showed strong correlations with DEG clusters. DM clusters related to amino acids and lipids were significantly lower in the fasting groups, and the correlated DEG clusters were enriched in mitotic pathways, including CDK1, CDC7, NUF2, and MCM6, suggesting that fasting can attenuate mitotic processes in cardiac tissues and reduce the synthesis of amino acids and lipids. L-Glutamine-related metabolites were particularly low at extreme HA without pretreatment but were normal in the fasting groups. The DEGs in the cluster related to L-glutamine-related metabolites were enriched for T-cell receptor V(D)J recombination, the Hippo signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and the mTOR signaling pathway and were significantly downregulated, indicating that the content of L-glutamine decreased at extreme HA, while fasting increased it to adapt to the environment. Moreover, abundant fatty acids were detected when rats were exposed to extreme HA without pretreatment. Our study revealed the fasting and hypoxic environment-related factors in SD rats and provided new insights into the genetic and molecular characteristics in the myocardium, which is critical to developing more potential rapid adaptation methods to extreme HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhou Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Allen JJ, Keegan J, Mathew G, Conway M, Jenkins S, Pennell DJ, Nielles-Vallespin S, Gatehouse P, Babu-Narayan SV. Fully-modelled blood-focused variable inversion times for 3D late gadolinium-enhanced imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 98:44-54. [PMID: 36581215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variable heart rate during single-cycle inversion-recovery Late Gadolinium-Enhanced (LGE) scanning degrades image quality, which can be mitigated using Variable Inversion Times (VTIs) in real-time response to R-R interval changes. We investigate in vivo and in simulations an extension of a single-cycle VTI method previously applied in 3D LGE imaging, that now fully models the longitudinal magnetisation (fmVTI). METHODS The VTI and fmVTI methods were used to perform 3D LGE scans for 28 3D LGE patients, with qualitative image quality scores assigned for left atrial wall clarity and total ghosting. Accompanying simulations of numerical phantom images were assessed in terms of ghosting of normal myocardium, blood, and myocardial scar. RESULTS The numerical simulations for fmVTI showed a significant decrease in blood ghosting (VTI: 410 ± 710, fmVTI: 68 ± 40, p < 0.0005) and scar ghosting (VTI: 830 ± 1300, fmVTI: 510 ± 730, p < 0.02). Despite this, there was no significant change in qualitative image quality scores, either for left atrial wall clarity (VTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 1.8 ± 1.0, p > 0.1) or for total ghosting (VTI: 1.9 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, p > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Simulations indicated reduced ghosting with the fmVTI method, due to reduced Mz variability in the blood signal. However, other sources of phase-encode ghosting and blurring appeared to dominate and obscure this finding in the patient studies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Allen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Keegan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Mathew
- Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Conway
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Nielles-Vallespin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gatehouse
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sonya V Babu-Narayan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital. Part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Gao PC, Wang AQ, Chen XW, Cui H, Li Y, Fan RF. Selenium alleviates endoplasmic reticulum calcium depletion-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in chicken myocardium after mercuric chloride exposure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:51531-51541. [PMID: 36810819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal with definite cardiotoxic properties and can affect the health of humans and animals through diet. Selenium (Se) is a heart-healthy trace element and dietary Se has the potential to attenuate heavy metal-induced myocardial damage in humans and animals. This study was designed to explore antagonistic effect of Se on the cardiotoxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in chickens. Hyline brown hens received a normal diet, a diet containing 250 mg/L HgCl2, or a diet containing 250 mg/L HgCl2 and 10 mg/kg Na2SeO3 for 7 weeks, respectively. Histopathological observations demonstrated that Se attenuated HgCl2-induced myocardial injury, which was further confirmed by the results of serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels assay and myocardial tissues oxidative stress indexes assessment. The results showed that Se prevented HgCl2-induced cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca2+) overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ depletion mediated by Ca2+-regulatory dysfunction of ER. Importantly, ER Ca2+ depletion led to unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), resulting in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway. In addition, heat shock protein expression was activated by HgCl2 through these stress responses, which was reversed by Se. Moreover, Se supplementation partially eliminated the effects of HgCl2 on the expression of several ER-settled selenoproteins, including selenoprotein K (SELENOK), SELENOM, SELENON, and SELENOS. In conclusion, these results suggested that Se alleviated ER Ca2+ depletion and oxidative stress-induced ERS-dependent apoptosis in chicken myocardium after HgCl2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - An-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Wei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Yacouba Moukeila MB, Thokerunga E, He F, Bongolo CC, Xia Y, Wang F, Gado AF, Mamoudou H, Khan S, Ousseina B, Ousmane HA, Diarra D, Ke J, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Adenosine 2 receptor regulates autophagy and apoptosis to alleviate ischemia reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetes via IRE-1 signaling. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 36964482 PMCID: PMC10039586 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effect and mechanism of action of adenosine 2 receptor (A2R) activation on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) under diabetic conditions. METHODS MIRI type 2 diabetic rats and H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with A2R agonist and then subjected to hypoxia for 6 h and reoxygenation for 18 h. Myocardial damage, and infarct size were determined by cardiac ultrasound. Indicators of cardiomyocyte injury, creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was determined through measuring the expression levels of ERS related genes GRP78, p-IRE1/IRE1, and p-JNKJNK. The mechanism of A2R cardio protection in MIRI through regulating ERS induced autophagy was determined by investigating the ER resident protein IRE-1. The ER-stress inducer Tunicamycin, and the IRE-1 inhibitor STF in combination with the A2R agonist NECA were used, and the cellular responses were assessed through autophagy proteins expression Beclin-1, p62, LC3 and apoptosis. RESULTS NECA improved left ventricular function post MIRI, limited myocardial infarct size, reduced myocardial damage, decreased cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and attenuated ERS induced autophagy through regulating the IRE-XBP1s-CHOP pathway. These actions resulted into overall protection of the myocardium against MIRI. CONCLUSION In summary, A2R activation by NECA prior to ischemia attenuates apoptosis, reduces ERS induced autophagy and restores left ventricular function. This protective effect occurs through regulating the IRE1-XBPs-CHOP related mechanisms. NECA is thus a potential target for the treatment of MIRI in patient with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erick Thokerunga
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Christian Cedric Bongolo
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fuyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Adamou Foumakoye Gado
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Général de Référence Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Hama Mamoudou
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Bonkano Ousseina
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Niamey Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Drissa Diarra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjuan Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Chou SH, Lin HC, Chen SW, Tai YT, Jung SM, Ko FH, Pang JHS, Chu PH. Cadmium exposure induces histological damage and cytotoxicity in the cardiovascular system of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113740. [PMID: 36958389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported an association between chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure and increased cardiovascular risk; however, their causal relationship remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Cd exposure on the cardiac and arterial systems in mice. According to the concentration of cadmium chloride in drinking water, male mice were randomly divided into control and low-dose and high-dose Cd exposure groups. The intervention duration was 12 weeks. In cardiac tissues, Cd exposure led to focal necrosis, myofibril disarray, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis, and disorganized sarcomere structures. Cd also induced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and increased the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-14 in cardiac tissues. In the arterial tissues, Cd exposure damaged the intimal and medial layers of the aorta. Cd further reduced the viability of aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro. This study provides evidence for the Cd-induced damage of the cardiovascular system, which may contribute to various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hsien Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei Su Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kashiwagi-Takayama R, Kozawa J, Hosokawa Y, Kato S, Kawata S, Ozawa H, Mineo R, Ishibashi C, Baden MY, Iwamoto R, Saisho K, Fujita Y, Tamba S, Sugiyama T, Nishizawa H, Maeda N, Yamamoto K, Higashi M, Yamada Y, Sakata Y, Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I. Myocardial fat accumulation is associated with cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in elderly or female patients: a retrospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36882731 PMCID: PMC9993532 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic fat is fat that accumulates in or around specific organs or compartments of the body including myocardium. The clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients with high fat accumulation in the myocardium remain unknown. Moreover, little is known about the influence of myocardial fat accumulation in type 2 diabetes on coronary artery disease and cardiac dysfunction. We aimed to clarify the clinical features, including cardiac functions, of type 2 diabetes patients with myocardial fat accumulation. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled type 2 diabetes patients who underwent ECG-gated coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan examinations within 1 year of CCTA from January 2000 to March 2021. High fat accumulation in the myocardium was defined as the low mean myocardial CT value of three regions of interest, and the associations between CT values and clinical characteristics or cardiac functions were assessed. RESULTS In total, 124 patients were enrolled (72 males and 52 females). The mean age was 66.6 years, the mean BMI was 26.2 kg/m2, the mean ejection fraction (EF) was 67.6%, and the mean myocardial CT value was 47.7 Hounsfield unit. A significant positive correlation was found between myocardial CT value and EF (r = 0.3644, p = 0.0004). The multiple regression analyses also showed that myocardial CT value was independently associated with EF (estimate, 0.304; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.092 to 0.517; p = 0.0056). Myocardial CT value showed significant negative correlations with BMI, visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area (r = - 0.1923, - 0.2654, and -0.3569, respectively, p < 0.05). In patients who were ≥ 65 years or female, myocardial CT value showed significant positive correlations with not only EF (r = 0.3542 and 0.4085, respectively, p < 0.01) but also early lateral annular tissue Doppler velocity (Lat e') (r = 0.5148 and 0.5361, respectively, p < 0.05). The multiple regression analyses showed that myocardial CT value was independently associated with EF and Lat e' in these subgroups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in elderly or female patients, who had more myocardial fat had more severe left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. Reducing myocardial fat accumulation may be a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kashiwagi-Takayama
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Hosokawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sarasa Kato
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Ozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Mineo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Megu Y Baden
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuya Iwamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Saisho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tamba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Xing P, Li X, Bai Y, Jiao Z. Cypermethrin and/or sulfamethoxazole exposure effect on apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum of grass carp cardiomyocyte. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 252:114594. [PMID: 36753969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the soar use range of pesticides and antibiotics in agricultural production, the pollution of surrounding runoff has become more severe; thus, the health and safety of non-target species such as fish are at risk. Excessive amounts of cypermethrin (CMN, 0.651 mg/l) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ, 0.3 mg/l) are known to trigger oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in toxic effects on cells. The damage degree of poisons on grass carp and the effect of the corresponding axis pathway PERK/eif2α/CHOP are still unknown. Therefore, our study set up two single poison groups (CMN/SMZ) and a combined poison group (CMN&SMZ) to detect this pathway and related indicators. After detection, the content of MDA both in CMN and SMZ group myocardium tissue was increased, while the SOD, CAT activity and GSH levels were decreased. Apoptosis-related genes (Bax, PUMA, P53 and Caspase-3/9), inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β/6/8), ER stress pathway PERK/eif2α/CHOP and related genes (ATF6, IRE1a and GRP78) were all increased; in contrast, the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was down-regulated. From the overall trend observation, the apoptosis proportion of cardiomyocytes in the combined poison group was higher than that of the single poison. In summary, this study shows that CMZ and SMZ can induce oxidative stress and subsequent ER stress in grass carp cardiomyocytes by regulating the PERK/eif2α/CHOP signaling axle, thereby inducing apoptosis, and followed by inflammatory responses. The combined effect of the CMZ and SMZ mixture was severer than that of a single poison (CMZ or SMZ), so it can be inferred that the damage degree of grass carp myocardium tissue would be aggravated with the appearance of CMZ or/and SMZ. The experimental results of this study have suggestions and warnings for the toxicological research of CMZ and SMZ and the management of industrial and ecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yiwei Bai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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38
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Kano R, Igarashi T, Kikuchi R, Ojiri H, Katsube A, Yano S. Evaluation of the correlation between multiple organ calcification on CT and disease severity in patients with TAFRO syndrome. Jpn J Radiol 2023:10.1007/s11604-023-01394-2. [PMID: 36729191 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of multiple organ calcification and the correlation between multiple organ calcification and clinical severity in patients with thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome. METHODS We retrospectively identified 13 patients with TAFRO syndrome who were treated at our hospital between February 2019 and March 2021. Computed tomography (CT) images of TAFRO patients, which were acquired at admission and one month after admission, were evaluated. Additionally, clinical and laboratory data related to organ calcification and severity classification of TAFRO syndrome were investigated. The correlation between the presence of organ calcification on CT and TAFRO syndrome-severity classification was evaluated. RESULTS One month after admission, calcification of the myocardium, adrenal glands, gallbladder wall, pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, and skin were observed in 38%, 46%, 15%, 15%, 15%, 23%, and 15% of the thirteen patients, respectively. The occurrence rate of calcifications in the myocardium, adrenal glands, and skeletal muscle was significantly higher in patients with a grade 4 or higher clinical severity than in those with a level up to grade 3 (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, and p = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the higher the clinical severity in patients with TAFRO syndrome, the higher is the frequency of calcification in the myocardium, adrenal glands, and skeletal muscle; therefore, the assessment of these organ calcifications on CT images may be useful in predicting the severity of TAFRO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kano
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takao Igarashi
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryo Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ojiri
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katsube
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shingo Yano
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Kakaletsis S, Lejeune E, Rausch MK. Can machine learning accelerate soft material parameter identification from complex mechanical test data? Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:57-70. [PMID: 36229697 PMCID: PMC11048729 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the constitutive parameters of soft materials often requires heterogeneous mechanical test modes, such as simple shear. In turn, interpreting the resulting complex deformations necessitates the use of inverse strategies that iteratively call forward finite element solutions. In the past, we have found that the cost of repeatedly solving non-trivial boundary value problems can be prohibitively expensive. In this current work, we leverage our prior experimentally derived mechanical test data to explore an alternative approach. Specifically, we investigate whether a machine learning-based approach can accelerate the process of identifying material parameters based on our mechanical test data. Toward this end, we pursue two different strategies. In the first strategy, we replace the forward finite element simulations within an iterative optimization framework with a machine learning-based metamodel. Here, we explore both Gaussian process regression and neural network metamodels. In the second strategy, we forgo the iterative optimization framework and use a stand alone neural network to predict the entire material parameter set directly from experimental results. We first evaluate both approaches with simple shear experiments on blood clot, an isotropic, homogeneous material. Next, we evaluate both approaches against simple shear and uniaxial loading experiments on right ventricular myocardium, an anisotropic, heterogeneous material. We find that replacing the forward finite element simulations with metamodels significantly accelerates the parameter identification process with excellent results in the case of blood clot, and with satisfying results in the case of right ventricular myocardium. On the other hand, we find that replacing the entire optimization framework with a neural network yielded unsatisfying results, especially for right ventricular myocardium. Overall, the importance of our work stems from providing a baseline example showing how machine learning can accelerate the process of material parameter identification for soft materials from complex mechanical data, and from providing an open access experimental and simulation dataset that may serve as a benchmark dataset for others interested in applying machine learning techniques to soft tissue biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kakaletsis
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Emma Lejeune
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Manuel K Rausch
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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40
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Tueni N, Allain JM, Genet M. On the structural origin of the anisotropy in the myocardium: Multiscale modeling and analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105600. [PMID: 36525875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to structural heterogeneities within the tissue, the myocardium displays an orthotropic material behavior. However, the link between the microstructure and the macroscopic mechanical properties is still not fully established. In particular, if it is admitted that the cardiomyocyte organization induces a transversely isotropic symmetry, the relative role in the observed orthotropic symmetry of cardiomyocyte orientation variation and perimysium collagen "sheetlet" structure, two mechanisms occurring at different scales, is still a matter of debate. In order to shed light on this question, we designed a multiscale model of the myocardium, bridging the cell, sheetlet and tissue scales. More precisely, we compared the macroscopic anisotropy obtained by homogenization of different mesostructures consisting in cardiomyocytes and extracellular collageneous layers, also taking into account the variation of cardiomyocyte and sheetlet orientations on the macroscale, to available experimental data. This study confirms the importance of sheetlets layers in assuring the tissue's anisotropic response, as cardiomyocytes-only mesostructures cannot reproduce the observed anisotropy. Moreover, our model shows the existence of a size effect in the myocardial tissue shear properties, which will require further experimental analysis.
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41
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Cizkova D, Zurmanova JM, Gerykova L, Kouvelas A, Heles M, Elsnicova B, Galatik F, Silhavy J, Pravenec M, Mokry J. Nestin expression in intact and hypertrophic myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats during aging. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023:10.1007/s10974-023-09641-9. [PMID: 36690826 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nestin is a unique intermediate filament expressed for a short period in the developing heart. It was also documented in several cell types of the adult myocardium under pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction or fibrosis. However, circumstances of nestin re-occurrence in the diseased or aging heart have not been elucidated yet. In this work we immunohistochemically detected nestin to determine its expression and distribution pattern in the left ventricular myocardium of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and in the hypertrophic ones of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, both at the age of 1 and 1.5 year. No nestin+ cells were identified in the intact myocardium of 1-year-old WKY rats, whereas in the aged 1.5-year-old WKY rats nestin+ endothelial cells in some blood vessels were discovered. In the hypertrophic myocardium of all SHR rats, nestin was rarely detected in desmin+ vimentin- cardiomyocytes and in some vimentin+ interstitial cells often accumulated in clusters, varying in intensity of desmin immunoreactivity. Moreover, nestin was infrequently expressed in the endothelial cells of some myocardial blood vessels in 1-year-old SHR rats, but not in 1.5-year-old ones. Quantitative image analysis of nestin expression in the myocardium confirmed significant increase in 1.5-year-old WKY rats and in SHR rats of both ages compared to the intact 1-year-old WKY rats. This study firstly documents nestin re-expression indicating cytoskeletal remodelling in different cell types of the aging intact and chronically pressure over-loaded hypertrophied myocardium. Our findings confirm nestin involvement in complex changes during myocardial hypertrophy and progressive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Gerykova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandros Kouvelas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Heles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Elsnicova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Galatik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Silhavy
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Bürgisser GM, Heuberger DM, Schaffner N, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Delineation of the healthy rabbit heart by immunohistochemistry - A technical note. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151993. [PMID: 36584538 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure poses a big health problem and may result from obesity, smoking, alcohol and/or growing age. Studying pathological heart tissue demands accurate histological and immunohistochemical stainings in animal models, including chromogenic and fluorescent approaches. Moreover, a reliable set of healthy heart stainings and labeling are required, in order to provide a reference for the pathological situation. Heart and brain tissue of a healthy rabbit were collected, and different histological key steps were compared, such as paraffin embedding after formalin fixation versus cryopreservation; an antigen retrieval (AR) step in processing paraffin sections versus the same procedure without AR; or a chromogenic with a fluorescent detection system, respectively. Using serial sections, we stained the same morphological structure with classic approaches (HE, Masson Goldner Trichrome (GT) and Elastica van Gieson (EL)) and with different markers, including collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, α-SMA, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is an inflammation-related marker, and ki67 for proliferating cells. Differences between conditions were quantitatively assessed by measuring the color intensity. Generally, cryosections exhibited a more prominent signal intensity in immunohistochemically labeled sections than in paraffin sections, but the strong staining was slurry, which sometimes impeded proper identification of morphological structures, particularly at higher magnifications. In addition, the advantage of an AR step was observed when compared to the condition without AR, where signal intensities were significantly lower. Different stainings of the heart arteries and the myocardium revealed a clear distribution of extracellular matrix components, with prominent collagen III in the artery wall, but an absence of collagen III in the myocardium. Moreover, paraffin-embedded sections provided more distinct structures compared to cryosections after collagen III, ki67, fibronectin, and α-SMA labeling. As for the Purkinje cells that were depicted in the heart and the cerebellum (Purkinje neurons), we found GT staining most suitable to depict them in the heart, while HE as well as EL staining was ideal to depict Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. In sum, we provide useful reference images with different stainings for researchers using the rabbit heart or brain model. Such images can help to decide which of the immunohistochemical protocols are valuable to reach a specific aim. Recommendations are given for the best visualization of the target structures and specific (immunohistochemical) staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Meier Bürgisser
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea M Heuberger
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Schaffner
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the spaces between cardiomyocytes following both acute and chronic tissue damage events, resulting in the remodeling and stiffening of heart tissue. Fibrosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure and myocardial infarction. Several studies have identified fibroblasts, which are induced to differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to various types of damage, as the most important cell types involved in the fibrotic process. Some drugs, such as inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, have been shown to be effective in reducing cardiac fibrosis. There are currently no drugs with primarily anti-fibrotic action approved for clinical use, as well as the evidence of a clinical efficacy of these drugs is extremely limited, despite the numerous encouraging results from experimental studies. A new approach is represented by the use of CAR-T cells engineered in vivo using lipid nanoparticles containing mRNA coding for a receptor directed against the FAP protein, expressed by cardiac myofibroblasts. This strategy has proved to be safe and effective in reducing myocardial fibrosis and improving cardiac function in mouse models of cardiac fibrosis. Clinical studies are required to test this novel approach in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Morfino
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Emdin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Peters AA, Wagner B, Spano G, Haupt F, Ebner L, Kunze KP, Schmidt M, Neji R, Botnar R, Prieto C, Jung B, Christe A, Gräni C, Huber AT. Myocardial scar detection in free-breathing Dixon-based fat- and water-separated 3D inversion recovery late-gadolinium enhancement whole heart MRI. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:135-144. [PMID: 36598693 PMCID: PMC9813059 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy and reader confidence for late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) detection of a novel free-breathing, image-based navigated 3D whole-heart LGE sequence with fat-water separation, compared to a free-breathing motion-corrected 2D LGE sequence in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac MRI patients including the respective sequences were retrospectively included. Two independent, blinded readers rated image quality, depiction of segmental LGE and documented acquisition time, SNR, CNR and amount of LGE. Results were compared using the Friedman or the Kruskal-Wallis test. For LGE rating, a jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed with a figure of merit (FOM) calculation. Forty-two patients were included, thirty-two were examined with a 1.5 T-scanner and ten patients with a 3 T-scanner. The mean acquisition time of the 2D sequence was significantly shorter compared to the 3D sequence (07:12 min vs. 09:24 min; p < 0.001). The 3D scan time was significantly shorter when performed at 3 T compared to 1.5 T (07:47 min vs. 09:50 min; p < 0.001). There were no differences regarding SNR, CNR or amount of LGE. 3D imaging had a significantly higher FOM (0.89 vs. 0.78; p < 0.001). Overall image quality ratings were similar, but 3D sequence ratings were higher for fine anatomical structures. Free-breathing motion-corrected 3D LGE with high isotropic resolution results in enhanced LGE-detection with higher confidence and better delineation of fine structures. The acquisition time for 3D imaging was longer, but may be reduced by performing on a 3 T-scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Peters
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Benedikt Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Spano
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Haupt
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Ebner
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michaela Schmidt
- Cardiovascular MR Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Radhouene Neji
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bernd Jung
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Christe
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian T Huber
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Ragusa R, Masotti S, Musetti V, Rocchiccioli S, Prontera C, Perrone M, Passino C, Clerico A, Caselli C. Cardiac troponins: Mechanisms of release and role in healthy and diseased subjects. Biofactors 2022; 49:351-364. [PMID: 36518005 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac troponins (cTns), cardiac troponin C (cTnC), cTnT, and cTnI are key elements of myocardial apparatus, fixed as protein complex on the thin filament of sarcomere and are involved in the regulation of excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Ca2+ . Circulating cTnT and cTnI (cTns) increase following cardiac tissue necrosis, and they are consolidated biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the use of high sensitivity (hs)-immunoassay tests for cTnT and cTnI has made it possible to identify a multitude of other clinical conditions associated with increased circulating levels of cTns. cTns can be measured also in the peripheral circulation of healthy subjects or athletes, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the release of cTns in the blood independently of cardiac cell necrosis. In this review, the molecular/cellular mechanisms involved in cTns release in blood and the exploitation of cTnI and cTnT as biomarkers of cardiac adverse events, in addition to cardiac necrosis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Masotti
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Musetti
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Perrone
- Department of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Clerico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Chai N, Zheng H, Zhang H, Li L, Yu X, Wang L, Bi X, Yang L, Niu T, Liu X, Zhao Y, Dong L. Spermidine Alleviates Intrauterine Hypoxia-Induced Offspring Newborn Myocardial Mitochondrial Damage in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Mitochondrial Quality Control. Iran J Pharm Res 2022; 21:e133776. [PMID: 36945337 PMCID: PMC10024813 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in offspring. As a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, polyamine spermidine (SPD) is essential for embryonic and fetal survival and growth. However, further studies on the SPD protection and mechanisms for IUH-induced heart damage in offspring are required. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of prenatal SPD treatment on IUH-induced heart damage in newborn offspring rats and its underlying mitochondrial-related mechanism. Methods The rat model of IUH was established by exposure to 10% O2 seven days before term. Meanwhile, for seven days, the pregnant rats were given SPD (5 mg.kg-1.d-1; ip). The one-day offspring rats were sacrificed to assess several parameters, including growth development, heart damage, cardiomyocytes proliferation, myocardial oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial function, and have mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial fusion/fission. In in vitro experiments, primary cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia with or without SPD for 24 hours. Results IUH decreased body weight, heart weight, cardiac Ki67 expression, the activity of SOD, and the CAT and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels and increased the BAX/BCL2 expression, and TUNEL-positive nuclei numbers. Furthermore, IUH also caused mitochondrial structure abnormality, dysfunction, and decreased mitophagy (decreased number of mitophagosomes), declined mitochondrial biogenesis (decreased expression of SIRT-1, PGC-1α, NRF-2, and TFAM), and led to fission/fusion imbalance (increased percentage of mitochondrial fragments, increased DRP1 expression, and decreased MFN2 expression) in the myocardium. Surprisingly, SPD treatment normalized the variations in the IUH-induced parameters. Furthermore, SPD also prevented hypoxia-induced ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential decay, and the mitophagy decrease in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Maternal SPD treatment caused IUH-induced heart damage in newborn offspring rats by improving the myocardial mitochondrial function via anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, and regulating MQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chai
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Department of the Laboratory Animal, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Tongxu Niu
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- College of Nursing, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lijie Dong
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Children’s Hospital, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Author: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Harbin Children’s Hospital, Harbin, China.
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Abstract
Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily infects the lower airways and binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on alveolar epithelial cells. ACE2 is widely expressed not only in the lungs but also in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 can also damage the myocardium. This report aimed to highlight decreased heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac injury caused by SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods We evaluated three COVID-19 patients who died. Patients' data were collected from electronic medical records. We collected patient's information, including baseline information, lab results, body temperature, heart rate (HR), clinical outcome and other related data. We calculated the HRV and the difference between the expected and actual heart rate changes as the body temperature increased. Results As of March 14, 2020, 3 (2.2%) of 136 patients with COVID-19 in Tianjin died in the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic. The immediate cause of death for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 was cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and cardiac arrest, respectively. The HRV were substantially decreased in the whole course of all three cases. The actual increases in heart rate were 5 beats/min, 13 beats/min, and 4 beats/min, respectively, less than expected as their temperature increased. Troponin I and Creatine Kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) were substantially increased only in Case 3, for whom the diagnosis of virus-related cardiac injury could not be made until day 7. In all three cases, decreased in HRV and HR changes occurred earlier than increases in cardiac biomarkers (e.g., troponin I and CK-MB). Conclusions In conclusion, COVID-19 could affect HRV and counteract tachycardia in response to increases in body temperature. The decreases of HRV and HR changes happened earlier than the increases of myocardial markers (troponin I and CK-MB). It suggested the decreases of HRV and HR changes might help predict cardiac injury earlier than myocardial markers in COVID-19, thus its early identification might help improve patient prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44231-022-00024-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfen Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongle Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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Meng J, Xiao B, Wu F, Sun L, Li B, Guo W, Hu X, Xu X, Wen T, Liu J, Xu H. Co-axial fibrous scaffolds integrating with carbon fiber promote cardiac tissue regeneration post myocardial infarction. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100415. [PMID: 36105673 PMCID: PMC9465342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardium is an excitable tissue with electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. In this work, carbon fibers (CFs) and co-axial fibrous mesh were integrated which combined the high modulus and excellent electrical conductivity of CFs and the fibrous and porous structures of the electrospun fibers. The scaffold was fabricated by simply integrating coaxial electrospun fibers and carbon fibers through a freeze-drying procedure. It was shown that the integration of carbon fibers have the conductivity and Young's modulus of the fibrous mesh increased significantly, meanwhile, upregulated the expression of CX43, α-actinin, RhoA of the neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and promoted the secretion of VEGF of HUVECs. Moreover, the cardiomyocytes grown on the scaffolds increased the ability of HUVECs migration. When implanted to the injury area post myocardial infraction, the scaffolds were able to effectively enhance the tissue regeneration and new vessel formation, which rescued the heart dysfunction induced by the myocardial infraction, evidenced by the results of echocardiography and histochemical analysis. In conclusion, the composite scaffolds could promote the myocardium regeneration and function's recovery by enhancing cardiomyocytes maturation and angiogenesis and establishing the crosstalk between the cardiomyocytes and the vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengxin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bo Li
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuechun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuegai Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
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Zhang H, Yang C, Gao F, Hu S, Ma H. Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using ultrasonic layer-specific strain technology and its association with cardiovascular events: a long-term follow-up study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2022; 20:25. [PMID: 36207759 PMCID: PMC9541079 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-022-00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease with potential cardiovascular involvement. Layer-specific strain (LSS) analysis is a new method that allows early detection of subtle left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate LV systolic function in patients with SLE using conventional echocardiographic measurements and longitudinal strain (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) by LSS. Furthermore, the association between echocardiographic parameters and the occurrence of cardiovascular events was assessed. Methods A total of 162 patients with SLE (the SLE group) who underwent a dedicated multidisciplinary assessment, including echocardiography, were analyzed at the time of their first visits. The control group consisted of 68 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. LS and CS on endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial layers at 17 cardiac segments were measured. Transmural strain gradient was calculated as the differences in systolic strain between the endocardial and epicardial layers. Results Compared with control subjects, patients with SLE had significantly lower LV ejection fraction, LS, and CS values in all layers (P < 0.05); LV LS and CS gradient were all lower than control subjects (P < 0.05). During a median follow-up period of 83 months (interquartile range: 64–95 months), 59 patients (36.4%) developed cardiovascular events. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found that LV endocardial LS (hazard ratio, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.002–1.035; P = 0.025) and CS (hazard ratio, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.027–1.077; P < 0.001) demonstrated independent associations with cardiovascular events; whereas LV ejection fraction was not significantly associated with cardiovascular events. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that patients with SLE with lower LV endocardial LS and CS (based on the cutoff values of -21.5% and -29.0%, respectively) experienced higher cumulative rates of cardiovascular events compared with those with higher LV endocardial LS and CS. Conclusions In patients with SLE, LV systolic function measured by LV endocardial LS and CS were significantly lower than that of the control group and were associated with cardiovascular events, potentially representing a new technology to improve risk stratification in these patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Cunxin Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Shanting Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310015, China
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Mezache L, Nuovo GJ, Suster D, Tili E, Awad H, Radwański PB, Veeraraghavan R. Histologic, viral, and molecular correlates of heart disease in fatal COVID-19. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 60:151983. [PMID: 35660807 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac manifestations are common in severe COVID-19. This study compared the histologic, viral, and molecular findings in cardiac tissue in fatal COVID-19 (n = 11) and controls (n = 11). In situ hybridization (SARS-CoV2 RNA) and immunohistochemistry for viral proteins and the host response were quantified for the samples and compared with qRTPCR and Western blot data. Control hearts showed a high resident population of macrophages that had variable ACE2 expression. Cardiac ACE2 expression was 10× greater in the heart tissues of cases and controls with obesity or type II diabetes. Multifocal endothelial cell swelling and degeneration, perivascular edema plus microvascular thrombi were unique to the cases. SARS-CoV2 RNA and nucleocapsid protein were rarely detected in situ in any COVID-19 heart. However, in each case abundant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was evident. Co-expression experiments showed that the spike protein localized mostly to the ACE2+ interstitial macrophages/pericytes that were activated as evidenced by increased IL6 and TNFα expression. Western blots confirmed the presence of the viral spike protein, but not the nucleocapsid protein, in the cardiac homogenates. The intercalated disc proteins connexin 43, the primary cardiac gap junction protein, and NaV1.5, the predominant cardiac sodium channel, each showed marked lateral migration in the myocytes in the cases, which would increase the risk of reentrant arrhythmias. It is concluded that the viral spike protein, endocytosed by macrophages/pericytes, can induce a myocarditis with the possibility of conduction dysfunction due to abnormal localization of key intercalated disc proteins.
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